Antenna unit and antenna

Abstract

The invention provides an antenna unit which comprises a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate which are oppositely arranged, an adjustable dielectric layer clamped between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, a first electrode layer arranged on the side, away from the adjustable dielectric layer, of the first dielectric substrate, and a second electrode layer arranged on the side, away from the adjustable dielectric layer, of the second dielectric substrate. The second electrode layer is arranged on one side, deviating from the adjustable dielectric layer, of the second dielectric substrate; wherein the second electrode layer comprises at least three electrodes which are arranged side by side in the first direction and are arranged at intervals; the length of each electrode is monotonically reduced along the first direction; orthographic projections of any two adjacent electrodes on a plane perpendicular to the first direction are at least partially overlapped; the longest electrode comprises a first slit; the longest electrode is divided into a first part and a second part which are arranged side by side along the second direction by the first slit; the adjustable dielectric layer comprises a plurality of dielectric units which are arranged side by side along a first direction; the plurality of dielectric units and the plurality of electrodes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the field of communication technology, and in particular relates to an antenna and an antenna. Background Art

[0002] The Yagi antenna is composed of an active vibrator, a reflector array and at least one director vibrator. The reflector vibrator is slightly longer than the active vibrator and is used to weaken electromagnetic waves, while the director vibrator is slightly shorter than the active vibrator and is used to enhance electromagnetic waves. The more director vibrators a Yagi antenna has, the better the directivity and the higher the gain. However, the traditional Yagi antenna is large in size and weight, and its metal rod structure is not easy to conform to other carriers, so it is not very practical. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art and provides an antenna unit and an antenna.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides an antenna unit, comprising a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate arranged opposite to each other, an adjustable dielectric layer sandwiched between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, a first electrode layer arranged on a side of the first dielectric substrate away from the adjustable dielectric layer, and a second electrode layer arranged on a side of the second dielectric substrate away from the adjustable dielectric layer; wherein:

[0005] The second electrode layer comprises at least three electrodes arranged side by side and spaced apart along a first direction; the length of each of the electrodes decreases monotonically along the first direction; and the orthographic projections of any two adjacent electrodes on a plane perpendicular to the first direction at least partially overlap;

[0006] The longest electrode comprises a first slit; the first slit divides the longest electrode into a first part and a second part arranged side by side along a second direction;

[0007] The adjustable dielectric layer includes a plurality of dielectric units arranged side by side along the first direction; the plurality of dielectric units are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of electrodes.

[0008] Preferably, the electrode has a first end and a second end that are arranged opposite to each other along its extension direction; the shortest distance between the orthographic projection of the first end on the second dielectric substrate and the edge of the second dielectric substrate is the first distance, and the shortest distance between the orthographic projection of the second end on the second dielectric substrate and the edge of the second dielectric substrate is the first distance and the second distance;

[0009] Each of the first distances increases monotonically along the first direction, and / or each of the second distances increases monotonically along the first direction.

[0010] Preferably, the dielectric constant of each of the dielectric units decreases monotonically along the first direction.

[0011] Preferably, the positive projection of the dielectric unit on the first dielectric substrate covers the positive projection of the corresponding electrode on the first dielectric substrate.

[0012] Preferably, the length of the electrode is 0.42λ to 0.55λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0013] Preferably, the distance between any two adjacent electrodes is 0.15λ to 0.23λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0014] Preferably, each of the dielectric units in the tunable dielectric layer is an integral structure.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides an antenna, which includes a plurality of antenna units as described in any one of claims 1-7 arranged in a stacked manner; wherein,

[0016] The first electrode layer of the first antenna unit is reused as the first electrode layer of each of the other antenna units, and the positive projections of the second electrode layers in each of the antenna units do not overlap on the plane of any of the first dielectric substrates.

[0017] In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides an antenna, which includes at least three antenna structures arranged in a stacked manner; the antenna structure includes a dielectric substrate, an electrode layer, and an insulating layer provided on a side of the electrode layer facing away from the dielectric substrate; wherein,

[0018] The positive projections of the electrode layers in each of the antenna structures overlap at least partially on the same dielectric substrate.

[0019] Preferably, the electrode layer includes at least one electrode.

[0020] Preferably, at least one antenna structure includes an annular component; the annular component is sleeved on the electrode.

[0021] Preferably, the annular component includes a rectangular ring; the rectangular ring is sleeved on a side surface of the electrode; the side surface includes at least two surfaces parallel to the dielectric substrate.

[0022] Preferably, at least one antenna structure includes a parasitic component; the parasitic component includes two relatively arranged parasitic electrodes;

[0023] The two parasitic electrodes are respectively arranged at edge positions of the electrode layer perpendicular to the extending direction of the electrode. Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit provided by the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the top view of the antenna element in

[0026] Figure 3a the radiation pattern of the antenna element simulated under the first set of parameters provided by the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 3b the radiation pattern of the antenna element simulated under the second set of parameters provided by the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 3c the radiation pattern of the antenna element simulated under the third set of parameters provided by the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 3d the radiation pattern of the antenna element simulated under the fourth set of parameters provided by the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 4 the structural schematic diagram of an antenna provided by the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 5 the structural schematic diagram of a structure of an antenna provided by the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 6a the structural schematic diagram of an antenna provided by the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 6b is based on Figure 6a the structural schematic diagram of an improved antenna;

[0034] Figure 6c is based on Figure 6a the structural schematic diagram of another improved antenna. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meanings as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms "first", "second" and similar terms used in this disclosure do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, terms such as "a", "an" or "the" do not denote a quantity limitation, but mean that there is at least one. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the elements or items appearing before this term cover the elements or items listed after this term and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or items. Terms such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0037] The traditional Yagi antenna includes three pairs of dipoles, and the whole structure is in the shape of the Chinese character "Wang". The dipole connected to the feeder is called the active dipole, or the main dipole, which is located in the middle of the three pairs of dipoles, the middle horizontal stroke of the character "Wang". The reflector dipole is slightly longer than the active dipole. It is on one side of the active dipole and weakens the radio waves coming from this direction or the radio waves emitted from this antenna. The director dipole is slightly shorter than the active dipole. It is located on the other side of the active dipole and can enhance the radio waves coming from this side direction or emitted in this direction. There can be many director dipoles, and each one should be slightly shorter than its adjacent one that is closer to the active dipole. The more director dipoles there are, the sharper the direction and the higher the gain.

[0038] The working principle of the Yagi antenna is as follows (taking an antenna including one active dipole, one reflector dipole and one director dipole as an example): The director dipole is slightly shorter than half a wavelength, the main dipole is equal to half a wavelength, the reflector dipole is slightly longer than half a wavelength, and the distance between any two dipoles is a quarter of a wavelength. At this time, the director dipole is "capacitive" to the induced signal, and the current leads the voltage by 90°. The electromagnetic wave induced by the director dipole will radiate to the main dipole, and the radiation signal travels a quarter of a wavelength, making it lag by 90°, which exactly cancels the "lead" caused before, and the two have the same phase, so the signals are superimposed and strengthened. The reflector dipole is slightly longer than half a wavelength, showing inductance, and the current lags by 90°. Plus, it lags by another 90° during the radiation to the main dipole. The two add up to exactly a 180° difference, playing a canceling role. One direction is strengthened and one direction is weakened, so there is a strong directivity. However, at the same time, the Yagi antenna also has some problems such as large volume, heavy self-weight, higher requirements for material strength, and high cost, which limit the application scenarios and scope of the antenna.

[0039] In view of this, in a first aspect, the present disclosure provides an antenna unit, specifically, the antenna unit may be a Yagi antenna, as Figure 1 shown, which includes a first dielectric substrate 2 and a second dielectric substrate 4 arranged oppositely, an adjustable dielectric layer 3 sandwiched between the first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 4, a first electrode layer 1 disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate 2 away from the adjustable dielectric layer 3, and a second electrode layer 5 disposed on a side of the second dielectric substrate 4 away from the adjustable dielectric layer 3. Among them, the second electrode layer 5 includes at least three electrodes 50 arranged side by side and spaced apart along a first direction, and the lengths of the electrodes 50 decrease monotonically along the first direction. The positive projections of any two adjacent electrodes on a plane perpendicular to the first direction at least partially overlap to ensure the normal propagation of electromagnetic waves. Among them, the first electrode 50 further includes a first slit 51, and the first slit 51 divides the first electrode 50 into a first part and a second part arranged side by side along a second direction. The setting of the first slit 51 is to form a dipole feeding method. Such a feeding method can convert electrical energy into magnetic energy to the maximum extent, and at the same time receive both the electric field and the magnetic field, having high radiation efficiency and high receiving sensitivity. Among them, the second direction and the first direction are two intersecting directions. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular as an example.

[0040] Furthermore, the adjustable dielectric layer 3 includes a plurality of dielectric units 30 arranged side by side along the first direction, which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the electrodes 50. Among them, the dielectric constant of the dielectric unit 30 is related to the length of the electrode corresponding to it. The longer the length of the electrode, the greater the dielectric constant of the dielectric unit 30. Therefore, in some examples, the dielectric constants of the dielectric units 30 are set to decrease along the first direction.

[0041] Among them, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, for the convenience of control, the signal written to the first electrode layer is a ground signal, that is, the first electrode layer is a reference ground.

[0042] It can be understood that the length of the electrodes in the Yagi antenna determines its function. In Figure 1Only taking the second electrode layer including four electrodes arranged along the first direction as an example, the four electrodes are the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode, and the fourth electrode respectively. The first electrode is a reflector oscillator, the second electrode is an active oscillator, and the third electrode and the fourth electrode are both director oscillators. During the radiation process, the active oscillator is directly excited, and the reflector oscillator and the director oscillators are excited in an electromagnetic coupling manner. After each oscillator is excited, it will radiate electromagnetic waves and generate an electromagnetic field. Selecting appropriate oscillator lengths and oscillator spacings can guide the energy radiation of the active oscillator to the main radiation direction, so that most of the energy of the antenna is radiated in the main radiation direction. In some examples, the length range of each electrode is 0.42λ to 0.55λ, and the spacing range of each electrode is 0.15λ to 0.23λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. In particular, the length range of the first electrode is 0.5λ to 0.55λ, the length range of the second electrode is 0.46λ to 0.54λ, and the length range of the remaining electrodes is 0.42λ to 0.46λ.

[0043] Optionally, dielectric units 30 with different dielectric constants can be prepared using dielectric materials with different dielectric constants. Alternatively, all dielectric units 30 can be filled with liquid crystal, and then different voltages are applied to each electrode to form liquid crystal units with different dielectric constants. When the dielectric units 30 all use liquid crystal, each dielectric unit 30 is an integral structure. In particular, liquid crystal molecules can include positive liquid crystal molecules and negative liquid crystal molecules. The dielectric constant of the long axis of the positive liquid crystal molecule is greater than the dielectric constant of the short axis of the liquid crystal, and the dielectric constant of the long axis of the negative liquid crystal molecule is less than the dielectric constant of the short axis of the liquid crystal. Regardless of which liquid crystal molecule, when the liquid crystal molecule is in a state with a certain tilt angle, its dielectric constant is between the dielectric constant of the long axis of the liquid crystal and the dielectric constant of the short axis of the liquid crystal. By corresponding different electrodes of the antenna unit of the present disclosure to dielectric units 30 with different dielectric constants, pattern reconfiguration of the antenna can be achieved.

[0044] In some examples, the electrode 50 has a first end and a second end oppositely arranged along its extending direction. Among them, the shortest distance between the projection of the first end on the second dielectric substrate 4 and the edge of the second dielectric substrate 4 is the first distance d1, and the shortest distance between the projection of the second end on the second dielectric substrate 4 and the edge of the second dielectric substrate 4 is the second distance d2. Optionally, each first distance d1 increases monotonically along the first direction, and / or each second distance d2 increases monotonically along the first direction. That is, referring to Figure 2 , for any two adjacent electrodes, the projection of the electrode with a longer length on the plane perpendicular to the first direction covers the projection of the electrode with a shorter length on the plane perpendicular to the first direction. Such a setting method can ensure that the energy is utilized with the highest efficiency and improve the performance of the antenna.

[0045] Optionally, the midpoints of the respective electrodes in their extending directions may not be on a straight line, which facilitates flexible adjustment of the radiation pattern of the antenna and increases its application scenarios.

[0046] The antenna unit of the present disclosure will be described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The antenna unit includes a first dielectric substrate 2 and a second dielectric substrate 4 arranged opposite to each other, an adjustable dielectric layer 3 sandwiched between the first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 4, a first electrode layer 1 provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate 2 facing away from the adjustable dielectric layer 3, and a second electrode layer 5 provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate 4 facing away from the adjustable dielectric layer 3.

[0047] Among them, the second electrode layer 5 includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, and a fourth electrode arranged side by side and spaced apart along a first direction. The lengths of the four electrodes decrease monotonically along the first direction. It is set that the length of the first electrode is 0.52λ, the length of the second electrode is 0.5λ, the length of the third electrode is 0.48λ, and the length of the fourth electrode is 0.46λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. The midpoints of the four electrodes in their extending directions are on a straight line to ensure the normal propagation of the electromagnetic wave. The adjustable dielectric layer 3 includes a first dielectric unit, a second dielectric unit, a third dielectric unit, and a fourth dielectric unit arranged side by side along the first direction and corresponding to the electrodes one by one. Further, it is set that the dielectric constant of the first dielectric unit is ε 1， The dielectric constant of the second dielectric unit is ε 2， The dielectric constant of the third dielectric unit is ε3, and the dielectric constant of the fourth dielectric unit is ε4.

[0048] In the first example, it is set that ε1 = ε2 = ε3 = ε4 = 2.461, and the simulated radiation pattern is as Figure 3a shown. In the second example, it is respectively set that ε1 = 3.2, ε2 = 3.0, ε3 = 2.63, and ε4 = 2.461, and the simulated radiation pattern is as Figure 3b shown. In the third example, it is respectively set that ε1 = 3.4, ε2 = 3.2, ε3 = 2.9, and ε4 = 2.63, and the simulated radiation pattern is as Figure 3c shown. In the fourth example, it is respectively set that ε1 = 3.6, ε2 = 3.4, ε3 = 3.2, and ε4 = 2.63, and the simulated radiation pattern is as Figure 3d shown. It can be seen from the figures that by setting the dielectric constants of the respective dielectric units 30 to decrease along the first direction, the radiation pattern of the antenna unit can be reconstructed. It should be understood that the electrodes arranged side by side are equivalent to increasing the slot coupling and the electrode width, which can expand the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0049] In a second aspect, the present disclosure also provides a manufacturing method of the above antenna unit, which includes:

[0050] S11. Provide a first dielectric substrate 2 and form a first electrode layer 1 on the first dielectric substrate 2.

[0051] In some examples, step S11 may specifically include:

[0052] S111. Provide a first dielectric substrate 2 and clean the first dielectric substrate 2 through a standard cleaning process. Among them, the cleaning method of the first dielectric substrate 2 may include: scrubbing, using absorbent cotton dipped in a mixture of precipitated chalk, alcohol or ammonia to scrub the substrate surface, and using solvent extraction to remove some attachments on the substrate surface; oxidation cleaning, immersing the first dielectric substrate 2 in a solution containing potassium hydroxide or hydrogen peroxide, and the common solution concentration is 5% - 10%, which can clean the carbon and metal elements on the surface of the first dielectric substrate 2; ultra-pure water cleaning, immersing or spraying the first dielectric substrate 2 in ultra-pure water, which can clean the fine particles on the surface of the first dielectric substrate 2.

[0053] S112. Form a first electrode layer 1 on the first dielectric substrate 2 through a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process.

[0054] S12. Provide a second dielectric substrate 4 and form a second electrode layer 5 on the second dielectric substrate 4.

[0055] In some examples, step S12 may specifically include:

[0056] S121. Provide a second dielectric substrate 4 and clean the second dielectric substrate 4 through a standard cleaning process. Among them, the cleaning method of the second dielectric substrate 4 may include: scrubbing, using absorbent cotton dipped in a mixture of precipitated chalk, alcohol or ammonia to scrub the substrate surface, and using solvent extraction to remove some attachments on the substrate surface; oxidation cleaning, immersing the second dielectric substrate 4 in a solution containing potassium hydroxide or hydrogen peroxide, and the common solution concentration is 5% - 10%, which can clean the carbon and metal elements on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 4; ultra-pure water cleaning, immersing or spraying the second dielectric substrate 4 in ultra-pure water, which can clean the fine particles on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 4.

[0057] S122. Form a plurality of electrode blocks on the second dielectric substrate 4 through a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process, expose, develop and etch the electrode blocks through photoresist, and perform patterning to form a plurality of electrodes.

[0058] S123. Perform patterning on the longest electrode to form a first slit.

[0059] S13. Form an adjustable dielectric layer 3 between the first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 4.

[0060] In some examples, step S13 specifically includes: forming an adjustable dielectric layer 3 on the side of the first dielectric substrate 2 away from the first electrode layer 1. The adjustable dielectric layer 3 includes a plurality of dielectric units 30 arranged along a first direction, and the dielectric materials of the respective dielectric units 30 are all different. Then, the side of the first dielectric substrate 2 with the adjustable dielectric layer 3 is placed opposite to the side of the second dielectric substrate 4 without the second electrode layer 5, and they are encapsulated to form an antenna unit.

[0061] In other examples, step S13 specifically includes: partitioning a plurality of dielectric unit 30 regions on the side of the first dielectric substrate 2 away from the first electrode layer 1. The side of the first dielectric substrate 2 with the plurality of dielectric unit 30 regions is placed opposite to the side of the second dielectric substrate 4 without the second electrode layer 5, and they are encapsulated in a cell. Liquid crystal is injected into the plurality of dielectric unit 30 regions through a dropping or perfusion process to form a plurality of dielectric units 30.

[0062] In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides an antenna, which includes a plurality of the above antenna units arranged in a stacked manner. The first electrode layer 1 of the first antenna unit is reused as the first electrode layer 1 of each of the other antenna units, and the orthographic projections of the second electrode layers 5 in each antenna unit on the plane of any one first dielectric substrate 2 do not overlap. Stacking a plurality of antenna units can form a larger range of beam scanning and achieve antenna conformal.

[0063] Specifically, the antenna will be described below by taking the antenna including two stacked antenna units as an example. Refer to Figure 4 , the antenna includes a first antenna unit 100 and a second antenna unit 200 arranged in a stacked manner. The first electrode layer 1 of the first antenna unit 100 is reused as the first electrode layer 1 of the second antenna unit 200.

[0064] Particularly, the second electrode layer 5 in the first antenna unit 100 includes four electrodes arranged side by side and spaced apart along a first direction. The second electrode layer 5 in the second antenna unit 200 includes four electrodes arranged side by side along a first direction. The orthographic projections of the respective electrodes in different second electrode layers 5 on the first dielectric substrate 2 in the first antenna unit 100 do not overlap, so as to ensure that the radiation processes of the respective electrodes do not interfere with each other and achieve a wider beam scanning range.

[0065] In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides an antenna, which includes at least three antenna structures arranged in a stacked manner. Among them, the antenna structure includes a dielectric substrate 6, an electrode layer 7 provided on the dielectric substrate 6, and an insulating layer 8 provided on the side of the electrode layer 7 facing away from the dielectric substrate 6, as Figure 5As shown. Specifically, the positive projections of the electrode layers 7 in each antenna structure on the same dielectric substrate 6 at least partially overlap to ensure the normal progress of the radiation process. The electrodes in this antenna are wrapped by the dielectric substrate 6 and the insulating layer 8, which is equivalent to having a protective layer, can isolate the air, and reduce the risk of the antenna being corroded. When it is applied in the military field, it can improve the anti-interference ability of the antenna, make it better integrated with the surrounding environment, and meet the requirements of the continuously developing communication system for the antenna.

[0066] In some examples, the electrode layer 7 includes at least one electrode 70. When multiple electrodes are included, the multiple electrodes are arranged side by side and spaced apart along a fixed direction.

[0067] Optionally, at least one antenna structure includes a ring-shaped component, and the ring-shaped component is sleeved on the electrode 70. In some examples, the ring-shaped component includes a rectangular ring 91, and the rectangular ring 91 is sleeved on the side surface of the electrode 70, where the side surface of the electrode includes at least two surfaces parallel to the dielectric substrate 6. Adding the rectangular ring 91 can increase the resonance points of the antenna and increase the application scenarios of the antenna.

[0068] Optionally, at least one antenna structure includes a parasitic component. In some examples, the parasitic component includes two relatively arranged parasitic electrodes 92, and the two parasitic electrodes 92 are respectively arranged at the edge positions of the electrode layer 7 perpendicular to the electrode extension direction. Adding the parasitic electrodes 92 can reduce the radiation of the antenna energy to both sides and avoid energy loss.

[0069] Specifically, the following takes the antenna including four stacked antenna structures as an example for illustration. As Figure 6a described, the antenna includes a first antenna structure, a second antenna structure, a third antenna structure, and a fourth antenna structure stacked along the third direction. Each antenna structure includes a dielectric substrate, an electrode layer provided on the dielectric substrate, and an insulating layer provided on the side of the electrode layer facing away from the dielectric substrate. Among them, the electrode layer in the first antenna structure includes one electrode, the electrode layer in the second antenna structure includes one electrode, the electrode layer of the third antenna structure includes two electrodes arranged along the first direction, and the electrode layer in the fourth antenna structure includes two electrodes arranged side by side along the first direction. Specifically, the positive projections of the electrode layers in the four antenna structures on the same dielectric substrate at least partially overlap to complete the normal radiation process.

[0070] Among them, the first antenna structure is a reflector dipole, the second antenna structure is an active dipole, and the third antenna structure and the fourth antenna structure are both director dipoles. During the radiation process, the active dipole is directly excited, and the reflector dipole and the director dipoles are excited in an electromagnetic coupling manner. After each dipole is excited, it will radiate electromagnetic waves and generate an electromagnetic field.

[0071] Specifically, as Figure 6bAs shown, the fourth antenna structure further includes two rectangular loops, which are respectively sleeved on two electrodes to increase the resonant points of the antenna.

[0072] Specifically, as Figure 6c shown, the four-antenna structures all include parasitic components. The two parasitic electrodes in each parasitic component are evenly arranged at the two edge positions of the electrode layer along the first direction. Adding parasitic electrodes can reduce the radiation of the antenna energy to both sides and avoid energy loss.

[0073] In some examples, the antenna can be a transceiver antenna, that is, it can not only transmit electromagnetic wave signals but also receive electromagnetic wave signals. Of course, for the antenna, it is not limited to including the above structure, but also includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna in the communication device can be used as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. Among them, the transceiver unit can include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals of at least one frequency band, such as providing 2G signals, 3G signals, 4G signals, 5G signals, etc., and sends the signals of at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver. When the antenna in the communication system receives a signal, it can be transmitted to the receiving end in the transceiver unit after being processed by the filtering unit, the power amplifier, the signal amplifier, and the radio frequency transceiver. The receiving end can be, for example, a smart gateway, etc.

[0074] Furthermore, the radio frequency transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit, and is used for modulating the signal sent by the transceiver unit, or for demodulating the signal received by the antenna and then transmitting it to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the radio frequency transceiver can include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulating circuit, and a demodulating circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulating circuit can modulate the various types of signals provided by the baseband and then send them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the receiving circuit of the radio frequency transceiver. The receiving circuit transmits the signal to the demodulating circuit, and the demodulating circuit demodulates the signal and then transmits it to the receiving end.

[0075] Further, the radio frequency transceiver is connected to the signal amplifier and the power amplifier. The signal amplifier and the power amplifier are then connected to the filtering unit, and the filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During the process of transmitting signals in the communication system, the signal amplifier is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals output by the radio frequency transceiver and then transmit them to the filtering unit; the power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the signals output by the radio frequency transceiver and then transmit them to the filtering unit; the filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output by the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, filters out the clutter, and then transmits them to the antenna, and the antenna radiates the signals. During the process of receiving signals in the communication system, after the antenna receives the signals, it transmits them to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out the clutter of the signals received by the antenna and then transmits them to the signal amplifier and the power amplifier. The signal amplifier amplifies the signals received by the antenna to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the signals received by the antenna. The signals received by the antenna are processed by the power amplifier and the signal amplifier and then transmitted to the radio frequency transceiver, and the radio frequency transceiver then transmits them to the transceiver unit.

[0076] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as a low-noise amplifier, which is not limited herein.

[0077] In some examples, the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a power management unit. The power management unit is connected to the power amplifier and provides the voltage for amplifying the signals to the power amplifier.

[0078] In a fifth aspect, the present disclosure provides a radio frequency device, which includes the above-mentioned antenna. Among them, the radio frequency device includes a radio frequency controller, a radio frequency oscillator, a frequency synthesizer, a waveform regulator, a power amplifier, a radio frequency signal transmitting end, a radio frequency signal receiving end, etc.

[0079] Furthermore, the above radio frequency device can be applied to a radio frequency system. The radio frequency system includes a radio frequency pulse transmitting system and a radio frequency signal receiving system. The radio frequency pulse transmitting system is composed of a transmitting coil and a transmitting channel; the transmitting channel is composed of a transmitting controller, a mixer, an attenuator, a power amplifier, a transmit / receive switch, etc. The function of the radio frequency pulse transmitting system is to generate various radio frequency pulses at arbitrary angles required by the scanning sequence under the action of the radio frequency controller. The radio frequency signal receiving system is composed of a receiving coil and a receiving channel; the receiving channel is composed of a low-noise amplifier, an attenuator, a filter, a phase detector, a low-pass filter, an A / D converter, etc. In the radio frequency transmitting circuit, the pulse flip angle is changed by continuously adjusting the amplitude of the signal. When the radio frequency pulse is turned off, the enhanced intensity vector will gradually return to the initial state. At this time, the radio frequency receiving coil will receive a free induction decay (FID) signal. This signal enters the preamplifier, receiving gate, intermediate frequency amplifier, and detector through the coupling circuit to obtain the magnetic resonance signal, and then undergoes low-frequency amplification and filtering. The detector obtains it, and finally undergoes low-frequency amplification and filtering again.

[0080] In some examples, radio frequency coils can be divided into two categories: coils that can be used for both transmitting and receiving, and receiving coils. Coils that can be used for both transmitting and receiving are made by combining a transmitting coil and a receiving coil. The head coil and the general coil placed inside the magnet aperture are designed as such dual-purpose coils. When such coils work, they need to be quickly switched between transmitting and receiving through electronic circuits. Receiving coils are only responsible for receiving MR signals. Most surface flexible coils are receiving coils (such as: body surface flexible coils). For receiving coils, the work of radio frequency pulse transmission and excitation is generally unifiedly completed by the transmit / receive body coil placed inside the magnet.

[0081] In some examples, radio frequency coils can be divided into five categories: full-volume coils, partial-volume coils, surface coils, intra-cavity coils, and phased array coils. Among them, full-volume coils are columnar coils that can entirely enclose or wrap a certain imaging part, and are used for large-scale imaging of large volumes or organs, such as head coils. Partial-volume coils can only partially wrap a certain part of the coil, such as lumbar coils. Surface coils and intra-cavity coils are receiving coils that can be placed close to the imaging part and are used for imaging of superficial tissues and organs. For example, intra-cavity coils and rectal coils are used for magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging. Phased array coils are coil arrays composed of two or more small coils or coil units.

[0082] RF systems are widely used in the fields of communication, radar, remote control, navigation, etc. Among them, communication is one of the important application fields of RF systems, including mobile phone communication, satellite communication, wireless local area network, etc. In addition, RF can also be used in the fields of radar and remote sensing, such as weather forecasting, flight navigation, air traffic control, etc. In the medical field, RF systems are also widely used in diagnostic devices such as MRI and physical therapy. At the same time, in industrial production, RF systems can also be used in the fields of heating, welding and drying.

[0083] It can be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments adopted to illustrate the principle of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna unit, comprising a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate arranged opposite to each other, an adjustable dielectric layer sandwiched between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, a first electrode layer disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate away from the adjustable dielectric layer, and a second electrode layer disposed on a side of the second dielectric substrate away from the adjustable dielectric layer; wherein, the second electrode layer includes at least three electrodes arranged side by side and spaced apart in a first direction; the lengths of the electrodes monotonically decrease in the first direction; the positive projections of any two adjacent electrodes on a plane perpendicular to the first direction at least partially overlap; the longest electrode includes a first slit; the first slit divides the longest electrode into a first part and a second part arranged side by side in a second direction; the adjustable dielectric layer includes a plurality of dielectric units arranged side by side in the first direction; the plurality of dielectric units are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of electrodes.

2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein, The electrode has a first end and a second end arranged opposite to each other along its extending direction; the shortest distance between the positive projection of the first end on the second dielectric substrate and the edge of the second dielectric substrate is a first distance, and the shortest distance between the positive projection of the second end on the second dielectric substrate and the edge of the second dielectric substrate is a second distance; each of the first distances monotonically increases in the first direction, and / or each of the second distances monotonically increases in the first direction.

3. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein The dielectric constant of each of the dielectric units monotonically decreases in the first direction.

4. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein, The positive projection of the dielectric unit on the first dielectric substrate covers the positive projection of the electrode corresponding to it on the first dielectric substrate.

5. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein The length of the electrode is 0.42λ to 0.55λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

6. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein The spacing between any two adjacent electrodes is 0.15λ to 0.23λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

7. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein, Each of the dielectric units in the adjustable dielectric layer is an integral structure.

8. An antenna, comprising a plurality of antenna units as described in any one of claims 1-7 stacked; wherein, the first electrode layer of the first antenna unit is reused as the first electrode layer of each of the other antenna units, and the positive projections of the second electrode layers in each of the antenna units on any plane where the first dielectric substrate is located do not overlap.

9. An antenna, comprising at least three antenna structures stacked; the antenna structure includes a dielectric substrate, an electrode layer, and an insulating layer disposed on a side of the electrode layer away from the dielectric substrate; wherein, the positive projections of the electrode layers in each of the antenna structures on the same dielectric substrate at least partially overlap.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, wherein, The electrode layer includes at least one electrode.

11. The antenna according to claim 10, wherein, At least one antenna structure includes a ring-shaped component; the ring-shaped component is sleeved on the electrode.

12. The antenna according to claim 11, wherein, The ring-shaped component includes a rectangular ring; the rectangular ring is sleeved on the side surface of the electrode; the side surface includes at least two surfaces parallel to the dielectric substrate.

13. The antenna according to claim 10, wherein, At least one antenna structure includes a parasitic component; the parasitic component includes two parasitic electrodes arranged opposite to each other; the two parasitic electrodes are respectively disposed at the edge positions of the electrode layer perpendicular to the extending direction of the electrode.

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