Simulated surgical suture operation mechanical monitoring and evaluating device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical monitoring and evaluating device and method for simulating surgical suture operation, and relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and the device is characterized in that an optical signal collection device converts a mechanical signal of the simulated surgical suture operation into optical signal data based on a fiber bragg grating when a user performs the simulated surgical suture operation; the fiber bragg grating is embedded in the sewing position of the experimental test model; the data processing and analyzing module is used for preprocessing the optical signal data to obtain preprocessed optical signal data and converting the preprocessed optical signal data into mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation; the suturing operation evaluation module is used for evaluating the simulated surgical suturing operation of the user according to the mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suturing operation to obtain an evaluation result of the simulated surgical suturing process of the user, and high-sensitivity real-time monitoring of the surgical suturing process is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of medical devices, and particularly to a device and method for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suture operations. Background Art

[0002] In current surgical suture practices, doctors mainly evaluate the suture effect by observing indicators such as the morphological changes of the surgical site, tissue tension, suture spacing, and suture depth. This evaluation process mainly relies on the doctor's experience and subjective judgment, lacking tactile feedback and quantitative criteria, resulting in the lack of an objective basis for evaluating suture quality. The evaluation results of different doctors may vary significantly, with certain limitations and uncertainties. With the popularization of laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery, the surgical vision and touch of surgeons are significantly restricted, and they cannot directly touch the tissue, resulting in the inability to perceive subtle changes in tissue tension, elasticity, etc. through touch. It is also difficult for doctors to perceive the real interaction between the instrument and the tissue during the operation, which further affects the evaluation of suture quality. To make up for the deficiencies in traditional evaluation methods, help doctors more accurately evaluate and adjust the surgical process, improve the suture effect, and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications, there is an urgent need for a device and method for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suture operations that can collect real-time interaction data between the instrument and the tissue during the operation and provide quantitative and objective feedback. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a device and method for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suture operations, which can achieve high-sensitivity real-time detection of physical quantities such as suture tension and pressure during the surgical suture process.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, this application provides the following solutions:

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a device for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suture operations, including an optical signal acquisition device, a data processing and analysis module, and a suture operation evaluation module;

[0006] The optical signal acquisition device is used to convert the mechanical signal of the simulated surgical suture operation into optical signal data based on fiber Bragg gratings when the user performs the simulated surgical suture operation; the fiber Bragg gratings are buried at the suture position of the experimental test model;

[0007] The data processing and analysis module is used to preprocess the optical signal data to obtain the preprocessed optical signal data, and convert the preprocessed optical signal data into mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation;

[0008] A suture operation evaluation module for evaluating the user's simulated surgical suture operation based on the mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation, and obtaining an evaluation result of the user's simulated surgical suture process.

[0009] Optionally, the fiber Bragg grating is a reflective fiber Bragg grating, and the optical signal acquisition device includes a light source, a circulator, a spectrometer, and a fiber optic sensor; the fiber optic sensor is embedded at the suture position of the experimental test model;

[0010] The optical signal emitted by the light source is transmitted to the fiber optic sensor through the circulator; the fiber optic sensor is designed based on a reflective fiber Bragg grating. When the user performs a simulated surgical suture operation, it causes an external environmental strain, and the external environmental strain causes a spectral change in the reflective fiber Bragg grating of the fiber optic sensor, resulting in a wavelength shift. The spectral information carried by the reflected signal is transmitted to the spectrometer, converting the mechanical signal of the user's simulated surgical suture operation into optical signal data.

[0011] Optionally, the circulator includes a first interface, a second interface, and a third interface; the first interface is connected to the light source, the second interface is connected to the fiber optic sensor, and the third interface is connected to the spectrometer.

[0012] Optionally, the fiber Bragg grating is a transmissive fiber Bragg grating, and the optical signal acquisition device includes a light source, a spectrometer, and a fiber optic sensor; the fiber optic sensor is designed based on a transmissive fiber Bragg grating;

[0013] When the user performs a simulated surgical suture operation, it causes an external environmental strain. When the optical signal emitted by the light source passes through the transmissive fiber Bragg grating of the fiber optic sensor, it interacts with the strain of the external environment to cause a spectral change, and the spectral information is captured by the spectrometer, converting the mechanical signal of the user's simulated surgical suture operation into optical signal data.

[0014] Optionally, the preprocessing includes filtering, noise removal, and baseline correction.

[0015] Optionally, in terms of converting the preprocessed optical signal data into mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation, the data processing and analysis module is used for:

[0016] Converting the preprocessed optical signal data into mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation according to a pre-established fiber Bragg grating strain-wavelength drift calibration mathematical model.

[0017] Optionally, the implantation position of the fiber Bragg grating is determined by the type of simulated surgery and the suture area.

[0018] Optionally, the mechanical monitoring and evaluation device for simulated surgical suturing operations further includes a real-time implant depth monitoring module, which is used to monitor the implant depth of the fiber Bragg grating in real time, so that the difference between the implant depth of the fiber Bragg grating and the set depth is within the target error range.

[0019] Optionally, the fiber Bragg grating is embedded or adhered at the suturing position of the experimental test model.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suturing operations based on the device for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suturing operations described in the first aspect, including the following steps:

[0021] When the user performs a simulated surgical suturing operation, convert the mechanical signal of the simulated surgical suturing operation into optical signal data based on the fiber Bragg grating; the fiber Bragg grating is embedded at the suturing position of the experimental test model;

[0022] Preprocess the optical signal data to obtain preprocessed optical signal data, and convert the preprocessed optical signal data into mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suturing operation;

[0023] Evaluate the user's simulated surgical suturing operation according to the mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suturing operation to obtain an evaluation result of the user's simulated surgical suturing process.

[0024] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present application, the following technical effects are disclosed:

[0025] The present application provides a device and method for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suturing operations. The fiber Bragg grating is embedded at the suturing position of the experimental test model. When the user performs a simulated surgical suturing operation, the mechanical signal of the simulated surgical suturing operation is converted into optical signal data based on the fiber Bragg grating. Then, the optical signal data is preprocessed to obtain preprocessed optical signal data, and the preprocessed optical signal data is converted into mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suturing operation. According to the mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suturing operation, the user's simulated surgical suturing operation is evaluated to obtain an evaluation result of the user's simulated surgical suturing process. By monitoring the mechanical changes caused by the suturing operation through the fiber Bragg grating and converting the mechanical changes into optical signal fluctuation data that can be accurately measured and analyzed, an objective and quantitative suturing quality evaluation standard is established. Description of the Drawings

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a block diagram of a device for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suture operations provided by the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of an optical signal acquisition device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber sensor provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a set of professional suture standard sensing spectral drift diagrams provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram showing the change of the standard sensing spectral wavelength with time provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 6 It is an experimental suture sensing spectral drift diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram showing the change of the experimental sensing spectral wavelength with time provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of an optical signal acquisition device provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application;

[0035] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the simulated suture operation of a transmissive fiber grating and a reflective fiber grating provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 10 It is a side view of a reflective fiber grating suture model provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 11 It is a side view of a transmissive fiber grating suture model provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 12 It is a schematic flowchart of a method for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suture operations provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application.

[0039] Reference numerals:

[0040] Light source - 1, circulator - 2, first interface - 21, second interface - 22, third interface - 23, fiber optic sensor - 3, spectrometer - 4, fiber core - 5, cladding - 6, suture - 7. Detailed implementation

[0041] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0042] Related technologies are difficult to monitor the suturing operation in real time and accurately during the surgical process. The stress state of tissues during the surgical process is a dynamically changing process. Traditional means cannot timely capture the detailed mechanical changes caused by each operation step and cannot provide immediate feedback to the doctor, which is not conducive to timely discovering and correcting possible suturing problems, such as over - tight or over - loose suturing, uneven tissue stress, etc. In addition, regarding the impact of the suturing operation on the tissue mechanical environment, related technologies lack in - depth analysis means and detailed data support, and cannot accurately understand mechanical parameters such as the stress distribution and strain changes inside the tissue during the suturing process. This makes it lack a scientific basis when studying the impact of suturing techniques on tissue healing, and it is difficult to optimize suturing methods and material selection from a mechanical perspective, restricting the further development of surgical techniques.

[0043] To make the above - mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0044] Embodiment 1

[0045] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment provides a device for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suturing operations, which includes an optical signal acquisition device, a data processing and analysis module, and a suturing operation evaluation module.

[0046] The optical signal acquisition device is used to convert the mechanical signals of the simulated surgical suturing operation into optical signal data based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) when the user performs the simulated surgical suturing operation; the fiber Bragg gratings are buried at the suturing positions of the experimental test model.

[0047] Optical signal acquisition device: List the models of the high-precision optical measurement devices used (such as spectrometer 4 or fiber Bragg grating demodulator), the main technical parameters (wavelength resolution, measurement accuracy, sampling frequency, etc.), describe the connection method between the device and the fiber Bragg grating and the signal transmission path, emphasize how the device realizes real-time and accurate acquisition of optical signals, and the suppression measures for environmental interference (such as optical noise, electromagnetic interference, etc.). Select a high-precision and high-resolution spectrometer 4 (Spectrometer) as the main optical signal acquisition device, whose wavelength resolution should reach the set value (unit: pm) or below, and be able to accurately measure the wavelength change of the reflected or transmitted optical signal of the fiber Bragg grating.

[0048] Preparation and implantation of fiber Bragg grating: The implantation position of the fiber Bragg grating is determined by the type of simulated surgery and the suture area. The fiber Bragg grating is buried at the suture position of the experimental test model by embedding or bonding methods.

[0049] Fiber Bragg grating selection: Explain in detail the type and characteristics of the selected fiber Bragg grating, such as sensitivity to small strain, wavelength response range, photoelastic effect characteristics, etc., and why these characteristics make it suitable for monitoring the mechanics of simulated surgical sutures. At the same time, mention the considerations and verification of biocompatibility. In this embodiment, a fiber Bragg grating (Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG) can be selected, which has excellent strain sensitivity, and the sensitivity to small strain is not less than the set wavelength drift value με / pm (wavelength drift per picometer of microstrain), ensuring that it can keenly capture the subtle mechanical changes during the suture operation.

[0050] Considering the complexity of the biological tissue environment, the selected fiber Bragg grating must have excellent biocompatibility. Its outer layer is coated with a special biocompatible coating, such as parylene coating, which can not only prevent the fiber Bragg grating from having adverse effects on the simulated tissue and the human body, but also ensure the stability of its optical performance in the biological environment, ensuring long-term and reliable monitoring.

[0051] Conduct a comprehensive performance test on the selected fiber Bragg grating, including wavelength drift characteristic test, optical signal transmission loss test, and long-term stability evaluation under different strain levels, to ensure that its performance indicators meet the strict requirements of monitoring the mechanics of simulated surgical sutures.

[0052] Implantation and fixation method: Describe the specific operation steps of implanting the fiber Bragg grating into the simulated surgical model, including the basis for choosing the implantation position (such as near the suture area, key stress-bearing parts, etc.), the control method of the implantation depth; explain the reasons for choosing the fixation method (embedding or adhesive fixation), and how to ensure the stability of the fiber Bragg grating in the model and good contact with the tissue to ensure effective transmission of stress and strain.

[0053] (1) Selection of implantation position

[0054] According to the type of surgery and the anatomical structure characteristics of the specific suture area, the implantation position of the fiber Bragg grating is carefully selected. For the skin simulation suture scenario, the fiber Bragg grating is accurately implanted below or on the side of the expected path of the suture 7, and as close to the skin surface as possible, so as to ensure that the direct mechanical effects of the suture operation on the skin tissue can be sensed to the greatest extent. The implantation depth is controlled within the range of 0.5 - 1 mm. For example, when performing abdominal skin simulation suture, the fiber Bragg grating can be buried at a depth of 0.5 - 1 mm from the skin surface along the expected incision direction, where stress transmission can be effectively received and it will not be directly damaged during the suture process due to being too close to the surface. For example, in facial plastic surgery simulation, the fiber Bragg grating is implanted at a set interval distance (in millimeters) along the predetermined incision direction to ensure full coverage of the suture area, so as to accurately monitor the mechanical changes in this area during the suture process.

[0055] When it comes to internal tissue simulation suture, such as simulating the suture of organs such as the heart and liver, the fiber Bragg grating is skillfully placed near the tissue junction or the key stress-bearing area. For example, when simulating gastric surgery suture, the fiber Bragg grating can be distributed in a ring around the gastric wall suture area or arranged linearly along the direction of the suture 7, so as to accurately monitor the mechanical changes in different directions and positions. At the same time, considering the physiological structure and movement characteristics of the tissue, avoid the implantation of the fiber Bragg grating from affecting the normal function of the tissue or causing abnormal stress. Taking the heart simulation surgery as an example, the fiber Bragg grating can be distributed in a ring or spiral along the heart blood vessel suture site, maintaining a set distance (in millimeters) from the blood vessel wall, so as to accurately capture the mechanical dynamic changes during blood vessel suture.

[0056] (2) Implantation depth control

[0057] The mechanical monitoring and evaluation device for simulated surgical suture operation also includes a real-time implantation depth monitoring module, which is used to monitor the implantation depth of the fiber Bragg grating in real time, so that the difference between the implantation depth of the fiber Bragg grating and the set depth is within the target error range. The real-time implantation depth monitoring module includes a depth measurement tool.

[0058] Precise measurement tools and implantation techniques are used to control the implantation depth of the fiber Bragg grating. During the model making process, high-precision depth measurement tools, such as laser rangefinders or micro-displacement sensors, are used to assist in determining the implantation depth of the fiber Bragg grating. During the model making process, for soft simulated tissues, implantation tool needles with precise depth markings (such as special micro-needles or catheters) are used, and the depth is monitored and finely adjusted in real time during the implantation process to ensure that the error is strictly controlled within ±0.2 mm (the target error range).

[0059] According to the mechanical properties and physiological structures of different simulated tissue types, establish a scientific and reasonable corresponding implantation depth standard. For example, when simulating the suture of soft tissue on the bone surface, the implantation depth of the fiber Bragg grating can be set to be slightly deeper than the attachment layer of the soft tissue and the bone. The implantation depth of the fiber Bragg grating is set to 2-3 mm. This can not only ensure the close contact between the fiber Bragg grating and the soft tissue, but also avoid unnecessary interaction with the bone due to too deep implantation. For simple soft tissue simulated suture (such as intestinal simulated suture or simulated blood vessel suture), the implantation depth is relatively shallow, and the implantation depth of the fiber Bragg grating is controlled within 0.3-0.5 mm to ensure that the fiber Bragg grating can accurately sense the mechanical changes of the corresponding tissue during the suture operation.

[0060] (3) Fixation method selection and operation

[0061] Embedding method: If the fiber Bragg grating is fixed by the embedding method, at the initial stage of making the simulated surgical model, grooves or channels matching the size of the fiber Bragg grating are pre-designed according to the size of the fiber Bragg grating. Carefully place the fiber Bragg grating in the groove, and then use a biocompatible filling material to fill the groove, such as biocompatible silicone, medical silicone or special gel materials, to ensure that the fiber Bragg grating fits tightly against the groove wall without any gaps or looseness. After filling, use a precision grinding tool to carefully level the surface of the model to ensure the continuity and flatness of the model surface, and ensure that it will not interfere with the fiber Bragg grating during subsequent suture operations.

[0062] Adhesive fixation (bonding method): When using a biocompatible adhesive for fixation, select a medical adhesive that has passed strict biosecurity tests and has no adverse effects on the optical properties of the fiber Bragg grating, such as cyanoacrylate adhesives. After implanting the fiber Bragg grating, use a micro glue applicator or a precision syringe to evenly apply an appropriate amount of adhesive to the part where the fiber Bragg grating contacts the simulated tissue, ensuring that the adhesive fully covers the surface of the fiber Bragg grating, but not overly piled up. Strictly control the adhesive thickness within 0.1-0.2 mm to avoid increasing unnecessary thickness and affecting stress transmission. During the curing process of the adhesive, the curing time is determined according to the adhesive properties, generally 1-5 minutes. Keep the model stable to ensure that the fiber Bragg grating is firmly fixed in the model and prevent the fiber Bragg grating from shifting.

[0063] When the fiber Bragg grating is a reflective fiber Bragg grating, for the reflective fiber Bragg grating structure, the change of the reflection spectrum of the FBG is mainly detected. Specifically, the light emitted by the broadband light source 1 enters the FBG sensor through the circulator 2. The FBG reflects light of a specific wavelength (Bragg wavelength), and the rest of the light is transmitted.

[0064] As Figure 2 shown, the optical signal acquisition device includes a light source 1, a circulator 2, an optical fiber sensor 3 and a spectrometer 4. The structure of the optical fiber sensor 3 is as Figure 3As shown, it consists of a core 5 and a cladding 6. The cladding 6 wraps around the core 5, and the fiber optic sensor 3 is embedded at the suture position of the experimental test model. The light source 1 is used to generate optical signals; its wavelength range is from 600 nm to 1700 nm, which can cover the visible light and near-infrared spectra, providing optical support for various applications. The spectrometer 4 is connected to the fiber grating through a low-loss optical fiber. The connection method uses fusion splicing or high-precision optical fiber connectors to minimize the loss during the transmission of optical signals to ensure the accuracy of measurement.

[0065] The optical signal emitted by the light source 1 is transmitted to the fiber optic sensor 3 through the circulator 2; the fiber optic sensor 3 is designed based on a reflective fiber grating. When the user performs a simulated surgical suture operation, it causes an external environmental strain. The external environmental strain causes a spectral change in the reflective fiber grating of the fiber optic sensor 3, the wavelength shifts, and the spectral information carried by the reflected signal is transmitted to the spectrometer 4, converting the mechanical signal of the user's simulated surgical suture operation into optical signal data.

[0066] The circulator 2 includes a first interface 21, a second interface 22, and a third interface 23; the first interface 21 is connected to the light source 1, the second interface 22 is connected to the fiber optic sensor 3, and the third interface 23 is connected to the spectrometer 4. The function of the circulator 2 is that it guides the input light from the light source 1 to the FBG sensor and transmits the optical signal reflected by the FBG to the detector, avoiding interference between the input light and the reflected light. Ensure that the signal received by the detector mainly comes from the reflected light of the FBG, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio, simplifying the system design, making the optical path more compact and stable. The circulator 2 can prevent the reflected light from returning to the light source 1, avoiding performance degradation or damage to the light source 1.

[0067] Specifically, the light source 1 is sequentially connected to the first interface 21 of the circulator 2 through a signal transmission optical fiber. The second interface 22 of the circulator 2 is connected to the fiber optic sensor 3, and the third interface 23 is connected to the spectrometer 4. That is, the optical signal emitted by the light source 1 is introduced through the first interface 21 of the circulator 2 and transmitted through the second interface 22 to the fiber optic sensor 3 embedded at the suture position of the experimental test model.

[0068] The fiber optic sensor 3 is designed based on a reflective fiber grating, allowing optical signals to be transmitted within the core 5 and reflected on the end face of the optical fiber. When an external strain (such as suture tension or pressure) is applied, the Bragg wavelength shifts, and the spectral information carried by the reflected signal is transmitted to the spectrometer 4 through the third interface 23 of the circulator 2 for data analysis by the signal processing device (i.e., the data processing and analysis module). The system realizes high-sensitivity detection and evaluation of physical quantities during the surgical suture process by real-time monitoring the spectral shift amount.

[0069] The fiber optic sensor 3 is a reflective fiber Bragg grating, which allows an optical signal to be transmitted through the fiber Bragg grating and reflected on the end face. When the optical signal is transmitted from the first interface 21 of the circulator 2 to the circulator 2 through the signal transmission optical fiber and then transmitted to the fiber optic sensor 3 through the second interface 22, under the condition of external strain change, the spectrum reflected back by the fiber end face is captured by the spectrometer 4 connected to the third interface 23, thereby achieving precise detection of the environment.

[0070] To reduce the influence of ambient light and other electromagnetic interferences on the measurement results, the simulated surgical suture operation mechanics monitoring and evaluation device provided in this application further includes a shielding module. The shielding module sets shielding devices, such as a metal shielding cover or an electromagnetic shielding chamber, around the spectrometer 4 and the fiber Bragg grating, and at the same time grounds the optical signal acquisition device to improve the anti-interference ability of the system.

[0071] The principle of monitoring the mechanical changes during the suture operation includes the stress-strain transfer mechanism and the relationship between photoelastic effect and optical signal changes.

[0072] Stress-strain transfer mechanism: Explain how simulated surgical suture operations (such as suture needle movement, suture thread 7 tension change, etc.) cause deformation of skin tissue or model materials, and then through the mechanical transfer between tissues, the fiber Bragg grating is stretched, compressed or bent. Schematic diagrams can be used to assist in explaining the transfer path and method of stress-strain from the suture site to the fiber Bragg grating.

[0073] During simulated surgical suturing, the puncture of the suture needle and the tightening action of the suture thread 7 will cause deformation of the simulated tissue, generating stress and strain. These stress and strain are transmitted to the embedded fiber Bragg grating through the fiber structure inside the tissue, the connections between cells, and the interactions between tissues.

[0074] Taking skin simulated suturing as an example, when the suture thread 7 is tightened, radial compressive stress and tangential tensile stress are generated in the skin tissue near the suture thread 7. These stresses spread around along the tissue fiber network. Due to the close contact with the tissue, the fiber Bragg grating will be stretched, compressed or bent with the deformation of the tissue, and its degree of deformation is related to the stress and strain state of the tissue.

[0075] To accurately describe the stress-strain transfer process, a mechanical model is established. Assuming that the tissue is an anisotropic elastic material (considering the mechanical property differences of different tissues in different directions), according to the theory of elasticity, calculate the propagation path, distribution law of stress in the tissue, and the stress refraction and reflection at different tissue interfaces (such as the skin and subcutaneous tissue interface), so as to determine the effective stress components transmitted to the fiber Bragg grating.

[0076] Relationship between photoelastic effect and optical signal change: Deeply elaborate on the principle of the photoelastic effect of fiber Bragg gratings, that is, how strain causes changes in the refractive indices of the core 5 and the cladding 6; combined with the resonance principle of fiber Bragg gratings (such as the Bragg grating resonance equation), quantitatively derive the relationship between refractive index change and resonance wavelength drift in detail, establish a mathematical model between the wavelength drift amount and mechanical change amounts (stress, strain), and illustrate how to invert the mechanical changes caused by suture operations by monitoring the wavelength change of optical signals.

[0077] Fiber Bragg gratings have a photoelastic effect. When subjected to external forces and generating strain, the refractive indices of their cores 5 and claddings 6 will change. For fiber Bragg gratings, their resonance wavelength λ is related to the grating period Λ and the effective refractive index of the mode, and satisfies the resonance equation.

[0078] When the strain causes a change in the refractive index, the resonance wavelength will drift. Through experiments and theoretical derivations, a quantitative relationship between strain, refractive index change, and wavelength drift is established. The entire action process mainly involves two important formulas, that is, the change in the external strain ε will cause a change in the fiber Bragg grating period due to its physical effect, and the effective refractive index of the fiber Bragg grating will change at the central wavelength position due to the photoelastic effect of the fiber. The specific formulas are as follows:

[0079]

[0080] Formula (2) is the relative change in the effective refractive index Δn eff , and p e is the effective photoelastic coefficient. Formula (3) is the relative change in the fiber Bragg grating period ΔΛ.

[0081] Considering the complex stress state of the fiber Bragg grating during suture operations, including multi-directional stretching, bending, etc., the tensor analysis method is used to describe the photoelastic effect. Establish a connection between the stress tensor, strain tensor, and refractive index change tensor to accurately calculate the change in refractive index under different stress states, and then accurately predict the amount of resonance wavelength drift.

[0082] The data processing and analysis module is used to preprocess the optical signal data to obtain the preprocessed optical signal data, and convert the preprocessed optical signal data into mechanical parameters corresponding to simulated surgical suture operations. The preprocessing includes filtering, noise removal, and baseline correction.

[0083] The collected optical signal data is transmitted to a computer or a dedicated data processing unit through a data acquisition card. In the data processing software, first preprocess the collected data, including operations such as filtering to remove noise and baseline correction, to improve the quality of the data.

[0084] Data processing and analysis method: The algorithm process for converting the collected optical signal data into mechanical parameter data, including data preprocessing steps (such as filtering, noise reduction, baseline correction, etc.), the calculation method of wavelength drift amount, and the calculation process of converting the wavelength drift amount into stress and strain values using a pre-established mechanical model; introduce the data analysis methods (such as time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis, etc.) for analyzing the variation of fluctuation signals at different positions of the fiber grating, and draw mechanical change curves through these analyses (including the physical quantities represented by the abscissa and ordinate of the curve, the corresponding relationship between the morphological characteristics of the curve and the suture operation and mechanical changes, etc.), and evaluate the suture quality (such as setting evaluation indicators, thresholds, etc.) and optimize the suture technique (such as the basis and method for adjusting the suture technique, parameters, etc.) based on these data and curves.

[0085] A specific algorithm is used to convert the wavelength drift amount of the optical signal into the corresponding mechanical parameter changes (stress and strain values). For example, according to the pre-established fiber grating strain-wavelength drift calibration curve or mathematical model, data conversion calculations are performed.

[0086] In terms of converting the preprocessed optical signal data into the mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation, the data processing and analysis module is used to: convert the preprocessed optical signal data into the mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation according to the pre-established fiber grating strain-wavelength drift calibration mathematical model.

[0087] Analyze the variation of the fluctuation signals at different positions of the fiber grating, use time-domain analysis methods (such as calculating characteristic parameters such as the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the signal) and frequency-domain analysis methods (such as Fourier transform), and draw mechanical change curves to show the stress and strain distribution at different stages and positions during the suture process.

[0088] The suture operation evaluation module is used to evaluate the user's simulated surgical suture operation based on the mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation, and obtain the evaluation result of the user's simulated surgical suture process.

[0089] Based on the mechanical change curve, set the indicators and thresholds for evaluating the suture quality. For example, by analyzing parameters such as the stress concentration area and the uniformity of strain change, determine whether the suture operation meets the quality requirements. At the same time, compare the monitoring results with the known good suture standard data to provide real-time feedback and improvement suggestions for doctors and assist in optimizing the suture technique. By setting the thresholds of parameters such as the stress concentration area and the uniformity of strain change, and comparing the calculated results of the mechanical parameters with the thresholds of parameters such as the stress concentration area and the uniformity of strain change, the quality of the suture operation can be effectively evaluated. When the mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation are not greater than the set thresholds, it indicates that the suture operation is qualified and meets the requirements of the surgical suture quality. When the mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation are greater than the set thresholds, it indicates that the suture operation is unqualified and optimization measures need to be taken to re-evaluate the process or design until the mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation meet the threshold requirements.

[0090] Embed the fiber optic sensor 3 at the suture position of the test model, and adopt a reflective or transmissive fiber Bragg grating design. According to the drift amount of the experimental spectrum and its change trend over time, analyze the strain characteristics during the suture process. By comparing with the spectral change diagram of the professional suture standard, evaluate the quality and tension distribution of the experimental suture. Using the professional suture standard, record the spectral drift diagram of the fiber optic sensor 3 during suture and the drift diagram of the spectral wavelength of the fiber optic sensor 3 changing over time, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 respectively, Figure 4 where the abscissa is the wavelength in nm and the ordinate is the transmission intensity in dB; Figure 5 in Figure 6 and Figure 7 respectively, Figure 6 where the abscissa is the wavelength in nm and the ordinate is the transmission intensity in dB; Figure 7 in

[0091] Preliminary operation process: Embed the fiber Bragg grating into the model. The simulated suture operations of the transmissive fiber Bragg grating and the reflective fiber Bragg grating are as shown in Figure 9 where A is the simulated suture operation of the transmissive fiber Bragg grating and B is the simulated suture operation of the reflective fiber Bragg grating. Simulate a simple suture operation. The side view of the suture model of the reflective fiber Bragg grating and the side view of the suture model of the transmissive fiber Bragg grating are as shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 respectively. During the operation, the fiber Bragg grating senses pressure due to the operation and thus generates a certain waveform.

[0092] The device is specifically manifested as the change in the transmission spectrum that can be detected by the spectrometer 4. Based on the relationship between the fiber grating and the strain, the change in the strain is finally transmitted as the change in the spectrum. Taking the transmission type as an example for the comparison of the offset, the offset refers to the left or right offset of the Bragg center wavelength with the specific operation time (corresponding to the operation steps). The offset can specifically correspond to the corresponding operation, set the standard operation process, and compare different experimental values, which is specifically manifested as the wavelength offset (Δλ) between the center wavelengths.

[0093] Example 2

[0094] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides another device for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suture operations. The specific limitations in one or more of the following embodiments of the device for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suture operations can refer to the limitations of the device for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suture operations in Embodiment 1, which will not be elaborated here.

[0095] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment provides a device for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suture operations, which includes an optical signal acquisition device, a data processing and analysis module, and a suture operation evaluation module.

[0096] The optical signal acquisition device is used to convert the mechanical signal of the simulated surgical suture operation into optical signal data based on the fiber grating when the user performs the simulated surgical suture operation; the fiber grating is buried at the suture position of the experimental test model.

[0097] The data processing and analysis module is used to preprocess the optical signal data to obtain the preprocessed optical signal data, and convert the preprocessed optical signal data into the mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation.

[0098] The suture operation evaluation module is used to evaluate the user's simulated surgical suture operation according to the mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation, and obtain the evaluation result of the user's simulated surgical suture process.

[0099] Different from Embodiment 1, the fiber grating used in this embodiment is a transmissive fiber grating. The optical signal acquisition device includes a light source 1, a spectrometer 4, and a fiber optic sensor 3. The optical signal acquisition device is as Figure 8 shown; the fiber optic sensor 3 is designed based on the transmissive fiber grating. When the user performs the simulated surgical suture operation, it causes an external environmental strain. When the optical signal emitted by the light source 1 passes through the transmissive fiber grating of the fiber optic sensor 3, it interacts with the external environmental strain to cause a change in the spectrum, and the spectral information is captured by the spectrometer 4, converting the mechanical signal of the user's simulated surgical suture operation into optical signal data.

[0100] Specifically, the light source 1 is directly connected to the transmissive fiber Bragg grating sensor through a signal transmission optical fiber, and the output end of the sensor is directly connected to the spectrometer 4. That is, when the optical signal emitted by the light source 1 passes through the transmissive fiber Bragg grating, the interaction with the strain of the external environment causes spectral changes, and the spectral information is directly captured by the spectrometer 4. The fiber optic sensor 3 is designed based on the transmissive fiber Bragg grating and can output in real time the spectral changes caused by external strain, thereby realizing high-sensitivity detection of physical quantities such as suture tension and pressure.

[0101] Embodiment 3

[0102] This embodiment provides a method for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of a simulated surgical suture operation based on the device for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of a simulated surgical suture operation described in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2. The implementation solution provided by this method to solve the problem is similar to the implementation solution described in the device for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of a simulated surgical suture operation in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2. Therefore, the specific limitations in one or more of the following embodiments of the method for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of a simulated surgical suture operation can refer to the limitations of the device for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of a simulated surgical suture operation in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0103] As Figure 12 shown, the method for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of a simulated surgical suture operation provided in this embodiment includes the following steps.

[0104] Step S1: When the user performs a simulated surgical suture operation, convert the mechanical signal of the simulated surgical suture operation into optical signal data based on the fiber Bragg grating; the fiber Bragg grating is buried at the suture position of the experimental test model.

[0105] Step S2: Preprocess the optical signal data to obtain the preprocessed optical signal data, and convert the preprocessed optical signal data into mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation.

[0106] Step S3: Evaluate the user's simulated surgical suture operation according to the mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation to obtain the evaluation result of the user's simulated surgical suture process.

[0107] The present application also provides an application scenario, which applies the above-mentioned method for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suturing operations. Specifically: The method for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suturing operations provided in this embodiment can be applied in a simulated surgical suturing evaluation scenario. The simulated surgical suturing evaluation scenario includes a suturing evaluation request generation link and a simulated surgical suturing evaluation link; the suturing evaluation request to be processed enters the simulated surgical suturing evaluation link from the suturing evaluation request generation link, and the evaluation result of the corresponding simulated surgical suturing process is obtained through a human-machine collaboration method. The method for monitoring and evaluating the mechanics of simulated surgical suturing operations provided in this embodiment belongs to the simulated surgical suturing evaluation link. Specifically, in the process of the simulated surgical suturing evaluation link for the suturing evaluation request, when the user performs a simulated surgical suturing operation, the mechanical signal of the simulated surgical suturing operation can be converted into optical signal data based on the fiber Bragg grating, and then the optical signal data is preprocessed to obtain the preprocessed optical signal data, and the preprocessed optical signal data is converted into mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suturing operation. According to the mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suturing operation, the user's simulated surgical suturing operation is evaluated to obtain the evaluation result of the user's simulated surgical suturing process.

[0108] The present application utilizes the unique advantage of the fiber Bragg grating being sensitive to strain. The fiber Bragg grating used in the fiber optic sensor 3 has a core mode 5 that is sensitive to external strain. When it is subjected to external strain, its Bragg wavelength will shift. By quantifying the shift amount, the monitoring of the entire suturing process can be realized and the evaluation purpose can be achieved, realizing the high-sensitivity real-time detection of physical quantities such as suture tension and pressure during the surgical suturing process. Its structure is simple, which can reduce production costs, and it is easy to prepare, with a wider range of applications. The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0109] (1) Provide an objective and quantitative evaluation standard

[0110] The present application focuses on the technological innovation of accurately monitoring and evaluating the mechanical changes in suturing operations in a simulated surgical environment. The aim is to accurately monitor the mechanical changes caused by suturing operations through fiber Bragg gratings, convert the mechanical changes into precisely measurable, analyzable, and quantifiable optical signal fluctuation data, thereby establishing an objective and quantitative suture quality evaluation standard, providing real-time feedback to surgeons, and assisting in optimizing suturing techniques. Whether it is an experienced doctor or a novice doctor, they can evaluate the suture quality according to the same standard, improving the accuracy and consistency of the evaluation results, reducing the interference of human factors, and promoting the standardized management of surgical quality.

[0111] (2) Achieve real-time dynamic monitoring

[0112] Utilizing the real-time sensing characteristics of fiber Bragg gratings, continuously monitor the mechanical changes of tissues during the simulated surgical suture process, and immediately obtain the changes in the fluctuation signals caused by each suture operation step. Doctors can adjust operation parameters such as suture techniques and forces in a timely manner according to the real-time feedback information, ensuring uniform and appropriate tissue stress during the suture process, improving the accuracy and success rate of the surgery, reducing the surgical risks, such as reducing the occurrence of complications such as tissue ischemia and poor healing caused by improper suture.

[0113] (3) Assisting surgical skill training and improvement

[0114] For medical education and surgical skill training, this application provides an intuitive and quantitative teaching tool. Trainees can deeply understand the impact of different suture operations (such as basic instrument suture, ultrasonic scalpel suture, electrocautery suture, laser suture, etc.) on tissues by observing the relationship between the fiber Bragg grating fluctuation signals and operation techniques, quickly master the correct suture techniques, reduce the extended learning curve and surgical error risks caused by improper operations, and contribute to improving the overall medical level.

[0115] (4) Facilitating mechanical analysis and technology optimization

[0116] By analyzing in detail the mechanical change data monitored by fiber Bragg gratings, deeply understand the stress-strain distribution law of tissues during the suture operation process, and provide a scientific basis for studying the impact of different suture techniques and materials on the tissue mechanical environment. Based on these data, the suture plan can be further optimized, and suture techniques and materials that better meet the physiological mechanics requirements can be developed, promoting the innovation and development of surgical techniques, improving the postoperative rehabilitation effect of patients, reducing the incidence of postoperative complications, promoting the rehabilitation of patients, and driving the progress of the medical field in surgical operation techniques.

[0117] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of concise description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope recorded in this specification.

[0118] Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of this application; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope according to the idea of this application. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to this application.

Claims

1. A mechanical monitoring and evaluation device for simulating surgical suture operation, characterized in that The mechanical monitoring and evaluation device for simulated surgical suture operation includes an optical signal acquisition device, a data processing and analysis module, and a suture operation evaluation module; The optical signal acquisition device is used to convert the mechanical signals of the simulated surgical suture operation into optical signal data based on fiber Bragg gratings when the user performs the simulated surgical suture operation; the fiber Bragg gratings are embedded at the suture position of the experimental test model; The data processing and analysis module is used to preprocess the optical signal data to obtain the preprocessed optical signal data, and convert the preprocessed optical signal data into mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation; The suture operation evaluation module is used to evaluate the user's simulated surgical suture operation according to the mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation, and obtain the evaluation result of the user's simulated surgical suture process.

2. The mechanical monitoring and evaluation device for simulating surgical suture operation according to claim 1, wherein The fiber Bragg grating is a reflective fiber Bragg grating, and the optical signal acquisition device includes a light source, a circulator, a fiber optic sensor, and a spectrometer; the fiber optic sensor is embedded at the suture position of the experimental test model; The optical signal emitted by the light source is transmitted to the fiber optic sensor through the circulator; the fiber optic sensor is designed based on a reflective fiber Bragg grating. When the user performs the simulated surgical suture operation, it causes an external environmental strain. The external environmental strain causes a spectral change in the reflective fiber Bragg grating of the fiber optic sensor, and the wavelength shifts. The spectral information carried by the reflected signal is transmitted to the spectrometer, converting the mechanical signal of the user's simulated surgical suture operation into optical signal data.

3. The mechanical monitoring and evaluation device for simulating surgical suture operation according to claim 2, characterized in that The circulator includes a first interface, a second interface, and a third interface; the first interface is connected to the light source, the second interface is connected to the fiber optic sensor, and the third interface is connected to the spectrometer.

4. The mechanical monitoring and evaluation device for simulating surgical suture operations according to claim 1, wherein The fiber Bragg grating is a transmissive fiber Bragg grating, and the optical signal acquisition device includes a light source, a spectrometer, and a fiber optic sensor; the fiber optic sensor is designed based on a transmissive fiber Bragg grating; When the user performs the simulated surgical suture operation, it causes an external environmental strain. When the optical signal emitted by the light source passes through the transmissive fiber Bragg grating of the fiber optic sensor, it interacts with the strain of the external environment to cause a spectral change, and the spectral information is captured by the spectrometer, converting the mechanical signal of the user's simulated surgical suture operation into optical signal data.

5. The mechanical monitoring and evaluation device for simulating surgical suture operation according to claim 1, wherein The preprocessing includes filtering, noise removal, and baseline correction.

6. The mechanical monitoring and evaluation device for simulating surgical suture operations according to claim 1, wherein In terms of converting the preprocessed optical signal data into mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation, the data processing and analysis module is used to: Convert the preprocessed optical signal data into mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation according to the pre-established fiber Bragg grating strain-wavelength drift calibration mathematical model.

7. The mechanical monitoring and evaluation device for simulating surgical suture operations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implantation position of the fiber Bragg grating is determined by the type of simulated surgery and the suture area.

8. The mechanical monitoring and evaluation device for simulating surgical suture operation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mechanical monitoring and evaluation device for simulated surgical suture operation further includes an implantation depth real-time monitoring module, which is used to monitor the implantation depth of the fiber Bragg grating in real time, so that the difference between the implantation depth of the fiber Bragg grating and the set depth is within the target error range.

9. The mechanical monitoring and evaluation device for simulating surgical suture operation according to claim 1, wherein The fiber Bragg grating is embedded or adhered at the suture position of the experimental test model.

10. A method for monitoring and evaluating the mechanical properties of simulated surgical suture operations based on the device for monitoring and evaluating the mechanical properties of simulated surgical suture operations according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The mechanical monitoring and evaluation method for simulated surgical suture operation includes: When the user performs a simulated surgical suture operation, the mechanical signal of the simulated surgical suture operation is converted into optical signal data based on a fiber Bragg grating; the fiber Bragg grating is embedded at the suture position of the experimental test model; The optical signal data is preprocessed to obtain the preprocessed optical signal data, and the preprocessed optical signal data is converted into mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation; According to the mechanical parameters corresponding to the simulated surgical suture operation, the simulated surgical suture operation of the user is evaluated to obtain the evaluation result of the user's simulated surgical suture process.

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