Perovskite solar cell, preparation method thereof and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a perovskite solar cell, a preparation method thereof and electronic equipment, and belongs to the technical field of solar cells. The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps: forming a first electrode on a substrate, and performing laser etching on the first electrode to form a plurality of first scribing lines; sequentially forming a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer and an electron transport layer between one side, deviating from the substrate, of the first electrode and the adjacent first scribing lines, and performing laser etching on the hole transport layer, the perovskite light absorption layer and the electron transport layer to form a plurality of second scribing lines; orthographic projections of the second scribing lines and the first scribing lines on the substrate are arranged at intervals; performing automatic optical detection on the film layer in each second lineation in the edge cleaning area, and judging whether the second lineation is normal or not according to the optical image of the film layer in the second lineation; and inputting a detection signal to the film layer in each second lineation in the edge cleaning area, and judging whether each second lineation is normal or not according to the color of the film layer in each second lineation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a perovskite solar cell, a preparation method thereof, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) have excellent carrier mobility, high absorption coefficient, and low-cost solution processing, etc. The preparation of large-area modules has attracted wide attention in the business community. In practical applications, perovskite solar cells are generally divided into multiple sub-cells connected in series to reduce thermalization losses and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0003] In order to divide the perovskite cell into multiple sub-cells, laser scribing is required during the preparation process, which mainly includes the first scribing, the second scribing, and the third scribing. Among them, the second scribing is a key step in forming each sub-cell connected in series in the perovskite solar cell, mainly to form a series structure by connecting the second electrode and the first electrode of adjacent sub-cells through the second scribing. However, in the current preparation process, there is no effective detection method for the scribing effect of the second scribing, which seriously affects the current generation performance and stability of the perovskite solar cell. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present disclosure aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provides a perovskite solar cell, a preparation method thereof, and an electronic device.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a preparation method of a perovskite solar cell. The perovskite solar cell has an effective area and a clear edge area surrounding the effective area. The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell includes:

[0006] Providing a substrate;

[0007] Forming a first electrode on the substrate and performing laser etching on the first electrode to form a plurality of first scribings;

[0008] Forming a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, and an electron transport layer in sequence on a side of the first electrode facing away from the substrate and adjacent to the first scribings, and performing laser etching on the hole transport layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, and the electron transport layer to form a plurality of second scribings; the second scribings and the first scribings are arranged at intervals in the orthographic projection on the substrate;

[0009] Automatically optically detecting the film layers in each of the second scribings in the clear edge area, and judging whether the second scribing is normal according to the optical image of the film layer in the second scribing;

[0010] Input a detection signal into each of the second scribed middle films in the edge cleaning area, and determine whether each of the second scribed lines is normal according to the color of the second scribed middle film.

[0011] In some embodiments, the step of inputting a detection signal into each of the second scribed middle films in the edge cleaning area and determining whether each of the second scribed lines is normal according to the color of the second scribed middle film includes:

[0012] Use a pin to input a voltage signal into the second scribed middle films on both edges of the edge cleaning area. If the color of each of the second scribed middle films changes, then there is a part of the hole transport layer remaining in each of the second scribed lines.

[0013] In some embodiments, the step of inputting a detection signal into each of the second scribed middle films in the edge cleaning area and determining whether each of the second scribed lines is normal according to the color of the second scribed middle film includes:

[0014] In the edge cleaning area, laser etch the hole transport layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, and the electron transport layer to form two second auxiliary scribed lines; each of the second scribed lines in the edge cleaning area is located between the two auxiliary scribed lines;

[0015] Use a pin to input a voltage signal into the middle films of the auxiliary scribed lines. If the color of each of the second scribed middle films changes, then there is a part of the hole transport layer remaining in each of the second scribed lines.

[0016] In some embodiments, the step of inputting a detection signal into each of the second scribed middle films in the edge cleaning area and determining whether each of the second scribed lines is normal according to the color of the second scribed middle film includes:

[0017] Use a high-temperature probe to heat the middle films of each of the second scribed lines. If the color of each of the second scribed middle films changes, then there is a part of the hole transport layer remaining in each of the second scribed lines.

[0018] In some embodiments, after forming a first electrode on the substrate and laser etching the first electrode to form a plurality of first scribed lines, the method further includes:

[0019] Use a pin to input a voltage signal into the middle films of the two first scribed lines on both edges of the edge cleaning area. If the resistance value of each of the second scribed middle films is less than a preset value, then there is a part of the first electrode remaining in each of the first scribed lines.

[0020] In some embodiments, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and an electron transport layer are sequentially formed on the side of the first electrode facing away from the substrate and adjacent to the first scribing line. The hole transport layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and the electron transport layer are laser-etched to form a plurality of second scribing lines. After that, the following steps are further included:

[0021] A second electrode is formed on the side of the electron transport layer facing away from the substrate, such that the second electrode is connected to the adjacent first electrode through the second scribing line, and the second electrode is laser-etched to form a plurality of third scribing lines.

[0022] In some embodiments, a second electrode is formed on the side of the electron transport layer facing away from the substrate, such that the second electrode is connected to the adjacent first electrode through the second scribing line, and the second electrode is laser-etched to form a plurality of third scribing lines. After that, the following steps are further included:

[0023] A voltage signal is input into the film layer in two of the third scribing lines on both edges of the clear edge area by using a pin. If the resistance value of the film layer in each of the third scribing lines is less than a preset value, then a part of the second electrode remains in each of the third scribing lines.

[0024] In some embodiments, a second electrode is formed on the side of the electron transport layer facing away from the substrate, such that the second electrode is connected to the adjacent first electrode through the second scribing line, and the second electrode is laser-etched to form a plurality of third scribing lines. After that, the following steps are further included:

[0025] The first electrode, the hole transport layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer, the electron transport layer, and the second electrode in the clear edge area are removed to expose the substrate.

[0026] A packaging layer is formed on the side of the second electrode facing away from the substrate; the packaging layer covers the substrate in the clear edge area.

[0027] In a second aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a perovskite solar cell. The perovskite solar cell has an effective area and a clear edge area surrounding the effective area. The perovskite solar cell is characterized in that it includes: a substrate, and a plurality of sub-cells located on the substrate and connected in series in the effective area;

[0028] The first electrodes in adjacent sub-cells are separated by a first scribing line;

[0029] The second electrodes in adjacent sub-cells are separated by a third scribing line;

[0030] The hole transport layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and the electron transport layer in the adjacent sub-cells are all separated by the same second scribing line;

[0031] The second electrode is filled in the second scribing line and connected to the first electrode;

[0032] In the clear edge area, the first electrode, the hole transport layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer, the electron transport layer, and the second electrode on the substrate are all peeled off, and the first scribing line remains on the substrate.

[0033] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, and the electronic device includes the perovskite solar cell provided in the second aspect as described above. Description of the Drawings

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic plan view of a perovskite solar cell as an example.

[0035] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the perovskite solar cell shown along the C-C' direction.

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic view of the over-etching of the first electrode in the perovskite solar cell.

[0037] Figure 4 It is a schematic view of the remaining perovskite light-absorbing layer in the perovskite solar cell.

[0038] Figure 5 It is a schematic view of the remaining hole transport layer in the perovskite solar cell.

[0039] Figure 6 It is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figures 7a to 7i It is Figure 6 Schematic intermediate structure diagrams corresponding to each step in the manufacturing method of the perovskite solar cell shown. Detailed Embodiments

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Apparently, the described embodiments are only a part rather than all of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Components of the embodiments of the present disclosure generally described and illustrated in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present disclosure provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present disclosure, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present disclosure without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Without conflict, the various embodiments of the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present disclosure shall have the ordinary meanings understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure pertains. The "first", "second", and similar terms used in the present disclosure do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms such as "a", "an", or "the" do not denote a quantity limitation, but mean that there is at least one. The terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the elements or objects appearing before the term cover the elements or objects enumerated after the term and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects.

[0043] As used in the present disclosure, "a plurality or several" means two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after.

[0044] Figure 1 It is a schematic plan view of the planar structure of an exemplary perovskite solar cell. As Figure 1 shown, the perovskite solar cell has an active region AA and a clear edge region BB surrounding the active region AA. Figure 2 is Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the perovskite cell along the C-C' direction. As Figure 2 shown, the perovskite solar cell includes: a plurality of sub-cells connected in series; each sub-cell includes: a substrate 100, a first electrode 101, a hole transport layer 102, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 103, an electron transport layer 104, and a second electrode 105 that are sequentially stacked on the substrate 100.

[0045] The first electrode 101 can specifically be an anode, and the second electrode 105 can specifically be a cathode. The perovskite light-absorbing layer 103 absorbs photons (wavelength 300 - 800 nm), and electrons jump from the valence band to the conduction band, generating electron-hole pairs (excitons). The excitons are partially separated into free electrons and holes within the perovskite light-absorbing layer 103, or are driven to separate through the interfacial electric field of the heterojunction. The electrons are transported to the second electrode 105 through the electron transport layer 104, and the holes are transported to the first electrode 101 through the hole transport layer 102 to form an electric current.

[0046] In order to divide the perovskite solar cell into multiple sub-cells, laser scribing is required during the preparation process, mainly including the first scribe P1, the second scribe P2, and the third scribe P3. Among them, the first scribe P1 can etch the first electrode 101, dividing the large-area conductive layer into independent first electrodes 101 to prevent the subsequent deposited hole transport layer 102, perovskite light-absorbing layer 103, and electron transport layer 104 from causing a lateral short circuit. The second scribe P2 can etch the hole transport layer 102, perovskite light-absorbing layer 103, and electron transport layer 104, exposing the underlying first electrode 101, so that the second electrodes 105 of adjacent sub-cells and the first electrode 101 form a series structure through the second scribe P2. The third scribe P3 can etch the second electrode 105, dividing the large-area conductive layer into independent second electrodes 105 to prevent the direct contact of the second electrodes 105 of adjacent sub-cells from causing a short circuit.

[0047] The second scribe P2 is a key step in forming a series of each sub-cell in the perovskite solar cell. Since the various film layers in the effective area AA and the edge cleaning area BB are formed by the same process, in order to avoid damaging the film layers in the effective area AA, currently, the scribing effect of the second scribe P2 in the edge cleaning area BB can be detected to infer the scribing effect of the second scribe P2 in the effective area AA. The current detection methods mainly include the following several types.

[0048] The first method is to measure the resistance between the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 105 using a probe, and indirectly determine the scribing effect of the second scribe P2 through the magnitude of the resistance. However, since there are no detection contacts in the structure of each sub-cell, destructive testing needs to be carried out after the perovskite solar cell is prepared, and online detection cannot be achieved, and the over-etching or under-etching conditions cannot be visually presented.

[0049] The second method is to detect the scribing effect of the second scribe P2 using a profilometer or a 3D microscope. However, both detections are carried out after the perovskite solar cell is prepared, and online detection cannot be achieved, and the cost of integrating this detection function increases significantly. Moreover, the accuracy of the profilometer or the 3D microscope is limited, and it is impossible to accurately detect the etching and residue conditions of the hole transport layer 102.

[0050] In the third method, an automatic optical inspection is performed on the scribing effect of the second scribe line P2. The situation of over-etching of the first electrode 101 (such as Figure 3 ) can be detected, and the situation of residue of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 103 (such as Figure 4 ) can be detected. However, for the situation of residue of the hole transport layer 102 (such as Figure 5 ), since the hole transport layer 102 is thin and transparent, it cannot be detected.

[0051] It can be seen that in the current manufacturing process, there is no effective detection method for the scribing effect of the second scribe line P2, which seriously affects the current generation performance and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0052] To solve at least one of the above technical problems, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a perovskite solar cell, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electronic device. Below, with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, the perovskite solar cell, the manufacturing method thereof, and the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure will be further described in detail.

[0053] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a manufacturing method of a perovskite solar cell. The manufacturing method of the perovskite solar cell can manufacture the perovskite solar cell as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 . Figure 6 is a schematic flowchart of a manufacturing method of a perovskite solar cell provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, Figures 7a to 7i is Figure 6 a schematic intermediate structure diagram corresponding to each step in the manufacturing method of the perovskite solar cell shown. Below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the manufacturing method of the perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail. As shown in Figure 6 , the manufacturing method of the perovskite solar cell includes the following steps S601 to S605.

[0054] S601, provide a substrate.

[0055] As shown in Figure 7a , the substrate 100 can be made of a rigid material such as glass, which can improve the load-bearing capacity of the substrate 100 for other film layers thereon. Of course, the substrate 100 can also be made of a flexible material such as polyimide (PI), which can improve the anti-bending and anti-tensile properties of the perovskite solar cell, and avoid the stress generated during bending, stretching, and twisting from causing the substrate 100 to break and resulting in an open-circuit defect. In practical applications, the material of the substrate 100 can be reasonably selected according to actual needs to ensure that the perovskite solar cell has good performance.

[0056] S602, forming a first electrode on the base substrate, and performing laser etching on the first electrode to form a plurality of first scribe lines.

[0057] Figure 7b As shown, the first electrode 101 can be specifically an anode. The first electrode 101 can be made of a metal material, such as at least one of gold (Au), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), and copper (Cu). Alternatively, the first electrode 101 can be made of a metal oxide, such as at least one of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and indium tin oxide (ITO).

[0058] The large-area conductive layer is etched by laser etching process to form a plurality of first scribe lines P1, which can divide the large-area conductive layer into a plurality of independent first electrodes 101 to prevent the subsequent deposition of the hole transport layer 102, the perovskite light absorption layer 103, and the electron transport layer 104 from causing lateral short circuits. Specifically, the first electrode 101 can be a strip electrode.

[0059] S603, forming a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer and an electron transport layer in sequence on the side of the first electrode facing away from the substrate and between adjacent first scribe lines, and laser etching the hole transport layer, the perovskite light absorption layer and the electron transport layer to form a plurality of second scribe lines.

[0060] like Figure 7c As shown, the material of the void transport layer 102 can be specifically selected from at least one of nickel oxide (NiO), cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN), and cuprous iodide (CuI), and its hole transport performance can also be improved by element doping (such as Cu doped NiO) or interface modification. In the implementation of this disclosure, nickel oxide (NiO) will be used as an example for illustration. The material of the perovskite light absorption layer 103 can be specifically selected from at least one of methylamine lead iodine (MAPbI3), formamidine lead iodine (FAPbI3), and cesium lead iodine (CsPbI3), and its light absorption performance can also be improved by element doping or interface modification. The material of the electron transport layer 104 can be specifically selected from at least one of titanium dioxide (TiO2), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and fullerene (C60), and its electron transport performance can also be improved by element doping or interface modification.

[0061] The large-area virtual transport layer 102, the perovskite light absorption layer 103, and the electron transport layer 104 are etched by laser etching to form a plurality of second scribe lines P2, exposing the first electrode 101 below, so that the second electrode 105 of the subsequent adjacent sub-cells and the first electrode 101 form a series structure through the second scribe lines P2. Specifically, the second scribe lines P2 and the first scribe lines P1 are arranged alternately in the orthographic projection on the substrate 101.

[0062] In step S604, automatically optically inspect the film layers in each second scribing line in the edge cleaning area, and determine whether the second scribing line is normal according to the optical image of the film layer in the second scribing line.

[0063] In the above step S604, an Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) device is used to inspect the film layers in each second scribing line P2 in the edge cleaning area BB, and an optical image of the film layer in each second scribing line P2 can be obtained. Then, it can be judged whether the second scribing line P2 is normal by observing the obtained optical image. For example, the case of over-etching of the first electrode 101 (as Figure 3 shown), the case of residual perovskite light-absorbing layer 103 (as Figure 4 shown).

[0064] In step S605, input a detection signal into the film layer in each second scribing line in the edge cleaning area, and judge whether each second scribing line is normal according to the color of the film layer in the second scribing line.

[0065] In the above step S605, a detection signal can be input into the film layer in each second scribing line P2 in the edge cleaning area. The detection signal can specifically be a voltage signal or a thermal signal. Since the material of the hole transport layer 102 has the characteristics of electrochromism or heat-induced color change, after inputting the corresponding detection signal into the second scribing line P2, it can be observed whether the color of the film layer in the second scribing line P2 changes to further judge whether the second scribing line P2 is normal. For example, if the color of the film layer in the second scribing line P2 changes, it means that there is a part of the hole transport layer 102 remaining in the second scribing line P2.

[0066] In the method for preparing a perovskite solar cell provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, by using automated optical inspection to observe the morphology of the film layer in the second scribing line P2 and combining with the method of inputting a detection signal into the film layer in the second scribing line P2 and observing the color of the film layer in the second scribing line P2, the cases of over-etching of the first electrode 101, the remaining of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 103, and the remaining of the hole transport layer 102 in the second scribing line P2 can be detected. In this way, it can be accurately detected whether the second scribing line P2 is normal, ensuring the effective connection between each sub-cell, thereby improving the stability of the performance of the perovskite solar cell in generating current. At the same time, the detection process is completed during the preparation process of the perovskite solar cell, and online detection can be realized, which can improve the detection efficiency and avoid affecting its current generation performance and stability by performing detection after the perovskite solar cell is prepared.

[0067] In some embodiments, in step S605 above, a detection signal is input into the film layers in each second scribing line in the edge cleaning area, and whether each second scribing line is normal is determined according to the color of the film layer in the second scribing line. Specifically, it includes: using a probe to input a voltage signal into the film layers in two second scribing lines at both edges of the edge cleaning area. If the color of the film layer in each second scribing line changes, then there is a part of the hole transport layer remaining in each second scribing line.

[0068] As Figure 7d shown, the probe can be directly inserted into the film layers in two second scribing lines P2 at both edges of the edge cleaning area BB. The film layers in the two second scribing lines P2 can be used as the positive electrode and the negative electrode respectively. Correspondingly, the two probes can transmit different voltage signals. For example, one transmits a high-level signal and the other transmits a low-level signal. When there is a part of the hole transport layer 102 remaining in each second scribing line P2, the hole transport layer 102 in each second scribing line P2 can conduct electricity, so that a current loop can be formed between the two probes.

[0069] Taking nickel oxide (NiO) as an example, the nickel oxide (NiO) thin film remaining in each second scribing line P2 has a special crystal structure, usually a spinel structure. Under the action of an external electric field, the nickel (Ni) ions in it will displace, changing the nickel (Ni) ion coordination number and lattice parameters in the crystal, thereby affecting the energy band structure and resulting in changes in optical properties. This change makes nickel oxide (NiO) appear transparent or gray when not under the action of an electric field, and will absorb light of a specific wavelength and present different colors, such as pink, under the action of an electric field. In this way, it is possible to more accurately detect whether the second scribing line P2 is normal, ensure the effective connection between each sub-cell, and thus improve the stability of the performance of the perovskite solar cell in generating current. At the same time, it can make the monitoring more intuitive and improve the detection efficiency.

[0070] In some embodiments, in step S605 above, a detection signal is input into the film layers in each second scribing line in the edge cleaning area, and whether each second scribing line is normal is determined according to the color of the film layer in the second scribing line. Specifically, it includes: in the edge cleaning area, laser etching is performed on the hole transport layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and the electron transport layer to form two second auxiliary scribing lines; each second scribing line in the edge cleaning area is located between the two auxiliary scribing lines; using a probe to input a voltage signal into the film layers in the auxiliary scribing lines. If the color of the film layer in each second scribing line changes, then there is a part of the hole transport layer remaining in each second scribing line.

[0071] As Figure 7eAs shown, before applying a voltage signal to the film layer in each second scribed line P2, the hole transport layer 102, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 103, and the electron transport layer 104 can be laser-etched to form two second auxiliary scribed lines P2'. Each second scribed line P2 in the edge cleaning area BB is located between the two second auxiliary scribed lines P2', that is, the two second auxiliary scribed lines P2' are respectively located on both side edges of the edge cleaning area BB. Two pins can be respectively inserted into the two second auxiliary scribed lines P2', and then the voltage signal is applied. If the color of the film layer in each second scribed line P2 changes, then part of the hole transport layer 102 remains in each second scribed line P2. This can avoid affecting the detection of the original second scribed lines P2 on both side edges of the edge cleaning area BB, thereby further improving the detection accuracy, ensuring the effective connection between each sub-cell, and thus improving the stability of the performance of the perovskite solar cell in generating current.

[0072] In some embodiments, in the above step S605, a detection signal is input to the film layer in each second scribed line in the edge cleaning area, and whether each second scribed line is normal is judged according to the color of the film layer in the second scribed line, which specifically includes: heating the film layer in each second scribed line with a high-temperature probe. If the color of the film layer in each second scribed line changes, then part of the hole transport layer remains in each second scribed line.

[0073] As Figure 7f shown, at low temperature, the electrons of nickel (Ni) ions in the nickel oxide (NiO) thin film are in a high-spin state, that is, the electron spin directions on the d orbitals are the same. This high-spin state makes the nickel oxide (NiO) present green and can be transparent in the state of a smaller thickness. Using a high-temperature probe to heat the film layer in each second scribed line P2, when the nickel oxide (NiO) is heated, the electrons of the nickel (Ni) ions will undergo spin flipping, that is, the electron spin directions on the d orbitals are opposite. This spin flipping causes a color change of the nickel oxide (NiO), changing from green or transparent to yellow. In this way, it is possible to more accurately detect whether the second scribed line P2 is normal, ensure the effective connection between each sub-cell, and thus improve the stability of the performance of the perovskite solar cell in generating current. At the same time, it can make the monitoring more intuitive and improve the detection efficiency.

[0074] In some embodiments, as Figure 6 shown, in the above step S602, a first electrode is formed on the substrate, and the first electrode is laser-etched to form a plurality of first scribed lines. After that, it further includes: step S602A, inputting a voltage signal to the film layer in two first scribed lines on both side edges of the edge cleaning area by using pins. If the resistance value of the film layer in each second scribed line is less than a preset value, then part of the first electrode remains in each first scribed line.

[0075] As Figure 7gAs shown, a voltage signal is input into the film layer in two first scribed lines P1 on both sides of the clear edge region BB by using a pin. If there are some remaining first electrodes 101 in the first scribed lines P1, the first electrodes 101 in each first scribed line P1 can be electrically connected, enabling a current loop to be formed between the two pins, and the resistance is small at this time. If there are no remaining first electrodes 101 in the first scribed lines P1, a current loop cannot be formed between the two probes, and the resistance is large (it can be infinite) at this time. In this way, it is possible to detect whether the first scribed lines P1 are normal by measuring the resistance, preventing the subsequent deposited hole transport layer 102, perovskite light-absorbing layer 103, and electron transport layer 104 from causing a lateral short circuit.

[0076] In some embodiments, as Figure 6 shown, in the above step S603, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and an electron transport layer are sequentially formed on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate and between adjacent first scribed lines, and the hole transport layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and the electron transport layer are laser-etched to form multiple second scribed lines. After that, it further includes: step S606, forming a second electrode on the side of the electron transport layer away from the substrate, enabling the second electrode to be connected to the adjacent first electrode through the second scribed lines, and laser-etching the second electrode to form multiple third scribed lines.

[0077] As Figure 7h shown, the second electrode 105 can specifically be a cathode, and the second electrode 105 can be made of a metal material, such as at least one of gold (Au), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), and copper (Cu), or the second electrode 105 can be made of a metal oxide, such as at least one of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and indium tin oxide (ITO).

[0078] Using a laser etching process, a large-area conductive layer is etched to form multiple third scribed lines P3. The multiple third scribed lines P3 can divide the large-area conductive layer into multiple independent second electrodes 105, preventing the second electrodes 105 of adjacent sub-cells from directly contacting and causing a short circuit. The orthographic projection of the third scribed line P3 on the substrate 101 can be located on the side of the orthographic projection of the second scribed line P2 on the substrate 101 away from the orthographic projection of the first scribed line P1 on the substrate 101. Specifically, the second electrode 105 can be a strip electrode.

[0079] In some embodiments, as Figure 6As shown, the above step S606 forms a second electrode on the side of the electron transport layer away from the substrate, so that the second electrode is connected to the adjacent first electrode through the second scribe line, and the second electrode is laser etched to form a plurality of third scribe lines, and then also includes: step S607, using a pin to input a voltage signal to the film layer in the two third scribe lines on both sides of the edge clearing area, if the resistance value of the film layer in each third scribe line is less than a preset value, then part of the second electrode remains in each third scribe line.

[0080] like Figure 7i As shown, a voltage signal is input to the film layer of the two third scribe lines P3 at the edges of the clear edge area BB by using a pin. If part of the second electrode 105 remains in the third scribe line P3, the second electrode 105 in each third scribe line P3 can be turned on, so that a current loop can be formed between the two pins, and the resistance is small at this time. If no part of the second electrode 105 remains in the third scribe line P3, a current loop cannot be formed between the two probes, and the resistance is large (can be infinite). In this way, whether the third scribe line P3 is normal can be detected by measuring the resistance, so as to prevent the second electrodes 105 of adjacent sub-cells from directly contacting each other and causing a short circuit.

[0081] In some embodiments, Figure 6 As shown, the above step S606 forms a second electrode on the side of the electron transport layer away from the substrate, so that the second electrode is connected to the adjacent first electrode through the second scribe line, and the second electrode is laser etched to form multiple third scribe lines, and then also includes: step S608 to step S609.

[0082] S608, removing the first electrode, the hole transport layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, the electron transport layer and the second electrode in the edge clearing area to expose the base substrate.

[0083] S609, forming a packaging layer on the side of the second electrode away from the substrate; the packaging layer covers the substrate in the clear edge area.

[0084] In the above steps S608 to S609, the film layers in the front edge area BB can be removed to expose the base substrate 101 (not shown in the figure) to facilitate the encapsulation of the perovskite solar cell. The encapsulation layer (not shown in the figure) can specifically include a first inorganic encapsulation layer, an organic encapsulation layer, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer arranged in a stacked manner. This can prevent the intrusion of gases such as water and oxygen, which may affect the stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0085] In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a perovskite solar cell. The structure of the perovskite solar cell can be as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the perovskite solar cell has an effective area AA and a clear edge area BB surrounding the effective area AA. The perovskite cell includes: a substrate 100, and a plurality of sub-cells located on the substrate 100 and arranged in series in the effective area AA; the first electrodes 101 in adjacent sub-cells are separated by a first scribeline P1; the second electrodes 105 in adjacent sub-cells are separated by a third scribeline P3; the hole transport layer 102, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 103, and the electron transport layer 104 in adjacent sub-cells are all separated by the same second scribeline P2; the second electrode 105 is filled in the second scribeline P2 and connected to the first electrode 101; in the clear edge area BB, the first electrode 101, the hole transport layer 102, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 103, the electron transport layer 104, and the second electrode 105 on the substrate 100 are all peeled off, and the first scribeline P1 remains on the substrate 100. The implementation principle and beneficial effects are the same as those of the preparation method of the above perovskite solar cell, and will not be elaborated here.

[0086] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes the perovskite solar cell provided in any of the above embodiments. The implementation principle and beneficial effects are the same as those of the above perovskite solar cell, and will not be elaborated here.

[0087] It should be noted that in the drawings, the sizes of layers and regions may be exaggerated for clarity of illustration. Moreover, it can be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "on" another element or layer, it can be directly on the other element, or there may be an intermediate layer. Additionally, it can be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "under" another element or layer, it can be directly under the other element, or there may be more than one intermediate layer or element. Additionally, it can also be understood that when a layer or element is referred to as being "between" two layers or two elements, it can be the only layer between the two layers or two elements, or there may be more than one intermediate layer or element. Similar reference numerals throughout indicate similar elements.

[0088] In several embodiments provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed device can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the positions of the components shown are only for a logical functional position, and there may be other position arrangements in actual implementation.

[0089] It can be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments adopted to illustrate the principles of the present disclosure. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present disclosure, and these modifications and improvements are also regarded as the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, the perovskite solar cell having an active region and a clear edge region surrounding the active region, characterized in that, The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell includes: providing a substrate; forming a first electrode on the substrate and performing laser etching on the first electrode to form a plurality of first scribes; forming a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and an electron transport layer in sequence on a side of the first electrode facing away from the substrate and adjacent to the first scribes, and performing laser etching on the hole transport layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and the electron transport layer to form a plurality of second scribes; the second scribes and the first scribes are arranged at intervals in a positive projection on the substrate; automatically optically detecting the film layers in each of the second scribes in the edge cleaning area, and judging whether each of the second scribes is normal according to the optical image of the film layers in the second scribes; inputting a detection signal into the film layers in each of the second scribes in the edge cleaning area, and judging whether each of the second scribes is normal according to the color of the film layers in the second scribes.

2. The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein, The inputting a detection signal into the film layers in each of the second scribes in the edge cleaning area and judging whether each of the second scribes is normal according to the color of the film layers in the second scribes includes: inputting a voltage signal into the film layers in two of the second scribes at two side edges of the edge cleaning area by using a pin. If the color of the film layers in each of the second scribes changes, then there remains a part of the hole transport layer in each of the second scribes.

3. The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein, The inputting a detection signal into the film layers in each of the second scribes in the edge cleaning area and judging whether each of the second scribes is normal according to the color of the film layers in the second scribes includes: performing laser etching on the hole transport layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and the electron transport layer in the edge cleaning area to form two second auxiliary scribes; each of the second scribes in the edge cleaning area is located between the two auxiliary scribes; inputting a voltage signal into the film layers in the auxiliary scribes by using a pin. If the color of the film layers in each of the second scribes changes, then there remains a part of the hole transport layer in each of the second scribes.

4. The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inputting a detection signal into the film layers in each of the second scribes in the edge cleaning area and judging whether each of the second scribes is normal according to the color of the film layers in the second scribes includes: heating the film layers in each of the second scribes by using a high-temperature probe. If the color of the film layers in each of the second scribes changes, then there remains a part of the hole transport layer in each of the second scribes.

5. The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, After forming a first electrode on the substrate and performing laser etching on the first electrode to form a plurality of first scribes, it further includes: inputting a voltage signal into the film layers in two of the first scribes at two side edges of the edge cleaning area by using a pin. If the resistance value of the film layers in each of the second scribes is less than a preset value, then there remains a part of the first electrode in each of the first scribes.

6. The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, wherein A hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and an electron transport layer are sequentially formed on a side of the first electrode facing away from the substrate and adjacent to the first scribing line, and the hole transport layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and the electron transport layer are laser-etched to form a plurality of second scribing lines. After that, it further includes: A second electrode is formed on a side of the electron transport layer facing away from the substrate, such that the second electrode is connected to an adjacent first electrode through the second scribing line, and the second electrode is laser-etched to form a plurality of third scribing lines.

7. The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, wherein A second electrode is formed on a side of the electron transport layer facing away from the substrate, such that the second electrode is connected to an adjacent first electrode through the second scribing line, and the second electrode is laser-etched to form a plurality of third scribing lines. After that, it further includes: A voltage signal is input into a film layer in two of the third scribing lines at two edges of the clear edge area by using a pin. If the resistance value of the film layer in each of the third scribing lines is less than a preset value, then a part of the second electrode remains in each of the third scribing lines.

8. The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, wherein A second electrode is formed on a side of the electron transport layer facing away from the substrate, such that the second electrode is connected to an adjacent first electrode through the second scribing line, and the second electrode is laser-etched to form a plurality of third scribing lines. After that, it further includes: The first electrode, the hole transport layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer, the electron transport layer, and the second electrode in the clear edge area are removed to expose the substrate. An encapsulation layer is formed on a side of the second electrode facing away from the substrate; the encapsulation layer covers the substrate in the clear edge area.

9. A perovskite solar cell, the perovskite solar cell having an active region and a clear edge region surrounding the active region, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell includes: a substrate, and a plurality of sub-cells located on the substrate and arranged in series in the effective area; The first electrodes in adjacent sub-cells are separated by a first scribing line; The second electrodes in adjacent sub-cells are separated by a third scribing line; The hole transport layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and the electron transport layer in adjacent sub-cells are all separated by the same second scribing line; The second electrode is filled in the second scribing line and connected to the first electrode; In the clear edge area, the first electrode, the hole transport layer, the perovskite light-absorbing layer, the electron transport layer, and the second electrode on the substrate are all peeled off, and the first scribing line remains on the substrate.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes the perovskite solar cell according to claim 9.

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