Sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gas leakage monitoring, and discloses a sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on Internet of Things, comprising: a sulfur hexafluoride acquisition module for acquiring sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data in real time; the oxygen content monitoring module is used for monitoring the oxygen content in the environment in real time; the Internet of Things communication module is used for transmitting the detected data to a monitoring center in real time; the monitoring center is used for receiving the data and realizing real-time monitoring on the leakage condition of the sulfur hexafluoride gas; the alarm module is used for giving an alarm when the gas concentration reaches a threshold value and realizing a sound-light alarm function through an alarm device; the fan control module is used for starting a fan to discharge gas after receiving the alarm signal so as to realize automatic ventilation; and the voice prompt module is used for reminding field personnel to pay attention to safety. Through intelligent monitoring and linkage control, the safety risk caused by gas leakage is reduced, and the safety of personnel and equipment is protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gas leakage monitoring, and particularly to a sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas is widely used in high-voltage electrical equipment due to its excellent insulation and arc extinguishing properties, especially in high-voltage power transmission and distribution systems. However, SF6 gas is prone to generating arcs when changing from high voltage to low voltage, and arc operations themselves are highly dangerous. Usually, SF6 gas is used to eliminate the dangers brought by arcs. However, SF6 gas is prone to leakage, and the leaked SF6 gas is harmful to human health, which may cause serious consequences such as difficulty in breathing and suffocation. Therefore, timely detection and early warning of SF6 gas leakage are crucial for ensuring personnel safety and the normal operation of equipment.

[0003] Currently, there are already some devices on the market for detecting SF6 gas leakage, but most of these devices have some limitations. For example, some devices can only detect the concentration of a single gas and cannot monitor the oxygen content simultaneously, resulting in limited applicability in complex environments. In addition, the alarm systems of some devices are not perfect, unable to issue alarms in a timely manner when the gas concentration exceeds the standard or the oxygen content is abnormal, and lacking linkage control with the ventilation system, unable to achieve automated safety protection. These limitations make it difficult for existing devices to meet the scenarios with high safety requirements in practical applications.

[0004] With the development of Internet of Things technology, intelligent monitoring systems are increasingly widely used in the industrial field. For SF6 gas leakage monitoring, a system that can collect and transmit gas concentration data and oxygen content data in real time and has intelligent analysis and linkage control functions is needed. Such a system can not only improve the accuracy and timeliness of monitoring, but also reduce manual intervention through automated control, lower safety risks, and improve the overall safety management level.

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of existing SF6 gas leakage monitoring devices, this patent proposes a sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on the Internet of Things. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on the Internet of Things to solve the technical problems of limited environmental applicability, imperfect alarm system, and lack of automated safety protection in the prior art.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on the Internet of Things, including: The sulfur hexafluoride collection module, including a discharge detection unit and a laser refractive index detection unit, is used to collect sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data in real time; The oxygen content monitoring module, with an oxygen sensor built in, is used to monitor the oxygen content in the environment in real time; The Internet of Things communication module, connected to the sulfur hexafluoride collection module, is used to transmit the detected sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data and oxygen concentration data to the monitoring center in real time; The monitoring center is used to receive the data transmitted by the Internet of Things communication module and, through the built-in data analysis algorithm, realize the real-time monitoring of the sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage situation; The alarm module, connected to the monitoring center, is used to issue an alarm when the gas concentration reaches the threshold value and realize the sound and light alarm function through the alarm device; The fan control module, connected to the alarm module, is used to start the fan for gas discharge after receiving the alarm signal and realize automatic ventilation and air exchange; The voice prompt module is used to remind the on-site personnel to pay attention to safety and realize the voice alarm prompt function through voice synthesis technology.

[0008] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided by the present invention at least include: The present invention can simultaneously monitor the SF6 gas concentration and the oxygen content in the environment, provide a more comprehensive environmental safety assessment. Through the dual monitoring mechanism of the discharge detection unit and the laser refractive index detection unit, it can accurately detect the SF6 gas leakage, effectively make up for the deficiency of the single monitoring function of the existing equipment, and improve the applicability and safety of the monitoring system.

[0009] The present invention has an intelligent alarm function, can automatically issue an alarm, and is linked with the fan control module, can automatically start the fan for ventilation and air exchange, reduce the gas concentration, increase the oxygen concentration, not only can timely remind the on-site personnel to pay attention to safety, but also can automatically take measures to eliminate potential safety hazards, reduce manual intervention, and improve the automation level and safety of the system.

[0010] Through the Internet of Things communication module, the present invention can transmit the monitored SF6 gas concentration and oxygen content data to the monitoring center in real time and support multiple wireless communication protocols to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission.

[0011] The present invention is equipped with a voice prompt module, which can be automatically triggered when the gas concentration exceeds the standard or the oxygen content is abnormal, and provide clear voice alarm prompts to the on-site personnel through voice synthesis technology, enhancing the user-friendliness and adaptability of the system and improving the safety awareness of the on-site personnel. Description of the Drawings

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] Example This embodiment provides a sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on the Internet of Things, which is characterized by comprising: A sulfur hexafluoride acquisition module, including a discharge detection unit and a laser refractive index detection unit, is used to collect sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data in real time; Oxygen content monitoring module, with built-in oxygen sensor, used to monitor the oxygen content in the environment in real time; The Internet of Things communication module is connected to the sulfur hexafluoride acquisition module and is used to transmit the detected sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data and oxygen concentration data to the monitoring center in real time; The monitoring center is used to receive data transmitted by the IoT communication module and realize real-time monitoring of sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage through the built-in data analysis algorithm; The alarm module is connected to the monitoring center and is used to sound an alarm when the gas concentration reaches a threshold value, and realize the sound and light alarm function through the alarm device; The fan control module is connected to the alarm module and is used to start the fan to discharge gas after receiving the alarm signal to achieve automatic ventilation; The voice prompt module is used to remind on-site personnel to pay attention to safety and realize the voice alarm prompt function through speech synthesis technology.

[0016] Please refer to Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] For the sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on the Internet of Things in this embodiment, its hardware deployment should include a sulfur hexafluoride acquisition module, an oxygen content monitoring module, an Internet of Things communication module, a monitoring center, an alarm module, a fan control module and a voice prompt module, wherein: The monitoring center is deployed on the server side; The sulfur hexafluoride collection module, oxygen content monitoring module, Internet of Things communication module, alarm module, fan control module, and voice prompt module are deployed at the terminal.

[0018] The monitoring center is the core module, and the sulfur hexafluoride collection module, oxygen content monitoring module, Internet of Things communication module, alarm module, fan control module, and voice prompt module jointly form the auxiliary module.

[0019] I. Sulfur hexafluoride collection module: The sulfur hexafluoride collection module includes a discharge detection unit and a laser refractive index detection unit; The discharge detection unit includes a high-voltage sensor, a signal processing circuit, and a signal analysis unit, and is used to judge the sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage situation by detecting the very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) generated by arc discharge; The high-voltage sensor uses an optical fiber voltage sensor and is used to detect the very fast transient overvoltage generated by arc discharge; The signal processing circuit includes an amplifier and a filter, and is used to amplify and filter the detected VFTO signal; The signal analysis unit uses a signal processing algorithm to analyze the processed VFTO signal to obtain sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data. The signal processing algorithm includes Fourier transform and wavelet transform; The laser refractive index detection unit includes a laser emitter, an optical sensor, and a refractive index processing unit, and is used to judge the gas leakage situation by detecting the change in the refractive index of sulfur hexafluoride gas for a specific wavelength laser; The laser emitter is used to emit a laser with a specific wavelength, and the specific wavelength is 1064 nm; The optical sensor is aligned with the laser emitter and is used to detect the change in the refractive index of the laser after passing through the sulfur hexafluoride gas; The refractive index processing unit is connected to the optical sensor and can convert the detected refractive index change into sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data.

[0020] It should be noted that the sulfur hexafluoride collection module is a plurality of sulfur hexafluoride collection devices, installed at a position 35 cm above the ground, and can monitor the sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration within 30 square meters in real time.

[0021] The very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) is a transient overvoltage generated during the operation of high-voltage electrical equipment, usually occurring during the operation of high-voltage switchgear (circuit breakers, disconnectors), especially during the opening and closing operations of switchgear; the frequency range of VFTO is between several hundred kilohertz and several megahertz, with a short duration, at the microsecond to millisecond level.

[0022] Relationship between VFTO and gas leakage: Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas mainly plays the roles of insulation and arc extinction in high-voltage equipment. When SF6 gas leaks, the insulation performance inside the equipment will decline, and the characteristics of arc discharge will also change; the leaked SF6 gas will cause changes in the ionization process in the arc channel, thus affecting the characteristics of VFTO generated by arc discharge. The leaked SF6 gas will cause changes in the amplitude, frequency, and duration of VFTO.

[0023] Amplitude change: The leaked SF6 gas will cause a change in the amplitude of the VFTO signal. The amplitude of the VFTO signal may increase during leakage because the energy of arc discharge will increase.

[0024] Frequency change: The leaked SF6 gas will cause a change in the frequency of the VFTO signal. The frequency of the VFTO signal may shift to a higher or lower frequency during leakage because the ionization process in the arc channel changes.

[0025] Duration change: The leaked SF6 gas will cause a change in the duration of the VFTO signal. The duration of the VFTO signal may be prolonged during leakage because the duration of arc discharge will increase.

[0026] A high-voltage sensor is a sensor specifically designed to measure high-voltage signals, usually used for the monitoring and diagnosis of high-voltage electrical equipment. It can detect and measure very fast transient overvoltages (VFTO) generated by arc discharge and convert them into electrical signals that can be processed.

[0027] Optical fiber voltage sensor: It uses the optical characteristics of optical fibers to measure voltage. When VFTO is generated in high-voltage equipment, the optical signal in the optical fiber will change, and the optical signal can be converted into an electrical signal through optoelectronic conversion. It has the advantages of anti-electromagnetic interference, high insulation, and high sensitivity.

[0028] Amplifier: An electronic device used to increase the amplitude of an input signal. In signal processing, an amplifier can amplify a weak VFTO signal to a level suitable for processing.

[0029] Filter: An electronic device used to selectively pass or suppress certain frequency components from an input signal. It can remove noise or interference components in the signal and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal.

[0030] The Fourier transform is a mathematical tool that converts a signal from the time domain to the frequency domain. It can decompose a time signal into a combination of sine waves and cosine waves of different frequencies, thereby revealing the frequency components of the signal.

[0031] Wavelet transform is a mathematical tool that decomposes a signal into wavelet functions of different scales and positions, capable of providing both the time and frequency information of the signal, and is suitable for analyzing non-stationary signals.

[0032] The process of the high-voltage sensor detecting VFTO includes: 1. Signal capture: The high-voltage sensor is installed near high-voltage equipment and can capture the VFTO signal generated by arc discharge in real time. The signal is a high-frequency and transient voltage change with a very short duration.

[0033] 2. Signal conversion: The high-voltage sensor converts the captured high-voltage signal into a lower-voltage signal for subsequent processing. The fiber optic voltage sensor can convert the optical signal into an electrical signal through optoelectronic conversion.

[0034] 3. Signal amplification and filtering: The converted signal is usually weak and needs to be amplified and filtered by a signal processing circuit; the amplifier can enhance the amplitude of the signal, and the filter can remove the noise in the signal and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0035] 4. Signal analysis: The amplified and filtered signal is sent to the signal analysis unit, and the characteristics of the signal, including amplitude, frequency, and duration, are analyzed through signal processing algorithms (Fourier transform, wavelet transform). The change in characteristics can be used as a basis for judging the leakage of SF6 gas.

[0036] A laser emitter is a device that can generate and emit laser light. Laser is a coherent light generated through the stimulated emission process; in the laser refractive index detection unit, the laser emitter uses a solid-state laser or a semiconductor laser and can stably emit laser light of a specific wavelength.

[0037] Emitting laser light with a wavelength of 1064nm: This wavelength of laser light has less loss when propagating in the atmosphere, has good penetration ability and stability, is very sensitive to the change in the refractive index of sulfur hexafluoride gas, and can accurately detect the gas concentration.

[0038] Steps for the laser refractive index detection unit to judge the gas leakage situation by detecting the change in the refractive index of sulfur hexafluoride gas for a specific wavelength of laser light: Optical sensor: Used to detect the laser signal after passing through SF6 gas and can measure the changes in the intensity, phase, or polarization state of the laser.

[0039] Align the optical sensor: Align the laser emitter with the optical sensor to ensure that the laser can accurately irradiate the detection area and be detected by the optical sensor.

[0040] The laser passes through the gas: The emitted laser passes through the detection area, which may contain sulfur hexafluoride gas. If there is a leakage of SF6 gas, the refractive index of the laser will change when passing through the gas.

[0041] Refractive index change: The refractive index of SF6 gas is different from that of air. When laser passes through SF6 gas, its propagation path will shift, resulting in changes in the phase, intensity or polarization state of the laser.

[0042] The refractive index processing unit converts the detected refractive index change into sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data through the following steps: 1. Signal acquisition: The optical sensor detects the refractive index change of the laser and converts it into an electrical signal.

[0043] 2. Data processing: Amplify and filter the signal to remove noise and interference.

[0044] 3. Signal digitization: Convert the analog signal into a digital signal.

[0045] 4. Concentration calculation: Calculate the sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration according to the mathematical model obtained by experimental calibration.

[0046] II. Oxygen content monitoring module: The oxygen content monitoring module includes an oxygen sensor and a data processing unit; The oxygen sensor is used to detect the oxygen concentration in the environment. The oxygen sensor adopts an optical principle and can measure the oxygen concentration in real time; The data processing unit is used to convert the oxygen concentration data into a readable value and perform data calibration and filtering.

[0047] It should be noted that the oxygen sensor is a device that can detect the oxygen concentration in the environment in real time. In the sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system, the role of the oxygen sensor is to ensure that the oxygen concentration in the environment remains at a safe level and prevent the oxygen concentration from being too low due to sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage, thus ensuring personnel safety.

[0048] Optical principle: The oxygen sensor uses an optical principle to measure the oxygen concentration. It uses the absorption characteristics of oxygen for light of a specific wavelength to detect the oxygen concentration. When light passes through a gas containing oxygen, oxygen molecules will absorb light of a specific wavelength, resulting in a decrease in the light intensity. By measuring the change in light intensity, the oxygen concentration can be calculated.

[0049] Data conversion: Convert the original signal (electrical signal) detected by the oxygen sensor into a readable value (percentage concentration %).

[0050] Data calibration: Calibrate the detected data to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results. The calibration process includes zero calibration and range calibration to eliminate the systematic error of the sensor.

[0051] Filtering: Filter the detected data to remove noise and interference components and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the data.

[0052] III. Internet of Things Communication Module: The Internet of Things communication module includes a wireless communication unit, a data encryption unit, and a communication protocol adaptation unit; The wireless communication unit transmits data to the monitoring center through a wireless communication protocol. The wireless communication protocols include Wi-Fi, 4G / 5G, Bluetooth, ZigBee, LoRa, NB-IoT, and RFID. The data includes sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration and oxygen concentration data; The data encryption unit encrypts the transmitted data through an encryption algorithm. The encryption algorithms include symmetric encryption algorithms and asymmetric encryption algorithms; The communication protocol adaptation unit adapts different communication protocols and network environments through protocol conversion technology. The protocol conversion technology includes protocol parsing and protocol encapsulation; The Internet of Things communication module can transmit sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data and oxygen concentration data in real time and supports remote configuration and update.

[0053] It should be noted that Wi-Fi: is suitable for short-range wireless communication and is used for data transmission within a local area network.

[0054] 4G / 5G: is suitable for long-range wireless communication, supports high-speed data transmission, and is suitable for wide area network environments.

[0055] Bluetooth: is suitable for short-range low-power communication and is commonly used for short-range data transmission between devices.

[0056] ZigBee: is suitable for low-power, low-rate wireless communication and is commonly used in sensor networks.

[0057] LoRa: is suitable for long-range low-power communication and is suitable for wide area network coverage in Internet of Things applications.

[0058] NB-IoT: is suitable for low-power wide area networks (LPWANs), supports large-scale device connections, and low-rate data transmission.

[0059] RFID: is suitable for short-range identification and data transmission and is commonly used for item tracking and identity recognition.

[0060] Symmetric encryption algorithm: uses the same key for encryption and decryption. Common symmetric encryption algorithms include AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and DES (Data Encryption Standard).

[0061] Asymmetric encryption algorithm: uses a pair of keys (public key and private key) for encryption and decryption. Common asymmetric encryption algorithms include RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) and ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography).

[0062] Protocol parsing: Parse the received data packets into a recognizable format and extract useful information.

[0063] Protocol encapsulation: Encapsulate the data into data packets that conform to the target protocol format for transmission in different network environments.

[0064] Real-time transmission: The IoT communication module can transmit sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data and oxygen concentration data in real time to ensure that the monitoring center can obtain the latest monitoring information in a timely manner.

[0065] Remote configuration and update: Support remote configuration and update of the IoT communication module through the network for convenient system maintenance and function upgrade.

[0066] IV. Monitoring Center: The monitoring center includes a data receiving unit, a data fusion unit, a data analysis unit, a user interface, and a data storage unit; The data receiving unit, including a network interface and a data buffer, is used to receive sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data and oxygen concentration data transmitted by the IoT communication module; The data fusion unit is used to combine the data of the discharge detection unit and the laser refractive index detection unit to achieve a comprehensive judgment of the sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration; The data analysis unit performs real-time analysis on the sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data through built-in data analysis algorithms to determine whether there is a leakage risk; The data analysis algorithm is a threshold comparison algorithm that can compare the real-time detected sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration with a preset threshold to determine whether it exceeds the safe concentration; The user interface, including a graphical display interface, an alarm information prompt area, and a system status indication area, can display monitoring data, alarm information, and system status in real time. The monitoring data includes gas concentration and location data, the alarm information includes the alarm type and alarm time, and the system status includes device status, communication status, and system health; The data storage unit stores historical data through a storage medium and supports data backup and recovery functions. The storage medium includes hard disks, solid-state drives, and cloud storage.

[0067] It should be noted that the network interface is an interface for data communication between a computer or device and a network, responsible for connecting the device to the network and realizing data sending and receiving.

[0068] The data buffer is an area in the storage device or computer memory used to temporarily store data, which plays a buffering role in network communication to ensure the stability and reliability of data during sending and receiving.

[0069] The steps of combining the data of the discharge detection unit and the laser refractive index detection unit include: 1. Data acquisition: Obtain sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data from the discharge detection unit and the laser refractive index detection unit respectively. The data exists in the form of a time series, and each time point has a corresponding concentration value.

[0070] 2. Data preprocessing: Preprocess the collected data, including removing noise and filling missing values.

[0071] 3. Data alignment: Ensure that the data from different detection units is aligned in time. If the timestamps of data acquisition are inconsistent, time alignment processing is required.

[0072] 4. Fusion algorithm: Use a fusion algorithm to combine the data from different detection units. The fusion algorithms include weighted average, Kalman filter, and neural network.

[0073] 5. Result output: Output the fused data as the final sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration value.

[0074] The code for combining the data of the discharge detection unit and the laser refractive index detection unit using the weighted average method includes: import numpy as np # Example data: Data of the discharge detection unit and the laser refractive index detection unit discharge_data = [100, 102, 105, 103, 104] # Data of the discharge detection unit laser_data = [101, 103, 104, 102, 105] # Data of the laser refractive index detection unit # Data preprocessing: Here, simply use the mean function of numpy to smooth the data discharge_data_smoothed = np.convolve(discharged_data, np.ones(3) / 3,mode='valid') laser_data_smoothed = np.convolve(laser_data, np.ones(3) / 3, mode='valid') # Data alignment: Here, it is assumed that the data is already aligned and the timestamps are consistent # If the timestamps are inconsistent, time alignment processing is required # Data fusion: Use the weighted average method weights = [0.6, 0.4] # The weight of the discharge detection unit is 0.6, and the weight of the laser refractive index detection unit is 0.4

[0075] # Output the fused data print("The concentration data of sulfur hexafluoride gas after fusion:", fused_data) Data analysis algorithms are a series of algorithms used to process and analyze data, aiming to extract useful information from the data. In the sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system, the task of data analysis algorithms is to analyze the sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data in real time and determine whether there is a leakage risk.

[0076] The threshold comparison algorithm is a simple and effective data analysis method. By comparing the real-time detected data with a preset threshold, it determines whether the data exceeds the safe range. If the data exceeds the preset threshold, the system will trigger an alarm or take other measures.

[0077] The following code shows how to implement the threshold comparison algorithm: # Set the threshold of sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration threshold = 1000 # Unit: PPM # Assume that the real-time detected sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data is stored in a list real_time_data = [950, 1020, 980, 1050, 1100] # Traverse the real-time data and perform threshold comparison for concentration in real_time_data: if concentration > threshold: print(f"Alarm: The detected sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration {concentration} PPM exceeds the safety threshold {threshold} PPM") else: print(f"Safe: The detected sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration {concentration} PPM is within the safe range") The graphical display interface is part of the user interface, which visually displays the monitoring data and system status in the form of graphics, charts, and numbers, enabling operators to quickly understand the current monitoring situation and system operation status.

[0078] The alarm information prompt area is used to display alarm information and remind operators to pay attention to potential safety issues.

[0079] The system status indication area is used to display the operating status of the system, including device status and communication status.

[0080] Gas concentration includes sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration: the concentration value of sulfur hexafluoride gas is displayed in real time, with the unit of PPM; oxygen concentration: the oxygen concentration value in the environment is displayed in real time, with the unit of percentage (%).

[0081] Location data includes monitoring point location: the geographical locations of each monitoring point are displayed to facilitate quick positioning of problem areas; device location: the installation locations of each monitoring device are displayed to ensure the reasonable layout of the devices.

[0082] Alarm types include gas concentration exceeding the standard: an alarm is triggered when the sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration exceeds the preset threshold; abnormal oxygen concentration: an alarm is triggered when the oxygen concentration is lower than the preset safety value.

[0083] Alarm time includes trigger time: records the time when the alarm event occurs; processing time: records the processing time of the alarm event for subsequent analysis.

[0084] Device status includes online status: shows whether the device is online to ensure the normal operation of the device; health status: shows the health status of the device, such as battery power, sensor status, etc.

[0085] Communication status includes network connection: shows the network connection status to ensure the stability of data transmission; data transmission: shows the status of data transmission, such as packet loss rate, transmission delay, etc.

[0086] System health includes system load: shows the load situation of the system, including CPU usage rate and memory usage rate; system log: records the log information of the system operation.

[0087] Backup: By regularly copying data to other storage media or locations, when the original data has problems, the backup data can be used for recovery, which can prevent data loss, damage or accidental deletion, and ensure the security and integrity of the data.

[0088] Recovery: When data loss, damage or accidental deletion occurs, the backup data can be restored to the system to enable the system to resume normal operation and reduce the losses caused by data loss.

[0089] A hard disk is a traditional magnetic storage device that stores information by reading and writing data on the surface of a rotating disk through a magnetic head.

[0090] A solid-state drive is a storage device based on semiconductor storage chips that uses flash memory as the storage medium and reads and writes data through electronic signals.

[0091] Cloud storage is a storage method that stores data on remote servers through the network. Users can access and manage the data stored on the cloud server via the Internet without having to purchase and maintain storage devices themselves.

[0092] V. Alarm Module: The alarm module includes an alarm signal unit, an active buzzer alarm device, a flashing light device, a remote notification unit, and an alarm record unit; The alarm signal unit is used to send an alarm signal when the sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration reaches 1000 PPM or the oxygen concentration is lower than 19.5%; The active buzzer alarm device is used to emit a buzzer sound above 100 decibels for audible alarms; The flashing light device includes multiple LED lights with a brightness of 100 lumens, providing visual alarms through the flashing lights; The remote notification unit is used to send alarm information to preset management personnel via communication means when an alarm signal is triggered. The communication means include text messages, emails, and instant messaging software; The alarm record unit is used to record the time of each alarm, the sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration, the oxygen concentration, and the alarm duration, and transmit the alarm records to the monitoring center through the Internet of Things communication module.

[0093] It should be noted that the reasons for sending an alarm signal when the sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration reaches 1000 PPM include industry standards: According to relevant international and domestic safety standards, the safe concentration of sulfur hexafluoride gas is set below 1000 PPM. Exceeding this concentration significantly increases the risk of gas leakage, which may pose a threat to personnel health and equipment safety; Occupational exposure limit: Long-term exposure to high concentrations of sulfur hexafluoride gas will have adverse effects on human health. 1000 PPM is a recognized short-term exposure limit, and immediate measures need to be taken when exceeded; Equipment safety: High concentrations of sulfur hexafluoride gas may have a negative impact on the insulation performance of high-voltage electrical equipment, increasing the risk of equipment failure.

[0094] The reasons for sending an alarm signal when the oxygen concentration is lower than 19.5% include industry standards: According to relevant international and domestic safety standards, the oxygen concentration in a normal environment should be maintained above 19.5%. Below this value, there is insufficient oxygen in the environment, which may cause suffocation of personnel; Occupational exposure limit: An oxygen concentration lower than 19.5% is considered an oxygen-deficient environment, posing a serious threat to personnel safety; Equipment safety: An oxygen-deficient environment may affect the normal operation of equipment, especially equipment that relies on oxygen.

[0095] The active buzzer can directly receive an electrical signal and emit a sound; a volume of at least 100 decibels can ensure that the alarm sound is loud enough to be heard in a noisy environment.

[0096] A 100 - lumen LED light can ensure that the light is bright enough.

[0097] Lighting layout: The LED lights are evenly distributed around the device or at key positions to ensure that the flashing lights can be seen from different angles.

[0098] The preset management personnel refer to those who are pre - set in the system and are responsible for receiving alarm information and taking corresponding measures. Usually, they are members of the equipment maintenance personnel, safety management personnel, or emergency response teams.

[0099] SMS is a service for sending and receiving text messages through the mobile communication network, usually used for sending short messages.

[0100] Email is a service for sending and receiving messages through the Internet. It can contain text, pictures, and attachments, and is suitable for sending detailed information and reports.

[0101] Instant messaging software is software for real - time sending and receiving messages through the Internet. Common instant messaging software includes WeChat, DingTalk, Slack, and Microsoft Teams.

[0102] Recording the specific time of the alarm helps to track the occurrence time of the accident, facilitates subsequent accident investigation and analysis; through the timestamp, the sequence of alarm events can be determined, helping to analyze the development process of the accident; management personnel can quickly understand the latest situation of the alarm event through the alarm time and take response measures in a timely manner.

[0103] Recording the concentration of sulfur hexafluoride gas helps to evaluate the severity of the leakage. Through the concentration data, the scale and diffusion range of the leakage can be judged, providing a basis for taking corresponding measures, helping to optimize the settings of the monitoring system, and improving the sensitivity and accuracy of the system.

[0104] Recording the oxygen concentration at the time of the alarm helps to evaluate the safety of the environment. A low oxygen concentration may indicate an anoxic risk and timely measures need to be taken; through the oxygen concentration data, the cause of the accident can be analyzed, helping to take targeted preventive measures to reduce the occurrence of similar accidents.

[0105] Recording the alarm duration reflects the duration of the dangerous state, helping to evaluate the severity of the risk; a long - duration alarm may indicate a more serious leakage problem and immediate measures need to be taken; through the alarm duration, the timeliness and effectiveness of the emergency response can be evaluated, helping to optimize the emergency response process and improve the response speed.

[0106] VI. Fan control module: The fan control module includes a relay control unit, a wind speed adjustment unit and a fan status monitoring unit; A relay control unit is used to control the start and stop of the fan. The relay control unit automatically starts the fan after receiving an alarm signal to reduce the concentration of sulfur hexafluoride gas, and automatically stops the fan after the alarm signal is released; The wind speed adjustment unit controls the speed of the fan motor through the frequency converter to achieve stepless adjustment of the wind speed to adapt to different gas concentration levels; The fan status monitoring unit is used to monitor the operating status of the fan in real time to ensure that the fan operates within the normal range. The operating status includes the fan speed, current, voltage and temperature. The fan control module is linked to the oxygen content monitoring module. When it is detected that the oxygen concentration is lower than 19.5%, the relay control unit automatically starts the fan to increase the ventilation volume and improve the oxygen concentration.

[0107] It should be noted that a relay is an electrical control device that has an interactive relationship between the control system (input circuit) and the controlled system (output circuit). It is used in automated control circuits and is actually an "automatic switch" that uses a small current to control the operation of a large current.

[0108] The frequency converter is a power control device used to control the power supply frequency of the AC motor, thereby adjusting the speed and torque of the motor.

[0109] The speed of a fan motor refers to the number of revolutions per minute that the motor makes, usually expressed in RPM.

[0110] Current refers to the amount of electricity passing through the motor and is expressed in amperes (A).

[0111] Voltage refers to the voltage supplied to the motor and is expressed in volts (V).

[0112] Temperature refers to the operating temperature of the motor and is usually expressed in degrees Celsius (°C).

[0113] Increasing the ventilation volume includes starting the fan: when the relay receives an alarm signal, the contacts close, connecting the power supply of the fan to start the fan. After the fan starts, fresh air is introduced through the ventilation duct to increase the ventilation volume; adjusting the wind speed: controlling the speed of the fan motor through the frequency converter, increasing the speed of the fan, thereby increasing the ventilation volume; dynamically adjusting the wind speed according to the real-time monitored gas concentration data to ensure the ventilation effect.

[0114] Increasing the oxygen concentration includes ventilation: by increasing the ventilation volume, fresh air is introduced to replace the air containing sulfur hexafluoride gas, thereby increasing the oxygen concentration. The operation of the fan can effectively dilute the high concentration of sulfur hexafluoride gas and reduce its replacement effect on oxygen.

[0115] VII. Voice Prompt Module: The voice prompt module includes a voice synthesis unit and a speaker. The voice synthesis unit is used to generate voice prompt information according to a preset voice template and real-time monitoring data. The voice template includes warning information, safety tips, and operation guides. The speaker is used to play the voice prompt information. The audio output of the speaker is 90 decibels, which can convey voice prompts in a noisy environment. The voice prompt module can remind on-site personnel to pay attention to safety when the sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration exceeds the standard or the oxygen content is abnormal. The voice prompt module can be automatically triggered when an alarm signal is detected to remind on-site personnel.

[0116] It should be noted that for voice synthesis technology: text-to-speech technology is used to convert text information into voice signals.

[0117] Voice template: Multiple voice templates are preset, including warning information ("sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration exceeds the standard", "oxygen concentration is below the safety level"), safety tips ("please evacuate immediately"), and operation guides ("please start the ventilation system", "please contact the maintenance personnel immediately").

[0118] Warning information is a voice prompt used to remind on-site personnel of potential dangers and is triggered when the gas concentration exceeds the standard or the oxygen concentration is abnormal.

[0119] Safety tips are voice prompts used to guide on-site personnel to take specific safety measures, which are triggered when potential dangers are detected and provide specific action suggestions.

[0120] Operation guides are voice prompts used to guide on-site personnel or remote operators to perform specific operations, which are triggered when specific operations are required and provide clear operation steps.

[0121] The audio output of the speaker is 90 decibels, ensuring that it can be heard by on-site personnel even in a noisy environment.

[0122] The speaker supports high-fidelity audio output to ensure the clarity and intelligibility of voice prompt information.

[0123] In addition, it should be noted that the present invention can be provided as a method, apparatus, or computer program product. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention can take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the embodiments of the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media containing computer-usable program code.

[0124] Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, and the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to generate a machine, such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device generate a device for implementing the functions specified in one process Figure 1 one process or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 or multiple blocks.

[0125] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to work in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in one process Figure 1 one process or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 or multiple blocks. These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device, such that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable terminal device to generate a computer-implemented process, and thus the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable terminal device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one process Figure 1 one process or multiple processes and / or blocks Figure 1 or multiple blocks.

[0126] It should also be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. The term "comprising", "including" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or terminal device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising an..." does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or terminal device comprising the element.

[0127] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, for those skilled in the art of this technology, once the basic creative concept of the present invention is known, without departing from the principle described in the present invention, several improvements and refinements can still be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that, Including: The sulfur hexafluoride collection module, including a discharge detection unit and a laser refractive index detection unit, is used to collect sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data in real time; The oxygen content monitoring module, with an oxygen sensor built in, is used to monitor the oxygen content in the environment in real time; The Internet of Things communication module, connected to the sulfur hexafluoride collection module, is used to transmit the detected sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data and oxygen concentration data to the monitoring center in real time; The monitoring center is used to receive the data transmitted by the Internet of Things communication module and, through the built-in data analysis algorithm, realize the real-time monitoring of the sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage situation; The alarm module, connected to the monitoring center, is used to issue an alarm when the gas concentration reaches the threshold value and realize the sound and light alarm function through the alarm device; The fan control module, connected to the alarm module, is used to start the fan for gas discharge after receiving the alarm signal to realize automatic ventilation and air change; The voice prompt module is used to remind the on-site personnel to pay attention to safety and realize the voice alarm prompt function through voice synthesis technology.

2. The sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that The sulfur hexafluoride collection module, the oxygen content monitoring module, the Internet of Things communication module, the monitoring center, the alarm module, the fan control module and the voice prompt module, wherein: The monitoring center is deployed on the server side; The sulfur hexafluoride collection module, the oxygen content monitoring module, the Internet of Things communication module, the alarm module, the fan control module and the voice prompt module are deployed on the terminal; The monitoring center is the core module, and the sulfur hexafluoride collection module, the oxygen content monitoring module, the Internet of Things communication module, the alarm module, the fan control module and the voice prompt module jointly form the auxiliary module.

3. The sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sulfur hexafluoride collection module includes: The discharge detection unit, including a high-voltage sensor, a signal processing circuit and a signal analysis unit, is used to judge the sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage situation by detecting the very fast transient overvoltage VFTO generated by arc discharge; The high-voltage sensor adopts an optical fiber voltage sensor and is used to detect the very fast transient overvoltage generated by arc discharge; The signal processing circuit includes an amplifier and a filter, which are used to amplify and filter the detected VFTO signal; The signal analysis unit uses a signal processing algorithm to analyze the processed VFTO signal to obtain sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data, and the signal processing algorithm includes Fourier transform and wavelet transform; The laser refractive index detection unit, including a laser emitter, an optical sensor and a refractive index processing unit, is used to judge the gas leakage situation by detecting the change of the refractive index of sulfur hexafluoride gas to a laser with a specific wavelength; The laser emitter is used to emit a laser with a specific wavelength, and the specific wavelength is 1064nm; The optical sensor is aligned with the laser emitter and is used to detect the change of the laser refractive index after passing through the sulfur hexafluoride gas; The refractive index processing unit is connected to the optical sensor and can convert the detected refractive index change into sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data.

4. The sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, wherein, The oxygen content monitoring module includes: The oxygen sensor is used to detect the oxygen concentration in the environment. The oxygen sensor adopts an optical principle and can measure the oxygen concentration in real time; A data processing unit for converting oxygen concentration data into readable values and performing data calibration and filtering processing.

5. The sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Internet of Things communication module includes: A wireless communication unit that transmits data to the monitoring center through a wireless communication protocol, which includes Wi-Fi, 4G / 5G, Bluetooth, ZigBee, LoRa, NB-IoT, and RFID. The data includes sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration and oxygen concentration data. A data encryption unit that encrypts the transmitted data through an encryption algorithm, which includes symmetric encryption algorithms and asymmetric encryption algorithms. A communication protocol adaptation unit that adapts different communication protocols and network environments through protocol conversion technology, which includes protocol parsing and protocol encapsulation. The Internet of Things communication module can transmit sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data and oxygen concentration data in real time and supports remote configuration and update.

6. The sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring center includes: A data receiving unit, including a network interface and a data buffer, for receiving sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data and oxygen concentration data transmitted by the Internet of Things communication module. A data fusion unit for combining data from the discharge detection unit and the laser refractive index detection unit to achieve a comprehensive judgment of the sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration. A data analysis unit that analyzes the sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration data in real time through a built-in data analysis algorithm to determine whether there is a leakage risk. The data analysis algorithm is a threshold comparison algorithm that can compare the real-time detected sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration with a preset threshold to determine whether it exceeds the safe concentration. A user interface, including a graphical display interface, an alarm information prompt area, and a system status indication area, which can display monitoring data, alarm information, and system status in real time. The monitoring data includes gas concentration and location data, the alarm information includes alarm type and alarm time, and the system status includes device status, communication status, and system health. A data storage unit that stores historical data through a storage medium and supports data backup and recovery functions. The storage medium includes hard disks, solid-state drives, and cloud storage.

7. The sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that The alarm module includes: An alarm signal unit for emitting an alarm signal when the sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration reaches 1000 PPM or the oxygen concentration is lower than 19.5%. An active buzzer alarm device for emitting a beeping sound above 100 decibels for a sound alarm. A flashing light device, including multiple LED lights with a brightness of 100 lumens, providing a visual alarm through the flashing lights. A remote notification unit for sending alarm information to preset management personnel through a communication method when an alarm signal is triggered. The communication method includes text messages, emails, and instant messaging software. An alarm record unit for recording the time, sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration, oxygen concentration, and alarm duration of each alarm and transmitting the alarm record to the monitoring center through the Internet of Things communication module.

8. The sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fan control module includes: A relay control unit, used to control the start and stop of the fan, the relay control unit automatically starts the fan after receiving an alarm signal to reduce the concentration of sulfur hexafluoride gas, and automatically stops the fan after the alarm signal is released; The wind speed adjustment unit controls the speed of the fan motor through the frequency converter to achieve stepless adjustment of the wind speed to adapt to different gas concentration levels; A fan status monitoring unit is used to monitor the operating status of the fan in real time to ensure that the fan operates within a normal range. The operating status includes the speed, current, voltage and temperature of the fan. The fan control module is linked with the oxygen content monitoring module. When it is detected that the oxygen concentration is lower than 19.5%, the relay control unit automatically starts the fan to increase the ventilation volume and improve the oxygen concentration.

9. The sulfur hexafluoride gas leakage monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voice prompt module comprises: A speech synthesis unit, used to generate voice prompt information according to a preset voice template and real-time monitoring data, wherein the voice template includes warning information, safety prompts and operation instructions; A speaker, used to play voice prompt information, the audio output of the speaker is 90 decibels, which can convey voice prompts in a noisy environment; The voice prompt module can remind on-site personnel to pay attention to safety when the sulfur hexafluoride gas concentration exceeds the standard or the oxygen content is abnormal; The voice prompt module can be automatically triggered when an alarm signal is detected to remind on-site personnel.

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