A structure and method for measuring electromagnetic fields between windings and between high and low voltage windings of a single-phase transformer

Abstract

The present invention discloses a structure and method for measuring the electromagnetic field between windings and between high- and low-voltage windings of a single-phase transformer. The structure and method comprise an external measuring device for measuring the electromagnetic field between windings on the high-voltage side of the transformer and an internal measuring device for measuring the electromagnetic field between the high-voltage side winding and the low-voltage side winding of the transformer. The external measuring device comprises an external electromagnetic field sensing probe capable of performing circular motion, axial vertical motion, and radial motion along the outer side of the high-voltage side winding of the transformer; the internal measuring device comprises an internal electromagnetic field sensing probe capable of performing vertical rotational motion between the high-voltage side winding and the low-voltage side winding of the transformer. The present invention can accurately analyze the distribution and characteristics of the electromagnetic field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic field measurement, in particular to an electromagnetic field measurement structure and a measurement method between winding discs and high and low voltage windings of a single-phase transformer. Background Art

[0002] In the power sector, transformers and other electrical equipment are required to continuously improve performance and reduce losses to meet the requirements of efficient energy utilization. Accurate data obtained through electromagnetic field measurement structures can provide a basis for optimized transformer design, enabling them to better meet the requirements of efficient utilization in the context of energy transition and align with national energy policy. The electromagnetic field distribution within a transformer directly affects its performance and efficiency. On the one hand, the intensity and distribution of the electromagnetic field determine the transformer's core and winding losses, which in turn affect its energy conversion efficiency. On the other hand, uneven electromagnetic field distribution can lead to localized overheating and insulation aging, shortening the transformer's service life and even causing failures, impacting the safe and stable operation of the power system. Therefore, only by constructing a reasonable electromagnetic field measurement device structure can we reasonably summarize various transformer magnetic field indicators and achieve transformer optimization and design. Traditional transformer winding deformation detection is mostly based on offline testing after a fault, which is subject to lag and cannot actively simulate different deformation conditions. Moreover, existing research on the correlation between winding deformation and electromagnetic field changes is limited by a lack of real fault samples and uncontrollable experimental conditions, resulting in insufficient analysis accuracy. Furthermore, the fixed winding structure of conventional transformers makes it difficult to meet the requirements of actively simulating diverse deformation scenarios. The space between transformer windings and between the high- and low-voltage windings is very narrow, and the high temperature, oil pollution, and strong electromagnetic interference environment pose multiple challenges to accurate electromagnetic field measurement. Traditional measurement devices struggle to achieve in-situ measurements without damaging the winding insulation or changing the original magnetic field distribution. Therefore, researching and analyzing the measurement structure between windings and between the high- and low-voltage windings is of great significance for solving the problem of transformer structural optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide an electromagnetic field measurement structure and method between the winding cakes and the high and low voltage windings of a single-phase transformer. In view of the problems that the space between the transformer winding cakes and the high and low voltage windings is small, the changes in the electromagnetic field are difficult to measure, and potential faults that may exist inside the transformer are difficult to detect, reasonable materials and measurement structures are used to obtain detailed information on the electromagnetic field between the winding cakes and the high and low voltage windings, so as to accurately analyze the distribution and characteristics of the electromagnetic field, and optimize the winding structure, insulation layout, etc. through the measurement data to improve the performance of the transformer.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an electromagnetic field measurement structure between the winding cakes and the high and low voltage windings of a single-phase transformer, including an external measuring device for measuring the electromagnetic field between the high-voltage side winding cakes of the transformer and an internal measuring device for measuring the electromagnetic field between the high-voltage side winding of the transformer and the low-voltage side winding of the transformer. The external measuring device includes an external electromagnetic field sensing probe that can move in a circular motion, axially up and down motion, and radially along the outside of the high-voltage side winding of the transformer; the internal measuring device includes an internal electromagnetic field sensing probe that can move up and down between the high-voltage side winding of the transformer and the low-voltage side winding of the transformer.

[0005] Preferably, the external measuring device includes an external circular guide rail fixedly arranged at the bottom of the transformer body, the surface of the external circular guide rail is provided with an external circular guide rail slider slidably connected thereto, the top of the external circular guide rail slider is fixedly connected to the bottom of the external axial guide rail, the surface of the external axial guide rail is provided with an external axial guide rail slider slidably connected thereto, the external axial guide rail slider is provided with a radial motion slider slidably matched therewith, and the end of the radial motion slider close to the axial direction of the transformer body is provided with an external electromagnetic field induction probe.

[0006] Preferably, the area where the external circular guide rail contacts the external circular guide rail slider is filled with a first ceramic bead, the area where the external axial guide rail contacts the external axial guide rail slider is filled with a second ceramic bead, and the area where the external axial guide rail slider contacts the radial motion slider is filled with a third ceramic bead; an axial stepping motor is provided at the top of the external axial guide rail, the output shaft of the axial stepping motor is connected to the top of the axial screw rod through a connecting sleeve, the bottom of the axial screw rod is rotationally connected to the bottom of the external axial guide rail, and the axial screw rod is matched with the internal thread of the external axial guide rail slider.

[0007] Preferably, the surface of the high-voltage side winding of the transformer is provided with axial deformation, radial inward concave deformation and radial outward convex deformation from top to bottom.

[0008] Preferably, the number of the axial deformations is multiple, and the deformation amounts are different; the number of the radially inward concave deformations is multiple, and the deformation amounts are different; the number of the radially outward convex deformations is multiple, and the deformation amounts are different.

[0009] Preferably, the internal measuring device includes an upper inner ring guide rail and an upper outer ring guide rail arranged at the upper end of the transformer body, and a lower inner ring guide rail and a lower outer ring guide rail arranged at the lower end of the transformer body, the upper inner ring guide rail and the upper outer ring guide rail are provided with an upper slider that slides with them, and the lower inner ring guide rail and the lower outer ring guide rail are provided with a lower slider that slides with them, the upper slider is rotatably connected to the side of the upper gear, and the lower slider is rotatably connected to the side of the lower gear, a chain is wound between the upper gear and the lower gear, and an internal electromagnetic field induction probe is provided on the chain, and the input end of the upper gear or the lower gear is connected to the output end of the driving stepper motor.

[0010] Preferably, an insulating ring is installed between the high-voltage side winding of the transformer and the low-voltage side winding of the transformer, the rotating route formed by the chain surrounds the insulating ring, and pads in contact with the high-voltage side winding of the transformer are provided on both sides of the insulating ring.

[0011] Preferably, the number of the upper end sliders is two, which are respectively located on both sides of the upper end inner ring guide rail and the upper end outer ring guide rail; the number of the lower end sliders is two, which are respectively located on both sides of the lower end inner ring guide rail and the lower end outer ring guide rail; the upper end outer ring guide rail and the lower end outer ring guide rail are respectively arranged on the end rings of the transformer body, and the upper end inner ring guide rail and the lower end inner ring guide rail are respectively arranged at the ends of the low-voltage side winding of the transformer.

[0012] Preferably, the upper gear and the transition gear are coaxially connected through a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the side of the upper end slider, the transition gear is engaged with the input gear, and the input gear is connected to the output shaft of the driving stepper motor; the internal electromagnetic field sensing probe is fixedly connected to the chain through the sensing probe fixing piece.

[0013] In addition, the present invention also discloses a method for measuring the electromagnetic field measurement structure between the winding cakes and between the high and low voltage windings of the single-phase transformer, which includes the following steps:

[0014] S1. Measure the electromagnetic field between the high-voltage side windings of the transformer;

[0015] S1.1. Drag the outer circular guide rail slider along the outer circular guide rail until the outer circular guide rail slider is aligned with the circumferential area where the axial deformation, radial inward concave deformation, or radial outward convex deformation occurs;

[0016] S1.2. Control the external axial guide rail slider to move axially along the external axial guide rail, and change the corresponding height of the external axial guide rail slider so that it is flush with the height of the axial deformation, radial inward concave deformation, or radial outward convex deformation;

[0017] S1.3. Move the radial motion slider to move the external electromagnetic field sensing probe in the radial direction until the external electromagnetic field sensing probe approaches axial deformation, radially concave deformation, or radially convex deformation. Measure the electromagnetic field between the high-voltage side winding discs through the external electromagnetic field sensing probe.

[0018] S2. Measure the electromagnetic field between the high and low voltage windings;

[0019] S2.1. Drag the upper and lower sliders along the upper inner and outer guide rails, lower inner and outer guide rails, until they align with the circumferential areas of axial deformation, radial inward concave deformation, or radial outward convex deformation, ensuring axial alignment between the upper and lower sliders.

[0020] S2.2. When the stepper motor is driven, the upper gear drives the lower gear to rotate via the chain, causing the internal electromagnetic field sensing probe to rotate up and down along with the chain until the internal electromagnetic field sensing probe is aligned with the height of the axial deformation, radial inward concave deformation, or radial outward convex deformation, and then stops;

[0021] S2.3. Measure the electromagnetic field between the high and low voltage windings through the internal electromagnetic field sensing probe.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] 1. This invention uses a structure for measuring the electromagnetic field between windings and between high- and low-voltage windings in a single-phase transformer. The probes are connected externally via guide rails and internally via chains. This allows for direct measurement of the electromagnetic field between windings and between high- and low-voltage windings. Compared to traditional theoretical calculations or numerical simulations, the measurement results more accurately and realistically reflect the electromagnetic field distribution within the transformer, providing reliable data support for transformer design, optimization, and operation.

[0024] 2. The present invention utilizes an electromagnetic field measurement structure between the winding discs and between the high- and low-voltage windings of a single-phase transformer, enabling timely detection of abnormal changes in the transformer's internal electromagnetic field. By utilizing this electromagnetic field detection structure, accurate data on the internal electromagnetic field can be acquired. Analysis of this electromagnetic field measurement data enables early detection of these problems, providing an important basis for preventive maintenance and fault diagnosis, and helping to improve the reliability and service life of the transformer.

[0025] 3. Since the electromagnetic field of the transformer may interfere with surrounding electronic equipment and may also be interfered with by external electromagnetic fields, the electromagnetic field measurement mechanical structure proposed in this patent can effectively solve the problem of interference of electromagnetic equipment on the internal magnetic field. By accurately measuring the electromagnetic field between windings, it provides a basis for taking effective shielding and protection measures, ensuring the normal operation of various equipment in the power system and improving the stability and reliability of the entire system.

[0026] 4. When the electromagnetic field is measured using the patented method of the present invention, the internal electromagnetic field can be measured without large-scale disassembly or destruction of the transformer. By using this structure, the impact of the measurement process on the normal operation of the transformer can be reduced, the measurement cost and time can be reduced, and the feasibility and practicality of the measurement can be improved.

[0027] 5. The present invention solves the problems of limited space between transformer windings and between high- and low-voltage windings, difficulty in measuring changes in the electromagnetic field, and difficulty in detecting potential faults inside the transformer. It uses reasonable materials and measurement structures to obtain detailed information about the electromagnetic fields between the windings and between the high- and low-voltage windings, so as to accurately analyze the distribution and characteristics of the electromagnetic fields. The measurement data is then used to optimize the winding structure, insulation layout, etc., thereby improving transformer performance.

[0028] 6. By artificially designing winding deformation patterns, this invention systematically studies the quantitative impact of single or multiple deformation factors on the electromagnetic field, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods that rely on natural fault data. Furthermore, the device supports the flexible combination of various deformation types (such as axial offset, radial expansion, and localized distortion), adapting to the experimental requirements of different equipment such as power transformers and reactors. Furthermore, compared to on-site troubleshooting or full-scale testing, this device is compact, low-cost, and supports repeatable experiments, significantly shortening the R&D cycle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an electromagnetic field measurement structure between winding pancakes and high and low voltage windings of a single-phase transformer;

[0030] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the top area;

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the middle insulating ring;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the external measuring device;

[0033] Figure 5 for Figure 4 An enlarged structural diagram of the middle and outer circular guide rail sliders;

[0034] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the cooperation between the middle and outer axial guide slider and the radial motion slider;

[0035] Figure 7 for Figure 6A schematic structural diagram of the cooperation between the top area of ​​the middle and outer axial guide slider and the radial motion slider from another perspective;

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure for setting axial deformation on the surface of the high-voltage side winding of the transformer;

[0037] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a structure in which a radially concave deformation is set on the surface of the transformer high-voltage side winding;

[0038] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a structure in which a radially outward convex deformation is provided on the surface of the high-voltage side winding of a transformer;

[0039] Figure 11 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the internal measuring device;

[0040] Figure 12 for Figure 11 An enlarged structural diagram of the area where the upper middle slider is located;

[0041] Figure 13 for Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the internal electromagnetic field sensing probe;

[0042] Figure 14 for Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle chain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0044] like Figure 1-14 As shown, a structure for measuring the electromagnetic field between windings and between high- and low-voltage windings of a single-phase transformer includes an external measuring device 1 for measuring the electromagnetic field between the high-voltage side winding 3 of the transformer and an internal measuring device 2 for measuring the electromagnetic field between the high-voltage side winding 3 of the transformer and the low-voltage side winding 4 of the transformer. The external measuring device 1 includes an external electromagnetic field sensing probe 1.1 that can move in a circular motion, axially up and down motion, and radially along the outer side of the high-voltage side winding 3 of the transformer; the internal measuring device 2 includes an internal electromagnetic field sensing probe 2.1 that can move up and down rotationally between the high-voltage side winding 3 of the transformer and the low-voltage side winding 4 of the transformer.

[0045] like Figures 4 to 7As shown, the external measuring device 1 includes an external circular guide rail 1.2 fixedly arranged at the bottom of the transformer body, an external circular guide rail slider 1.3 slidably connected to the surface of the external circular guide rail 1.2, the top of the external circular guide rail slider 1.3 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the external axial guide rail 1.4, the surface of the external axial guide rail 1.4 is provided with an external axial guide rail slider 1.5 slidably connected to the surface of the external axial guide rail 1.4, a radial motion slider 1.6 slidably matched with the external axial guide rail slider 1.5 is provided on the external axial guide rail slider 1.5, and an external electromagnetic field induction probe 1.1 is provided at one end of the radial motion slider 1.6 close to the axial direction of the transformer body.

[0046] Preferably, the area where the external circular guide rail 1.2 contacts the external circular guide rail slider 1.3 is filled with a first ceramic bead 1.7, the area where the external axial guide rail 1.4 contacts the external axial guide rail slider 1.5 is filled with a second ceramic bead 1.8, and the area where the external axial guide rail slider 1.5 contacts the radial motion slider 1.6 is filled with a third ceramic bead 1.9; an axial stepper motor 1.10 is provided at the top of the external axial guide rail 1.4, and the output shaft of the axial stepper motor 1.10 is connected to the top of the axial screw rod 1.12 through a connecting sleeve 1.11, and the bottom of the axial screw rod 1.12 is rotationally connected to the bottom of the external axial guide rail 1.4, and the axial screw rod 1.12 is matched with the internal thread of the external axial guide rail slider 1.5. In this embodiment, ceramic beads are provided to reduce the friction of the slider when it moves on the guide rail; and when the axial stepper motor 1.10 is working, it can drive the axial screw rod 1.12 to rotate, thereby causing the external axial guide slider 1.5 to move up or down along the external axial guide rail 1.4.

[0047] like Figures 8 to 10 As shown, the surface of the transformer high voltage side winding 3 is provided with an axial deformation 3.1 ( Figure 8 As shown), radial concave deformation 3.2 ( Figure 9 shown) and radially outward convex deformation 3.3 ( Figure 10 shown).

[0048] Preferably, the number of the axial deformations 3.1 is multiple, and the deformation amounts are different (such as Figure 8 As shown, there are four axial deformations 3.1 with different deformation amounts); the number of the radial inward concave deformations 3.2 is multiple, and the deformation amounts are different (such as Figure 9 As shown, there are four radially concave deformations 3.2 with different deformation amounts); the number of the radially convex deformations 3.3 is multiple, and the deformation amounts are different (such as Figure 10 As shown in FIG, there are four radially outward convex deformations 3.3 with different deformation amounts). Figure 8 As shown, taking axial deformation 3.1 as an example, it is divided into 1% deformation, 2% deformation, 3% deformation, and 4% deformation; Figure 9 As shown, taking the radial concave deformation 3.2 as an example, it is divided into 1% deformation, 2% deformation, 3% deformation, and 4% deformation; Figure 10 As shown, taking the radial outward convex deformation 3.3 as an example, it is divided into 1% deformation, 2% deformation, 3% deformation, and 4% deformation; through the above different deformation amounts, different data can be measured.

[0049] like Figures 11 to 14 As shown, the internal measuring device 2 includes an upper inner ring guide rail 2.2 and an upper outer ring guide rail 2.3 provided at the upper end of the transformer body, and a lower inner ring guide rail 2.4 and a lower outer ring guide rail 2.5 provided at the lower end of the transformer body. The upper inner ring guide rail 2.2 and the upper outer ring guide rail 2.3 are provided with an upper slider 2.6 that slides together with them, and the lower inner ring guide rail 2.4 and the lower outer ring guide rail 2.5 are provided with a lower slider 2.7 that slides together with them. The upper slider 2.6 is rotatably connected to the side of the upper slider 2.8, and the lower slider 2.7 is rotatably connected to the side of the lower slider 2.9. A chain 2.10 is wound between the upper gear 2.8 and the lower gear 2.9. The chain 2.10 is provided with an internal electromagnetic field sensing probe 2.1. The input end of the upper gear 2.8 or the lower gear 2.9 is connected to the output end of the driving stepper motor 2.11. In this embodiment, when the stepping motor 2.11 is driven to work, the upper gear 2.8 drives the lower gear 2.9 to rotate through the chain 2.10, so that the internal electromagnetic field sensing probe 2.1 rotates up and down along with the chain 2.10.

[0050] Preferably, an insulating ring 5 is installed between the transformer high-voltage side winding 3 and the transformer low-voltage side winding 4. The rotating path formed by the chain 2.10 surrounds the insulating ring 5. Pads 5.1 are provided on both sides of the insulating ring 5 to contact the transformer high-voltage side winding 3. Due to the presence of the insulating ring 5, the rotating path formed by the chain 2.10 must surround the insulating ring 5 so that the insulating ring 5 does not interfere with the chain's rotating motion.

[0051] Preferably, there are two upper sliders 2.6, one located on either side of the upper inner ring guide rail 2.2 and the other on either side of the upper outer ring guide rail 2.3; there are two lower sliders 2.7, one located on either side of the lower inner ring guide rail 2.4 and the other on either side of the lower outer ring guide rail 2.5. The upper outer ring guide rail 2.3 and the lower outer ring guide rail 2.5 are each mounted on the end ring 6 of the transformer body, while the upper inner ring guide rail 2.2 and the lower inner ring guide rail 2.4 are each mounted at the end of the transformer's low-voltage winding 4. As shown in the figure, due to the presence of spacers 5.1 (typically, two spacers 5.1 are positioned on either side), if only one upper slider 2.6 and one lower slider 2.7 were provided, movement of the single slider would obstruct access to some areas due to the spacers 5.1. However, by providing two upper sliders 2.6 and two lower sliders 2.7, each set of sliders can measure the electromagnetic field over half the transformer's range, effectively resolving this problem.

[0052] Preferably, the upper gear 2.8 and the intermediate gear 2.12 are coaxially connected via a rotating shaft 2.13, which is rotatably connected to the side of the upper slider 2.6. The intermediate gear 2.12 meshes with an input gear 2.14, which is connected to the output shaft of the driving stepper motor 2.11. The internal electromagnetic field sensing probe 2.1 is fixedly connected to the chain 2.10 via a sensing probe fixture 2.15. In this embodiment, when the driving stepper motor 2.11 is in operation, the input gear 2.14 rotates, which in turn rotates the upper gear 2.8 via the intermediate gear 2.12. The upper gear 2.8 then drives the lower gear 2.9 via the chain 2.10, thereby causing the internal electromagnetic field sensing probe 2.1 to rotate up and down along with the chain 2.10.

[0053] In addition, the present invention also discloses a method for measuring the electromagnetic field measurement structure between the winding cakes and between the high and low voltage windings of the single-phase transformer, which includes the following steps:

[0054] S1. Measure the electromagnetic field between the high-voltage side windings of the transformer;

[0055] S1.1. Drag the outer circular guide slider 1.3 to slide along the outer circular guide rail 1.2 until the outer circular guide slider 1.3 is aligned with the circumferential area where the axial deformation 3.1, the radially inward concave deformation 3.2, or the radially outward convex deformation 3.3 is located;

[0056] S1.2. Control the external axial guide rail slider 1.5 to move axially along the external axial guide rail 1.4, and change the corresponding height of the external axial guide rail slider 1.5 so that it is flush with the height of the axial deformation 3.1 or the radially concave deformation 3.2 or the radially convex deformation 3.3;

[0057] S1.3. Move radial motion slider 1.6 to move external electromagnetic field sensing probe 1.1 in the radial direction until external electromagnetic field sensing probe 1.1 approaches axial deformation 3.1, radially concave deformation 3.2, or radially convex deformation 3.3. Measure the electromagnetic field between the high-voltage side windings through external electromagnetic field sensing probe 1.1.

[0058] S2. Measure the electromagnetic field between the high and low voltage windings;

[0059] S2.1. Drag upper slider 2.6 and lower slider 2.7 along upper inner ring guide rail 2.2, upper outer ring guide rail 2.3, lower inner ring guide rail 2.4, and lower outer ring guide rail 2.5 until they are aligned with the circumferential area of ​​axial deformation 3.1, radial inward concave deformation 3.2, or radial outward convex deformation 3.3. Ensure that upper slider 2.6 and lower slider 2.7 are axially aligned.

[0060] S2.2. When the stepper motor 2.11 is driven, the upper gear 2.8 drives the lower gear 2.9 to rotate via the chain 2.10, causing the internal electromagnetic field sensing probe 2.1 to rotate up and down along with the chain 2.10 until the internal electromagnetic field sensing probe 2.1 is aligned with the height of the axial deformation 3.1, the radially concave deformation 3.2, or the radially convex deformation 3.3, and then stops;

[0061] S2.3. Measure the electromagnetic field between the high and low voltage windings using the internal electromagnetic field sensing probe 2.1.

[0062] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be the technical solutions set forth in the claims, including equivalent alternatives to the technical features of the technical solutions set forth in the claims. In other words, equivalent alternatives and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A structure for measuring electromagnetic fields between windings of a single-phase transformer and between high-voltage and low-voltage windings, comprising an external measuring device (1) for measuring the electromagnetic field between windings of a high-voltage side winding (3) of the transformer and an internal measuring device (2) for measuring the electromagnetic field between the high-voltage side winding (3) of the transformer and the low-voltage side winding (4) of the transformer, characterized in that: The external measuring device (1) includes an external electromagnetic field sensing probe (1.1) capable of performing circular motion, axial vertical motion, and radial motion along the outside of the transformer high-voltage side winding (3); the internal measuring device (2) includes an internal electromagnetic field sensing probe (2.1) capable of performing vertical rotational motion between the transformer high-voltage side winding (3) and the transformer low-voltage side winding (4); The external measuring device (1) comprises an external circular guide rail (1.2) fixedly arranged at the bottom of the transformer body, an external circular guide rail slider (1.3) slidably connected to the external circular guide rail (1.2) being provided on the surface of the external circular guide rail (1.2), a top of the external circular guide rail slider (1.3) being fixedly connected to the bottom of the external axial guide rail (1.4), an external axial guide rail slider (1.5) slidably connected to the surface of the external axial guide rail (1.4), a radial motion slider (1.6) slidably engaged with the external axial guide rail slider (1.5) being provided on the external axial guide rail slider (1.5), and an external electromagnetic field induction probe (1.1) being provided at one end of the radial motion slider (1.6) close to the axial direction of the transformer body; The internal measuring device (2) comprises an upper inner ring guide rail (2.2) and an upper outer ring guide rail (2.3) provided at the upper end of the transformer body, and a lower inner ring guide rail (2.4) and a lower outer ring guide rail (2.5) provided at the lower end of the transformer body, wherein the upper inner ring guide rail (2.2) and the upper outer ring guide rail (2.3) are provided with an upper slider (2.6) that is in sliding engagement with the upper inner ring guide rail (2.2) and the upper outer ring guide rail (2.3), and the lower inner ring guide rail (2.4) and the lower outer ring guide rail (2.5) are provided with a lower slider (2.6) that is in sliding engagement with the lower inner ring guide rail (2.4) and the lower outer ring guide rail (2.5). A slider (2.7), the upper slider (2.6) is rotatably connected to an upper gear (2.8) on its side, the lower slider (2.7) is rotatably connected to a lower gear (2.9) on its side, a chain (2.10) is wound between the upper gear (2.8) and the lower gear (2.9), an internal electromagnetic field induction probe (2.1) is provided on the chain (2.10), and an input end of the upper gear (2.8) or the lower gear (2.9) is connected to an output end of a driving stepper motor (2.11).

2. The electromagnetic field measurement structure between windings and between high and low voltage windings of a single-phase transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The area where the external circular guide rail (1.2) contacts the external circular guide rail slider (1.3) is filled with a first ceramic bead (1.7), the area where the external axial guide rail (1.4) contacts the external axial guide rail slider (1.5) is filled with a second ceramic bead (1.8), and the area where the external axial guide rail slider (1.5) contacts the radial motion slider (1.6) is filled with a third ceramic bead (1.9); an axial stepping motor (1.10) is provided at the top of the external axial guide rail (1.4), the output shaft of the axial stepping motor (1.10) is connected to the top of the axial screw rod (1.12) through a connecting sleeve (1.11), the bottom of the axial screw rod (1.12) is rotationally connected to the bottom of the external axial guide rail (1.4), and the axial screw rod (1.12) is matched with the internal thread of the external axial guide rail slider (1.5).

3. The electromagnetic field measurement structure between windings and between high and low voltage windings of a single-phase transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the transformer high-voltage side winding (3) is provided with axial deformation (3.1), radial inward concave deformation (3.2), and radial outward convex deformation (3.3) from top to bottom.

4. The electromagnetic field measurement structure between windings and between high and low voltage windings of a single-phase transformer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the axial deformations (3.1) is multiple, and the deformation amounts are different; the number of the radially concave deformations (3.2) is multiple, and the deformation amounts are different; the number of the radially convex deformations (3.3) is multiple, and the deformation amounts are different.

5. The electromagnetic field measurement structure between windings and between high and low voltage windings of a single-phase transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: An insulating ring (5) is further installed between the transformer high-voltage side winding (3) and the transformer low-voltage side winding (4); a rotation path formed by the chain (2.10) surrounds the insulating ring (5); and pads (5.1) in contact with the transformer high-voltage side winding (3) are provided on both sides of the insulating ring (5).

6. The electromagnetic field measurement structure between windings and between high and low voltage windings of a single-phase transformer according to claim 5, characterized in that: There are two upper end sliders (2.6), which are respectively located on both sides of the upper end inner ring guide rail (2.2) and the upper end outer ring guide rail (2.3); there are two lower end sliders (2.7), which are respectively located on both sides of the lower end inner ring guide rail (2.4) and the lower end outer ring guide rail (2.5); the upper end outer ring guide rail (2.3) and the lower end outer ring guide rail (2.5) are respectively arranged on the end ring (6) of the transformer body, and the upper end inner ring guide rail (2.2) and the lower end inner ring guide rail (2.4) are respectively arranged at the end of the transformer low-voltage side winding (4).

7. The electromagnetic field measurement structure between windings and between high and low voltage windings of a single-phase transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper gear (2.8) and the transition gear (2.12) are coaxially connected via a rotating shaft (2.13); the rotating shaft (2.13) is rotatably connected to the side of the upper slider (2.6); the transition gear (2.12) is meshed with an input gear (2.14); and the input gear (2.14) is connected to the output shaft of a driving stepper motor (2.11); and the internal electromagnetic field sensing probe (2.1) is fixedly connected to the chain (2.10) via a sensing probe fixing member (2.15).

8. A method for measuring the electromagnetic field measurement structure between winding discs and between high and low voltage windings of a single-phase transformer according to claim 3, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Measure the electromagnetic field between the high-voltage side windings of the transformer; S1.

1. Drag the outer circular guide rail slider (1.3) to slide along the outer circular guide rail (1.2) until the outer circular guide rail slider (1.3) is aligned with the circumferential area where the axial deformation (3.1) or the radially inward concave deformation (3.2) or the radially outward convex deformation (3.3) is located; S1.2, controlling the external axial guide rail slider (1.5) to move axially along the external axial guide rail (1.4), changing the corresponding height of the external axial guide rail slider (1.5) so that it is flush with the height of the axial deformation (3.1) or the radial inward concave deformation (3.2) or the radial outward convex deformation (3.3); S1.

3. Move the radial motion slider (1.6) to move the external electromagnetic field sensing probe (1.1) in the radial direction until the external electromagnetic field sensing probe (1.1) approaches the axial deformation (3.1) or the radially concave deformation (3.2) or the radially convex deformation (3.3), and measure the electromagnetic field between the high-voltage side winding discs through the external electromagnetic field sensing probe (1.1); S2. Measure the electromagnetic field between the high and low voltage windings; S2.

1. Drag the upper slider (2.6) and the lower slider (2.7) to move along the upper inner ring guide rail (2.2), the upper outer ring guide rail (2.3), the lower inner ring guide rail (2.4), and the lower outer ring guide rail (2.5) until they are aligned with the circumferential area where the axial deformation (3.1) or the radial inward concave deformation (3.2) or the radial outward convex deformation (3.3) is located, and ensure that the upper slider (2.6) and the lower slider (2.7) are axially aligned; S2.

2. When the stepper motor (2.11) is driven to work, the upper gear (2.8) drives the lower gear (2.9) to rotate through the chain (2.10), thereby causing the internal electromagnetic field sensing probe (2.1) to rotate up and down along with the chain (2.10) until the internal electromagnetic field sensing probe (2.1) is aligned with the height of the axial deformation (3.1) or the radial inward concave deformation (3.2) or the radial outward convex deformation (3.3) and stops; S2.

3. Measure the electromagnetic field between the high and low voltage windings using the internal electromagnetic field sensing probe (2.1).

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