A buffer shock test device and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of equipment testing technology, and specifically to a buffer shock test device and method. It comprises a support body, a spring 1 and a telescopic member are installed on the top of the support body, a pressure sensor is installed at the connection between the top of the support body and the spring 1; a positioning mechanism is fixedly installed on the telescopic end of the telescopic member; a lifting mechanism is installed on the top of the support body, an impact member is connected to the free end of the lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is used to pull the impact member to a specified height; the positioning mechanism is used to position and adjust the initial position of the impact member, and the spring 1 is located directly above the impact member; the bottom of the support body is used to place the buffer. The buffer shock test device can adjust the impact speed and impact acceleration of the impact member by changing the external force applied to the impact member and the mass of the impact member, thereby simulating extreme working conditions such as high-speed impact and multiple impacts, and verifying the performance redundancy of the buffer under extreme conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of equipment testing, and in particular to a buffer shock test device and method. Background Art

[0002] As a mechanical device, the primary function of a buffer is to control and reduce the speed and energy of mechanical components, thereby improving their safety during use. To simulate the sudden impacts encountered in actual use (such as collisions, explosions, earthquakes, and mechanical failures), testing agencies typically use fixed-parameter shock testing equipment to verify the performance of buffers before they are put into use. The core principle of this type of equipment is to apply a unidirectional impact load to the buffer by allowing an impact member of a preset mass to fall freely from a fixed height or to generate a constant acceleration through mechanical drive. However, this conventional approach has three significant limitations:

[0003] 1. Insufficient acceleration adjustment capability: Impact acceleration is limited by the mass of the impacting part, the release height, or the inherent characteristics of the driving mechanism. This makes it difficult to achieve dynamic and continuous acceleration adjustment, resulting in a narrow range of test conditions and an inability to accurately simulate complex and changing real-world impact environments (such as scenarios with different collision speeds and energy levels).

[0004] 2. Low test efficiency: The acceleration needs to be changed by physically replacing the mass of the impact part or adjusting the mechanical structure. The operation is cumbersome and time-consuming. Especially in multi-parameter combination tests, it is easy to introduce human errors, affecting data consistency.

[0005] 3. Single impact angle: Traditional equipment adopts a fixed direction impact mode and cannot adjust the impact angle according to the actual installation direction or load characteristics of the buffer.

[0006] In response to the second and third issues mentioned above, the applicant has proposed an innovative solution (see Chinese patent application No.: 202510205308.8, a device for testing the performance of a buffer). This solution designs a structure that can adjust the angle of the contact surface of the impact part, and adjusts its mass by injecting water into the impact part. This not only can accurately control the impact energy, but also solves the problem of narrow test coverage caused by the fixed impact mass and single angle of traditional equipment. At the same time, compared with physical replacement of the impact part or mechanical structure adjustment, water injection adjustment and electric angle control significantly simplify the parameter switching process and reduce testing time costs.

[0007] This application focuses on the dynamic adjustment capability of impact acceleration (achieved through dual paths of mass change and external force application). A search revealed that current shock absorber shock test equipment essentially performs shock tests on the shock absorber through the free fall of the impact member, and cannot arbitrarily adjust the acceleration of the impact member as needed. For example, a polyurethane shock absorber performance tester disclosed in a Chinese invention patent (CN117554110A) performs shock tests on polyurethane shock absorbers through free fall. Although a counter-following structure is designed into the structure, it only maintains the acceleration of the impact member. Therefore, the applicant has invented a shock absorber shock test device that can adjust the acceleration of the impact member, providing a high-precision testing environment for evaluating the performance of the shock absorber under complex working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a buffer shock test device and method, which can adjust the impact speed and impact acceleration of the impact part by changing the external force applied to the impact part and the mass of the impact part, thereby simulating extreme working conditions such as high-speed impact and multiple impacts, and verifying the performance redundancy of the buffer under extreme conditions.

[0009] The present invention is implemented as follows: a buffer shock test device includes a supporting body, a spring and a telescopic part are installed on the top of the supporting body, and a pressure sensor is installed at the connection between the top of the supporting body and the spring; a positioning mechanism is fixedly installed on the telescopic end of the telescopic part; a lifting mechanism is installed on the top of the supporting body, and the free end of the lifting mechanism is connected to an impact part, and the lifting mechanism is used to pull the impact part to a specified height; the positioning mechanism is used to position and adjust the initial position of the impact part, and the spring is located directly above the impact part; the bottom of the supporting body is used to place the buffer.

[0010] Furthermore, the positioning mechanism includes a circular positioning box, a gear ring, a driving mechanism, an equal number of racks, a positioning member and a driven gear; the top of the positioning box is connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic member, the gear ring is slidably installed on the inner wall of the positioning box, the rotating shafts of multiple driven gears are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the positioning box, the multiple driven gears are simultaneously meshed with the gear ring, the multiple driven gears correspond to and mesh with multiple racks, the rack is slidably connected to the side wall of the positioning box, the end of the rack close to the inner ring of the positioning box is fixedly connected to the positioning member, and the positioning member is slidably penetrated and arranged on the inner ring side wall of the positioning box; the positioning member can contact the impact member to position the impact member; the driving mechanism can simultaneously drive multiple driven gears to rotate simultaneously.

[0011] Furthermore, the driving mechanism includes a stepper motor 1 and a driving gear. The stepper motor 1 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning box. The output end of the stepper motor 1 is connected to the axis of the driving gear, and the driving gear is engaged with the gear ring.

[0012] Furthermore, a liquid pressurizing mechanism is installed on the top of the supporting body, and the inside of the impact piece is a cavity; the liquid pressurizing mechanism is connected to a diversion pipeline, which includes a main pipe, two branch pipes and a valve body; one end of the main pipe is connected to the liquid pressurizing mechanism, and the other end is connected to the two branch pipes, and the valve body is installed at the connection between the main pipe and the branch pipes; the end of one of the branch pipes away from the main pipe is connected to a hose, and the end of the hose away from the branch pipe is located in the internal cavity of the impact piece; the end of the other branch pipe away from the valve body is connected to the driving mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, the driving mechanism includes a pressurizing cylinder, a piston, a push rod, a second spring and a second rack. The pressurizing cylinder is installed on the outer wall of the positioning box, the piston is sealingly and slidingly arranged in the pressurizing cylinder, the two ends of the push rod are respectively connected to the piston and the second rack, the second rack is slidingly penetrated in the positioning box and meshes with one of the driven gears; the pressurizing cylinder is connected to the branch pipe; the second spring is sleeved on the push rod, and the two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the piston and the end of the pressurizing cylinder.

[0014] Furthermore, the valve body includes a spherical shell, a rotating ball and a second stepper motor; the shell is connected to the main pipe and two branch pipes at the same time, the rotating ball is installed in the shell, and the control end of the second stepper motor is connected to the rotating ball; an L-shaped channel is opened in the rotating ball, one end of the L-shaped channel is connected to the main pipe, and the other end can be connected to the two branch pipes respectively when the rotating ball rotates.

[0015] Furthermore, the top of the impact piece is a hollow bracket, and multiple sets of limit bolts are detachably installed on the side wall of the impact piece along its height direction. A sliding plate is provided for sealing and sliding inside the impact piece, and the end of the hose away from the branch pipe is located in the sealed space formed by the sliding plate and the impact piece.

[0016] Furthermore, the valve body includes a sealing plate, a limiting ring, a spring three and a support frame; the support frame and the limiting ring are fixedly installed in a branch pipe connected to the driving mechanism, the two ends of the spring three are respectively connected to the support frame and the sealing plate, and the sealing plate is tightly fitted with the limiting ring under the tension of the spring three; a return pipe is installed on the outer wall of the pressurized cylinder, the other end of the return pipe is connected to the liquid storage tank, and a valve is installed on the return pipe.

[0017] Furthermore, the liquid pressurizing mechanism includes a liquid storage tank and a bidirectional pump, and two ends of the bidirectional pump are connected to the liquid storage tank and the main pipe respectively.

[0018] The present invention also provides a test method for a buffer shock test, which tests the impact acceleration and the compression displacement of the spring by inputting a target impact velocity, as follows:

[0019] (1) Measure the acceleration of the impact piece at the moment of impact with the buffer. The calculation formula is:

[0020] ;

[0021] in, is the overall mass of the impact part, is the pulling force of the lifting mechanism, the unit is: , is the air resistance coefficient, is the air density, , is the windward area of the impact piece, unit: , The target impact velocity of the impact piece hitting the buffer, in units of: ;

[0022] (2) The calculation formula for the compression displacement of spring 10 is:

[0023] ;

[0024] ;

[0025] in, The distance between the bottom of the spring and the buffer when the spring is at its natural length, in units of: , The initial velocity given to the spring release, in units of: , The air resistance energy consumed by the impact part during the spring release phase, unit: , The energy consumed by the air resistance of the impact part during the free fall phase, in units of: , is the elastic constant of spring 1, in units of: , is the compression displacement of spring 1, in units of: .

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. Connecting the impact member to the lifting mechanism, and adjusting the compression of the impact member on the spring 1 through the positioning mechanism, thereby adjusting the speed at which the impact member impacts the buffer. In addition, the present application provides a method for testing a buffer shock test that can accurately determine the relationship between the speed and acceleration of the impact on the buffer and the initial deformation of the spring 1. Thus, when operating the device, the tester only needs to input the target impact speed, and the device will automatically adjust the compression displacement of the impact member on the spring 1 and calculate the impact acceleration, thereby simulating extreme working conditions such as high-speed impact and multiple impacts, and verifying the performance redundancy of the buffer under extreme conditions.

[0028] 2. The interior of the impact piece is set as a cavity, and liquid is injected into the impact piece by setting up a liquid pressurizing mechanism. At the same time, a pressurizing cylinder is installed on the outer wall of the positioning box, and a piston is installed in the pressurizing cylinder. The pressurizing cylinder is connected to the branch pipe. In this way, the mass of the entire impact piece can be adjusted by controlling the volume of liquid injected into the impact piece, thereby adjusting the impulse size of the buffer and the acceleration size at the moment of impact, thereby expanding the test working range. In addition, with this structure, not only can the liquid be used to adjust the overall mass of the impact piece, but the pressure of the liquid can also be directly used to release the impact piece by the positioning mechanism, simplifying the control process.

[0029] 3. Limit bolts are provided at different heights on the side wall of the impact member, and a sealed sliding plate is provided inside the impact member. The liquid outlet end of the hose is located in the sealed chamber formed by the sliding plate and the impact member. In this way, the highest position of the sliding plate can be adjusted by screwing the limit bolts at different heights, thereby adjusting the mass of the entire impact member. In addition, the present application also provides an elastic one-way valve structure on another branch pipe. When the chamber formed by the impact member and the sliding plate is filled with liquid, continuous pressurization by the liquid pressurizing mechanism allows the liquid to flush the valve body and enter the pressurizing cylinder, thereby causing the positioning member to move into the positioning box and release the impact member, further simplifying the control process.

[0030] 4. Connect multiple positioning members to rack 1 respectively, and multiple driven gears engage with the gear ring and also engage with the corresponding rack 1 respectively, so that the driving mechanism can control the movement of multiple positioning members at the same time, and realize the positioning and release of the impact member by the positioning mechanism;

[0031] 5. The pump body in the liquid pressurizing mechanism is set as a bidirectional pump. The two ends of the bidirectional pump are respectively connected to the liquid storage tank and the main pipe. It can not only inject the liquid in the liquid storage tank into the impact piece, but also draw the liquid in the impact piece back into the liquid storage tank, thereby realizing the overall quality adjustment of the impact piece. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a front view of a buffer shock test device provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of an impact member of a buffer shock test device provided by Example 1 of the present invention in an initial position;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of an impact member of a buffer shock test device provided in Example 1 of the present invention when impacting a buffer;

[0035] Figure 4 is a top cross-sectional view of the positioning mechanism provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 is a front cross-sectional view of a buffer shock test device provided by Example 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0038] Figure 7 is a top cross-sectional view of a positioning mechanism provided in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0040] Figure 9 is a top cross-sectional view of the positioning mechanism provided by Example 2 of the present invention when the positioning member is retracted into the positioning box;

[0041] Figure 10 is a front cross-sectional view of a buffer shock test device provided by Example 3 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0043] Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an impact member in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 13 is a top view of the impact member in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 14 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pressurized cylinder in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0046] Reference numerals in the above drawings:

[0047] Reference numerals in the above drawings:

[0048] 1. Top plate; 2. Support rod; 3. Bottom plate; 4. Buffer; 5. Positioning box; 6. Electric telescopic rod; 7. Cable; 8. Power transmission belt; 9. Roller; 10. Spring 1; 11. Impact member; 12. Positioning member; 13. Gear ring; 14. Rack 1; 15. Limit bolt; 16. Driving gear; 17. Driven gear; 18. Liquid storage tank; 19. Main pipe; 20. Bidirectional pump; 21. Branch pipe; 22. Hose; 23. Shell; 24. Rotating ball; 25. Stepper motor 2; 26. L-shaped channel; 27. Rack 2; 28. Pressurizing cylinder; 29. Piston; 30. Spring 2; 31. Push rod; 32. Return pipe; 33. Support frame; 34. Sealing plate; 35. Limiting ring; 36. Spring 3; 37. Sliding plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0050] The implementation of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0051] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of this embodiment correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. indicate the orientation or position relationship, they are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing the position relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting this patent. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0052] Reference Figures 1-14 The figure shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Example 1: A buffer shock test device includes a support body, which is mainly composed of a top plate 1, a bottom plate 3 and a support rod 2. The bottom of the support rod 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 3, and the top of the support rod 2 is fixedly connected to the top plate 1. The bottom plate 3 is mainly used to fix the buffer 4. A spring 10 and a pressure sensor (not marked in the figure) are fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the top plate 1. The pressure sensor can sense the elastic force of the spring 10. Two telescopic parts are also fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the top plate 1. In this embodiment, the telescopic part adopts an electric telescopic rod 6. The bottom of the electric telescopic rod 6 is a free end, and a positioning mechanism is fixedly installed on the free end. A lifting mechanism is fixedly installed on the top surface of the top plate 1. As shown in FIG. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the lifting mechanism primarily consists of two rollers 9, a power transmission belt 8, a motor (not labeled in the figure), and two cables 7. The two rollers 9 are mounted on the top surface of the top plate 1. The power transmission belt 8 is simultaneously sleeved onto the rotating shafts of both rollers 9. The motor's output end is connected to one of the rollers 9. Two cables 7 are wound around each roller 9, with their ends connected to the top of the impact member 11. In this embodiment, the motor can be a servo motor with a built-in high-precision encoder (such as a photoelectric encoder or a magnetic encoder) that provides real-time feedback on the rotor position and speed. Since the radius of the roller 9 is fixed, the instantaneous falling velocity of the impact member 11 can be measured in real time. It should be noted that the cables 7 are sufficiently long to ensure that the impact member 11 properly impacts the bumper 4 during its fall. In this embodiment, the impact member 11 is solid. In its initial state, the positioning mechanism uses a limiter to adjust the compression displacement of the impact member 11 on the spring 10. This allows the impact velocity of the impact member 11 on the bumper 4 to be varied by adjusting the compression of the spring 10.

[0054] The positioning mechanism of this embodiment is as follows Figure 2-Figure 4 As shown, it mainly consists of a positioning box 5, a gear ring 13, six racks 14, six driven gears 17, six positioning members 12, a driving gear 16, and a stepper motor 1. The positioning box 5 is annular, and the gear ring 13 is slidably embedded in the inner side wall of the outer ring of the positioning box 5. Six through slots are provided on the outer ring side wall of the positioning box 5 at equal arc length intervals. The six racks 14 are slidably set in the through slots, and the six racks 14 are located in the same plane, directly above the gear ring 13. The six driven gears 17 are simultaneously meshed with the gear ring 13, and the racks 14 and driven gears 17 correspond to and mesh with each other. The axis of the driving gear 16 is fixedly connected to the output end of the stepper motor 1, and the driving gear 16 meshes with the gear ring 13. In this way, when the stepper motor 1 drives the driving gear 16 to rotate, the driving gear 16 drives the gear ring 13 to rotate, thereby simultaneously driving the six racks 14 to slide. There are six through holes on the inner wall of the positioning box 5, and six positioning members 12 are respectively set in the six through holes, and the six positioning members 12 are respectively connected to the end of the rack 14, so that the six positioning members 12 can be adjusted at the same time. Figure 4 As shown, it is located in the vertical through slot in the middle of the positioning box 5. When the positioning box 5 moves upward, the six positioning members 12 can push the impact member 11 upward, causing it to compress the spring 10. When the rack 14 drives the positioning members 12 to slide into the positioning box 5, the positioning members 12 separate from the impact member 11, and the impact member 11 is ejected from the impact buffer 4 by the action of the spring 10.

[0055] Since the impact member 11 of this embodiment is a solid member, this embodiment mainly adjusts the target impact velocity of the impact member 11 hitting the buffer 4. In order to allow the tester to accurately adjust the impact velocity and acceleration of the impact member 11 when hitting the buffer 4, the acceleration calculation formula of the impact member 11 hitting the buffer 4 in the control system is:

[0056] ;

[0057] in, is the overall mass of the impact part, is the pulling force of the lifting mechanism, the unit is: , is the air resistance coefficient, is the air density, , is the windward area of the impact piece, unit: , The target impact velocity of the impact piece hitting the buffer, in units of: .

[0058] because 、 、 、 、 are known and constant values. When the tester enters the target impact velocity into the system When the vehicle is moving, the system can automatically calculate the corresponding acceleration value at the time of collision.

[0059] The calculation formula for calculating the compression displacement of spring 1 in the control system is:

[0060] ;

[0061] ;

[0062] in, The distance between the bottom of the spring and the buffer when the spring is at its natural length , The initial velocity given to the spring release , The energy consumed by the air resistance of the impact part during the spring release phase , The energy consumed by the air resistance of the impact part during the free fall phase , is the elastic constant of spring 1 , is the compression displacement of spring 1 .

[0063] Since the speed value of the motor is transmitted to the system in real time and the radius of the roller 9 is fixed, the real-time speed of the impact piece 11 can be calculated. During the equipment debugging, since the distance between the spring 10 and the buffer 4 is constant, the compression of the spring 10 can be calculated by the pressure sensor, so the speed can be calculated by measuring different and the corresponding The corresponding air resistance energy consumption of the entire process is calculated using the value and .

[0064] When testing, the tester only needs to enter the target impact speed , the system will consume the corresponding air resistance energy and Substituting into the above formula, the compression displacement of spring 10 can be calculated In this way, the control system can adjust the positioning mechanism so that the impact member 11 compresses the spring 10 to a specified compression displacement.

[0065] Example 2: A buffer shock test device, such as Figure 5-Figure 9 The main difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the driving method of the driving mechanism is different, and the impact member 11 is a hollow member. This embodiment uses a hydraulic method to drive the positioning member 12 of the positioning mechanism to move. This embodiment is equipped with a liquid storage tank 18 and a two-way pump 20 on the top surface of the top plate 1. One end of the two-way pump 20 is connected to the liquid storage tank 18, and the other end is connected to the main pipe 19. Figure 6 As shown, a valve body is connected between the main pipe 19 and two branch pipes 21. One of the branch pipes 21 is connected to a flexible hose 22, which is of sufficient length to prevent tension on the impact member 11 during its free fall. The end of the flexible hose 22 is located within the hollow cavity of the impact member 11 and at the bottom of the cavity. This allows liquid from the liquid storage tank 18 to be injected into the impact member 11 and also allows water to be withdrawn from the impact member 11 back into the liquid storage tank 18, thereby regulating the mass of the impact member 11. Furthermore, a flow meter (not shown) is installed in the main pipe 19 to accurately control the amount of liquid added. The end of the other branch pipe 21 is connected to the drive mechanism.

[0066] Combine Figure 7-Figure 9As shown, the drive mechanism of this embodiment primarily consists of a pressurizing cylinder 28, a piston 29, a second spring 30, a push rod 31, and a second rack 27. The pressurizing cylinder 28 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the positioning box 5, and its end is connected to the branch pipe 21. The piston 29 is slidably mounted within the pressurizing cylinder 28. The ends of the push rod 31 are respectively connected to the piston 29 and the second rack 27. The second rack 27 slides through the positioning box 5 and meshes with one of the driven wheels. The second spring 30 is sleeved onto the push rod 31. One end of the spring 30 is fixedly connected to the piston 29, and the other end is connected to the positioning box 5. When the liquid enters the pressurizing cylinder 28 from the branch pipe 21, the liquid pushes the push rod 31 and the rack 2 27 to slide forward under the pressurization of the two-way pump 20, and the rack 2 27 drives one of the driven gears 17 to rotate. When the driven gear 17 rotates, the other driven gears 17 are driven to rotate together through the action of the gear ring 13, thereby causing all the racks 14 and the positioning parts 12 to slide backward, thereby releasing the impact part 11.

[0067] Combine Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the valve body of this embodiment primarily consists of a spherical housing 23, a rotating sphere 24, and a second stepper motor 25. The main pipe 19 and two branch pipes 21 are fixedly mounted on the housing 23, with the angle between the main pipe 19 and the two branch pipes 21 being 90°. The rotating sphere 24 is disposed within the housing 23 and defines an L-shaped channel 26. The output end of the second stepper motor 25 is connected to the rotating sphere 24. One end of the L-shaped channel 26 is permanently connected to the main pipe 19, while the other end can be connected to each of the two branch pipes 21 as the rotating sphere 24 rotates.

[0068] After the tester sets the mass of impact piece 11, bidirectional pump 20 pressurizes liquid into impact piece 11. A flow meter records the injected liquid flow rate in real time. When impact piece 11 reaches the specified mass, stepper motor 25 drives rotating ball 24, and L-shaped channel 26 connects main pipe 19 with branch pipe 21, injecting liquid into pressurizing cylinder 28. This immediately releases impact piece 11. When the test is complete, bidirectional pump 20 pumps the liquid in pressurizing cylinder 28 and impact piece 11 back into liquid storage tank 18.

[0069] Since the mass of the impact member 11 in this embodiment can be adjusted, the acceleration calculation formula of the impact member 11 hitting the buffer 4 is tested in the control system:

[0070] ;

[0071] The impact acceleration of the impact piece 11 can be adjusted. When calculating the compression displacement value of the spring 10, the tester needs to input the specified mass of the impact piece 11 into the system.

[0072] Example 3: A buffer shock test device, such as Figure 10-14 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 mainly lies in the different structures of the valve body and the impact member 11. Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, a sliding plate 37 is installed on the inner wall of the impact member 11, and a sealed chamber is formed between the bottom surface of the sliding plate 37 and the impact member 11. Three groups of limit bolts 15 are set along the side wall of the impact member 11 along its height direction, and each group of limit bolts 15 has 4 limit bolts. By rotating the limit bolts 15, the ends of the limit bolts 15 are located inside the impact member 11, thereby limiting the position of the sliding plate 37 and adjusting the maximum volume of the sealed chamber. Each group of limit bolts 15 corresponds to the maximum volume of a sealed chamber. The end of the hose 22 is located in the sealed chamber. When liquid is injected into the sealed chamber, the liquid can push the sliding plate 37 to slide upward, so that the sliding plate 37 moves to the highest point. The top of the impact member 11 is set as a bracket, which is mainly used to squeeze the spring 10.

[0073] Combine Figure 11 As shown, the valve of this embodiment employs an elastic one-way valve structure and is mounted on a branch pipe 21 connected to a drive mechanism. Specifically, it comprises a support frame 33, a third spring 36, a sealing plate 34, and a retaining ring 35. The retaining ring 35 and support frame 33 are fixedly mounted on the inner sidewall of the branch pipe 21, with the ends of the third spring 36 connected to the sealing plate 34 and the support frame 33, respectively. Under normal conditions, the tension of the third spring 36 tightly secures the sealing plate 34 against the retaining ring 35.

[0074] After the tester adjusts the stop bolt 15, liquid is pressurized into the impact member 11, and the sliding plate 37 slides upward under the action of the liquid. When the sliding plate 37 contacts the stop bolt 15, the bidirectional pump 20 continues to pressurize. At this time, the liquid will break through the sealing plate 34 and enter the pressurization cylinder 28, causing the positioning mechanism to release the impact member 11. This structure further simplifies the control process.

[0075] To allow the liquid in the pressurizing cylinder 28 to return to the liquid storage tank 18, a return pipe 32 is connected between the pressurizing cylinder 28 and the liquid storage tank 18 in this embodiment. The length of the return pipe 32 does not affect the raising and lowering of the positioning mechanism. A valve (not shown) is also installed on the return pipe 32. When the liquid returns, the valve opens, and the piston 29, under the elastic force of the spring 2 30, returns the liquid to the liquid storage tank 18.

[0076] The impact acceleration and impact velocity as well as the corresponding spring compression displacement are tested in this embodiment in the same manner as in embodiment 2.

[0077] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A buffer shock test device, comprising a support body, characterized in that: A spring (10) and a telescopic member are installed on the top of the support body, and a pressure sensor is installed at the connection between the top of the support body and the spring (10); a positioning mechanism is fixedly installed on the telescopic end of the telescopic member; a lifting mechanism is installed on the top of the support body, and an impact member (11) is connected to the free end of the lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is used to pull the impact member (11) to a specified height; the positioning mechanism is used to position and adjust the initial position of the impact member (11), and the spring (10) is located directly above the impact member (11); the bottom of the support body is used to place a buffer (4); The positioning mechanism comprises a circular positioning box (5), a gear ring (13), a driving mechanism, a number of racks (14), a positioning member (12) and a driven gear (17); the top of the positioning box (5) is connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic member, the gear ring (13) is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the positioning box (5), the rotating shafts of the plurality of driven gears (17) are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the positioning box (5), the plurality of driven gears (17) are meshed with the gear ring (13) at the same time, and the plurality of driven gears (17) are meshed with the gear ring (13) at the same time. 17) corresponds to and meshes with multiple racks (14), racks (14) are slidably connected to the side wall of the positioning box (5), the end of rack (14) close to the inner ring of the positioning box (5) is fixedly connected to the positioning member (12), and the positioning member (12) is slidably penetrated and arranged on the inner ring side wall of the positioning box (5); the positioning member (12) can contact with the impact member (11) to position the impact member (11); the driving mechanism can simultaneously drive multiple driven gears (17) to rotate simultaneously.

2. The buffer shock test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism includes a stepper motor 1 and a driving gear (16). The stepper motor 1 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning box (5). The output end of the stepper motor 1 is connected to the axis of the driving gear (16). The driving gear (16) is meshed with the gear ring (13).

3. The buffer shock test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A liquid pressurizing mechanism is installed on the top of the supporting body, and the interior of the impact member (11) is a cavity; the liquid pressurizing mechanism is connected to a diversion pipeline, and the diversion pipeline includes a main pipe (19), two branch pipes (21) and a valve body; one end of the main pipe (19) is connected to the liquid pressurizing mechanism, and the other end is connected to the two branch pipes (21), and the valve body is installed at the connection between the main pipe (19) and the branch pipes (21); the end of one of the branch pipes (21) away from the main pipe (19) is connected to a hose (22), and the end of the hose (22) away from the branch pipe (21) is located in the internal cavity of the impact member (11); the end of the other branch pipe (21) away from the valve body is connected to the driving mechanism.

4. The buffer shock test equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a pressurizing cylinder (28), a piston (29), a push rod (31), a second spring (30) and a second rack (27). The pressurizing cylinder (28) is mounted on the outer wall of the positioning box (5). The piston (29) is sealingly and slidably arranged in the pressurizing cylinder (28). The two ends of the push rod (31) are respectively connected to the piston (29) and the second rack (27). The second rack (27) is slidably penetrated and arranged in the positioning box (5) and meshed with one of the driven gears (17). The pressurizing cylinder (28) is connected to the branch pipe (21). The second spring (30) is sleeved on the push rod (31). The two ends of the spring (30) are respectively connected to the piston (29) and the end of the pressurizing cylinder (28).

5. A buffer shock test device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The valve body comprises a spherical shell (23), a rotating ball (24) and a second stepping motor (25); the shell (23) is connected to the main pipe (19) and the two branch pipes (21) at the same time, the rotating ball (24) is installed in the shell (23), and the control end of the second stepping motor (25) is connected to the rotating ball (24); an L-shaped channel (26) is opened in the rotating ball (24), one end of the L-shaped channel (26) is kept in communication with the main pipe (19), and the other end can be respectively communicated with the two branch pipes (21) when the rotating ball (24) rotates.

6. The buffer shock test equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the impact member (11) is a hollow bracket, and a plurality of groups of limit bolts (15) are detachably installed on the side wall of the impact member (11) along its height direction. A sliding plate (37) is provided in the impact member (11) for sealing and sliding. The end of the hose (22) away from the branch pipe (21) is located in a sealed space formed by the sliding plate (37) and the impact member (11).

7. The buffer shock test equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The valve body comprises a sealing plate (34), a limiting ring (35), a spring (36) and a support frame (33); the support frame (33) and the limiting ring (35) are fixedly installed in a branch pipe (21) connected to a driving mechanism, the two ends of the spring (36) are respectively connected to the support frame (33) and the sealing plate (34), and the sealing plate (34) is tightly fitted with the limiting ring (35) under the pulling force of the spring (36); a return pipe (32) is installed on the outer wall of the pressurizing cylinder (28), the other end of the return pipe (32) is connected to the liquid storage tank (18), and a valve is installed on the return pipe (32).

8. The buffer shock test equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The liquid pressurizing mechanism comprises a liquid storage tank (18) and a bidirectional pump (20), and both ends of the bidirectional pump (20) are respectively connected to the liquid storage tank (18) and the main pipe (19).

9. A test method for a buffer shock test, characterized in that: The test method is applied to the buffer shock test equipment described in any of claims 1-8. The test method tests the impact acceleration and the compression displacement of the spring (10) by inputting the target impact velocity, as follows: (1) Measure the acceleration of the impact member (11) at the moment of impact with the buffer. The calculation formula is: ； in, is the overall mass of the impact part, is the pulling force of the lifting mechanism, the unit is: , is the air resistance coefficient, is the air density, , is the windward area of the impact piece, unit: , The target impact velocity of the impact piece hitting the buffer, in units of: ; (2) The calculation formula for the compression displacement of spring 1 (10) is: ； ； in, The distance between the bottom of the spring and the buffer when the spring is at its natural length, in units of: , The initial velocity given to the spring release, in units of: , The air resistance energy consumed by the impact part during the spring release phase, unit: , The energy consumed by the air resistance of the impact part during the free fall phase, in units of: , is the elastic constant of spring 1, in units of: , is the compression displacement of spring 1, in units of: .

Images