A real-time broken strand monitoring system for ground wire horizontal force and tension test

Abstract

The present invention provides a real-time strand breakage monitoring system for a ground wire during a horizontal force tension test, and relates to the technical field of ground wire tension testing. The real-time strand breakage monitoring system for a ground wire during a horizontal force tension test of the present invention integrates a tension testing device, a strand breakage monitoring device, and a data processing and display device, wherein the data processing and display device are wirelessly connected to the tension testing device and the strand breakage monitoring device, so as to achieve real-time monitoring of the strand breakage of the ground wire while performing a horizontal tension test on the ground wire. The flaw detection data and the image data are combined through data processing, the strand breakage critical value of the ground wire is comprehensively analyzed, and the node data is output when the strand breakage actually occurs. The main data of the horizontal force test is marked with the strand breakage position through the node data, the strand breakage is discovered in time and an alarm is issued, thereby effectively improving the accuracy and reliability of the tension test and having strong generalizability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ground wire tension testing, in particular to a ground wire horizontal tension testing real-time strand breakage monitoring system. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the power industry, the quality and performance requirements for wires and cables are becoming increasingly stringent. During their production and use, the mechanical properties of wires must be rigorously tested to ensure they can withstand certain tensile forces without breaking or breaking. In transmission lines, ground wire, a shortened form of conductor and ground wire, is used to calculate parameters such as the tensile force between two steel towers. Ground wire plays a crucial role in the design and construction of transmission lines.

[0003] Traditional tensile testing methods primarily use a tensile testing machine to stretch ground conductors and record the relationship between tension and elongation to evaluate their mechanical properties. However, this method cannot monitor whether the ground conductors are broken in real time during the test. Broken conductors can only be determined after the test through visual inspection or simple electrical testing. This not only affects test efficiency but can also lead to misinterpretation of test results.

[0004] During a ground conductor tensile test, if the tensile overload exceeds the conductor's tolerance, the multiple strands that make up the conductor may break. Even if the test continues, the conductor is already damaged, resulting in skewed data. Due to a lack of monitoring for broken strands, the test data does not correspond to the condition of the conductor, making the data ineffective.

[0005] Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a system that can monitor the broken strands in real time during the horizontal force and tension test of the ground conductor. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a real-time broken strand monitoring system for a ground conductor during a horizontal force tension test, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the broken strand of the ground conductor cannot be monitored in real time during the tension test.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts a technical solution: providing a real-time broken strand monitoring system for a ground wire horizontal tension test, comprising:

[0008] A tensile testing device, a strand breakage monitoring device, and a data processing and display device; the data processing and display device are wirelessly connected to the tensile testing device and the strand breakage monitoring device respectively;

[0009] The tension testing device is used to apply tension to the ground wire and measure the magnitude of the tension and the elongation of the ground wire;

[0010] The strand breakage monitoring device is used to monitor the breakage of the ground wire in real time during the tension test, and includes an image acquisition module, a sound acquisition module, an ultrasonic transmission module, and an electromagnetic induction module. The image acquisition module is used to capture images of the ground wire; the sound acquisition module is used to collect sound signals generated by the ground wire under tension; the ultrasonic transmission module is used to transmit ultrasonic flaw detection to obtain damage to the ground wire; and the electromagnetic induction module is used to detect changes in the electromagnetic properties of the ground wire. The strand breakage monitoring device transmits the collected images, sounds, damage conditions, and electromagnetic signals to a data processing and display device.

[0011] The data processing and display device is used to receive signals transmitted by the tension testing device and the strand breakage monitoring device, perform data processing and analysis, and display the tension magnitude, elongation and strand breakage monitoring results in real time.

[0012] Preferably, the tensile testing device includes a horizontal tensile machine, a clamp, a tensile sensor and an elongation measuring device; the horizontal tensile machine is used to provide tension; the clamp is used to fix the two ends of the ground wire; the tensile sensor is used to measure the magnitude of the tension and transmit the tensile signal to the data processing and display device; the elongation measuring device is used to measure the elongation of the ground wire under the action of tension, and transmit the elongation signal to the data processing and display device.

[0013] Preferably, the data processing and display device includes a signal processing unit, a data analysis unit and a display unit; the signal processing unit is used to preprocess the tension signal, elongation signal, image signal, sound signal and electromagnetic signal, and the preprocessing steps include filtering, amplification and analog-to-digital conversion; the data analysis unit is used to determine whether the ground wire is broken based on the preprocessed signal through image recognition algorithm, sound analysis algorithm and electromagnetic characteristic analysis algorithm; the display unit is used to display the tension size, elongation curve and broken wire monitoring results in real time, including the location, quantity and time information of the broken wire.

[0014] Preferably, when determining whether a strand is broken, the data analysis unit comprehensively considers the image recognition results, the sound analysis results, and the electromagnetic characteristics analysis results, and makes a comprehensive judgment based on the set logic and thresholds. The specific steps include:

[0015] A high-speed camera is used to capture images of the ground conductors. After preprocessing the images, the images are converted into binary images using the Ostu automatic thresholding method. The shape features of the ground conductors are extracted from the binary images. The extracted features are then sent to a pre-trained neural network for recognition. If the output result is inconsistent with the normal situation, it indicates that the conductors are broken.

[0016] The sound sensor collects the sound signal generated by the ground wire under tension, analyzes the spectrum and amplitude characteristics of the sound signal, extracts characteristic parameters related to strand breakage, and compares the extracted characteristic parameters with the pre-set strand breakage sound characteristic pattern. If a match is successful, it is determined that a strand breakage has occurred.

[0017] The ultrasonic transmitter generates ultrasonic waves to detect the ground wire. The presence of defects, the type of defects, and the severity of the defects are determined based on the amplitude, shape, and position of the ultrasonic signal. The defects are accurately located and quantitatively analyzed to determine the specific location and size of the defects.

[0018] The electromagnetic induction coil is used to detect changes in the electromagnetic characteristics of the ground wire, and the extracted electromagnetic characteristics are compared with a pre-set threshold. If the threshold is exceeded, it is determined that the ground wire is broken.

[0019] A comprehensive judgment on whether strand breakage occurs is made based on image recognition, sound analysis, ultrasonic flaw detection and electromagnetic characteristics.

[0020] More preferably, the specific steps of the comprehensive judgment include:

[0021] The features of image recognition, sound analysis, ultrasonic flaw detection and electromagnetic characteristics are integrated to form a comprehensive feature vector, which is then judged using pre-set logic and thresholds.

[0022]

[0023] Among them, Threshold represents the preset threshold, α represents the probability of broken stock determined by image recognition, W1 represents the weight of image recognition, β represents the probability of broken stock determined by sound analysis, W2 represents the weight of sound analysis, γ represents the probability of broken stock determined by ultrasonic flaw detection, W3 represents the weight of ultrasonic flaw detection, δ represents the probability of broken stock determined by electromagnetic characteristics, and W4 represents the weight of electromagnetic characteristics.

[0024] Preferably, the image acquisition module also includes a lighting device for providing auxiliary lighting for the high-speed camera in insufficient light conditions; the sound acquisition module also includes a sound amplifier for amplifying the sound signal collected by the sound sensor; the electromagnetic induction module also includes a signal conditioning circuit for conditioning the electromagnetic signal detected by the electromagnetic induction coil, including filtering and amplification.

[0025] More preferably, the display unit is further configured to emit an audible and visual alarm signal when a strand break occurs.

[0026] Preferably, the system further comprises a data storage unit for storing all data and monitoring results during the tensile test.

[0027] Preferably, the system further comprises a self-calibration module for automatically calibrating the tension sensor, the elongation measuring device, the image acquisition module, the sound acquisition module, the ultrasonic transmission module and the electromagnetic induction module before each test.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] This system monitors for broken strands in real time during testing, promptly detecting and issuing an alarm. This prevents safety incidents caused by subsequent use of broken wires and ensures accurate and reliable test results. Traditional methods require the completion of testing to determine if a strand break has occurred. If a break is detected, much of the previous test data becomes invalid and requires retesting. This system monitors in real time, immediately alarming and recording data upon a strand break, avoiding ineffective testing, saving time and labor, and improving work efficiency. The system integrates multiple monitoring methods, including image acquisition, sound acquisition, and electromagnetic induction, to obtain strand break information from multiple dimensions. Even if a monitoring module is interfered with, the system can still accurately determine the presence of broken strands based on other information, ensuring reliable strand break detection and reducing the risk of misjudgment. The system also features a self-calibration function, automatically calibrating each sensor before each test to ensure proper working order and accurate data. This reduces manual calibration errors and workload, improves test data reliability, and ensures stable system operation. It also provides a strand break prediction model that effectively predicts strand breaks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a framework diagram of a real-time broken strand monitoring system for a ground wire horizontal force and tension test according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 It is a framework diagram of the data processing and display device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention relates to a real-time broken strand monitoring system for a ground conductor horizontal tension test, comprising:

[0033] A tensile testing device, a strand breakage monitoring device, and a data processing and display device; the data processing and display device are wirelessly connected to the tensile testing device and the strand breakage monitoring device respectively;

[0034] The tension testing device is used to apply tension to the ground wire and measure the magnitude of the tension and the elongation of the ground wire;

[0035] The tensile testing device includes a horizontal tensile machine, a clamp, a tensile sensor and an elongation measuring device; the horizontal tensile machine is used to provide tension; the clamp is used to fix the two ends of the ground wire; the tensile sensor is used to measure the magnitude of the tension and transmit the tensile signal to the data processing and display device; the elongation measuring device is used to measure the elongation of the ground wire under the action of tension and transmit the elongation signal to the data processing and display device.

[0036] The broken strand monitoring device is used to monitor the broken strands of the ground wire in real time during the tension test, and includes an image acquisition module, a sound acquisition module, an ultrasonic transmission module and an electromagnetic induction module; the image acquisition module includes a high-speed camera installed on the side of the ground wire, used to take an image of the ground wire and transmit the image signal to the data processing and display device; the sound acquisition module includes a sound sensor installed around the ground wire, used to collect the sound signal generated by the ground wire under the action of tension, and transmit the sound signal to the data processing and display device; the ultrasonic transmission module includes an ultrasonic transmitter, used to transmit ultrasonic flaw detection and obtain the damage status of the ground wire; the electromagnetic induction module includes an electromagnetic induction coil, which is sleeved on the outside of the ground wire, used to detect changes in the electromagnetic characteristics of the ground wire and transmit the electromagnetic signal to the data processing and display device;

[0037] The data processing and display device is used to receive signals transmitted by the tension testing device and the strand breakage monitoring device, perform data processing and analysis, and display the tension magnitude, elongation and strand breakage monitoring results in real time.

[0038] The data processing and display device includes a signal processing unit, a data analysis unit and a display unit; the signal processing unit is used to preprocess the tension signal, elongation signal, image signal, sound signal and electromagnetic signal, and the preprocessing steps include filtering, amplification and analog-to-digital conversion; the data analysis unit is used to determine whether the ground wire is broken based on the preprocessed signal through image recognition algorithm, sound analysis algorithm and electromagnetic characteristic analysis algorithm; the display unit is used to display the tension size, elongation curve and broken wire monitoring results in real time, including the location, quantity and time information of the broken wire.

[0039] When determining whether a stock is broken, the data analysis unit comprehensively considers the image recognition results, sound analysis results, and electromagnetic characteristics analysis results, and makes a comprehensive judgment based on the set logic and thresholds. The specific steps include:

[0040] A high-speed camera is used to capture images of the ground conductors. After preprocessing the images, the images are converted into binary images using the Ostu automatic thresholding method. The shape features of the ground conductors are extracted from the binary images. The extracted features are then sent to a pre-trained neural network for recognition. If the output result is inconsistent with the normal situation, it indicates that the conductors are broken.

[0041] A binary image is one in which there are only two grayscale levels. This means that every pixel in the image has a grayscale value of either 0 or 255. This means that the image information consists of the formulas r = [255 0 0] and g = [0 255 0], representing black and white, respectively. Selecting an appropriate threshold segmentation method divides the grayscale image into a black and white binary image. In a binary image, the grayscale value of the ground wire pixel is 0, while the grayscale value of the background pixel is 255, making the ground wire clearly distinguishable from the background.

[0042] Because the original true-color image contains multiple colors, the original RGB image is binarized using a normalized thresholding method. The binary image is scanned column by column, and the number of grayscale value transitions in each column is counted. If the number of grayscale value transitions exceeds 2, a broken strand fault may exist. Further analysis of the location and form of the grayscale value transitions, combined with the geometric shape and physical properties of the ground conductor, determines whether a broken strand exists and determines its location and range.

[0043] Under normal conditions, the ground wire is complete and continuous. After the ground wire image is binarized, the ground wire generally presents a relatively regular shape in the image, and the number of grayscale value jumps at its edge is relatively fixed.

[0044] For example, for a ground conductor with a circular cross-section, its edge will appear as a relatively smooth curve in the binary image, and the grayscale value will jump from 255 of the background to 0 of the ground conductor, and then jump back from 0 to 255. The number of such jumps is relatively fixed in the case of a complete ground conductor.

[0045] When a ground wire breaks, its integrity is compromised, resulting in gaps or discontinuous areas at the break. In a binary image, these gaps cause the previously continuous ground wire region to be segmented into multiple parts. During column-by-column scanning, these segmented areas result in increased grayscale transitions. Specifically, in addition to the two normal grayscale transitions at the ground wire edge, the gaps at the break result in additional grayscale transitions.

[0046] For example, if the gap at the broken strand divides the ground conductor into two parts, then in a certain column of scans, there may be a jump from the background to the ground conductor, then a jump from the ground conductor to the gap, then a jump from the gap to the other part of the ground conductor, and finally a jump from the ground conductor to the background. In this way, there will be four grayscale value jumps in this column, which is significantly greater than the normal two.

[0047] When scanning a binary image column by column, the number of grayscale value transitions in each column is counted. If the number of grayscale value transitions in a column exceeds two, it indicates an abnormal grayscale value variation within that column, likely due to a broken strand, which has caused the ground conductor area to be segmented. Therefore, a grayscale value transition greater than two can be used as a preliminary criterion for the presence of a broken strand. Furthermore, by combining information such as the location and shape of the grayscale value transitions, the location and extent of the broken strand can be more accurately determined.

[0048] For example, in a single scan, the grayscale values of the pixels are 255 (background), 0 (ground conductor), 255 (background), 0 (ground conductor), and 255 (background). In this case, the grayscale value jumps from 255 to 0, then from 0 to 255, then from 255 to 0, and finally from 0 to 255, for a total of four jumps. This is more than the normal two jumps, indicating that the ground conductor in this column is discontinuous, meaning it may be broken.

[0049] In addition, the present invention also provides an algorithm that, when a broken strand is found by scanning a binary image column by column, calculates the energy difference of the image frame to perform a secondary determination of whether a broken strand is present:

[0050]

[0051] Where e represents the energy level of the pixel, t represents time, τ represents the mean adjustment coefficient of linear change, ρ represents the variance adjustment coefficient of linear change, and x and y represent the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the pixel, respectively.

[0052] When e is greater than the stress energy threshold of the ground wire material, it is judged as a broken strand. By using different methods at two levels of the present invention to determine whether a broken strand exists, the probability of systematic error can be effectively reduced. The difference between the two judgments can become a basis for improvement and be input into the LSTM mathematical model to improve prediction accuracy.

[0053] The sound sensor collects the sound signal generated by the ground wire under tension, analyzes the spectrum and amplitude characteristics of the sound signal, extracts characteristic parameters related to strand breakage, and compares the extracted characteristic parameters with the pre-set strand breakage sound characteristic pattern. If a match is successful, it is determined that a strand breakage has occurred.

[0054] The ultrasonic transmitter generates ultrasonic waves to detect the ground wire. The presence of defects, the type of defects, and the severity of the defects are determined based on the amplitude, shape, and position of the ultrasonic signal. The defects are accurately located and quantitatively analyzed to determine the specific location and size of the defects.

[0055] Ultrasonic flaw testing is a nondestructive testing method that uses the propagation and reflection characteristics of ultrasonic waves within ground conductors to detect internal defects. When ultrasonic waves encounter a defect within the ground conductor, they produce a reflected wave. By analyzing the characteristics of this reflected wave, the location and nature of the defect can be determined.

[0056] When the ultrasonic signal encounters a defect within the ground conductor (such as a broken strand or crack), it generates a reflected wave. The ultrasonic probe simultaneously receives these reflected ultrasonic signals. The data analysis unit determines whether the ground conductor has a broken strand or other defect based on the ultrasonic signal analysis results and transmits the result to the display unit. The display unit displays the ultrasonic inspection results in real time, including information such as the defect location and size.

[0057] The electromagnetic induction coil is used to detect changes in the electromagnetic characteristics of the ground wire, and the extracted electromagnetic characteristics are compared with a pre-set threshold. If the threshold is exceeded, it is determined that the ground wire is broken.

[0058] The electromagnetic induction module's induction coil is placed around the ground wire to detect changes in its electromagnetic properties. When a ground wire breaks, its electromagnetic properties change, causing the induction coil to generate a signal. This signal is processed by a conditioning circuit and transmitted to a data processing and display device, which analyzes the signal to determine if the wire is broken.

[0059] A comprehensive judgment on whether strand breakage occurs is made based on image recognition, sound analysis, ultrasonic flaw detection and electromagnetic characteristics.

[0060] The specific steps of comprehensive judgment include:

[0061] The features of image recognition, sound analysis, ultrasonic flaw detection and electromagnetic characteristics are integrated to form a comprehensive feature vector, which is then judged using pre-set logic and thresholds.

[0062]

[0063] Among them, Threshold represents the preset threshold, α represents the probability of broken stock determined by image recognition, W1 represents the weight of image recognition, β represents the probability of broken stock determined by sound analysis, W2 represents the weight of sound analysis, γ represents the probability of broken stock determined by ultrasonic flaw detection, W3 represents the weight of ultrasonic flaw detection, δ represents the probability of broken stock determined by electromagnetic characteristics, and W4 represents the weight of electromagnetic characteristics.

[0064] The present invention also provides an LSTM mathematical model based on LSTM as the core, combined with dynamic parameter optimization and multimodal data fusion technology, for predicting ground wire breakage. The construction process is as follows:

[0065] Input data includes tension △F, ground wire length l, ground wire diameter d, ground wire deformation length △x, sound signal s, ultrasonic flaw detection reflection signal G, and electromagnetic characteristic changes including resistance R, current I, voltage U, magnetic flux φ, local resistance fluctuation rate σR, current density J, etc.

[0066] Key feature selection:

[0067] Abnormal tensile force characteristics: The calculation formula for the tensile force mutation coefficient is as follows:

[0068] ,

[0069] The tension gradient is calculated as follows:

[0070]

[0071] △t represents the pulling time, F t The calculation formula of △F is as follows:

[0072] ,

[0073] Resistance fluctuation characteristics: the ratio of the local resistance standard deviation σ_R to the mean μ_R / σ_R,

[0074] Resistance fluctuation rate σR:

[0075]

[0076] Where μr represents the reference resistance value, N represents the number of resistors in the ground wire, R i It represents the value of the i-th resistor in the ground wire. A sudden increase of 50% in σR indicates that the ground wire breaks due to metal fatigue.

[0077] Ultrasonic damage characteristics: damage reflection signal c_G,

[0078] The number of image grayscale value jumps, judge whether Jump_2 is greater than 2,

[0079] Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for dimensionality reduction, and the first three principal components (cumulative contribution rate ≥ 85%) were extracted as LSTM input;

[0080] Model training and inference

[0081] LSTM network structure:

[0082] Input layer: time window size (T=10, determined by particle swarm optimization);

[0083] Hidden layer: 2 layers of LSTM units (number of neurons 12 / 22, optimized by PSO);

[0084] Output layer: Sigmoid function outputs the probability of stock breaking (P∈[0,1]);

[0085] Hyperparameter optimization: The following parameters are optimized using the adaptive particle swarm optimization (PSO):

[0086] Time window size (T∈[1,20]);

[0087] batch size (B∈[1,60]);

[0088] learning rate (η∈[0.001,0.01]);

[0089] Use weighted cross entropy loss to balance positive and negative samples (the proportion of stock breaking events is usually <5%).

[0090] Then through dynamic calibration and early warning output:

[0091] Switch to the reference wire for calibration every 24 hours to correct the sensor drift error, and recalibrate the tension sensor, elongation measurement device, image acquisition module, sound acquisition module, ultrasonic transmission module and electromagnetic induction module.

[0092] Calibration formula:

[0093]

[0094] Among them, P 修正 represents the warning probability after calibration correction, P 原始 represents the warning probability before calibration correction, σ 校准 Denotes the predicted tensile test deviation value, σ 实测 It indicates the actual tensile test deviation value, and then sets the warning threshold. For example, the first-level warning (P≥0.5) indicates that the ground wire is about to break, and the abnormal area is located through the image acquisition module, sound acquisition module, ultrasonic transmission module and electromagnetic induction module; the second-level warning (P≥0.7) indicates that the ground wire has broken, and the machine is forced to stop and trigger the sound and light alarm.

[0095] Multimodal data fusion: Integrate multi-dimensional parameters such as tension, resistance, temperature, and strain field to improve prediction accuracy.

[0096] Through multimodal data fusion and intelligent analysis, this system provides early warning of conductor strand breakage, effectively predicting ground conductor strand breakage and providing a valuable reference for experimental analysis. This intelligent, high-precision, and robust design addresses the issues of traditional detection methods, such as lag, reliance on single-dimensional data, and frequent manual intervention. It has significant application value in fields such as power, transportation, and new energy. Its technical framework and effectiveness have been verified through field measurements of ground conductor harnesses, demonstrating its potential for large-scale adoption.

[0097] The signal processing unit is responsible for preprocessing the tension, elongation, image, sound, and electromagnetic signals, including filtering, amplification, and analog-to-digital conversion, to ensure signal quality and accuracy. The data analysis unit, the core component of the system, analyzes the preprocessed signals using a combination of image recognition, sound analysis, and electromagnetic characteristic analysis algorithms to determine whether the ground conductor has broken. For example, the image recognition algorithm analyzes images captured by a high-speed camera to identify changes in the ground conductor's morphology and determine if a break has occurred. The sound analysis algorithm performs spectral analysis on the sound signal to identify the unique frequency and amplitude characteristics of a break. The electromagnetic characteristic analysis algorithm uses changes in the electromagnetic signal detected by the electromagnetic induction coil to determine the integrity of the ground conductor. By combining these three analysis results and applying them to predefined logic and thresholds, the data analysis unit can accurately determine the occurrence of a break and determine information such as the location, number, and time of the break. The display unit displays the tension level, elongation curve, and break monitoring results in real time, including the location, number, and time of the break. At the same time, when a strand break occurs, the display unit will also send out an audible and visual alarm signal to remind the operator to deal with it in time.

[0098] The image acquisition module also includes a lighting device for providing auxiliary lighting for the high-speed camera in insufficient light conditions; the sound acquisition module also includes a sound amplifier for amplifying the sound signal collected by the sound sensor; the electromagnetic induction module also includes a signal conditioning circuit for conditioning the electromagnetic signal detected by the electromagnetic induction coil, including filtering and amplification.

[0099] The display unit is also used to send out audible and visual alarm signals when strand breakage occurs, reminding operators to deal with it in time.

[0100] The system also includes a data storage unit for storing all data and monitoring results during the tensile test for subsequent query and analysis.

[0101] The system is equipped with a data storage unit that fully records test data and monitoring results, facilitating subsequent query, analysis, and quality traceability. Where conditions permit, a remote control function is also provided, allowing operators to control and monitor the system remotely via the network without being present on-site, enhancing testing convenience and flexibility. This is particularly suitable for simultaneous testing of multiple devices or in harsh environments.

[0102] The system also has a self-calibration function, which automatically calibrates the tension sensor, elongation measurement device, image acquisition module, sound acquisition module, ultrasonic transmission module and electromagnetic induction module before each test.

[0103] To ensure the accuracy and reliability of test data, the system also features a self-calibration function. Before each test, the system automatically calibrates the tension sensor, elongation measurement device, image acquisition module, sound acquisition module, and electromagnetic induction module. This self-calibration process includes zero point calibration, span calibration, and sensitivity calibration for each sensor. By comparing and adjusting the data against a known standard, each sensor ensures accurate data during testing.

[0104] The working principle of the system of the present invention is as follows:

[0105] In practice, the operator first installs the ground conductor to be tested on the fixture of the tensile testing device, ensuring it is securely fastened. Then, the tensile test parameters, such as the force, loading speed, and test duration, are set using the data processing and display device. The system automatically performs a self-calibration before the test, and after calibration, the tensile test is initiated. The horizontal tensile testing machine applies tension to the ground conductor according to the set parameters. Simultaneously, the tension sensor and elongation measurement device measure the force and elongation in real time, transmitting the signals to the data processing and display device. The image acquisition module, sound acquisition module, ultrasonic transmission module, and electromagnetic induction module in the strand breakage monitoring device simultaneously operate, capturing images, sounds, damage status, and electromagnetic signals from the ground conductor in real time, and transmitting them to the data processing and display device. The signal processing unit in the data processing and display device preprocesses these signals, and the data analysis unit then performs a comprehensive analysis to determine whether a strand break has occurred. Once a strand break is detected, the display unit immediately displays relevant information and issues an audible and visual alarm.

[0106] At the same time, the set LSTM mathematical model can also predict the broken strands of the ground wire in real time, so that testers can observe the predicted broken strand locations in advance; the data storage unit stores all data and monitoring results of the entire test process for subsequent query and analysis.

[0107] The real-time broken strand monitoring system for the ground wire horizontal force tension test of the present invention integrates multiple monitoring technologies to achieve all-round and multi-dimensional real-time monitoring of the ground wire during the tension test, ensuring timely and accurate detection of broken strands and guaranteeing the reliability and safety of the test results.

[0108] The above embodiments are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary engineering technicians in this field should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time broken strand monitoring system for a ground conductor horizontal tension test, characterized in that: include: A tensile testing device, a strand breakage monitoring device, and a data processing and display device; the data processing and display device are wirelessly connected to the tensile testing device and the strand breakage monitoring device respectively; The tension testing device is used to apply tension to the ground wire and measure the magnitude of the tension and the elongation of the ground wire; The strand breakage monitoring device is used to monitor the breakage of the ground wire in real time during the tension test, and includes an image acquisition module, a sound acquisition module, an ultrasonic transmission module, and an electromagnetic induction module. The image acquisition module is used to capture images of the ground wire; the sound acquisition module is used to collect sound signals generated by the ground wire under tension; the ultrasonic transmission module is used to transmit ultrasonic flaw detection to obtain damage to the ground wire; and the electromagnetic induction module is used to detect changes in the electromagnetic properties of the ground wire. The strand breakage monitoring device transmits the collected images, sounds, damage conditions, and electromagnetic signals to a data processing and display device. The data processing and display device is used to receive signals transmitted by the tension testing device and the strand breakage monitoring device, perform data processing and analysis, and display the tension magnitude, elongation and strand breakage monitoring results in real time; The data processing and display device includes a signal processing unit, a data analysis unit, and a display unit; the signal processing unit is used to preprocess the tension signal, elongation signal, image signal, sound signal, and electromagnetic signal, and the preprocessing steps include filtering, amplification, and analog-to-digital conversion; the data analysis unit is used to determine whether the ground wire is broken based on the preprocessed signal through an image recognition algorithm, a sound analysis algorithm, and an electromagnetic characteristic analysis algorithm; the display unit is used to display the tension magnitude, elongation curve, and broken wire monitoring results in real time, including the location, quantity, and time information of the broken wire; When determining whether a strand is broken, the data analysis unit comprehensively considers the image recognition results, the sound analysis results, and the electromagnetic characteristics analysis results, and makes a comprehensive judgment based on the set logic and thresholds; The specific steps of the comprehensive judgment include: The features of image recognition, sound analysis, ultrasonic flaw detection and electromagnetic characteristics are integrated to form a comprehensive feature vector, which is then judged using pre-set logic and thresholds. ， Among them, Threshold represents the preset threshold, α represents the probability of broken stock determined by image recognition, W1 represents the weight of image recognition, β represents the probability of broken stock determined by sound analysis, W2 represents the weight of sound analysis, γ represents the probability of broken stock determined by ultrasonic flaw detection, W3 represents the weight of ultrasonic flaw detection, δ represents the probability of broken stock determined by electromagnetic characteristics, and W4 represents the weight of electromagnetic characteristics.

2. A ground wire horizontal tension test real-time strand breakage monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tensile testing device includes a horizontal tensile machine, a clamp, a tensile sensor and an elongation measuring device; the horizontal tensile machine is used to provide tension; the clamp is used to fix the two ends of the ground wire; the tensile sensor is used to measure the magnitude of the tension and transmit the tensile signal to the data processing and display device; the elongation measuring device is used to measure the elongation of the ground wire under the action of tension and transmit the elongation signal to the data processing and display device.

3. A ground wire horizontal tension test real-time strand breakage monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps include: A high-speed camera is used to capture images of the ground conductors. After preprocessing the images, the images are converted into binary images using the Ostu automatic thresholding method. The shape features of the ground conductors are extracted from the binary images. The extracted features are then sent to a pre-trained neural network for recognition. If the output result is inconsistent with the normal situation, it indicates that the conductors are broken. The sound sensor collects the sound signal generated by the ground wire under tension, analyzes the spectrum and amplitude characteristics of the sound signal, extracts characteristic parameters related to strand breakage, and compares the extracted characteristic parameters with the pre-set strand breakage sound characteristic pattern. If a match is successful, it is determined that a strand breakage has occurred. The ultrasonic transmitter generates ultrasonic waves to detect the ground wire. The presence of defects, the type of defects, and the severity of the defects are determined based on the amplitude, shape, and position of the ultrasonic signal. The defects are accurately located and quantitatively analyzed to determine the specific location and size of the defects. The electromagnetic induction coil is used to detect changes in the electromagnetic characteristics of the ground wire, and the extracted electromagnetic characteristics are compared with a pre-set threshold. If the threshold is exceeded, it is determined that the ground wire is broken. A comprehensive judgment on whether strand breakage occurs is made based on image recognition, sound analysis, ultrasonic flaw detection and electromagnetic characteristics.

4. A ground wire horizontal tension test real-time strand breakage monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The image acquisition module also includes a lighting device for providing auxiliary lighting for the high-speed camera in insufficient light conditions; the sound acquisition module also includes a sound amplifier for amplifying the sound signal collected by the sound sensor; the electromagnetic induction module also includes a signal conditioning circuit for conditioning the electromagnetic signal detected by the electromagnetic induction coil, including filtering and amplification.

5. The real-time broken strand monitoring system for a ground wire horizontal tension test according to claim 1, characterized in that: The display unit is also used to send out an audible and visual alarm signal when a strand break occurs.

6. The real-time broken strand monitoring system for a ground wire horizontal tension test according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system further comprises a data storage unit for storing all data and monitoring results during the tensile test.

7. The real-time broken strand monitoring system for a ground wire horizontal tension test according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also has a self-calibration module for automatically calibrating the tension sensor, the elongation measuring device, the image acquisition module, the sound acquisition module, the ultrasonic transmission module and the electromagnetic induction module before each test.

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