Risk grade evaluation method for tunnel side wall effect

Abstract

The invention provides a risk grade evaluation method for a tunnel side wall effect. The risk grade evaluation method comprises the following steps: S1, acquiring evaluation index data of a risk grade of the tunnel side wall effect; s2, determining a secondary evaluation index according to the evaluation index data; the secondary evaluation indexes comprise a skin electrical activity index EAI, an instantaneous pressure response index ISR, a pressure recovery index SRI, a sight jump index SAI, a gaze stability index FSI, an attention distribution index AAI and a visual fatigue index VFI; s3, determining a first-level evaluation index according to the second-level evaluation index; the first-level evaluation indexes comprise a comprehensive tension index CSI, a visual adaptability index VAI and a visual load comprehensive index CVLI; s4, determining a comprehensive evaluation index CSEI according to the first-level evaluation index; s5, determining the risk level of the tunnel side wall effect according to the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI; through the method, the influence of the tunnel side wall effect on the driver can be accurately and comprehensively evaluated, and guidance is provided for tunnel construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a traffic safety evaluation method, and in particular to a risk level evaluation method for tunnel sidewall effects. Background Art

[0002] As an important traffic infrastructure, tunnels play a key role in urban and regional traffic networks. However, when driving in a tunnel, drivers are often affected by the visual environment, especially the sidewall effect. The sidewall effect refers to the problems such as distracted attention, reduced speed or trajectory deviation that may occur to the driver when driving in a tunnel due to factors such as the shape, color, texture and light change of the sidewall, thus increasing the risk of traffic accidents.

[0003] Although preliminary analyses of tunnel sidewall effects have been carried out in existing research, the current evaluation methods still have certain limitations. For example, evaluating the risk level of tunnel sidewall effects through the subjective evaluation of drivers is easily affected by individual differences, resulting in inconsistent evaluation results and being difficult to comprehensively reflect the actual risks.

[0004] Therefore, to solve the above technical problems, a new technical means is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to more scientifically and comprehensively evaluate the risk level of tunnel sidewall effects and provide guidance for tunnel construction, the present invention proposes a risk level evaluation method for tunnel sidewall effects.

[0006] A risk level evaluation method for tunnel sidewall effects provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Collect evaluation index data of the risk level of tunnel sidewall effects;

[0008] S2. Determine secondary evaluation indexes according to the evaluation index data;

[0009] The secondary evaluation indexes include the electrodermal activity index EAI, the instantaneous stress response index ISR, the stress recovery index SRI, the saccade amplitude index SAI, the fixation stability index FSI, the attention allocation index AAI and the visual fatigue index VFI;

[0010] S3. Determine primary evaluation indexes according to the secondary evaluation indexes;

[0011] The primary evaluation indexes include the comprehensive stress index CSI, the visual adaptation ability index VAI and the comprehensive visual load index CVLI;

[0012] S4. Determine the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI according to the primary evaluation indexes;

[0013] S5. Determine the risk level of the tunnel sidewall effect according to the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI.

[0014] Furthermore, the evaluation index data includes skin conductance response data, heart rate data, and eye movement data;

[0015] The skin conductance response data includes the skin conductivity and the skin conductivity baseline value at each moment;

[0016] The heart rate data includes the heart rate value and the heart rate baseline value at each moment;

[0017] The eye movement data includes the number of saccades, the pixel distance of saccades, the pixel coordinates of fixation points, the total number of fixation points, the time of fixation in the target area, the average single fixation duration, the total fixation time, and the total number of blinks.

[0018] Furthermore, the comprehensive stress index CSI is determined according to the electro dermal activity index EAI, the instantaneous stress response index ISR, and the stress recovery index SRI:

[0019] Perform standardization processing on the electro dermal activity index EAI, the instantaneous stress response index ISR, and the stress recovery index SRI, and use the standardized electro dermal activity index EAI norm , the standardized instantaneous stress response index ISR norm and the standardized stress recovery index SRI norm to calculate the comprehensive stress index CSI. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0020] CSI = α1·EAI norm +α2·ISR norm +α3·SRI norm

[0021] where α1, α2, and α3 all represent weights.

[0022] Furthermore, the electro dermal activity index EAI, the instantaneous stress response index ISR, and the stress recovery index SRI are calculated by the following formulas:

[0023]

[0024] SRI = T recovery

[0025] where t represents the moment, T represents the total duration of the driver experiencing the tunnel sidewall effect, ΔG t represents the change in skin conductivity of the driver at time t, ΔHR t represents the change in heart rate of the driver at time t, G baseline represents the baseline value of the driver's skin conductivity, HRbaseline Represents the baseline value of the driver's heart rate, Represents the change in skin conductivity of the driver at the moment of stimulation, T recovery Represents the time required for the skin conductivity to return to the baseline value after stimulation;

[0026] When there are multiple stimulations, the instantaneous stress response index ISR and the stress recovery index SRI are calculated by the following formula:

[0027]

[0028] where M represents the total number of stimulations, Represents the change in skin conductivity of the driver at the m-th stimulation, T recovery,m Represents the time required for the driver's skin conductivity to return to the baseline value after the m-th stimulation.

[0029] Furthermore, the visual adaptation ability index VAI is determined according to the saccade index SAI, the fixation stability index FSI, and the attention allocation index AAI:

[0030] The saccade index SAI, the fixation stability index FSI, and the attention allocation index AAI are standardized, and the standardized saccade index SAI norm , the standardized fixation stability index FSI norm and the standardized attention allocation index AAI norm are used to calculate the visual adaptation ability index VAI, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0031] VAI = β1·SAI norm + β2·FSI norm + β3·AAI norm

[0032] where β1, β2, and β3 all represent weights.

[0033] Furthermore, the saccade index SAI, the fixation stability index FSI, and the attention allocation index AAI are determined by the following formula:

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] where E represents the total number of saccades, ΔP e represents the pixel distance of the e-th saccade, T represents the total duration of the driver experiencing the tunnel sidewall effect, I represents the total number of fixation points, (x i , y idenotes the pixel coordinates of the i-th fixation point, (x avg , y avg ) denotes the average pixel coordinates of all fixation points, T2 represents the time that the driver's fixation is on the target area, and T1 represents the total fixation time of the driver.

[0037] Furthermore, the comprehensive visual load index CVLI is determined by the visual fatigue index VFI, the blink frequency, and the average single fixation duration:

[0038] Standardize the visual fatigue index VFI, the blink frequency Blink, and the average single fixation duration FixationDuration, and calculate the comprehensive visual load index CVLI according to the standardized visual fatigue index VFI norm , the standardized blink frequency Blink Frequencynorm , and the standardized average single fixation duration Fixation Duration norm . The calculation formula is as follows:

[0039]

[0040] where γ1, γ2, and γ3 all represent weights.

[0041] Furthermore, the visual fatigue index VFI is calculated by the following formula:

[0042]

[0043] where C represents the total number of blinks, T represents the total duration that the driver experiences the tunnel side wall effect, and FixationDuration represents the average single fixation duration.

[0044] Furthermore, the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI is determined by the method:

[0045] Perform a positive transformation on the comprehensive visual load index CVLI to obtain the positively transformed comprehensive visual load index CVLI′. Calculate the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI according to the comprehensive stress index CSI, the visual adaptation ability index VAI, and the positively transformed comprehensive visual load index CVLI′. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0046] CSEI = ω1·CSI + ω2·VAI + ω3·CVLI′

[0047] where ω1, ω2, and ω3 all represent weights.

[0048] Furthermore, the risk level of the tunnel side wall effect is determined by the following method:

[0049] When the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI belongs to (0.00, 0.20], the tunnel sidewall effect belongs to the extremely low risk level;

[0050] When the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI belongs to (0.20, 0.40], the tunnel sidewall effect belongs to the low risk level;

[0051] When the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI belongs to (0.40, 0.60], the tunnel sidewall effect belongs to the medium risk level;

[0052] When the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI belongs to (0.60, 0.80], the tunnel sidewall effect belongs to the high risk level;

[0053] When the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI belongs to (0.80, 1.00], the tunnel sidewall effect belongs to the extremely high risk level.

[0054] Advantages of the present invention: By calculating the primary indicators and secondary indicators, the present invention can accurately evaluate the mental load and physiological load of a driver when affected by the tunnel sidewall effect, thereby being able to significantly reflect the influence of the tunnel sidewall effect on the driver, and further being able to accurately evaluate the risk level of the tunnel sidewall effect, providing a scientific basis for tunnel design. Description of the Drawings

[0055] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments:

[0056] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the data acquisition environment of this embodiment. Detailed Embodiments

[0058] The following further explains the present invention in conjunction with the drawings of the specification:

[0059] A risk level evaluation method for the tunnel sidewall effect provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0060] S1. Collect evaluation index data of the risk level of the tunnel sidewall effect;

[0061] S2. Determine secondary evaluation indicators according to the evaluation index data;

[0062] The secondary evaluation indicators include the electrodermal activity index EAI, the instantaneous pressure response index ISR, the pressure recovery index SRI, the saccade index SAI, the fixation stability index FSI, the attention allocation index AAI, and the visual fatigue index VFI;

[0063] S3. Determine primary evaluation indicators according to the secondary evaluation indicators;

[0064] The first-level evaluation indicators include the comprehensive stress index CSI, the visual adaptation ability index VAI, and the comprehensive visual load index CVLI;

[0065] S4. Determine the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI according to the first-level evaluation indicators;

[0066] S5. Determine the risk level of the tunnel sidewall effect according to the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI.

[0067] Through the above method, the risk level of the tunnel sidewall effect can be evaluated more scientifically and comprehensively.

[0068] In this embodiment, in step S1, the evaluation index data of the risk level of the tunnel sidewall effect is collected;

[0069] If data is collected in an actual tunnel, there will be a relatively high safety risk, and the brightness, material, texture, and pattern of the actual tunnel are fixed, and multi-scenario evaluation cannot be carried out; that is, conducting experiments in reality not only has potential safety hazards but also incurs huge costs.

[0070] In this embodiment, data is collected by constructing a tunnel model. Specifically, as Figure 2 shown, (a) is the front view and (b) is the rear view:

[0071] Build a full-scale model tunnel to simulate a 2-lane or 3-lane tunnel cross-section with the same cross-sectional dimensions as the actual tunnel, such as a three-centered circle or one-centered circle tunnel cross-section. The model length can be set to 10 meters, and the width and height are designed according to the actual tunnel standards. Use lightweight and high-strength materials (such as foam plastic or PVC) to construct the model to ensure easy handling and installation. Uniformly lay high-resolution LED flexible screens on the inner surfaces of the side walls and the front. The screens should have high brightness and wide viewing angle characteristics to ensure a realistic and distortion-free visual effect. Use actual vehicles and place them on the lanes inside the tunnel model. Set adjustable lateral brackets inside the model so that the distance between the vehicle and the side wall can be adjusted between 0.5 meters and 2.5 meters, facilitating the measurement of side wall effects at different lateral distances during the experiment. Play videos of various tunnel scenarios through the central control system, including different tunnel wall brightness, wall patterns, and surface changes. The videos should include the dynamic effects of real driving scenarios to simulate the visual changes during driving. Equip with audio equipment to play the sounds of driving in the tunnel (such as engine sounds, tire-road contact sounds, wind sounds, etc.) to maximize the simulation of the driving effect in the tunnel and synchronize with the video content. Design an interlocking control system to interlock video playback, sound output, and the operating mechanisms of the vehicle (such as the steering wheel, accelerator, and brake) to enhance the sense of reality and immersion. The experiment should be carried out in a controlled lighting and noise environment to avoid interference from external factors. The laboratory should maintain uniform lighting and set sound insulation measures to ensure the reliability of the experimental results. Treat the laboratory with sound insulation materials to reduce the impact of external noise on the experiment.

[0072] The collected evaluation index data includes skin conductance response data, heart rate data, and eye movement data; they are respectively collected in real-time using a skin conductance sensor, a heart rate monitor, and an eye tracker.

[0073] The skin conductance response data includes the skin conductance at each moment and the baseline value of the skin conductance.

[0074] The heart rate data includes the heart rate value at each moment and the baseline value of the heart rate.

[0075] The eye movement data includes the number of saccades, the pixel distance of saccades, the pixel coordinates of fixation points, the total number of fixation points, the time spent fixating on the target area, the average single fixation duration, the total fixation time, and the total number of blinks.

[0076] The above method can accurately collect relevant data on the premise of ensuring the safety of the driver, and the above method does not require frequent site changes. Only by changing the patterns and brightness on the LED display screen, etc., the side wall effects of different tunnels can be simulated, improving the data collection efficiency and reducing economic losses.

[0077] In this embodiment, in step S2, determine the secondary evaluation indexes according to the evaluation index data;

[0078] The secondary evaluation indicators include the Electrodermal Activity Index (EAI), the Instantaneous Stress Response Index (ISR), the Stress Recovery Index (SRI), the Saccadic Activity Index (SAI), the Fixation Stability Index (FSI), the Attention Allocation Index (AAI), and the Visual Fatigue Index (VFI);

[0079] Furthermore, the Electrodermal Activity Index (EAI), the Instantaneous Stress Response Index (ISR), and the Stress Recovery Index (SRI) are calculated by the following formulas:

[0080]

[0081] SRI = T recovery

[0082] where t represents the moment, T represents the total duration that the driver experiences the tunnel sidewall effect, ΔG t represents the change in skin conductivity of the driver at the moment t, with the unit of microsiemens, and ΔHR t represents the change in heart rate of the driver at the moment t, with the unit of beats per minute (BPM), and G baseline represents the baseline value of the driver's skin conductivity, and HR baseline represents the baseline value of the driver's heart rate, with the unit of beats per minute (BPM), represents the change in skin conductivity of the driver at the moment of stimulus occurrence, with the unit of microsiemens, and T recovery represents the time required for the skin conductivity to recover to the baseline value after the stimulus occurs;

[0083] The moment of stimulus occurrence refers to the moment when the tunnel sidewall stimulates the driver's vision, such as when the driver sees a change in the image inside the tunnel;

[0084] When there are multiple stimuli, the Instantaneous Stress Response Index (ISR) and the Stress Recovery Index (SRI) are calculated by the following formulas:

[0085]

[0086] where M represents the total number of stimulus occurrences, It represents the change in the driver's skin conductance when the m-th stimulus occurs, T recovery,m It represents the time required for the driver's skin conductance to return to the baseline value after the m-th stimulus occurs.

[0087] The electrocutaneous activity index EAI, the instantaneous stress response index ISR, and the stress recovery index SRI reflect the psychological impact of the tunnel sidewall effect on the driver.

[0088] Furthermore, the saccade amplitude index SAI, the fixation stability index FSI, and the attention allocation index AAI are determined by the following formulas:

[0089]

[0090] where E represents the total number of saccades, ΔP e represents the pixel distance of the e-th saccade, in pixels, T represents the total duration of the driver experiencing the tunnel sidewall effect, I represents the total number of fixation points, (x i , y i ) represents the pixel coordinates of the i-th fixation point, (x avg , y avg ) represents the average pixel coordinates of all the driver's fixation points at present, T2 represents the time the driver fixates on the target area, T1 represents the total fixation time of the driver, and the target area refers to the area closely related to the sidewall effect, and this area is divided according to experience.

[0091] Use an eye tracker to monitor the dwell time and stability of the eyes at a certain fixation point in real time. The eye tracker evaluates the eye stability by recording the minute changes in the fixation point coordinates; by tracking the fixation points of the eyes with the eye tracker, analyzing the fixation area, time allocation, and the number of fixation points, the attention allocation index can help analyze whether the driver focuses on the sidewall or other visual targets during driving.

[0092] Furthermore, the visual fatigue index VFI is calculated by the following formula:

[0093]

[0094] where C represents the total number of blinks, T represents the total duration of the driver experiencing the tunnel sidewall effect, FixationDuration represents the average single fixation duration, and the average single fixation duration is equal to the total fixation time divided by the total number of fixation points I.

[0095] The fixation duration generally refers to the length of time the eyes stay at each fixed fixation point, which reflects the degree of concentration of the eyes on the target area. Calculating the VFI using the average single fixation duration can more precisely quantify the burden on the visual system during each fixation. An eye tracker is used to combine data such as the blink frequency and the average single fixation duration to evaluate the visual fatigue level of the experimenter, and further evaluate the impact of the tunnel sidewall effect on driving.

[0096] In this embodiment, in step S3, the primary evaluation indicators are determined according to the secondary evaluation indicators;

[0097] The primary evaluation indicators include the Comprehensive Stress Index (CSI), the Visual Adaptability Index (VAI), and the Composite Visual Load Index (CVLI); further, the Comprehensive Stress Index CSI is determined according to the Electrodermal Activity Index (EAI), the Instantaneous Stress Response Index (ISR), and the Stress Recovery Index (SRI):

[0098] The Electrodermal Activity Index (EAI), the Instantaneous Stress Response Index (ISR), and the Stress Recovery Index (SRI) are standardized. The standardization uses the maximum-minimum method, and the maximum and minimum values used are determined among the secondary evaluation indicators of all drivers. The standardization process is a prior art and will not be elaborated here; the standardized Electrodermal Activity Index (EAI) norm 、the standardized Instantaneous Stress Response Index (ISR) norm and the standardized Stress Recovery Index (SRI) norm are used to calculate the Comprehensive Stress Index CSI, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0099] CSI = α1·EAI norm + α2·ISR norm + α3·SRI norm

[0100] where α1, α2, and α3 all represent weights, and the weights are adjusted according to experience or requirements, and α1 + α2 + α3 = 1.

[0101] When CSI ≥ 0.8, it indicates that the driver is highly stressed, which may lead to driver anxiety and cognitive overload, increasing the accident risk.

[0102] When 0.5 ≤ CSI < 0.8, it indicates that the driver is moderately stressed, and the sidewall effect has a certain impact on the driver, but it does not interfere with driving excessively.

[0103] When CSI < 0.5, it indicates that the driver is less tense, and the sidewall effect has a relatively small psychological burden on the driver. Further, the Visual Adaptation Ability Index VAI is determined based on the Saccade Index SAI, Fixation Stability Index FSI, and Attention Allocation Index AAI:

[0104] The Saccade Index SAI, Fixation Stability Index FSI, and Attention Allocation Index AAI are standardized. The standardization process is the same as the previous one and will not be elaborated here; the standardized Saccade Index SAI norm 、the standardized Fixation Stability Index FSI norm and the standardized Attention Allocation Index AAI norm are used to calculate the Visual Adaptation Ability Index VAI. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0105] VAI = β1·SAI norm + β2·FSI norm + β3·AAI norm

[0106] where β1, β2, and β3 all represent weights. The weights are adjusted according to experience or requirements, and β1 + β2 + β3 = 1.

[0107] When VAI ≥ 0.8, it indicates that the driver has strong visual adaptation ability, and the sidewall effect has a relatively small visual impact on the driver.

[0108] When 0.5 ≤ VAI < 0.8, it indicates that the driver has medium visual adaptation ability, and the driver needs a certain amount of time to adapt to the visual changes of the sidewalls in the tunnel.

[0109] When VAI < 0.5, it indicates that the driver has poor visual adaptation ability, and the sidewall effect may cause a relatively large visual burden and distraction of attention.

[0110] Further, the Comprehensive Visual Load Index CVLI is determined by the Visual Fatigue Index VFI, blink frequency, and average single fixation duration:

[0111] The Visual Fatigue Index VFI, blink frequency Blink, and average single fixation duration FixationDuration are standardized. The standardization process is the same as the previous one and will not be elaborated here; based on the standardized Visual Fatigue Index VFI norm 、the standardized blink frequency Blink Frequencynorm and the standardized average single fixation duration Fixation Duration norm the Comprehensive Visual Load Index CVLI is calculated. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0112] CVLI = γ1·VFI norm+γ2·Blink Frequencynorm +γ3·Fixation Duration norm

[0113] Among them, γ1, γ2 and γ3 all represent weights, and the weights are adjusted according to experience or requirements, and γ1 + γ2 + γ3 = 1.

[0114] When CVFI ≥ 0.8, it indicates that the driver is highly fatigued, with a large visual burden, which may lead to inattentiveness of the driver.

[0115] When 0.5 ≤ CVFI < 0.8, it indicates that the driver is moderately fatigued. Long - term driving may cause visual fatigue, but it will not affect driving safety temporarily.

[0116] When CVFI < 0.5, it indicates that the driver is less fatigued. The driver maintains a relatively high visual state, and the influence of the side - wall effect on fatigue is relatively small.

[0117] By using the above - mentioned method, data with different dimensions can be converted into dimensionless data, thereby realizing direct operations between different data; it can also comprehensively evaluate the influence of the tunnel side - wall effect on the driver in different aspects.

[0118] In this embodiment, in step S4, the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI is determined according to the first - level evaluation index;

[0119] The visual load comprehensive index CVLI is normalized to obtain the normalized visual load comprehensive index CVLI'. The process of normalizing the reverse index is a prior art and will not be elaborated here. The comprehensive evaluation index CSEI is calculated according to the comprehensive stress index CSI, the visual adaptation ability index VAI, and the normalized visual load comprehensive index CVLI', and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0120] CSEI = ω1·CSI + ω2·VAI + ω3·CVLI'

[0121] Among them, ω1, ω2 and ω3 all represent weights, and the weights are adjusted according to experience or requirements, as long as ω1 + ω2 + ω3 = 1 is ensured.

[0122] The above - mentioned method combines the comprehensive stress index representing the driver's psychological index, the visual adaptation ability index and the visual load comprehensive index representing the driver's physiological index, and can more accurately and comprehensively evaluate the influence of the tunnel side - wall effect on the driver.

[0123] In this embodiment, in step S5, the risk level of the tunnel side - wall effect is determined according to the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI;

[0124] The risk level of the tunnel sidewall effect is determined by the following method:

[0125] When the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI belongs to (0.00, 0.20], the tunnel sidewall effect belongs to the extremely low risk level; it indicates that the influence of the sidewall effect on the driver is small, and the driver feels comfortable in the tunnel or complex road environment; at this time, the driver adapts well, and the visual system and mental load are not significantly affected, and no additional measures need to be taken.

[0126] When the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI belongs to (0.20, 0.40], the tunnel sidewall effect belongs to the low risk level; it indicates that the sidewall effect begins to have a slight impact on the driver, and there may be a certain degree of visual burden and slight tension; it is possible to consider adjusting the road design or environmental factors, optimizing lighting and visual stimuli, and reducing the discomfort of the driver.

[0127] When the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI belongs to (0.40, 0.60], the tunnel sidewall effect belongs to the medium risk level; it indicates that the driver begins to show obvious physiological tension and visual fatigue in the tunnel or complex road environment, and the adaptability decreases; it is recommended to optimize the road environment, increase visual adaptation training for the driver or adopt technical means to reduce the sidewall effect.

[0128] When the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI belongs to (0.60, 0.80], the tunnel sidewall effect belongs to the high risk level; it indicates that the sidewall effect has a significant negative impact on the driver's sense of tension, visual adaptation ability and visual fatigue, and the driver may feel uncomfortable; it is strongly recommended to carry out environmental transformation or adopt auxiliary technologies (such as intelligent lighting, dynamic signs, strengthening tunnel lighting, etc.) to reduce the sidewall effect.

[0129] When the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI belongs to (0.80, 1.00], the tunnel sidewall effect belongs to the extremely high risk level; it indicates that the sidewall effect has a great negative impact on the physiological and psychological states of the driver, and may lead to dangerous driving behaviors, and emergency intervention measures should be taken immediately.

[0130] By evaluating the risk level of the tunnel sidewall effect, guiding suggestions can be provided for tunnel construction.

[0131] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A risk level evaluation method for tunnel sidewall effect, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Collect the evaluation index data of the risk level of the tunnel sidewall effect; S2. Determine the secondary evaluation indexes according to the evaluation index data; The secondary evaluation indexes include the electrodermal activity index EAI, the instantaneous stress response index ISR, the stress recovery index SRI, the saccade amplitude index SAI, the fixation stability index FSI, the attention allocation index AAI, and the visual fatigue index VFI; S3. Determine the primary evaluation indexes according to the secondary evaluation indexes; The primary evaluation indexes include the comprehensive stress index CSI, the visual adaptation ability index VAI, and the comprehensive visual load index CVLI; S4. Determine the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI according to the primary evaluation indexes; S5. Determine the risk level of the tunnel sidewall effect according to the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI.

2. The risk level evaluation method for tunnel sidewall effect according to claim 1, wherein: The evaluation index data includes electrodermal response data, heart rate data, and eye movement data; The electrodermal response data includes the skin conductivity and the skin conductivity baseline value at each moment; The heart rate data includes the heart rate value and the heart rate baseline value at each moment; The eye movement data includes the number of saccades, the pixel distance of saccades, the pixel coordinates of fixation points, the total number of fixation points, the time of fixation in the target area, the average single fixation duration, the total fixation time, and the total number of blinks.

3. The risk level evaluation method for tunnel sidewall effect according to claim 2, characterized in that: The comprehensive stress index CSI is determined according to the electrodermal activity index EAI, the instantaneous stress response index ISR, and the stress recovery index SRI: The skin electrode activity index EAI, transient stress response index ISR and stress recovery index SRI were standardized, and the standardized skin electrode activity index EAI was used. norm , standardized transient stress response index ISR norm and the standardized stress recovery index (SRI) norm Calculate the comprehensive stress index CSI, the calculation formula is as follows: CSI = α1·EAI norm + α2·ISR norm + α3·SRI norm where α1, α2, and α3 all represent weights.

4. The risk level evaluation method for the tunnel sidewall effect according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that: The electrodermal activity index EAI, the instantaneous stress response index ISR, and the stress recovery index SRI are calculated by the following formulas: SRI = T recovery Among them, t represents the moment, T represents the total duration for the driver to experience the tunnel side wall effect, and ΔG t represents the change in skin conductivity of the driver at moment t, and ΔHR t represents the change in heart rate of the driver at moment t, G baseline represents the baseline value of the driver's skin conductivity, and HR baseline represents the baseline value of the driver's heart rate, represents the change in skin conductivity of the driver at the moment when the stimulus occurs, and T recovery represents the time required for the skin conductivity to return to the baseline value after the stimulus occurs; When there are multiple stimuli, the instantaneous stress response index ISR and the stress recovery index SRI are calculated by the following formulas: Where M represents the total number of stimulations that occur, represents the change in the driver's skin conductivity when the m-th stimulation occurs, and T recovery,m represents the time required for the driver's skin conductivity to return to the baseline value after the m-th stimulation occurs.

5. The risk level evaluation method for the tunnel sidewall effect according to claim 2, characterized in that: The visual adaptation ability index VAI is determined according to the saccade amplitude index SAI, the fixation stability index FSI, and the attention allocation index AAI: Standardize the saccade amplitude index (SAI), fixation stability index (FSI), and attention allocation index (AAI), and use the standardized saccade amplitude index (SAI) norm , the standardized fixation stability index (FSI) norm , and the standardized attention allocation index (AAI) norm to calculate the visual adaptation ability index (VAI). The calculation formula is as follows: VAI = β1·SAI norm + β2·FSI norm + β3·AAI norm where β1, β2, and β3 all represent weights.

6. The risk level evaluation method for the tunnel sidewall effect according to any one of claims 2 or 5, characterized in that: The saccade amplitude index SAI, the fixation stability index FSI, and the attention allocation index AAI are determined by the following formulas: Among them, E represents the total number of saccades, ΔP e represents the pixel distance of the e-th saccade, T represents the total duration that the driver experiences the tunnel sidewall effect, I represents the total number of fixation points, (x i , y i ) represents the pixel coordinates of the i-th fixation point, (x avg , y avg ) represents the average pixel coordinates of all fixation points, T2 represents the time that the driver fixates on the target area, and T1 represents the total fixation time of the driver.

7. The risk level evaluation method for the tunnel sidewall effect according to claim 2, characterized in that: The comprehensive visual load index CVLI is determined by the visual fatigue index VFI, the blink frequency, and the average single fixation duration: Normalize the Visual Fatigue Index (VFI), blink frequency (Blink), and average single fixation duration (Fixation Duration), and calculate the Comprehensive Visual Load Index (CVLI) based on the normalized VFI norm , the normalized blink frequency , and the normalized average single fixation duration (Fixation Duration) norm The calculation formula is as follows: where γ1, γ2, and γ3 all represent weights.

8. The risk level evaluation method for the tunnel sidewall effect according to any one of claims 2 or 7, characterized in that: The visual fatigue index VFI is calculated by the following formula: where C represents the total number of blinks, T represents the total duration of the driver experiencing the tunnel sidewall effect, and FixationDuration represents the average single fixation duration.

9. The risk level evaluation method for tunnel sidewall effect according to any one of claims 1, 3, 5 or 7, characterized in that: The comprehensive evaluation index CSEI is determined by the method: Perform positive normalization on the comprehensive visual load index CVLI to obtain the positively normalized comprehensive visual load index CVLI′. Calculate the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI according to the comprehensive stress index CSI, the visual adaptation ability index VAI, and the positively normalized comprehensive visual load index CVLI′. The calculation formula is as follows: CSEI = ω1·CSI + ω2·VAI + ω3·CVLI′ where ω1, ω2, and ω3 all represent weights.

10. The risk level evaluation method for the tunnel sidewall effect according to claim 9, characterized in that: The risk level of the tunnel sidewall effect is determined by the following method: When the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI belongs to (0.00, 0.20], the tunnel sidewall effect belongs to the extremely low risk level; When the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI belongs to (0.20, 0.40], the tunnel sidewall effect belongs to the low risk level; When the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI belongs to (0.40, 0.60], the tunnel sidewall effect belongs to the medium risk level; When the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI belongs to (0.60, 0.80], the tunnel sidewall effect belongs to the high risk level; When the comprehensive evaluation index CSEI belongs to (0.80, 1.00], the tunnel sidewall effect belongs to the extremely high risk level.

Images