Battery storage device and motor vehicle comprising same
By designing multiple battery cell channels on the stabilization board to match the degassing opening, the filling gap problem between the battery cells is solved, and a battery storage device with larger battery capacity and higher safety is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202480005067.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-03-01
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-04
AI Technical Summary
In the existing battery storage device, the filling gap between the stabilizing plate and the battery cell leads to wasting of structural space, the size of the battery cell is limited, and there is a risk of the battery cell bursting and short circuit when thermal runaway is present.
With a multi-cell channel design, the channels on the stabilizing plate match the degassing openings of multiple battery cells to reduce or eliminate filling gaps and use insulating materials and foam to improve structural stability and safety.
The capacity of the battery cell is increased, the degassing resistance and short circuit risk is reduced, and the energy density and safety of the battery storage device are improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN120265493A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Field of the Invention
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a battery storage device for an electrically drivable motor vehicle and / or a motor vehicle comprising such a battery storage device. Background Art
[0002] Hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, and electric vehicles have battery storage devices (or traction energy storage devices) that are used, for example, to absorb recovered energy and provide drive energy. The battery storage device typically comprises battery cells in the form of accumulators, such as lithium-ion batteries, and is constructed modularly, wherein a plurality of individual battery cells are connected in series and / or in parallel within a housing.
[0003] It is necessary to support the battery cells as robustly as possible in order to protect the battery cells as safely as possible against damage during vehicle operation. This is particularly important when using lithium-ion battery cells because most of these battery cells contain flammable electrolytes that can be released, for example, in the event of a vehicle collision and ignited by a spark or an electric arc. For this purpose, for example, stabilizing plates made of steel are known, which are introduced under the battery cells in order to stabilize the battery cells during impact and vibration loads during vehicle operation and to prevent the battery cells from sagging downwards.
[0004] In addition, damage to the battery cells can lead to thermal runaway, in which, due to a rapid increase in the temperature of the battery cells, defective battery cells can catch fire or explode due to overvoltage. Possible damage that can lead to thermal runaway includes not only collision load cases but also, for example, short circuits or excessive currents during charging or discharging of the battery storage device.
[0005] It is known to provide a layout device within the housing in order to be able to specifically vent gases in the event of failure of a battery cell, i.e., after thermal runaway, and thus minimize secondary damage to other battery cells.
[0006] This gas venting (which is also referred to as thermal degassing) is achieved, for example, by providing channels or holes in the stabilizing plate, each channel being matched to a degassing opening of a battery cell in order to enable downward thermal degassing of the defective battery cell. Thereby, the thermal degassing can be introduced into a section of the interior space of the housing that is separate from the battery cells and discharged specifically there, for example, via an opening in the housing.
[0007] However, this known solution with a stabilizing plate having openings has several disadvantages.
[0008] Normally, a casting material, such as foam, is filled in the intermediate space between battery cells or between a battery cell and a housing. When manufacturing a battery storage device, filling with foam is carried out after inserting the battery cells and the stabilizing plate into the housing. Thus, a filling gap, i.e., the spacing between the battery cell and the stabilizing plate, must be provided so that the housing can be filled with foam through the channels of the stabilizing plate. This results in the structural space for the battery cells being lost due to the filling gap and the dimensions of the battery cells must be made smaller. Therefore, the electric energy that can be stored in the battery cells is less, which, for example, results in a shorter driving range of a motor vehicle.
[0009] Due to the filling gap, there is also foam with a relatively large layer thickness between the respective degassing openings of the battery cells and the mating channels of the stabilizing plate. This relatively large layer thickness poses a risk of lateral bursting of the battery cells or degassing at the terminals of the battery cells.
[0010] Furthermore, during thermal runaway, the entire bottom of the battery cell may become uncrimped or otherwise detached. The detached bottom of the battery cell may wedge on the stabilizing plate or block the mating channels of the stabilizing plate, such that thermal degassing is transferred through the filling gap to adjacent battery cells. This may cause the adjacent battery cells to overheat severely and, for example, result in a short circuit. Summary of the Invention
[0011] Against the background of this prior art, the object of the present disclosure is to provide a device that is correspondingly suitable for enriching the prior art.
[0012] The object is solved by the features of the independent claims. The content of the dependent claims and the subclaims are correspondingly optional further improvements of the present disclosure.
[0013] Accordingly, the object is solved by a battery storage device for an electrically driven motor vehicle.
[0014] The battery storage device includes a housing that forms an interior space of the housing.
[0015] The battery storage device includes a stabilizing plate that is arranged in the interior space of the housing and divides the interior space of the housing into a degassing section and a battery cell section. The stabilizing plate has channels.
[0016] The battery storage device includes a plurality of battery cells that are arranged within the battery cell section and have degassing openings. The degassing openings are respectively formed on the side of one of the plurality of battery cells facing the stabilizing plate and respectively match one of the (stabilizing plate's) channels.
[0017] The channels of the [stabilizing plate] include at least one multi-cell channel, which is matched with a plurality of degassing openings among the degassing openings. It is also conceivable that the channels include a plurality of multi-cell channels, and these multi-cell channels are respectively matched with a plurality of degassing openings among the degassing openings.
[0018] A [mechanical] stabilizing plate (or orifice plate, support plate) can be used to stabilize the housing and / or the battery cells, for example, when subjected to impact and / or vibration loads during vehicle operation. For example, the stabilizing plate can be configured as an intermediate wall of the housing.
[0019] Degassing openings of the battery cells can be provided to discharge (hot) gas when the pressure rises (for example, due to a defect in the battery cell) and thereby, for example, avoid an explosion of the defective battery cell.
[0020] "Matched" can mean that the channels of the stabilizing plate fluidly connect the degassing openings with the degassing section. The degassing openings can be respectively (optionally directly) arranged above one of the channels and / or form a passage with one of the channels.
[0021] The at least one multi-cell channel can fluidly connect the plurality of degassing openings (simultaneously) with the degassing section. The plurality of degassing openings can be (optionally directly) arranged above the at least one multi-cell channel and / or form a passage with the at least one multi-cell channel. In other words, a plurality of degassing openings among the degassing openings can "share" one multi-cell channel.
[0022] The above-described battery storage device offers a series of advantages. Among them, the distance between the stabilizing plate and the battery cells can be advantageously shortened or even no distance can be provided. By matching at least one multi-cell channel of the stabilizing plate with a plurality of degassing openings among the degassing openings, at least one intermediate space between at least two of the plurality of battery cells can be accessed via the at least one multi-cell channel. Therefore, the intermediate space between the plurality of battery cells and the intermediate space between the plurality of battery cells and the housing can be filled with casting material via the accessible intermediate space, as long as this is desired.
[0023] In addition, due to the reduced distance, the battery cells can be, for example, made larger in size and thus can store a larger amount of electrical energy, which, for example, enables a longer driving range for a motor vehicle driven by the battery storage device.
[0024] A smaller distance between the stabilizing plate and the battery cells can also advantageously result in a thinner layer thickness of the casting material between the degassing openings and the channels of the stabilizing plate, which results in less degassing resistance, thereby reducing the risk of lateral bursting of defective battery cells or degassing at their terminals.
[0025] Furthermore, in the case of loosening or otherwise dropping off at the bottom of the intact battery cell during thermal runaway, the risk of wedging and closing one of the channels at the bottom of the battery cell on the stabilizing plate is advantageously reduced.
[0026] Possible further improvements of the above-described device will be explained in detail below.
[0027] The at least one multi-cell channel can have a triangular, trapezoidal or hexagonal shape. Advantageously, these shapes can be introduced into the stabilizing plate particularly simply to form an enlarged channel. Alternatively, all other shapes can also be envisaged, as long as the at least one multi-cell channel can be matched with a plurality of the degassing openings among the degassing openings.
[0028] The at least one multi-cell channel can have a triangular shape, wherein the at least one multi-cell channel can (respectively) be matched with three of the degassing openings among the degassing openings.
[0029] The at least one multi-cell channel can have a trapezoidal shape, wherein the at least one multi-cell channel can (respectively) be matched with four of the degassing openings among the degassing openings.
[0030] The at least one multi-cell channel can have a hexagonal shape, wherein the at least one multi-cell channel can (respectively) be matched with seven of the degassing openings among the degassing openings.
[0031] The plurality of battery cells are grouped into a plurality of groups of battery cells connected in parallel, and these battery cells can optionally be at the same housing potential. The at least one multi-cell channel can be matched with the degassing openings of one of the groups. Advantageously, in the case of thermal runaway of the battery cell, since there is no potential difference, short circuits do not occur due to conductive degassing particles passing through adjacent battery cells.
[0032] The plurality of battery cells can be placed against the stabilizing plate, for example, lying flat on the stabilizing plate. It is also conceivable that the plurality of battery cells can be arranged at a distance from the stabilizing plate.
[0033] The stabilizing plate can be made of at least one electrically insulating material. The stabilizing plate can be made of at least one plastic, such as glass fiber reinforced plastic (abbreviation: GFK), polypropylene (abbreviation: PP), polyethylene terephthalate (abbreviation: PET), polyethylene (abbreviation: PE), carbon fiber reinforced plastic (abbreviation: CFK) and / or aramid.
[0034] The stabilizing plate can be constituted by a metal plate with at least one insulating layer and / or an adjacent insulating plate.
[0035] The plurality of battery cells can be implemented as circular battery cells. The plurality of battery cells can be arranged at a distance from each other in a battery cell section.
[0036] The channels of the stabilizing plate, the intermediate space between the plurality of battery cells, and the intermediate space between the plurality of battery cells and the housing can be at least partially, optionally completely filled with a casting material, such as foam. The casting material can be used to mechanically stabilize the battery storage device and / or the plurality of battery cells within the housing. The casting material can be electrically insulating and / or thermally conductive, or provide improved protection for the battery cells in the event of thermal runaway of one of the plurality of battery cells.
[0037] The stabilizing plate and the plurality of battery cells can be at least partially, optionally completely arranged in an insulating material (and / or wrapped by the insulating material). The insulating material can be a foam system, which includes, for example, polyurethane.
[0038] The degassing openings can be respectively closed by a rupture film. For example, the degassing openings can also be referred to as vents.
[0039] The housing can have an opening closed by a rupture film, and the opening can be configured to be adjacent to the degassing section. Thus, in the event of thermal runaway, the gas can be advantageously discharged outwards.
[0040] In other words and with reference to possible specific embodiments of the present disclosure, the above can be summarized as described below, and the following description should be construed as not limiting the present disclosure.
[0041] According to the present disclosure, larger channels or holes can be introduced into the stabilizing plate (or support plate), for example, in the shape of a triangle, rhombus (or diamond and / or parallelogram) or hexagon, where a plurality of battery cells "share" one hole.
[0042] The stabilizing plate can be made of an insulating material (GFK, PP, PET, PE, CFK, Kevlar,...) or a metal plate with an insulating layer or an applied insulating plate.
[0043] Due to the larger channels or holes, there is no need for a distance between the stabilizing plate (optionally insulated stabilizing plate) and the battery cells, as long as the holes in the stabilizing plate are cut out larger and cover a plurality of battery cells. The foam can be directly introduced or filled into the intermediate space of the battery cells. Thus, structural space can be obtained in the height direction and a higher energy content can be achieved in the battery storage device.
[0044] A smaller layer thickness of the foam at the respective vent (or degassing opening) can result in a lower degassing resistance and thus in no or a smaller risk of lateral bursting of the battery cell or degassing at the battery cell terminals.
[0045] At the same time, the layer thickness of the foam can continue to be chosen thick enough to ensure good protection of adjacent battery cells.
[0046] In the case of loosening or otherwise dropping off at the bottom of the intact battery cell during thermal runaway, the larger holes can result in no or a reduced risk of wedging of the battery cell bottom on the stabilizing plate, enabling controlled thermal degassing, for example, downwards.
[0047] For example, in a larger channel, battery cells that are always in parallel and at the same housing potential can be grouped. If adjacent battery cells are released during degassing in this case, no short circuit is caused by the conductive degassing particles due to the absence of a potential difference. For adjacent battery cells connected in series in the next channel of the stabilizing plate, the short - circuit risk can be further reduced because the peripheral edge of the channel stabilizes the foam protection layer.
[0048] Furthermore, a motor vehicle comprising the above - described battery storage device is also provided.
[0049] The motor vehicle can be a passenger vehicle, in particular an automobile, or a commercial vehicle, such as a truck.
[0050] The motor vehicle can be electrically driven (and / or traveled) by means of the battery storage device.
[0051] The above description of the battery storage device similarly also applies to the motor vehicle, and vice versa. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0052] The following refers to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 to describe alternative embodiments.
[0053] Figure 1 A known battery storage device is schematically shown,
[0054] Figure 2 A partial view of a known stabilizing plate is schematically shown,
[0055] Figure 3 A battery storage device according to the present disclosure is schematically shown, and
[0056] Figure 4 A channel according to the present disclosure of a stabilizing plate according to an alternative embodiment in the installed state is schematically shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0057] Figure 1 Only a known battery storage device 101 according to the prior art is schematically shown. In addition, Figure 2 A partial top view of a known stabilizing plate 105 is schematically shown.
[0058] The battery storage device 101 includes a housing 102, a stabilizing plate 105 arranged in the interior space of the housing 102, and a plurality of battery cells 103.
[0059] The stabilizing plate 105, for example a steel plate, has a plurality of channels 106, where each channel 106 exactly mates with a degassing opening 104 of one of the battery cells 103. Thereby, in the event of a thermal runaway, gas can be introduced from a defective battery cell 103 into the degassing section 112 and discharged through the opening 107 of the housing 102. The arrow drawn from the middle battery cell 103 represents, for example, thermal degassing during a thermal runaway.
[0060] In addition, the battery cell section 111 of the interior space of the housing (where the battery cells 103 are arranged) and the channels 106 of the stabilizing plate 105 are filled with a casting material, for example foam.
[0061] In order to enable filling with the casting material during the manufacture of the known battery storage device 105, the battery cells 103 are arranged at a distance from the stabilizing plate 105, thereby forming a filling gap 108.
[0062] However, by providing the filling gap 108, the structural space for the battery cells 103 is lost due to the filling gap, such that the size of the battery cells 103 has to be determined smaller. Therefore, the battery cells 103 can store less electrical energy, which, for example, results in a shorter range of a motor vehicle that can be electrically driven by the battery storage device 105.
[0063] Due to the filling gap, there is a casting material with a relatively large layer thickness between the respective degassing openings 104 of the battery cells 103 and the mating channels 106 of the stabilizing plate 105. This relatively large layer thickness poses a risk of lateral bursting of the battery cells 103 or a risk of degassing at the terminals of the battery cells 103 in the event of a thermal runaway.
[0064] In addition, during a thermal runaway, the entire battery cell bottom of the battery cells 103 may become loose or otherwise detached. The detached battery cell bottom may wedge on the stabilizing plate or block the mating channels 106 of the stabilizing plate 105, such that the thermal degassing is transferred through the filling gap 108 to adjacent battery cells 103. This may cause the adjacent battery cells 103 to overheat severely and, for example, result in a short circuit.
[0065] Figure 3Only a battery storage device 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.
[0066] The battery storage device 1 includes a housing 2 that forms an internal space of the housing and a stabilizing plate 5 disposed in the internal space of the housing and dividing the internal space of the housing into a degassing section 12 and a battery cell section 11.
[0067] The stabilizing plate 5 can be composed of at least one electrically insulating material or a metal plate with at least one insulating layer and / or an abutting insulating plate.
[0068] The battery storage device 1 also has a plurality of battery cells 3, which are arranged within the battery cell section 11 and are spaced apart from each other. The plurality of battery cells 3 can be implemented as circular battery cells.
[0069] The plurality of battery cells 3 have degassing openings 4, which can be closed, for example, by rupture membranes respectively. The degassing openings 4 are respectively formed on the side of one of the plurality of battery cells 3 facing the stabilizing plate 5.
[0070] The stabilizing plate 5 has a channel 6, wherein the degassing openings 4 of the plurality of battery cells 3 respectively match with one of the channels 6. Different from the known battery storage device 101, the channel 6 includes a multi-battery cell channel 8, which matches with a plurality of the degassing openings among the degassing openings 6. In addition, it is also conceivable that the channel 6 includes a plurality of multi-battery cell channels 8, which respectively match with a plurality of the degassing openings among the degassing openings 4.
[0071] In Figure 3 's view, this multi-battery cell channel 8 matches with the degassing openings 4 of the left battery cell 3 and the middle battery cell 3. In other words, the left battery cell and the middle battery cell 3 share this multi-battery cell channel 8. When at least one of these two battery cells 3 experiences thermal runaway, gas is introduced into the degassing section 12 through this multi-battery cell channel and discharged through an opening 7 of the housing 2 that can be closed, for example, by a rupture membrane. The arrow drawn from the middle battery cell 3 represents, for example, thermal degassing during thermal runaway.
[0072] Figure 3It is also shown that the plurality of battery cells 3 are abutted against the stabilizing plate 5. Thus, different from the known battery storage device 101, no filling gap is formed in the battery storage device 1. Through one of the channels 6, namely this multi-battery cell channel 8, being matched with a plurality of degassing openings among the degassing openings 4, the intermediate space between at least two of the plurality of battery cells 3 can be accessed via the one channel 6 and thus no filling gap is required. Instead, the intermediate space between the plurality of battery cells 3 and the intermediate space between the plurality of battery cells 3 and the housing 2 can be filled with a casting material, such as foam, via the accessible intermediate space. Alternatively or additionally, the housing 2 can be filled with an insulating material such that the stabilizing plate 5 and the plurality of battery cells 3 are at least partially, optionally completely, arranged in the insulating material.
[0073] Correspondingly, the channels 6 of the stabilizing plate 5, the intermediate space between the plurality of battery cells 3, and the intermediate space between the plurality of battery cells 3 and the housing 2 can be at least partially filled with an insulating material.
[0074] Figure 4 A top view of the multi-battery cell channel 8 in the installed state is schematically shown, wherein, according to the shown optional embodiment, the multi-battery cell channel 8 can have different shapes.
[0075] In Figure 4 (a), the multi-battery cell channel 8 has a triangular shape, wherein the multi-battery cell channel 8 is matched with three of the degassing openings 4.
[0076] In Figure 4 (b), the multi-battery cell channel 8 has a trapezoidal shape, wherein the multi-battery cell channel 8 is matched with four of the degassing openings 4.
[0077] In Figure 4 (c), the multi-battery cell channel 8 has a hexagonal shape, wherein the multi-battery cell channel 8 is matched with seven of the degassing openings 4.
[0078] List of reference numerals
[0079] 1 Battery storage device
[0080] 2 Housing
[0081] 3 Battery cell
[0082] 4 Degassing opening
[0083] 5 Stabilizing plate
[0084] 6 Channel
[0085] 7 Opening of the housing
[0086] 8 Multi - cell channel
[0087] 11 Battery cell section of the interior space of the housing
[0088] 12 Degassing section of the interior space of the housing
[0089] 101 Battery storage device (according to the prior art)
[0090] 102 Housing (according to the prior art)
[0091] 103 Battery cell (according to the prior art)
[0092] 104 Degassing opening (according to the prior art)
[0093] 105 Stabilizing plate (according to the prior art)
[0094] 106 Channel (according to the prior art)
[0095] 107 Housing opening (according to the prior art)
[0096] 108 Filling gap
[0097] 111 Battery cell section of the interior space of the housing (according to the prior art)
[0098] 112 Degassing section of the interior space of the housing (according to the prior art)
Claims
1. A battery storage device (1) for an electrically drivable motor vehicle, comprising: a housing (2) which forms an interior space of the housing; a stabilizing plate (5) which is arranged in the interior space of the housing and divides the interior space of the housing into a degassing section (12) and a battery cell section (11), the stabilizing plate (5) having a channel (6); and a plurality of battery cells (3) which are arranged within the battery cell section (11) and have degassing openings (4), the degassing openings (4) being respectively formed on a side of one of the plurality of battery cells (3) facing the stabilizing plate (5) and respectively corresponding to one of the channels (6); characterized in that: the channel (6) includes at least one multi-battery cell channel (8) which corresponds to a plurality of the degassing openings among the degassing openings (6).
2. The battery storage device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The at least one multi-battery cell channel (8) has a triangular, trapezoidal or hexagonal shape.
3. The battery storage device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that: The at least one multi-battery cell channel (8) has a triangular shape, wherein the at least one multi-battery cell channel (8) corresponds to three of the degassing openings (4); has a trapezoidal shape, wherein the at least one multi-battery cell channel (8) corresponds to four of the degassing openings (4); or has a hexagonal shape, wherein the at least one multi-battery cell channel (8) corresponds to seven of the degassing openings (4).
4. The battery storage device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: the plurality of battery cells (3) are grouped into a plurality of groups of parallel-connected battery cells (3); and the at least one multi-battery cell channel (8) corresponds to the degassing openings (4) of one of the groups.
5. The battery storage device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: The plurality of battery cells (3) are in contact with the stabilizing plate (5).
6. The battery storage device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: The stabilizing plate (5) is made of at least one electrically insulating material or by a metal plate with at least one insulating layer and / or a bonded insulating plate.
7. The battery storage device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: The plurality of battery cells (3) are implemented as circular battery cells and are arranged at a distance from each other in the battery cell section (11).
8. The battery storage device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: the channel (6) of the stabilizing plate (5), the intermediate space between the plurality of battery cells (3), and the intermediate space between the plurality of battery cells (3) and the housing (2) are at least partially filled with a casting material, and / or the stabilizing plate (5) and the plurality of battery cells (3) are at least partially arranged in an insulating material.
9. The battery storage device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: the degassing openings (4) are respectively closed by a rupture film, and / or the housing (2) has an opening (7) closed by a rupture film, which opening is configured to be adjacent to the degassing section (12).
10. Motor vehicle, characterized in that: The motor vehicle includes the battery storage device (1) according to one of the preceding claims.