High-efficiency tubular heat exchanger

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tube type heat exchangers, in particular to a high-efficiency tube type heat exchanger which comprises a heat exchanger shell and a heat exchange tube nest, and a mounting tube plate and a floating plate mechanism are arranged at the two ends of the heat exchange tube nest respectively. Through the arrangement of the connecting columns, connection of the mounting tube plate and the floating plate mechanism is achieved, a double-end supporting structure is formed, the double-end supporting structure and the limiting lantern ring are integrally matched with the double-layer floating plate, the structural stability of the heat exchanger is enhanced, and the loosening problem caused by vibration or medium impact is reduced; through cooperation of the axial flow assembly and the radial flow assembly, a heat exchange medium can enter the heat exchanger shell through a peripheral gap of the double-layer floating plate and the center of the center conical cylinder, retention of the medium at the end of the heat exchanger is reduced, flowing dead zones at the end and in the heat exchanger shell are eliminated, a radial and axial three-dimensional flowing path is formed, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. Dispersion medium flow is effectively carried out, and a flow dead zone caused by local flow concentration is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and particularly to a high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Background Art

[0002] A heat exchanger is a device that transfers part of the heat of a hot fluid to a cold fluid, also known as a heat exchanger. As one of the most widely used heat exchange devices in the industrial field, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger undertakes a key heat transfer task in industries such as chemical engineering, petroleum, energy, food, and medicine. Its core structure consists of components such as a shell, heat exchange tube bundles, tube sheets, and baffle plates, and heat exchange is achieved through the temperature difference between the fluid inside the tubes and the fluid in the shell side.

[0003] In the prior art, such as a floating head shell-and-tube heat exchanger with the publication number CN216081092U, by completely isolating the stud from the shell side medium, contact with the shell side medium is avoided. However, in the actual use process, the tube sheet structure of the heat exchanger is single, only playing a role in fixing the tube and a certain sealing effect, and the traditional shell-and-tube heat exchanger usually has a single flow path, resulting in the formation of flow dead zones in the tube side and shell side of the fluid, and the heat transfer efficiency is limited.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention proposes a high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger to solve the problems of the single tube sheet structure of the existing heat exchanger, the easy formation of flow dead zones in the tube side and shell side of the fluid, and the limited heat transfer efficiency, aiming to optimize the fluid flow path and strengthen the perturbation, improve the flow uniformity of the heat exchange medium and the tube in the heat exchanger, and achieve efficient and uniform heat exchange. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger shell and heat exchange tube bundles. Installation tube sheets and floating plate mechanisms are respectively arranged at both ends of the heat exchange tube bundles. The installation tube sheets are connected to the opening ports of the heat exchange tube bundles. Connecting columns penetrate and connect between the installation tube sheets and the double-layer floating plates. Flow grooves are evenly opened on the outer ring inner wall of the connecting columns. A flow disturbance component is arranged inside the connecting columns. The floating plate mechanism includes a double-layer floating plate, an axial flow component, and a radial flow component. The axial flow component includes a central cone. The radial flow component includes a limit collar, a flow guide member, a supporting member, and a retention member. A partition lining is fixedly installed on the limit collar.

[0007] Preferably, the central cone is fixedly installed on the central inner wall of the double-layer floating plate, and a flow guide plate is fixedly installed on the side of the central cone away from the connecting column.

[0008] Preferably, an inner conical tube is fixedly installed on the central inner surface of the central conical cylinder. A sound absorption cavity is formed between the outer ring surface of the inner conical tube and the inner ring surface of the central conical cylinder. Support partition plates are evenly distributed inside the sound absorption cavity. There are multiple groups of the support partition plates, which are arranged in a circular array about the central axis of the central conical cylinder.

[0009] Preferably, the limit collar has an annular hub frame structure. The inner ring surface of the limit collar is fixedly connected to the outer ring surface of the double-layer floating plate. Circumferential flow holes are evenly formed on the side of the limit collar. The flow guiding member is arranged inside the circumferential flow holes.

[0010] Preferably, the flow guiding member includes an arc-shaped embedded plate. A triangular flow guiding plate is fixedly installed on the inner ring surface of the arc-shaped embedded plate. The surface facing the rear channel of the triangular flow guiding plate is an inclined flow guiding slope surface, and the surface facing the front channel of the triangular flow guiding plate is an open surface.

[0011] Preferably, installation arc grooves are evenly formed on the outer circumferential ring surface of the limit collar. The supporting member is movably installed inside the installation arc grooves. The supporting member includes a mounting plate. The mounting plate has an arc-shaped plate structure, and the inner ring surface of the mounting plate is adapted and fitted to the outer ring surface of the arc-shaped embedded plate. An installation groove is formed on the inner side wall of the mounting plate. A curved surface sealing plate and a curved surface groove strip are arranged inside the installation groove.

[0012] Preferably, the inner ring surface of the curved surface groove strip is adapted and fitted to the inner wall of the installation groove. A group of curved surface sealing plates are arranged between adjacent two groups of the curved surface groove strips. A soft elastic scraping strip is fixedly installed on the outer ring surface of the curved surface sealing plate. The outer surface of the soft elastic scraping strip is movably connected to the inner wall of the heat exchanger housing.

[0013] Preferably, a closed cavity is formed by enclosing the two groups of the curved surface groove strips and the curved surface sealing plates. A buffer member is arranged inside the closed cavity. The buffer member includes a support block and a curved support block. The two ends of the curved support block are respectively fixedly connected to the inner sides of the two support blocks. The two ends of the support block are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the installation groove and the inner side surface of the curved surface sealing plate. And the upper side curved surface of the curved support block is movably abutted against the bottom surface of the curved surface sealing plate.

[0014] Preferably, limiting grooves are respectively formed on the inner side walls of both sides of the partition lining strip. One inner wall of the limiting groove is an inclined surface. A locking hole is formed on the inner wall of the inclined surface. A locking member is arranged inside the locking hole.

[0015] Preferably, the locking member includes a locking rod and a limiting sleeve. The limiting sleeve is fixedly installed at both ends of the mounting plate. An abutting elastic wire is fixedly installed on the inner surface of the limiting sleeve. The other end of the abutting elastic wire is fixedly connected to one end of the locking rod. A pull rod is fixedly installed at the end of the locking rod away from the lock hole. The cross-section of the pull rod is in a "T" shape, and the outer surface of the pull rod is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting sleeve.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: A high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger proposed by the present invention realizes the connection between the mounting tube sheet and the floating plate mechanism through the setting of the connecting column, forming a double-end support structure. By integrating and cooperating the double-end support structure, the limiting collar and the double-layer floating plate, the structural stability of the heat exchanger is enhanced, and the loosening problem caused by vibration or medium impact is reduced; by combining the mutual cooperation of the axial flow component and the radial flow component, the heat exchange medium can enter the interior of the heat exchanger shell through the outer peripheral gap of the double-layer floating plate and the center of the central cone, reducing the retention of the medium at the end of the heat exchanger, eliminating the flow dead zone at the end and inside the heat exchanger shell, forming a three-dimensional flow path of radial plus axial, effectively dispersing the medium flow rate, and avoiding the flow dead zone caused by local flow concentration; by optimizing the flow path of the heat exchange medium, enhancing the installation stability of the heat exchange tubes, promoting the flow of the medium in the central area, and eliminating the end flow dead zone and other measures, the heat exchange efficiency is significantly improved, and the heat exchange energy consumption is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a three-dimensional disassembled structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 is the Figure 2 enlarged structural schematic diagram at A of the present invention; Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the interior of the heat exchanger shell of the present invention; Figure 5 is the Figure 4 horizontal sectional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 6 is the Figure 5 enlarged structural schematic diagram at B of the present invention; Figure 7 is the Figure 4 structural schematic diagram of the state with the heat exchange tubes removed of the present invention; Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the state where a single group of mounting plates is detached of the present invention; Figure 9 is the Figure 8 enlarged structural schematic diagram at C of the present invention; Figure 10Schematic diagram of the disassembly structure of the limit collar and the double-layer floating plate of the present invention; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the half-sectional structure of the floating plate mechanism of the present invention; Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at D; Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the limit collar of the present invention; Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the cross-section of a single set of mounting plates of the present invention; Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a single set of mounting plates of the present invention; Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the cross-section of the flow guide member of the present invention; Figure 17 Schematic diagram of the partial cross-sectional structure of the central cone barrel of the present invention; Figure 18 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the connecting column of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1, heat exchanger housing; 11, heat exchange medium inlet pipe; 12, heat exchange medium outlet pipe; 13, heat source inlet pipe; 14, heat source outlet pipe; 15, partition plate; 150, embedding groove; 16, baffle plate; 2, heat exchange tubes; 3, mounting tube sheet; 4, floating plate mechanism; 40, double-layer floating plate; 41, central cone barrel; 411, inner cone tube; 412, sound absorption cavity; 413, support partition plate; 414, flow guide plate; 42, limit collar; 430, circumferential flow hole; 43, arc-shaped embedding plate; 431, triangular flow guide plate; 440, mounting arc groove; 44, mounting plate; 441, mounting groove; 442, curved surface sealing plate; 4421, soft elastic scraping strip; 443, curved surface groove strip; 4431, staggered plate; 4450, closed cavity; 445, support block; 4451, curved support block; 45, partition lining strip; 450, limit groove; 4501, inclined surface; 4502, lock hole; 46, lock rod; 461, pull rod; 462, limit sleeve; 463, abutting elastic wire; 5, connecting column; 50, flow groove; 51, spherical cover; 511, embedding block; 52, flow disturbance assembly. Detailed implementation manners

[0019] In order to clearly and completely describe the objectives, technical solutions of the present invention and make the advantages more clear, the following further elaborates on the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments, and are only used to explain the embodiments of the present invention, not to limit the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1, please refer to Figures 1 - 18 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger, including a heat exchanger housing 1 and heat exchange tubes 2. A number of baffles 16 are arranged in a staggered manner inside the heat exchanger housing 1. These baffles 16 effectively guide the heat exchange medium to form a spiral flow path, extending the residence time of the medium in the housing and enhancing the heat exchange effect. At both ends of the heat exchanger housing 1, a front channel and a rear channel are respectively provided. A partition plate 15 is fixedly installed on the central inner wall of the front channel. The side of the partition plate 15 close to the heat exchange tubes 2 is designed as a plane, and an embedding groove 150 is opened on the inner wall of the plane for precise docking with subsequent components. The two ends of the front channel are respectively connected through a heat source inlet pipe 13 and a heat source outlet pipe 14. The lower inner wall of the rear channel is connected through a heat exchange medium inlet pipe 11. The upper inner wall of the heat exchanger housing 1 close to the front channel is connected through a heat exchange medium outlet pipe 12. At both ends of the heat exchange tubes 2, a mounting tube sheet 3 and a floating plate mechanism 4 are respectively provided. The mounting tube sheet 3 is connected to the opening port of the heat exchange tubes 2. A connecting column 5 is connected through between the mounting tube sheet 3 and the double-layer floating plate 40. Flow grooves 50 are evenly opened on the outer ring inner wall of the connecting column 5. A flow disturbance component 52 is arranged inside the connecting column 5. The flow disturbance component 52 is specifically composed of a driving motor, a shaft rod, a threaded vane and an impeller. One end of the shaft rod is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving motor. The spiral vane is fixedly installed on the outside of the shaft rod. When the driving motor works, its output shaft rotates and drives the shaft rod to rotate. At the same time, the spiral vane and the impeller rotate synchronously, disturbing the heat exchange medium while preventing the deposition of impurities in the inner cavity of the connecting column 5 and preventing the flow grooves 50 from being blocked; One end of the connecting column 5 close to the front channel is fixedly installed with a spherical cover 51. An embedding block 511 is fixedly installed on the outer curved surface of the spherical cover 51. The outer surface of the embedding block 511 is movably embedded with the inner wall of the embedding groove 150. The flow disturbance component 52 can not only be used as a flow regulating component to achieve uniform flow of the heat exchange medium, increase the thermal conductivity coefficient, but also reduce stagnation and eliminate flow dead zones, and reduce the deposition of the heat exchange medium through the disturbing action to avoid blockage; The floating plate mechanism 4 includes a double-layer floating plate 40, an axial flow component and a radial flow component. The axial flow component includes a central cone 41. The radial flow component includes a limiting collar 42, a flow guiding member, a supporting member and a stagnation member. A partition lining 45 is fixedly installed on the limiting collar 42. A through hole adapted to the heat exchange tubes 2 is opened on the inner wall of the double-layer floating plate 40; In this embodiment, a heat exchange medium is input into the heat exchanger housing 1 through the heat exchange medium inlet pipe 11, forms a spiral flow path through multiple sets of staggered baffles 16 inside the heat exchanger housing 1, and is output through the heat exchange medium outlet pipe 12, jointly constituting a circulation system of the heat exchange medium. The heat source medium is input through the heat source inlet pipe 13 and is separated by the partition plate 15. The heat source enters inside multiple sets of heat exchange tubes 2. At this time, the heat of the heat source is transferred to the heat exchange medium through the inner wall of the heat exchange tubes 2, thus realizing the heat exchange of the heat exchange medium. Finally, the heat source is discharged through the heat source outlet pipe 14. Through the setting of the connecting column 5, the connection between the mounting tube sheet 3 and the floating plate mechanism 4 is realized, forming a double-end support structure, enhancing the stability of the tube installation; and it is worth noting that the setting of the connecting column 5 also houses the flow disturbing component 52, realizing the full flow of the heat exchange medium in the central area of the heat exchange tubes 2 and the heat exchanger housing 1, ensuring the axial flow of the heat exchange medium inside the heat exchanger housing 1, avoiding the situation that the heat exchange medium forms a flow dead zone due to local retention, and affecting the heat exchange efficiency, achieving the effect of multi-purpose use of one object; Combined with the mutual cooperation of the axial flow component and the radial flow component, the heat exchange medium can enter the inside of the heat exchanger housing 1 through the outer peripheral gap of the double-layer floating plate 40 and the center of the central cone 41, reducing the retention of the medium at the end of the heat exchanger, eliminating the end flow dead zone, and using the connecting column 5 as the central flow channel to avoid the formation of a dead zone of the medium inside the heat exchanger housing 1, improving the medium utilization rate, forming a three-dimensional flow path of radial plus axial, effectively dispersing the medium flow rate, and avoiding the flow dead zone caused by local flow concentration; at the same time, the integrated cooperation of the limit collar 42 and the double-layer floating plate 40 enhances the structural stability, and overall realizes efficient and uniform heat exchange, improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0021] Embodiment 2, referring to the appendix Figures 1 - 18, on the basis of Embodiment 1, in order to realize the three-dimensional flow of the heat exchange medium in the axial and radial directions of the heat exchange tubes 2: The central cone 41 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the center of the double-layer floating plate 40, and a guide plate 414 is fixedly installed on one side of the central cone 41 away from the connecting column 5; An inner cone tube 411 is fixedly installed on the inner surface of the center of the central cone 41, and spiral ridges are fixedly added to the inner circumferential surface of the inner cone tube 411. An acoustic absorption cavity 412 is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the inner cone tube 411 and the inner circumferential surface of the central cone 41. A plurality of support partition plates 413 are evenly distributed inside the acoustic absorption cavity 412. There are multiple groups of support partition plates 413 and they are arranged in a circular array about the central axis of the central cone 41; The limiting collar 42 has an annular hub frame structure. The inner circumferential surface of the limiting collar 42 is fixedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the double-layer floating plate 40. Circumferential flow holes 430 are evenly opened on the side of the limiting collar 42. The flow guiding member is arranged inside the circumferential flow holes 430; The flow guiding member includes an arc-shaped embedded plate 43. A triangular flow guiding plate 431 is fixedly installed on the inner circumferential surface of the arc-shaped embedded plate 43. The side of the triangular flow guiding plate 431 facing the rear channel is an inclined flow guiding slope, and the side of the triangular flow guiding plate 431 facing the front channel is an open surface; In this embodiment, when the heat exchange medium is input through the heat exchange medium inlet pipe 11, the heat exchange medium will be buffered by the rear channel. Here, the floating plate mechanism 4 will form a blockage to the heat exchange medium. It should be noted that the outer diameter of the double-layer floating plate 40 is smaller than the inner diameter of the heat exchanger housing 1, forming an annular gap channel, allowing the fluid to radially enter the heat exchanger housing 1. Through the central cone 41 installed in the center of the double-layer floating plate 40 and the limiting collar 42 connected to the outer periphery of the double-layer floating plate 40, the heat exchange medium will enter the interior of the heat exchanger housing 1 through the outer peripheral gap and the central area of the central cone 41, forming a three-dimensional flow path of radial + axial, effectively dispersing the medium flow rate and avoiding flow dead zones caused by local flow concentration; It should be noted that the arc-shaped embedded plate 43 is installed inside the circumferential flow holes 430, forming evenly divided gaps on the outer periphery of the limiting collar 42. Through the special structural design of the triangular flow guiding plate 431, it helps the guiding flow of the medium from the rear channel to the front channel direction; And the guide plates 414 installed on the outside of the central cone 41 are distributed in a divergent shape about its central axis. This not only ensures the stability of the installation of the central cone 41 and provides structural support to the central cone 41, but also can guide the medium to be divided and directed around the double-layer floating plate 40, making the medium distribution more uniform near the heat exchange tubes 2, reducing the generation of turbulence and eddy currents on the side of the double-layer floating plate 40 close to the rear channel. In this way, the resistance to medium dispersion is reduced and the heat exchange efficiency is accelerated; And by installing the inner cone tube 411 inside the central cone 41 and opening spiral ridges inside it, the flow of the medium is accelerated. Refer to Figure 17As shown, a plurality of groups of supporting baffles 413 are installed on the inner side of the sound absorbing cavity 412 formed by the central cone 41 and the inner cone tube 411 to divide the sound absorbing cavity 412 into a plurality of small spaces. The supporting baffles 413 here also play the role of providing structural strength to the central cone 41, reducing the vibration of the flow of the heat exchange medium, and achieving the noise reduction of the flow of the heat exchange medium inside the inner cone tube 411, thus realizing the effect of one object with multiple uses.

[0022] Embodiment 3, refer to the attached Figures 1 - 18 On the basis of the second embodiment, in order to achieve the structural stability between the double-layer floating plate 40 and the heat exchanger shell 1: the outer peripheral surface of the limiting ring 42 is evenly provided with mounting arc grooves 440, the support member is movably installed on the inner side of the mounting arc groove 440, and the support member includes a mounting plate 44, the mounting plate 44 is an arc-shaped plate-like structure, and the inner ring surface of the mounting plate 44 is adapted to fit the outer ring surface of the arc-shaped insert plate 43, and a mounting groove 441 is provided on the outer inner wall of the mounting plate 44, and a curved sealing plate 442 and a curved groove strip 443 are arranged inside the mounting groove 441; a retention groove is provided on the inner side of the curved groove strip 443, and a staggered plate 4431 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the retention groove, and the staggered plates 4431 are staggered; the cross-section of the curved sealing plate 442 is high in the middle and low on both sides, refer to Figure 14 , which can guide the scraped dirt to flow into the curved groove strip 443 better; the inner annular surface of the curved groove strip 443 is adapted to fit the inner wall of the mounting groove 441, and a group of curved sealing plates 442 are arranged between two adjacent groups of curved groove strips 443, and a soft elastic scraping strip 4421 is fixedly installed on the outer annular surface of the curved sealing plate 442, and the outer surface of the soft elastic scraping strip 4421 is movably connected to the inner wall of the heat exchanger shell 1; the two groups of curved groove strips 443 and the curved sealing plates 442 is sealed to form a closed cavity 4450, and a buffer is arranged inside the closed cavity 4450, and the buffer includes a support block 445 and a curved support block 4451. The inner sides of the two groups of support blocks 445 are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the curved support block 4451, and the two ends of the support block 445 are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the installation groove 441 and the inner side of the curved sealing plate 442, and the upper curved surface of the curved support block 4451 is respectively movably abutted against the bottom surface of the curved sealing plate 442; In this embodiment, the limiting collar 42 is assembled with the double-layer floating plate 40, and the diameter of the structure formed by the two fits with the inner wall of the heat exchanger shell 1. Installation arc grooves 440 are evenly formed on the outer ring surface of the limiting collar 42, and multiple groups of supporting members are installed on the inner side thereof, which can maintain the stability of the floating plate mechanism 4 during the heat exchange operation. On the one hand, the overall supporting members can not only ensure the stability of the structure of the double-layer floating plate 40 itself to prevent the impact of the heat exchange medium, but also prevent the connecting column 5 from shaking. On the other hand, when it is necessary to disassemble and maintain the internal structure of the heat exchanger shell 1, after disassembling the two ends of the heat exchanger shell 1, the installation tube plate 3 is pulled outwards. At this time, as a connecting member, the connecting column 5 pulls the floating plate mechanism 4 outwards as a whole. In this way, the supporting members can scrape the dirt on the side wall of the heat exchanger shell 1 and play an auxiliary cleaning role. It should be noted that the baffle plate 16 is installed on the surface of the heat exchange tube 2, and when it is pulled outwards, the baffle plate 16 is synchronously pulled outwards. Specifically, referring to Figure 14 As shown, during the movement of the mounting plate 44 on the side wall of the heat exchanger shell 1, the flexible elastic scraping strip 4421 is in contact with the side wall, and the scraped dirt can be guided to the inside of the curved surface groove strip 443 for collection. With the staggered arrangement of the staggered plates 4431 in the retention groove, the collected dirt can be blocked to prevent the collected dirt from easily flowing out. In particular, it should be noted that the height of the flexible elastic scraping strip 4421 is greater than the side height of the mounting plate 44, and the height of the curved surface groove strip 443 is lower than the height of the curved surface sealing plate 442.

[0023] Embodiment 4, referring to the appendix Figures 1 - 18 , on the basis of Embodiment 3, in order to realize the cleaning and maintenance of the retained dirt: limiting grooves 450 are respectively formed on the inner side walls of both sides of the partition lining strip 45, one inner side wall of the limiting groove 450 is set as an inclined surface 4501, and a locking hole 4502 is formed on the inner wall of the inclined surface 4501, and a locking member is arranged inside the locking hole 4502; the locking member includes a locking rod 46 and a limiting sleeve 462. The limiting sleeve 462 is fixedly installed at both ends of the mounting plate 44. An abutting elastic wire 463 is fixedly installed on the inner surface of the limiting sleeve 462, and the other end of the abutting elastic wire 463 is fixedly connected with one end of the locking rod 46. A pull rod 461 is fixedly installed at the end of the locking rod 46 away from the locking hole 4502. The cross section of the pull rod 461 is in a "T" - shaped structure, and the outer surface of the pull rod 461 is slidably connected with the inner wall of the limiting sleeve 462; In this embodiment, when assembling or disassembling the mounting plate 44, the detachment and installation between a single - group mounting plate 44 and the limiting collar 42 can be realized. Specifically, referring to Figures 11 - 12, when installing the mounting plate 44, directly snap the mounting plate 44 into the mounting arc groove 440 for preliminary positioning. During the process of its gradual insertion, the locking rods 46 on both sides of the mounting plate 44 slide along the inclined surface 4501 of the limiting groove 450. After being completely inserted, the locking rods 46 are embedded in the locking holes 4502 for locking. At this time, the originally compressed abutting elastic wires 463 are released, and the locking effect is achieved through the reverse elastic force of the abutting elastic wires 463. When disassembly is required, the user only needs to pull the limiting sleeves 462 on both sides. At this time, the locking rods 46 move outwards, releasing the locking restriction on the locking holes 4502, causing the abutting elastic wires 463 to be compressed, and then pulling the mounting plate 44 outwards can complete the unlocking.

[0024] Embodiment 5. Refer to the attached Figures 1 - 18 , on the basis of Embodiment 4, the present invention also proposes a method for using a high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger, including the following steps: Step 1, input and output of heat exchange medium and heat source medium: The heat exchange medium is input into the heat exchanger housing 1 through the heat exchange medium inlet pipe 11. The heat exchange medium forms a spiral flow path through a plurality of sets of staggered baffles 16 inside the heat exchanger housing 1 and is output through the heat exchange medium outlet pipe 12 to realize the circulation of the heat exchange medium; The heat source medium is input from the heat source inlet pipe 13, enters the inside of a plurality of sets of heat exchange tubes 2 after being separated by the partition plate 15, and the heat is transferred to the heat exchange medium through the inner wall of the heat exchange tubes 2. Finally, the heat source is discharged through the heat source outlet pipe 14; Step 2, start of the driving structure of the connecting column 5: When the heat exchange medium flows in the heat exchanger housing 1, start the turbulence component 52 of the driving structure inside the connecting column 5. Through the operation of the driving motor, its output shaft drives the shaft rod to rotate, and the spiral vane and the impeller rotate synchronously to disturb the heat exchange medium, avoid the deposition of impurities in the inner cavity of the connecting column 5, prevent the flow groove 50 from being blocked, and at the same time ensure the axial flow of the heat exchange medium inside the heat exchanger housing 1, reduce the flow dead zone, and improve the heat exchange efficiency; Step 3, three-dimensional flow guidance of the heat exchange medium: After the heat exchange medium is input through the heat exchange medium inlet pipe 11, it is buffered by the rear channel, blocked by the floating plate mechanism 4. The heat exchange medium enters the inside of the heat exchanger housing 1 through the outer peripheral gap of the double-layer floating plate 40 and the central area of the central cone 41, forming a three-dimensional flow path of radial plus axial, effectively dispersing the medium flow rate and avoiding the flow dead zone caused by local flow concentration.

[0025] Step 4, installation and cleaning and maintenance of the supporting parts: After the limiting collar 42 and the double-layer floating plate 40 are assembled, the diameter fits the inner wall of the heat exchanger housing 1. A plurality of sets of supporting parts are installed in the mounting arc grooves 440 uniformly opened on the outer ring surface of the limiting collar 42 to keep the floating plate mechanism 4 stable during the heat exchange operation and prevent the heat exchange medium from impacting and the connecting column 5 from shaking.

[0026] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger, comprising a heat exchanger shell (1) and heat exchange tubes (2), characterized in that: The two ends of the heat exchange tube array (2) are respectively provided with a mounting tube sheet (3) and a floating plate mechanism (4); the mounting tube sheet (3) is connected to the open port of the heat exchange tube array (2); a connecting column (5) is connected through the mounting tube sheet (3) and the double-layer floating plate (40); flow grooves (50) are evenly provided on the inner wall of the outer ring of the connecting column (5); a spoiler assembly (52) is provided inside the connecting column (5); the floating plate mechanism (4) comprises a double-layer floating plate (40), an axial flow assembly and a radial flow assembly; the axial flow assembly comprises a central cone (41); the radial flow assembly comprises a limiting collar (42), a flow guide, a support member and a retention member; and a partition lining strip (45) is fixedly mounted on the limiting collar (42).

2. The high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein: The central cone (41) is fixedly mounted on the central inner wall of the double-layer floating plate (40), and a guide plate (414) is fixedly mounted on a side of the central cone (41) away from the connecting column (5).

3. The high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein: An inner cone tube (411) is fixedly mounted on the central inner surface of the central cone tube (41); an outer annular surface of the inner cone tube (411) and an inner annular surface of the central cone tube (41) form a sound absorption cavity (412); support baffles (413) are evenly distributed inside the sound absorption cavity (412); a plurality of groups of the support baffles (413) are provided and are arranged in a circular array about the central axis of the central cone tube (41).

4. A high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting collar (42) is in the form of an annular hub frame structure, the inner ring surface of the limiting collar (42) is fixedly connected to the outer ring surface of the double-layer floating plate (40), the side edge of the limiting collar (42) is evenly provided with circumferential flow holes (430), and the flow guide is arranged on the inner side of the circumferential flow holes (430).

5. The high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 4, wherein: The flow guide member comprises an arc-shaped panel (43), and a triangular flow guide plate (431) is fixedly mounted on the inner annular surface of the arc-shaped panel (43).

6. A high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer circumferential surface of the limiting collar (42) is evenly provided with mounting arc grooves (440), the support member is movably mounted on the inner side of the mounting arc grooves (440), the support member comprises a mounting plate (44), the mounting plate (44) is an arc-shaped plate-like structure, and the inner ring surface of the mounting plate (44) is adapted to fit the outer ring surface of the arc-shaped insert plate (43), a mounting groove (441) is provided on the outer inner wall of the mounting plate (44), and a curved sealing plate (442) and a curved groove strip (443) are arranged inside the mounting groove (441).

7. The high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 6, wherein: The inner annular surface of the curved groove strip (443) fits snugly with the inner wall of the mounting groove (441); a group of curved sealing plates (442) is provided between two adjacent groups of the curved groove strips (443); a soft elastic scraper strip (4421) is fixedly mounted on the outer annular surface of the curved sealing plate (442); and the outer surface of the soft elastic scraper strip (4421) is movably connected to the inner wall of the heat exchanger shell (1).

8. The high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that: Two groups of the curved surface groove strips (443) and the curved surface sealing plate (442) enclose to form a closed cavity (4450). A buffer member is arranged on the inner side of the closed cavity (4450). The buffer member includes a support block (445) and a curved support block (4451). The inner sides of the two groups of support blocks (445) are respectively fixedly connected to both ends of the curved support block (4451). Both ends of the support block (445) are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the installation groove (441) and the inner side surface of the curved surface sealing plate (442). And the upper side surfaces of the curved support blocks (4451) are respectively in movable abutment with the bottom surface of the curved surface sealing plate (442).

9. The high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein: Limit grooves (450) are respectively formed on the inner walls on both sides of the partition lining strip (45). One inner wall of the limit groove (450) is arranged as an inclined surface (4501). A lock hole (4502) is formed on the inner wall of the inclined surface (4501). A locking member is arranged inside the lock hole (4502).

10. A high-efficiency shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 9, characterized in that: The locking member includes a lock rod (46) and a limit sleeve (462). The limit sleeve (462) is fixedly installed at both ends of the installation plate (44). An abutting elastic wire (463) is fixedly installed on the inner surface of the limit sleeve (462). The other end of the abutting elastic wire (463) is fixedly connected to one end of the lock rod (46). A pull rod (461) is fixedly installed at the end of the lock rod (46) far from the lock hole (4502). The cross section of the pull rod (461) is in a "T" - shaped structure. The outer surface of the pull rod (461) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limit sleeve (462).

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