Brake device and rail vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a braking device (1) for a rail vehicle, comprising a wheel set (99), a wheel (9) rotatable about a wheel axis (x), comprising a vortex rotor (22A; 22B) and an eddy current stator (21A; 21A; 21B) of a motor vehicle (21; 2B) and a friction brake (3) comprising a friction rotor (32) and a friction stator (31), wherein: the eddy current brake (2A; 2B) and the friction brake (3) can be sequentially activated by a single actuating device (7); the vortex rotor (22A; 22B) having a disc design and being connected to one side of the wheel (9) so as to be coaxially aligned with the wheel axis (x); the eddy current stator (21A; 21B) can be rotated in the direction of the wheel axis (x) between the vortex rotor (22A; 22B); and the wheel (9) is provided with a rim (92) acting as a friction rotor (32) and having an end face (921) oriented radially outward with respect to the wheel axis (x) and acting as a braking surface, and against which the friction stator (31) can be moved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a braking device for a rail vehicle, which includes an eddy current disc brake and a friction disc brake, and also relates to a rail vehicle, in particular a bogie, having at least one such braking device. Background Art

[0002] EP2598766B1 discloses a braking device for a rail vehicle having an eddy current disc brake and a friction disc brake. The eddy current disc brake includes a rotating rotor and a non-rotating stator. The rotating rotor includes eddy current tracks, and the non-rotating stator carries electromagnets. When the rotor moves in the eddy current tracks, the magnetic field lines of the electromagnets induce eddy currents, which generate an eddy current braking torque. The friction disc brake includes a rotor serving as a brake disc and a brake friction pad serving as a stator that interacts with the brake disc to generate a frictional braking torque. The eddy current disc brake and the friction disc brake use the same rotor, which serves both as an eddy current rotor having eddy current tracks and as a friction disc brake rotor.

[0003] The braking device is controlled by a control unit according to the operating parameters of the rail vehicle, and the operating parameters include the corresponding braking requirements of the rail vehicle, which usually depend on the speed.

[0004] The eddy current disc brake is effective at high speeds of the rail vehicle and at high rotational speeds of the rotor without causing any wear. At low speeds, the braking effect of the eddy current disc brake is reduced, which is why the friction disc brake is activated to stop the rail vehicle. Since the friction disc brake is usually only used at low speeds, the corresponding wear is minimal.

[0005] EP2598766B1 schematically shows that the eddy current disc brake having electromagnets and the friction disc brake are coupled to the wheel separately from each other, which is why a corresponding amount of space is required. By supplying power to the electromagnets, the eddy current disc brake can be easily activated. No moving parts and mechanical actuators are provided in the eddy current disc brake. If the eddy current disc brake includes permanent magnets instead of electromagnets, the permanent magnets will be guided into the eddy current path by an actuating device to initiate the braking process. When the braking device is implemented by an eddy current disc brake and a friction disc brake (both including mechanical actuating devices), this results in an additional increase in the required space and the manufacturing work for implementing the braking device.

[0006] US20170239506A1 discloses an immovable training device having a brake disc that rises from the ground and is rotatably mounted, the brake disc having a radially aligned ring at its periphery that can be acted upon by an eddy current brake and a friction brake, the eddy current brake and the friction brake including a brake element connected to an adjusting device and rotatably mounted. The device cannot be used with a brake disc designed as a wheel and rolling on the ground.

[0007] US20020300310A1 discloses a braking device having an eddy current brake and an axially or axially / radially activatable integrated friction brake.

[0008] In an axially operated braking device, the fixed and rotatable discs or rings holding the interacting elements of the eddy current brake and the friction brake are displaceable against each other. Accordingly, the device is extremely complex and difficult to implement in combination with the wheels of a rail vehicle.

[0009] In an axially / radially actuated braking device, the magnets are mounted radially displaceably and radially displaceable via cables, each magnet via a cable. The brake disc of the friction brake is axially displaceable by a rotatably mounted cylinder provided with helically running teeth. Implementing such a complex braking device with a radially actuated eddy current brake and an axially actuated friction brake requires a great deal of effort and is difficult to combine with the wheels of a rail vehicle. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to create an improved braking device for a rail vehicle, including a friction brake and an eddy current brake having at least one permanent magnet. Furthermore, a rail vehicle, in particular a bogie, is implemented with such a braking device.

[0011] Although there is no electromagnet and at least one electromagnet is used, the braking device should be more compact than the above-described braking devices, such that it occupies less space and can be advantageously integrated into a rail vehicle, in particular a bogie.

[0012] The present invention should also be able to transfer an increased braking effect to the wheels of the rail vehicle.

[0013] The braking device should be designed simply and include only a few parts, thereby reducing manufacturing and maintenance costs.

[0014] The elements of the braking device should be easily accessible and detachable from each other, such that maintenance and repair work is hardly laborious.

[0015] The braking device should provide optimal braking performance at any speed of the rail vehicle. During the normal operation of the braking device, the wear of the friction brake should be minimized. However, when the braking device is not working, there should be no braking effect.

[0016] This object is achieved by the braking device according to claim 1 and the rail vehicle (in particular a bogie) according to claim 15. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in further claims.

[0017] A braking device provided for a rail vehicle including at least one wheel set having a wheel set shaft extending coaxially with the wheel pair axis, comprising:

[0018] A wheel directly or indirectly coupled to the wheel set shaft and rotatable about the wheel axis,

[0019] At least one eddy current brake including an eddy current rotor and an eddy current stator, the eddy current rotor being connected to the wheel, the eddy current stator being movable relative to the eddy current rotor, and

[0020] At least one friction brake including a friction rotor and a friction stator, the friction rotor being connected to the wheel or integrated into the wheel, the friction stator being displaceable against the friction rotor.

[0021] According to the invention, there is provided:

[0022] The eddy current brake and the friction brake are sequentially actuable by a single actuating device and a drive device, the drive device being coupled to the actuating device and controllable by a control unit,

[0023] The eddy current rotor is designed as a one-piece or segmented disk or ring shape, coaxially aligned with the wheel axis, and connected to one side of the wheel or integrated into the wheel,

[0024] At least one eddy current stator is designed as a one-piece or segmented and displaceable in front of the eddy current rotor in the direction of the wheel axis or tiltable segment by segment against the eddy current rotor, and

[0025] The wheel is provided with a rim which serves as the friction rotor and, relative to the wheel axis, includes a radially outwardly facing front surface which serves as a braking surface against which the friction stator is displaceable.

[0026] Preferably, at least one eddy current stator and at least one friction stator are displaceable parallel to each other.

[0027] The eddy current brake is preferably designed as an eddy current disk brake.

[0028] The wheel is coaxially aligned with and connected to the axle of the wheel set. For example, the first wheel of the braking device according to the present invention is held on one side of the axle of the wheel set, and the second wheel of another braking device according to the present invention is held on the other side of the axle of the wheel set. Additionally or as an alternative, at least one wheel with an associated braking device can also be designed as a brake wheel and be coaxially aligned with the axle of the wheel set, arranged between the two running wheels of the axle of the wheel set, or arranged at a distance from the axle of the wheel set with the wheel axle.

[0029] In a first preferred embodiment, the wheel is designed as a running wheel and is provided with a rim, which serves as a friction rotor and includes a radially outward-facing front surface with respect to the wheel axis, and the front surface serves as a braking surface and a running surface, against which the friction stator is displaceable. For example, a rail vehicle includes at least one wheel set, and at least one wheel set has two rail wheels or running wheels connected to each other by an axle of the wheel set, and one or both of the two rail wheels or running wheels are provided with at least one braking device according to the present invention. A bogie typically has a front wheel set and a rear wheel set, and each wheel set has two running wheels. Preferably, both of the two running wheels are provided with at least one braking device according to the present invention.

[0030] In another preferred embodiment, the wheel is designed as a brake wheel and is provided with a rim, which serves as a friction rotor and includes a radially outward-facing front surface with respect to the wheel axis, and the front surface serves as a braking surface but not as a running surface, and the friction stator can be displaced against the front surface. Therefore, in this embodiment, the rim must include a front surface and allow the displacement of the eddy current stator. For the braking device according to the present invention, the running wheel and the brake wheel are thus functionally equivalent.

[0031] The wheel set of a rail vehicle can be coupled to one or more brake wheels. At least one brake wheel is placed on the axle of the wheel set and firmly coupled to the axle of the wheel set. Alternatively, at least one brake wheel is rotatably mounted with its wheel axle spaced apart from the axle of the wheel set and the axis of the wheel set, and is coupled to the axle of the wheel set through a gear and, if necessary, through a coupling device.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the brake wheel is held by a drive shaft, and the drive shaft is driven by a drive motor. Therefore, one or more wheel sets of a rail vehicle or an optional bogie equipped with the braking device according to the present invention are optionally equipped with such a drive motor.

[0033] When the brake wheel is coupled to the wheel set via a gear, it is preferably provided that the brake wheel rotates at a higher speed than the wheel set. This results in an increase in the eddy current of the eddy current brake and correspondingly higher braking performance, which is why other braking devices can be completely or partially omitted. This also has the advantage of being able to significantly reduce the unsprung mass on the wheel set.

[0034] The diameter of the brake wheel can be different from that of the running wheel, but is preferably the same. If the brake wheel is arranged at a certain distance from the wheel set, the wheel set is provided with a diameter reduced at least to the extent of avoiding contact with the axle of the wheel set.

[0035] If the wheel set is connected to the brake wheel, the brake wheel or brake wheels and the running wheels can preferably each be provided with at least one braking device of the present invention.

[0036] Therefore, the running wheels and the brake wheels are functionally equivalent to the braking device of the present invention and can be designed and / or equipped in the same way, which is why the description of the embodiments of the braking device of the present invention for wheels applies in the same way in embodiments where the wheel is a running wheel or a brake wheel arranged coaxially or eccentrically.

[0037] In an alternative embodiment, the wheel is designed as a running wheel and is provided with a hub forming at least one friction rotor or provided with at least one friction rotor. The hub includes a front face radially outwardly directed relative to the wheel axis, and the front face serves as a braking surface, and an associated friction stator is displaceable against the front face. In addition, an eddy current brake is provided on one or both sides of the wheel.

[0038] The combination of the eddy current brake and the friction brake with a single actuating device results in a simple and compact design of the braking device. The braking device occupies little space and can be advantageously mounted on the wheel.

[0039] At least one eddy current stator and at least one friction stator are displaced at least approximately radially and preferably parallel along the radius direction of the wheel axis towards the wheel or parallel to this direction (optionally via a grading), such that the eddy current brake and the friction brake are advantageously integrated into the braking device. Therefore, the braking device can be realized with a minimum size and advantageously mounted.

[0040] Due to the small space required, multiple braking devices can also act on a single wheel, running wheel or brake wheel. For example, two braking devices are provided, which act on the wheel from different directions and are, for example, diametrically opposite to each other relative to the wheel axis of the wheel. By the present invention, the braking effect on the wheel can be doubled or further increased in this way.

[0041] Preferably, the braking device is at least partially symmetrical, such that a first eddy current brake and an optional first friction brake can be realized on one side of the wheel, running wheel or brake wheel, and a second eddy current brake and an optional second friction brake can be realized on the other side of the wheel.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, in combination with at least one eddy current brake, preferably between two eddy current brakes, a single friction brake device is provided which acts respectively on the front side of the wheel, the running wheel or the brake wheel or on the rim provided with the front side of the wheel. This action takes place completely or partially on the front side or the peripheral contour of the wheel, which includes the track flange. If the force is applied only to the rim or the front side without acting on the track flange, only the front side is partially stressed.

[0043] The eddy current rotor of the eddy current brake is preferably disc-shaped or annular and is preferably coaxially connected to the wheel, the running wheel or the brake wheel or integrated therein. The eddy current rotor can be designed as a one-piece or segmented type. For example, two preferably floor-shaped ferromagnetic metal rings are stacked one above the other, wherein the outer metal ring preferably particularly resists external influences and corrosion, and the inner metal ring is particularly suitable for conducting eddy currents. Preferably, the outer metal ring or the protective ring is of a thin size such that the protective effect and mechanical strength are substantially ensured. The outer metal ring is preferably made of cupronickel, aluminum or stainless steel. The inner metal ring is preferably made of steel. The eddy current rotor or at least a part of the eddy current rotor, preferably at least its outwardly exposed side, is preferably provided with a protective layer, for example made of metal or plastic, which is preferably less than 1 mm thick.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the ferromagnetic wheel disc connecting the hub to the rim forms the eddy current rotor of the wheel, the running wheel or the brake wheel. The wheel disc is preferably machined, hardened and / or coated or provided with a protective layer (as the case may be) accordingly.

[0045] In a first embodiment, the eddy current stator is preferably displaceable perpendicular to the wheel axis in front of the eddy current rotor. In this first embodiment, the eddy current stator can be present in different embodiments suitable for the wheel or the rail vehicle. For example, the eddy current stator is formed as a circular segment or an annular segment, the size of which is preferably suitable for the eddy current rotor and can completely or partially cover its segment.

[0046] In another embodiment, the eddy current stator is divided into a plurality of segments, each segment being held by a stator holder so as to be tiltable and can be tilted between a reset position and a braking position by an actuating device. In the reset position, they are disengaged from the associated eddy current rotor, and in the braking position, they are engaged with the associated eddy current rotor. The eddy current stator segments are preferably tiltable by 90° or tiltable such that in the main embodiment, they are either arranged parallel to and engaged with the eddy current rotor in the braking position or arranged perpendicular to and disengaged from the eddy current rotor in the reset position. Preferably, the eddy current stator segments are tiltably mounted such that in the braking position, they are located in a plane spaced from the eddy current rotor by as small an air gap as possible, and in the reset position, they are as far away from the eddy current rotor as possible.

[0047] Preferably, the eddy current stator segments are each held by a magnet retainer which, on the one hand, is arranged, for example via a retaining frame, for holding the eddy current stator segments and, on the other hand, is arranged, for example via at least one retaining arm, for holding the associated connecting shaft. By means of the appropriate dimensions of the retaining arm, the eddy current stator segments can be tilted against the eddy current stator along a desired path to the braking position and back away from the eddy current stator to the reset position.

[0048] The eddy current stator or the eddy current stator segments are preferably designed as one-piece or multi-piece as permanent magnets and / or include several permanent magnets, possibly hard magnets, which include rare earth elements (Nd-Fe-B (neodymium iron boron), Sm-Co (samarium cobalt)). Preferably, the eddy current stator includes a retaining body having recesses, openings or holes into which magnets (preferably hard magnets) are inserted. The inserted magnets can be cylindrical or cuboid and / or include a polygonal cross-section.

[0049] Like the eddy current rotor, the eddy current stator can also consist of one or more parts, where at least one part is preferably coated or provided with a protective layer, at least on one exposed side.

[0050] The friction rotor is preferably disc-shaped or annular and is connected coaxially to the wheel or integrated into the wheel. Thus, the friction stator can act on the friction rotor with its front side or longitudinal side, optionally on a part of the rim or hub or on the friction rotor connected to the hub.

[0051] The eddy current stator and the friction stator are preferably held in a fixed position during the braking phase, which is why they are called stators. However, the eddy current stator and the friction stator can be moved to the braking position and back to the reset position. In a preferred embodiment, the eddy current stator can also be moved by the eddy current brake during braking, for example to move the friction stator against the friction rotor. By taking into account the appropriate dimensions of the eddy current stator displacement, it is ensured that the effect of the eddy current brake remains constant when the friction brake is applied.

[0052] At least one eddy current stator and the friction stator can be rigidly connected to each other via an actuating arm or held separately from each other and moved together. In both embodiments, a single actuating device is provided which actuates at least one eddy current brake and the friction brake. The advantage of the direct connection of the friction stator to the eddy current stator is that the friction stator is held by the eddy current stator and the actuating arm for holding the friction stator is no longer required.

[0053] In a particularly simple embodiment (see Figure 2a) The eddy current stator is used to hold and / or mount the friction stator. For example, the friction stator is connected to the eddy current stator by a threaded connection or a form-fit connection. For example, the eddy current stator and the friction stator are connected to each other by a dovetail connection, so that the friction stator can be easily mounted and preferably fixed, for example, by a set of screws, and can also be disassembled and replaced. In this embodiment, the eddy current brake and the friction brake actually form an integral unit that can be particularly advantageously implemented and used.

[0054] In another preferred embodiment, the eddy current stator is held by at least one first actuating arm, and the friction stator is held by at least one second actuating arm of a single actuating device and is integrally connected or connected to each other by a coupling element.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, a guiding device is provided through which the eddy current stator can be guided against the eddy current rotor / or the friction stator can be guided against the friction rotor. The guiding device is preferably designed such that the braking effect occurs sequentially, so that during a braking operation at high vehicle speeds, the eddy current brake is first activated, and only after the speed has decreased, the friction brake is optionally activated.

[0056] The braking device is preferably controlled by a control unit according to the operating parameters of the rail vehicle. The operating parameters preferably include environment-related parameters and vehicle-related parameters, such as thresholds, set values / set curves, and braking requirements. Taking these parameters into account, the control unit sends a control signal to the braking device in order to activate the eddy current brake and the friction brake sequentially or simultaneously when a very strong braking is required.

[0057] The eddy current stator and the friction stator can be rigidly or elastically connected to each other in any way by several connecting components, so that they can be driven together by a drive device.

[0058] At least one friction stator is preferably elastically held by an elastic element such as a spring (for example, a tension spring or a torsion spring) and is optionally displaceably mounted, so that the contact pressure can optionally be increased by compression of the elastic element.

[0059] Preferably, at least one coupling component is provided which connects at least one eddy current stator and at least one friction stator to each other, optionally via actuating arms that are preferably aligned parallel to each other.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the eddy current stator and the friction stator are co-displaceable in front of the eddy current rotor and the friction rotor and against the eddy current rotor and the friction rotor together through a guide rail of a guiding device including a control curve, so that an interaction first occurs between the eddy current stator and the eddy current rotor, and in the case of further displacement, an interaction is generated between the friction stator and the friction rotor.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, only at least one eddy current stator is guided along a control curve. The friction stator can be directly connected to the eddy current stator or moved separately.

[0062] The actuating device for shifting the eddy current stator and the friction stator is activated by a drive device, which for example drives a spindle or includes an extendable piston. For example, the spindle engages in a drive ring or a drive sleeve with an internal thread, and when the spindle rotates, the drive ring or the drive sleeve is axially displaced along the spindle. Alternatively, the drive device can also include an extendable piston acting on the actuating device, in particular on the actuating arm. Thus, there are various options for driving the actuating device. The drive device is for example an electric servo motor. Optionally, the drive is applied only in one direction, for example to displace the eddy current stator and the friction stator against the eddy current rotor and the friction rotor, or to remove them from the eddy current rotor and the friction rotor. During this process, energy can be stored in a reset element, which can return the eddy current stator and / or the friction stator in the opposite direction.

[0063] If the deactivated braking device cannot provide any braking effect, an isolation disc is preferably provided, in which the eddy current stator can be parked and which preferably shields at least partially against the eddy current rotor and / or against external influences. For example, the isolation disc is made of ferromagnetic material, which causes a short circuit of the magnetic field lines and prevents them from penetrating the eddy current rotor.

[0064] As described above, a rail vehicle, possibly a bogie, can advantageously be equipped with the braking device according to the invention.

[0065] The wheels of the rail vehicle or the bogie can be equipped with one or more braking devices on one or both sides. Description of the Drawings

[0066] The invention is explained in more detail in the following drawings. It shows:

[0067] Figure 1a A bogie 100 is shown having two elastically mounted wheel sets 99, each wheel set including two running wheels 9 connected to each other by a wheel set shaft 98, and preferably, at least one braking device 1 according to the invention is assigned to each running wheel 9;

[0068] Figure 1b A bogie 100 having a wheel set 99 is shown Figure 1a in which each wheel set includes two running wheels 9 connected to each other by a wheel set shaft 98 and two braking wheels 9' arranged coaxially with the wheel set shaft 98, and at least one braking device 1 according to the invention is preferably assigned to each of the running wheels 9 and the braking wheels 9';

[0069] Figure 2aShows the braking device 1 of the present invention mounted on the wheel 9 and not yet activated, including an actuating device 7 connected to a drive device 8 and controlled by a control unit 10 via the drive device 8. Eddy current brakes 2A, 2B and friction brakes 3A, 3B can be activated on both sides of the wheel 9 (see also Figure 2B);

[0070] Figure 2b Is shown in longitudinal section Figure 2a The braking device 1 and another optional braking device 1' connected to the wheel 9. The wheel 9 is preferably provided with an actuating device 7 according to Figure 2a ;

[0071] Figure 3a Shows another braking device 1 of the present invention, which is different from the braking device Figure 2a in that only one friction brake 3 is provided with a friction stator 31, which is displaceable relative to the rim 92 of the wheels 9, 9', 9'', and the rim 92 serves as a friction rotor 32;

[0072] Figure 3b Shows Figure 6a A schematic diagram of the braking device 1 during the displacement of the friction stator 31 and at least one eddy current stator 21A;

[0073] Figure 3c Shows the braking device 1 having an eddy current stator 21A and a friction stator 31, where the eddy current stator 21A is coupled to an eddy current rotor 22A, and the friction stator 31 is in frictional engagement with the friction rotor 32 or the front surface 921 of the rim 92; Figure 6a ;

[0074] Figure 4a Shows Figure 3a A top view of the braking device 1;

[0075] Figure 4b Shows Figure 3b A top view of the braking device 1;

[0076] Figure 4c Shows Figure 3c A top view of the braking device 1;

[0077] Figure 5a Shows Figure 3a The braking device 1, as viewed from the inside of the wheels 9, 9', 9'', where the actuating arms 74C, 74A, 74B are retracted;

[0078] Figure 5b Shows Figure 5a The braking device 1, as viewed from the outside of the wheels 9, 9', 9'';

[0079] Figure 5c Shows Figure 5aThe braking device 1, as viewed from the inner side of the wheels 9, 9', 9", wherein the actuating arms 74C, 74A, 74B partially project, and the eddy current brakes 2a, 2b are partially activated;

[0080] Figure 5d shows Figure 5c the braking device 1, as viewed from the outer side of the wheels 9, 9', 9";

[0081] Figure 5e shows Figure 5a the braking device 1, as viewed from the inner side of the wheels 9, 9', 9", wherein the actuating arms 74C, 74A, 74B fully project, and the eddy current brakes 2a, 2b and the friction brake 3 are activated;

[0082] Figure 5f shows Figure 5e the braking device 1, as viewed from the outer side of the wheels 9, 9', 9";

[0083] Figure 6a shows another braking device 1 of the present invention, including a friction brake 3 and eddy current brakes 2, 2B. The friction brake 3 has a friction stator 31 slidable against the rim 92 of the wheels 9, 9', 9", and the rim 92 serves as a friction rotor 32. The eddy current brakes 2, 2B include a stator holder 71, and a plurality of eddy current stator segments 21B1,..., 21Bn are tiltably or pivotally mounted from the stator holder 71, preferably on each side of the wheels 9, 9', 9". The plurality of eddy current stator segments 21B1,..., 21Bn are pivotable between a braking position and a reset position by an actuating device 7;

[0084] Figure 6b shows Figure 6a the braking device 1, wherein the eddy current brakes 2, 2A are in the braking position, and the eddy current stator segments 21A1,..., 21An are pivoted relative to the associated eddy current rotors 22A and arranged at a minimum spacing in a plane parallel to the eddy current rotors 22A;

[0085] Figure 6c shows Figure 6b the braking device 1 in, wherein the eddy current brakes 2, 2A are in the reset position, and the eddy current stator segments 21A1,..., 21An have rotated away from the associated eddy current rotors 22A and are arranged at a maximum spacing perpendicular to the eddy current rotors 22A;

[0086] Figure 6d shows Figure 6a the braking device 1, wherein the eddy current brakes 2, 2A are in the braking position and there is no stator holder 71;

[0087] Figure 6e shows Figure 6bThe braking device 1, in which the eddy current brakes 2, 2A are in the reset position and there is no stator retainer 71;

[0088] Figure 7a Shows the braking device 1 with eddy current brakes 2, 2A in another preferred embodiment; Figure 6a The braking device 1 in which the eddy current brakes 2, 2A have tiltable eddy current stator segments 21A1, …, 21An;

[0089] Figure 7b Shows Figure 7a The braking device 1, in which the eddy current brakes 2, 2B are in the braking position, where the eddy current stator segments 21B1, …, 21Bn are pivoted against the associated eddy current rotor 22B and arranged with the smallest possible spacing in a plane parallel to the eddy current rotor 22B;

[0090] Figure 7c Shows Figure 7b The braking device 1, in which the eddy current brakes 2, 2B are in the reset position, where the eddy current stator segments 21B1, …, 21Bn are tilted away from the associated eddy current rotor 22A and arranged as far as possible perpendicular to the eddy current rotor 22A;

[0091] Figure 8a Shows one of the eddy current stator segments 21A1, …, 21An, 21B1, …, 21Bn, which is held by a magnet retainer 753 and is tiltable about a connecting shaft 72, and the connecting shaft 72 can be driven by a rotating device 75, and the rotating device 75 is configured as a lever joint or a gear transmission mechanism;

[0092] Figure 8b Shows one of the eddy current stator segments 21A1, …, 21An, 21B1, …, 21Bn, which is tiltably held by a connecting shaft 72, and the connecting shaft 72 can be driven by a rotating device 75, and the rotating device 75 is designed as a lever joint or a gear transmission mechanism;

[0093] Figure 9 Shows Figure 1b The wheel set 99 of the bogie 100, having four braking devices 1 of the present invention associated with two running wheels 9 and two braking wheels 9';

[0094] Figure 10 Shows Figure 1b The wheel set 99 of the bogie 100, having two braking devices 1 of the present invention assigned to two braking wheels 9', and having two conventional braking devices 1k assigned to the running wheels 9;

[0095] Figure 11a Shows, for example, for Figure 1aThe wheel set 99 of the bogie 100 has the braking device 1 of the present invention. The braking device 1 has a brake wheel 9", and the brake wheel 9" is connected to the axle 98 of the wheel set 99 through a gear 94 and a coupling device 95, and is held by a drive shaft 961 connected to a drive motor 96 in this preferred embodiment;

[0096] Figure 11b shows Figure 11a the front view of the device; and

[0097] Figure 11c shows Figure 11a the rear view of the device.

[0098] Reference numerals

[0099] 1 Braking device of the present invention

[0100] 1k Conventional braking device

[0101] 10 Control unit

[0102] 100 Bogie

[0103] 101 Holding device

[0104] 11 Drive module

[0105] 12 Communication unit

[0106] 13 Controllable power supply device

[0107] 19 Housing

[0108] 2, 2A, 2B Eddy current brakes

[0109] 20A, 20B Isolation discs

[0110] 21A, 21B Eddy current stators

[0111] 21A1, 21A2, …, 21A Eddy current stator segments (located outside the wheel)

[0112] 21B1, 21B2, …, 21Bn Eddy current stator segments (located inside the wheel)

[0113] 210 Hole

[0114] 211 Guide flange

[0115] 212 Guide element

[0116] 213 Drive flange

[0117] 214 Coupling bolt

[0118] 219 Magnet

[0119] 22A and 22B Eddy Current Rotors

[0120] 221 First Rotor Part (e.g., Steel Ring)

[0121] 222 Second Rotor Part (e.g., Nickel Silver Ring)

[0122] 225 Connecting Screws, Mounting Screws

[0123] 3, 3A, 3B Friction Brakes

[0124] 31A, 31B Friction Stators

[0125] 32A, 32B Friction Rotors

[0126] 6 Guide Devices

[0127] 6A, 6B Guide Rails

[0128] 6C Guide Plates

[0129] 60, 60A, 60B Control Curves

[0130] 7 Actuating Devices

[0131] 70A, 70B Connecting Shafts

[0132] 71 Stator Retainers

[0133] 71A, 71B Stator Retaining Members

[0134] 72 Connecting Shaft

[0135] 73, 73A, 73B Coupling Components, Multiple Coupling Components, Coupling Arms

[0136] 74, 74A, 74B, 74C Actuating Arms

[0137] 75 Rotating Devices

[0138] 751 Driving Components

[0139] 752 Rotating Components

[0140] 753 Magnet Retainers

[0141] 7531 Retaining Arms

[0142] 7532 Retaining Frames

[0143] 77 Reset Elements, Reset Springs

[0144] 79 Coupling Bolts

[0145] 8 Driving Devices

[0146] 80 Electric, Hydraulic or Pneumatic Driving Units

[0147] 81 Driving element, piston, drive shaft

[0148] 82 Optional gear

[0149] 83 Actuating element, guiding piston, drive spindle

[0150] 84 Drive ring, drive sleeve

[0151] 85 Connecting bolt

[0152] 86 Bearing shaft

[0153] 88 Transmission rod

[0154] 881 First rod end piece

[0155] 882 Second rod end piece

[0156] 9, 9', 9'' Wheel, running wheel or brake wheel

[0157] 90 Bearing element

[0158] 91 Hub

[0159] 92 Rim

[0160] 921 Front of wheel profile

[0161] 922 Track flange of wheel profile

[0162] 93 Wheel disc

[0163] 94 Gearbox

[0164] 941 Gear shaft

[0165] 942 Gear element, transmission element

[0166] 95 Connecting device

[0167] 96 Drive motor

[0168] 961 Motor shaft

[0169] 965 Power supply line

[0170] 98 Axle for wheel set

[0171] 99 Wheel set Detailed implementation mode

[0172] Figure 1a A bogie 100 of a rail vehicle with two elastically mounted wheel sets 99 is shown, each wheel set comprising two running wheels 9, the two running wheels 9 being mounted to an axle for wheel set 98, and each running wheel preferably being assigned at least one braking device 1 of the present invention.

[0173] Figure 1b shows a bogie 100 having a wheel set 99 Figure 1a , each wheel set including two running wheels 9 and two braking wheels 9', and each braking wheel preferably being assigned at least one braking device 1 of the present invention. The running wheels 9 and the two braking wheels 9' are held by a wheel set shaft 98.

[0174] Figure 11a shows a braking device 1 of the present invention which can be advantageously implemented, wherein the braking wheel 9' is spaced apart from the wheel set shaft 98 but is connected to the wheel set shaft 98 by a gear 94 such that rotation of the wheel set 99 causes rotation of the braking wheel 9', and rotation of the braking wheel 9' causes the wheel set 99 to rotate. In this case, the gear 94 can be used to achieve a transmission ratio greater than, less than or equal to 1. Preferably, the braking wheel 9'' rotates at a higher speed than the wheel set 99. In a preferred embodiment, either the running wheel 9 or the braking wheel 9'' can be directly or indirectly driven.

[0175] The following embodiments of the braking device 1 can be implemented in the same manner, wherein the running wheels 9 and the braking wheels 9', 9'' are fixed to the wheel set shaft 98 or are connected to the wheel set shaft 98 by gears. Therefore, the explanations regarding the braking device 1 having the running wheels 9 also apply to the braking device 1 having the braking wheels 9' or 9''.

[0176] Optionally, one or more braking devices 1 of the present invention can be assigned to one or more running wheels 9 and / or one or more braking wheels 9', 9''. The braking device 1 of the present invention can also be used in combination with a conventional braking device 1k (see Figure 10 ), for example, the conventional braking device can be retained for emergency braking.

[0177] Thus, on the bogie 100 of Figure 1b , the conventional braking device can act on the running wheels 9, while the braking device 1 of the present invention acts on the braking wheels 9. Therefore, by providing the wheel set 99 with one or more braking wheels 9' associated with the braking device 1 of the present invention, the bogie 100 and the wheel set 99 can be easily equipped with the braking device 1 of the present invention, while the conventional braking device continues to act on the running wheels 9. By using the braking device 1 and the braking wheel 9' of the present invention, a high braking effect can be achieved effortlessly, thereby relieving the pressure on the conventional braking device. However, preferably, all conventional braking devices are replaced by the braking device of the present invention.

[0178] The running wheel 9 and the brake wheel 9' may include different or similar dimensions, whereby the rim in the area of the friction brake is preferably the same. Thus, by removing the rim, the running wheel 9 can be converted into the brake wheel 9'. Since the brake wheel 9' is only provided to absorb the braking load, rather than the load and the braking load, its load is smaller, and a reduction in size and weight can be achieved.

[0179] Figure 2a The braking device 1 of the present invention in a first preferred embodiment is shown. The braking device 1 is mounted on the wheel 9 of a rail vehicle, for example, on the wheel 9 of a bogie. The braking device 1 of the present invention is preferably provided on several or all of the wheels 9 of a rail vehicle (such as a passenger car, a freight car or a locomotive).

[0180] Figure 2b is shown in a longitudinal section Figure 2a of the braking device 1 and another optional braking device, which braking device 1' is connected to the wheel 9 and is preferably provided with an actuating device 7 according to Figure 2a In this embodiment, the two braking devices 1, 1' are radially opposite with respect to the wheel axis x. Therefore, it is advantageous to equip the wheel 9 with two or more braking devices 1, thereby correspondingly improving the braking effect.

[0181] Any wheel 9 of a rail vehicle that is made entirely or partially of metal can be equipped with the braking device 1 of the present invention. The wheel 9 of the rail vehicle (shown in a sectional view in Figure 2b ) includes a hub 91, which is penetrated by the wheel axis x and is connected to the rim 92 by a wheel disc 93. The rim 92 includes a wheel profile with a front face 921 on the outer side, and the front face 921 preferably includes a track flange 922. The friction brake can act on the front face 921 in any area, for example, on the front face 921 with or without the track flange 922, or only on the track flange 922.

[0182] The braking device 1 of the present invention includes eddy current brakes 2A, 2B and friction brakes 3A, 3B on each side of the wheel 9, which are operated by a single mechanical actuating device 7. As Figure 2b shown, at least a second braking device 1' can be provided.

[0183] The actuating device 7 of all the described embodiments of the braking device 1 is connected to a drive device 8, which drive device 8 is controlled by a control unit 10 via control electronics 11. The control unit 10 can be used to start the eddy current brakes 2A, 2B or the eddy current brakes 2A, 2B and the friction brakes 3 according to Figure 6c or according to Figure 2aThe starting of friction brakes 3A, 3B depends on specified operating parameters. At high speeds, eddy current brakes 2A, 2B are generally used for braking, and only at low speeds are friction brakes 3 or friction brakes 3A, 3B generally started. The operating parameters are supplied to control unit 10 via communication unit 12 and may have been partially stored within control unit 10. Control electronics 11 and communication unit 12 are preferably integrated into control unit 10.

[0184] According to Figure 2a and according to Figure 3a The braking device 1 differs in principle in the embodiments of friction brakes 3 or 3A, 3B. On the other hand, eddy current brakes 2A, 2B are interchangeable. According to Figure 2a The friction brakes 3A and / or 3B are each guided on one side of wheel 9 against associated friction rotors 32A, 32B. Each friction stator 31A, 31B is also held by an associated eddy current stator 21A, 21B. According to Figure 6a The friction brake 3 acts via friction stator 31 on the front side of the rim 92 of the running wheel 9 or brake wheels 9', 9” serving as friction stator 31. Friction stator 31 is not directly connected to eddy current stators 21A, 21B but is held by actuating arm 74C.

[0185] The eddy current brakes 2A, 2B of braking device 1 each include eddy current stators 21A, 21B and eddy current rotors 22A, 22B, in which an eddy current path is formed, and eddy current rotors 22A, 22B are connected to wheels 9, 9', 9” or integrated into wheels 9, 9', 9”.

[0186] Figure 2b The braking device 1 according to

[0187] includes eddy current rotors 22A, 22B, which are designed as metal ring plates and are placed concentrically with the wheel axis x on the wheel disk 93, for example screwed on. Since the wheel disk 93 itself is made of metal, the wheel disk 93 can also be used as eddy current rotors 22A, 22B and can be shaped as required.

[0188] The eddy current stators 21A, 21B designed as permanent magnets or containing permanent magnet 219 are held by the actuating device 7 and can be moved relative to the eddy current rotors 22A, 22B to activate the eddy current brakes 2A, 2B and can be returned to deactivate the eddy current brakes 2A, 2B. The eddy current stators 21A, 21B are designed as annular ring segments and preferably include a diameter approximately corresponding to the width of the plates of the eddy current rotors 22A, 22B. After the eddy current brakes 2A, 2B are activated and when the rail vehicle moves, eddy currents are formed across the entire cross-section of the eddy current stators 21A, 21B such that the eddy currents counteract the movement of the wheels 9, 9', 9".

[0189] In a preferred embodiment, the eddy current stators 21A, 21B include a plurality of permanent magnets or hard magnets 219 which are arranged in the openings, recesses or holes 210 of the eddy current stators 21A, 21B. If the recess 210 is in the form of a hole, it is particularly easy to install the cylindrical permanent magnets 219. The permanent magnets 219 can be inserted into the holes 210 and then held in place by the magnetic force they exert. The permanent magnets 219 can also include another form, for example, in the form of a cuboid.

[0190] The permanent magnets 219 preferably used at maximum density can include the same or different magnetic orientations which change from permanent magnet 219 to permanent magnet 219, preferably by 90° or 180°.

[0191] In a preferred embodiment, a Halbach array is provided in which the permanent magnets 219 are arranged in such a way that the magnetic flux is almost cancelled on one side of the Halbach array but is amplified on the other side facing the associated eddy current rotors 22A, 22B. The magnetization directions of adjacent permanent magnets 219 change by 90° in the longitudinal axis direction or along the curve or ring of a series of magnets. The permanent magnets 219 of adjacent lines or rings also preferably shift by 90°. This alternating arrangement of the permanent magnets results in a mutual shift of the magnetic fields such that the magnetic field lines on one side (preferably on the side facing the associated eddy current rotors 22A, 22B) appear with an increasing magnetic flux density.

[0192] The eddy current rotors 22A, 22B are preferably made of aluminum, stainless steel nickel silver, nickel silver or similar metal alloys. Nickel silver is a shiny alloy with a silver-white color and is composed of 45% - 70% copper, 5% - 30% nickel, 8% - 45% zinc, and may also contain trace elements such as lead, tin or iron. Nickel silver is characterized by special hardness and corrosion resistance due to its nickel content.

[0193] Figure 2bThe friction brakes 3A, 3B each include a friction stator 31A, 31B and friction rotors 32A, 32B connected to the wheel 9. The friction rotors 32A, 32B are annular and placed on the hub 91 of the wheel 9. The friction stators 31A, 31B are attached to the front sides of the associated eddy current stators 21A, 21B in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner. A part of the hub 91 can also form the friction rotors 32A, 32B.

[0194] Preferably, the friction stators 31A, 31B are form-fittingly connected to the eddy current stators 21A, 21B, for example, by a dovetail connection.

[0195] During the movement of the eddy current stators 21A, 21B towards the hub 91, the friction stators 31A, 31B are driven such that, in a first step, the eddy current brakes 2A, 2B are activated, and in a second step, when the friction stators 31A, 31B strike the friction rotors 32A, 32B, the friction brakes 3A, 3B are activated.

[0196] Therefore, the eddy current brakes 2A, 2B and the friction brakes 3A, 3B are actuated by the same actuating device 7, which is why only a small amount of space is required, and the wheel 9 can also be advantageously equipped with two braking devices 1, 1'.

[0197] The actuating device 7 of all the braking devices 1 of the present invention can have the same or different designs and optionally includes guiding devices 6A, 6B through which the eddy current stators 21A, 21B can be moved to a braking position (where the eddy current stators 21A, 21B interact with the eddy current rotors 22A, 22B) and back to a reset position (where the eddy current stators 21A, 21B are disengaged from the eddy current rotors 22A, 22B).

[0198] In accordance with Figure 2bIn an embodiment of the braking device 1, the guiding devices 6A, 6B preferably designed as guide rails each include a control curve 60. The guiding element 212 projects into the control curve 60. The guiding element 212 is connected to the associated eddy current stators 21A, 21B via a guiding flange 211. And when the eddy current stators 21A, 21B are displaced along the control curve 60, the guiding element 212 is displaced. In this embodiment, the control curve 60 is at least approximately Z-shaped and includes two straight control curve segments S1, S3. The two straight control curve segments S1, S3 are connected to each other by a tapered control curve segment S2. In the first control curve segment S1, the eddy current stators 21A, 21B are displaced relative to the hub 91 parallel to the wheel 9. In the second control curve segment S2, the eddy current stators 21A, 21B are pushed against the eddy current rotors 22A, 22B until they are separated from the eddy current rotors 22A, 22B only by as narrow an air gap as possible. During the movement of the third control curve segment S3, while maintaining the interaction between the eddy current stators 21A, 21B and the eddy current rotors 22A, 22B, the friction stators 31A, 31B are guided against the hub 91, and thus against the friction rotors 32A, 32B, and the friction brakes 3A, 3B are actuated.

[0199] Figure 2a The eddy current stators 21A, 21B of the braking device 1 are connected to the actuating arms 74A, 74B in an articulated manner via a drive flange 213 and coupling bolts 214. The actuating arms 74A, 74B are connected to the coupling arms 73A, 73B held by a drive ring 84 in an articulated manner. The drive ring 84 is axially slidable along a guide piston or an actuating element 83 (optionally a drive spindle) and is connected to the drive device 8. Therefore, when the drive ring 84 is displaced, the eddy current stators 21A, 21B and the friction stators 31A, 31B are displaced.

[0200] The drive device 8 preferably driven electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically includes a drive element 81, such as an extendable piston or an extendable and rotatable drive shaft or drive spindle. By the drive element 81, the actuating device 7 is actuated or the drive ring 84 is displaced, which can be achieved in different ways.

[0201] The drive ring 84 can be moved along the guide piston 83 by the extendable piston 81 of the drive device 8. If the guide piston 83 is designed as a drive spindle, the drive ring 84 can be moved by rotating the drive spindle 83. Therefore, the drive shaft 81 of the drive device 8 is connected to the drive shaft 83. After that, the drive ring 84 can be moved back and forth by operating the drive device 8.

[0202] In combination with the drive device 80, the braking device 1 of the present invention can also include a return element 77 in all its various embodiments. Through the return element 77, the friction stator and the eddy current stator can return to the reset position from the braking position, for example.

[0203] Figure 2b Two return springs 77 are shown. When the drive ring 84 is pushed against the stop A, the two return springs 77 are compressed and loaded so that they can reset the drive ring 84 once the drive means 8 is no longer operative.

[0204] Figure 2b An isolating element 20 is also schematically shown, which shields and / or protects the eddy current stators 21A, 21B in the reset position. The isolating element 20 can be made of plastic, metal or a combination thereof.

[0205] Figure 3a - 3c , 4a - 4c and 5a - 5f show the braking device 1 in an embodiment having a friction brake 3, in which the friction stator 31 of the friction brake 3 is displaceable against the front face 921 of the rim 92 or of the wheels 9, 9', 9'', for example according to Figure 2a the running wheel 9, for example according to Figure 9 the brake wheel 9', or for example according to Figure 11a the brake wheel 9'. Actuating means 7 and drive means 8 are shown by way of example and are used to displace at least one of the eddy current stators 21A, 21B and the friction stator 31 radially with respect to the wheel axis x or to displace it obliquely with respect to the wheel axis x such that the friction stator 31 and the friction rotor 92, 32 can engage correctly (preferably evenly) over the entire surface. On the other hand, as with Figure 2a the braking device 1, any drive means 8 and any actuating means 7 can be provided. Since in the case of Figure 6a the braking device 1 at least one of the eddy current stators 21A, 21B and the friction stator 31 is displaced linearly, it is advantageous to provide a drive means 8 including a displaceable piston 81.

[0206] In Figure 3a the eddy current stators 21A, 21B are still held in a parking space protected by isolating elements 20A, 20B preferably provided.

[0207] The isolating elements 20A, 20B magnetically shield the eddy current stator 21A of the eddy current brake 2A in the reset position and protect it from damaging influences. The eddy current brake 2A and the friction brake 3 are not operative. The eddy current stator 21A is in the reset position and is preferably tightly fitted to a plate-shaped isolator 20A which covers the side of the eddy current stator 21A facing the eddy current rotor 22A and preferably magnetically isolates and protects it from solid particles and liquids. The isolating elements 20A, 20B are preferably made of a copper diamagnetic material such as.

[0208] Figure 3b shows Figure 3aThe situation of the braking device 1 during the displacement of the friction stator 31 and at least one eddy current stator 21A. It can be seen that the eddy current stator 21A is first coupled to the associated eddy current rotor 22A in order to achieve a braking effect without mechanical friction losses.

[0209] Figure 3c shows Figure 3a the braking device 1, having an eddy current stator 21A and a friction stator 31, the eddy current stator 21A being coupled to an eddy current rotor 22A, and the friction stator 31 being in frictional engagement with the friction rotor 32 or the front face 921 of the rim 92.

[0210] Also shown is a bearing element 90 of a rail vehicle, and a drive unit 80 (which can be an electric motor or a hydraulic or pneumatic drive device) and a transmission rod 88 are held by the bearing element 90.

[0211] Furthermore, two parallel drive shafts a1, a2 that are spaced apart are shown. The force applied along the first drive shaft a1 by the drive sleeve 84 is transmitted to the second drive shaft a2 through the transmission rod 88.

[0212] In the braking device 1, preferably an elastic element, such as a spring, is provided within the force transmission path along which the force is transmitted from the drive device 8 to the friction stator 31, and the force is transmitted through this elastic element. In this way, the pressure of the friction stators 31, 31A, 31B against the friction rotors 32, 32A, 32B can be increased as required. By compressing the elastic element, the pressure can be controlled and increased in a simple manner to achieve the desired braking effect.

[0213] Figure 4a shows Figure 3a a top view of the braking device 1.

[0214] Figure 4b shows Figure 3b a top view of the braking device 1.

[0215] Figure 4c shows Figure 3c a top view of the braking device 1.

[0216] Figure 3a 、 3b and 3c show the linear displacement of the eddy current stators 21A, 21B and the friction stator 31. The control curve can be advantageously omitted.

[0217] Figure 5a - 5fA drive unit 80 having a drive shaft 81 is shown. The drive shaft 81 drives a drive main shaft 83 through a gear 82. A drive sleeve 84 having an internal thread is held by the drive main shaft 83 and is axially guided forward or backward when the drive main shaft 83 rotates. The drive sleeve 84 engages with a coupling bolt 85 disposed in a longitudinal groove in a first rod end member 881 of a transmission rod 88. The transmission rod 88 rotatably held by a bearing shaft 86 includes a second rod end member 882 having a longitudinal groove in which a coupling member 73 is held. The coupling member 73 connects the actuating arms 74A, 74B of the eddy current stators 21A, 21B and the actuating rod 74C of the friction stator 31 to each other such that when the transmission rod 88 rotates, the actuating arms 74C and 74A, 78B can be radially displaced together toward the wheels 9, 9', 9". The actuating arms 74C and 74A, 74B are preferably forcedly guided by a guiding device.

[0218] Figure 5a is shown Figure 3a The braking device 1, a view of the inner side of the wheels 9, 9', 9", in which the actuating arms 74C and 74A, 74B are in a retracted state.

[0219] Figure 5b is shown Figure 5a The braking device 1, a view of the outer side of the wheels 9, 9', 9".

[0220] Figure 5c is shown Figure 5a The braking device 1, a view of the inner side of the wheels 9, 9', 9", in which the partially extended actuating arms 74C and 74A, 74B and the partially activated eddy current brakes 2a, 2b.

[0221] Figure 5d is shown as viewed from the outer side of the wheels 9, 9', 9" Figure 5c of the braking device 1.

[0222] Figure 5e is shown Figure 5a The braking device 1, a view of the inner side of the wheels 9, 9', 9", in which the actuating arms 74C and 74A, 74B are fully extended and the eddy current brakes 2a, 2b and the friction brake 3 are activated.

[0223] Figure 5f is shown as viewed from the outer side of the wheels 9, 9', 9" Figure 5e of the braking device 1.

[0224] Figure 6a and Figure 7aAll show another braking device 1 of the present invention, having a friction brake 3 and eddy current brakes 2, 2B, and the friction brake 3 has a friction stator 31. The friction stator 31 is displaceable against the rim 92 of wheels 9, 9', 9" serving as friction rotors 32. The eddy current brakes 2, 2B include a stator holder 71 having stator holder members 71A, 71B, wherein a plurality of eddy current stator segments 21B1, …, 21Bn are rotatably or pivotally held, preferably on each side of the wheels 9, 9', 9". The eddy current stator segments 21B1, …, 21Bn are tiltable between a braking position and a reset position by an actuating device 7.

[0225] The actuating device 7 is driven by a drive device 8 including a drive unit 80 having an extendable piston or spindle 81. This type of drive is known as a threaded satellite drive, a roller screw mechanism, a planetary roller screw mechanism or a linear actuator. The transmission rod 88 is displaced by the drive unit 80 or the extendable spindle 81.

[0226] For the braking device 1 of the present invention, any electric, hydraulic or pneumatic drive device 80 can be used, which preferably includes a linearly extendable spindle or a linearly extendable piston. Preferably, the type of the drive device 80 is selected in consideration of the drive system or drive medium already implemented on the rail vehicle.

[0227] The transmission rod 88 is used to actuate the actuating device 7 through actuating rods 74C, 74A and 74B. The actuating rod 74C is used to actuate the friction stator 31 of the friction brake 3, optionally through a lever mechanism. The actuating rods 74A and 74B are used to actuate the eddy current brakes 2 or eddy current brakes 2A, 2B on both sides of the wheels 9, 9', 9", optionally through a lever mechanism and a rotating device 75.

[0228] The drive device 8 and the actuating device 7 can be used for all the braking devices 1 described above. Through the lever mechanism, the transmission rod 88 and the actuating rods 74C, 74A and 74B, and an adapted lever mechanism or lever gearbox, linear and / or rotational movements can be initiated.

[0229] The rotational movement can be achieved by a lever gear or a lever mechanism or a gear train. In Figure 6a the eddy current brakes 2, 2B, the rotating device 75 includes a gear mechanism. In Figure 7a the eddy current brakes 2, 2B, the rotating device 75 includes a lever mechanism. The gear mechanism and the lever mechanism will be described below by way of example with reference to Figure 8a and Figure 8b The gear mechanism and the lever mechanism will be described below by way of example with reference to

[0230] Through the actuating device 7 and the rotating device 75, the eddy current stator segments 21B1, …, 21Bn can rotate back and forth between a braking position and a reset position.

[0231] In Figure 6a and 7a , the eddy current stator segments 21B1, …, 21Bn are shown in the reset position, in which they have pivoted away from the associated eddy current rotor 22B and are separated at right angles from the eddy current rotor 22B. Thus, in the braking position, no eddy currents are generated in the elements of the eddy current brakes 2, 2B.

[0232] To optimize the isolation between the eddy current stator segments 21B1, …, 21Bn and the eddy current rotor 22B in the braking position, a diamagnetic isolation layer is rotated between the eddy current stator segments 21B1, …, 21Bn and the eddy current rotor 22B. Preferably, the eddy current stator segments 21A1, … 21An, 21B1, … 21Bn are provided on the sides facing the associated eddy current rotors 22A, 22B in the reset position with plates made of a diamagnetic material (such as copper), which repel the magnetic lines of force and isolate the eddy current stator segments 21A1, …, 21An, 21B1, …, 21Bn from the eddy current rotors 22A, 22B.

[0233] Figure 6a It is shown that the eddy current stator segments 21B1, …, 21Bn are tiltably held in the stator holder parts 71A, 71B of the stator holder 71 by the connecting shaft 72. The stator holder part 71B is held fixed on a part of the eddy current rotor 22B and extends over an angular range of approximately 120°. This angular range can be increased to 360° to achieve the maximum braking effect.

[0234] By means of the actuating device 7 and the actuating element 74B, the drive member 751 of the rotating device 75 is guided in a circular path around the wheel axis x in order to actuate the rotating member 752 connected to the eddy current stator segments 21B1, …, 21Bn. For example, the drive member 751 is a rack or a toothed ring, the teeth of which face the rotating member 752 designed as a gear, as shown in the example. The drive member 751 is preferably guided in the guiding device 6.

[0235] Thus, in all embodiments of the braking device 1, guiding devices 6, 6A, 6B are preferably provided, by means of which one or more parts of the actuating device 7 for moving the eddy current stators 21A, 21B or the drive member 751 and / or the friction stator 31 are displaceably mounted along the required guiding path. On the other hand, the parts of the actuating device 7 can also have sufficient inherent stability or a stable mounting, so that in some cases the guiding device 6 can be dispensed with.

[0236] In all embodiments of the braking device 1, the elements of the actuating device 7 or the rotatably mounted eddy current stator segments 21A1, …, 21An, 21B1, …, 21Bn can optionally be provided with a reset element 77 in order to automatically return them to the initial position.

[0237] Figure 7a The lever drive includes an operating lever 74B which actuates a rotating device 75. The rotating device 75 includes a common driving member 751, namely an operating rod, and a rotating member 752 in the lever embodiment. Through the rotating member 752, the eddy current stator segments 21B1, …, 21Bn can be tilted via a connecting shaft 72.

[0238] Figure 6b Shown from the other side is Figure 6a the braking device 1, where the eddy current brakes 2, 2A are in the braking position. In this position, the eddy current stator segments 21A1, …, 21An are tilted against the associated eddy current rotors 22A and arranged in a plane parallel thereto with the smallest possible distance. The drive main shaft 81 has extended from the drive unit 80 and the transmission rod 88 is rotated counterclockwise, causing the actuating rod 74C of the friction brake 3 to rise and the actuating rods 74A and 74B to lower. During this process, the friction stator 31 is guided against the friction rotor 32, and the eddy current stator segments 21A1, …, 21An rotate with their front sides against the eddy current rotors 22A in a plane separated from the eddy current rotors 22A by the smallest possible air gap.

[0239] Figure 6c Shown is Figure 6b the braking device 1 in which the eddy current brakes 2, 2A are in the reset position. In this position, the eddy current stator segments 21A1, …, 21An have rotated away from the associated eddy current rotors 22A and are arranged perpendicular to it with the largest possible spacing. For this purpose, the drive main shaft 81 is retracted into the drive unit 80 and the transmission rod 88 is rotated clockwise, causing the operating rod 74C of the friction brake 3 to lower again and the operating rods 74A and 74B to rise. During this process, the friction stator 31 moves away from the friction rotor 32, and the eddy current stator segments 21A1, …, 21An rotate away from the eddy current rotors 22A.

[0240] Figure 6d Shown is Figure 6a the braking device 1 where the eddy current brakes 2, 2A are in the braking position, without a stator retainer 71, and the friction stator 31 of the friction brake 3 is against the friction rotor 32.

[0241] Figure 6e Shown is Figure 6b the braking device 1 where the eddy current brakes 2, 2A are in the reset position, without a stator retainer 71, and the friction stator 31 of the friction brake 3 is lifted off the friction rotor 32.

[0242] Figure 7b Shown is Figure 7aFor the braking device 1, the eddy current brakes 2, 2B are in the braking position, where the eddy current stator segments 21B1, …, 21Bn are in contact with the associated eddy current rotors 22B and are pivoted and arranged in a plane parallel thereto at the smallest possible distance.

[0243] Figure 7c shows Figure 7b the braking device 1 in [reference], where the eddy current brakes 2, 2B are in the reset position, where the eddy current stator segments 21B1, …, 21Bn have rotated away from the associated eddy current rotors 22A and are arranged perpendicular thereto at the largest possible spacing.

[0244] Figure 8a shows one of the eddy current stator segments 21A2, 21B2, which is held by a magnet holder 753 and can rotate about a connecting shaft 72, and the connecting shaft 72 can be driven by a rotating device 75 designed as a lever joint or a gear drive mechanism.

[0245] The rotating device 75 includes a drive member 751 in embodiments of a lever, a rack or a rod with a worm thread. The drive member 751 acts on a corresponding rotating member 752, and the rotating member 752 is implemented as a lever rod, a gear or a worm gear. If the drive member 751 is a lever or a rack, the drive member 751 can be axially moved to rotate the rotating member 752 and the associated eddy current stator segments 21A2, 21B2. As shown, since the drive member 751 and the rotating member 752 form a worm gear, the eddy current stator segments 21A2, 21B2 can be rotated by rotating the drive member 751.

[0246] Figure 8b shows one of the eddy current stator segments 21A2, 21B2, which is rotatably held by a connecting shaft 72, and the connecting shaft 72 can be driven by a rotating device 75 designed as a lever joint or a gear drive mechanism. The connecting shaft 72 is guided coaxially or axially parallel to the main axis k of the eddy current stator segments 21A2, 21B2 through the eddy current stator segments 21A2, 21B2 and is rigidly connected to the eddy current stator segments 21A2, 21B2. In this embodiment, the eddy current stator segments 21A2, 21B2 can be arranged close to each other in a plane.

[0247] In addition, it shows that a plurality of rotating devices 75 preferably designed as worm gears can be driven by a common drive member 751.

[0248] In Figure 8a and Figure 8bAlso shown is a reset element 77 by which the eddy current stator segments 21A2, 21B2 can automatically return to the end position or the central position. This results in a significant simplification of the actuating device, which therefore only needs to apply force in one direction. For example, only tension needs to be transmitted, which is why the drive element 751 can also be used in embodiments with ropes, in particular wire ropes, which can be deflected via deflection rollers. Once the tension is removed, the eddy current stator segments 21A2, 21B2 automatically reset. The reset element 77 is, for example, a spring element such as a tension spring or a torsion spring.

[0249] Figure 9 is shown Figure 1b The wheel set 99 of the bogie 100 shown has four braking devices 1 according to the invention, which are assigned to two running wheels 9 and two braking wheels 9'. Instead of the braking devices shown, all other braking devices 1 described can be used.

[0250] The braking wheel 9' in this preferred embodiment differs from the running wheel 9 only in that the flange 922 has been cut off. Otherwise, the braking wheel 9' is provided with eddy current rotors 22A and / or 22B in the same way as described with reference to the embodiments of the invention already discussed. Thus, the diameters of the running wheel 9 and the braking wheel 9' are the same, so that the braking device 1 can be mounted at the same height. This allows for easier assembly of the actuating device 7 and the drive device 8, which can be operated or controlled individually or synchronously. This can actuate all actuating devices 7 with a reduced number of drive devices 8 (for example, with only one drive unit 80).

[0251] Figure 10 is shown Figure 1b The wheel set 99 of the bogie 100 shown has two braking devices 1 according to the invention, which are assigned to two braking wheels 9'. Symbolically shown is that a conventional braking device 1k acts on the running wheel 9, for example, each running wheel includes only one friction brake 3. In addition, shown is a control unit 10 by which, in normal operating conditions, the braking device 1 according to the invention can also be activated in addition to the conventional braking device 1k, for example, for emergency braking or rapid braking. Also symbolically shown is that the braking device 1 according to the invention is operated by only one drive device 8.

[0252] Figure 11a is shown a wheel set 99, for example Figure 1a designed for the bogie 100 shown. Having a braking device 1 according to the invention, which has a braking wheel 9", which is separated from the wheel set shaft 98 and is coupled to the wheel shaft 98 of the wheel set 99 via a gear 94.

[0253] Figure 11b is shown Figure 11a the front view of the device in

[0254] Figure 11c shows the Figure 11a rear view of the device in

[0255] The brake wheel 9' is not fixed to the axle 98 but is spaced apart from the axle 98. The distance between the axle axis y and the wheel axis x is greater than the radius of the brake wheel 9' such that the brake wheel 9' does not contact the axle 98.

[0256] The braking device 1 is preferably designed identically to the braking device 1 described above. Generally, the dimensions of the device components of the braking device 1 are adapted to the dimensions of the brake wheel 9".

[0257] The gear 94 is placed on the axle 98 and includes gear elements 942, preferably a gear placed on the axle 98 and a gear placed on the gear shaft or drive shaft 961, which are interconnected by at least one additional gear and / or by a rope (such as a chain or belt).

[0258] The interconnected or connectable gear shafts and drive shaft 961 are preferably held by a holding device or bearing device 101 (such as the bearing device 101 of the bogie 100). Similarly, the braking device 1 is preferably held by the holding device 101.

[0259] The brake wheel 9' is held by the drive shaft 961, which is coaxially aligned with the wheel axis x, and as shown in this preferred embodiment, the drive shaft is preferably connected to the drive motor 96, and the connection line or power supply line 965 of the drive motor 96 is connected to the controllable power supply device 13. For example, the controllable power supply device 13 can be controlled by Figure 2a the control unit 10 of

[0260] Preferably, at least one coupling device 95 is provided through which the brake wheel 9" can be coupled to the gear 94 and / or the motor shaft of the drive motor 96 can be coupled to the gear shaft or drive shaft 961. Alternatively, the motor shaft can also form the drive shaft 961.

[0261] In the illustrated embodiment, the drive shaft 961 can be coupled to the gear shaft 941 of the gearbox 94 through the coupling device 95. The gear shaft 941 is mechanically coupled to the axle 98 by a gear, a chain or a belt. Any other described braking device 1 can be used instead of the illustrated braking device.

Claims

1. A braking device (1) for a rail vehicle, comprising at least one wheel set (99) having a wheel set axle (98), a wheel set axis (y) extending coaxially along the wheel set axle (98), having wheels (9, 9', 9") directly or indirectly coupled to the wheel set axle (98) and rotatable about a wheel axis (x), having at least one eddy current brake (2A, 2B) comprising an eddy current rotor (22A; 22B) and an eddy current stator (21A; 21B), the eddy current rotor (22A; 22B) being connected to the wheels (9, 9', 9"), the eddy current stator (21A, 21B) being movable relative to the eddy current rotor (22A; 22B), and having at least one friction brake (3; 3A, 3B) comprising a friction rotor (32; 32A, 32B; 92) and a friction stator (31; 31A, 31B), the friction rotor (32; 32A, 32B; 92) being connected to the wheels (9, 9', 9") or integrated in the wheels (9, 9', 9"), the friction stator (31; 31A, 31B) being displaceable against the friction rotor (32; 32A, 32B; 92), characterized in that the eddy current brake (2A; 2B) and the friction brake (3; 3A, 3B) can be actuated sequentially by a single actuating device (7) and a drive device (8), the drive device (8) being coupled to the actuating device (7) and controllable by a control unit (10), the eddy current rotor (22A; 22B) is designed as a one-piece or segmented disk-shaped or annular body, coaxially aligned with the wheel axis (x), and connected to or integrated into one side of the wheels (9, 9', 9"), at least one eddy current stator (21A; 21B) is designed as a one-piece or segmented body and is displaceable in the direction of the wheel axis (x) in front of the eddy current rotor (22A; 22B) or is tiltable segment by segment against the eddy current rotor (22A; 22B), and the wheels (9, 9', 9") are provided with a wheel rim (92), the wheel rim (92) serving as a friction rotor (32) and, relative to the wheel axis (x), including a radially outwardly facing front surface (921), the front surface (921) serving as a braking surface against which the friction stator (31) is displaceable.

2. The braking device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a) the wheel (9) is designed as a running wheel for rolling on a track, and the front surface (921) is designed as a braking surface and a running surface, or b) the wheels (9', 9") are designed as brake wheels, and the front surface (921) is designed as a braking surface but not a running surface, or c) The wheel (9) is designed as a running wheel and is provided with a hub (91), the hub (91) forming at least one friction rotor (32A, 32B), or the hub (91) being provided with at least one friction rotor (32A, 32B), and relative to the wheel axis (x), the friction rotors (32A, 32B) include a radially outwardly facing front surface (921), the front surface (921) serving as a braking surface, and the associated friction stators (31A, 31B) are displaceable against the front surface (921).

3. The braking device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that a) the wheel (9’) is designed as a braking wheel and is directly connected to the axle (98) of the wheel set, such that the wheel axis (x) is coaxial with the wheel set axis (y) of the axle (98), or b) the wheel (9”) is designed as a braking wheel and is connected to the axle (98) of the wheel set via a gear (94) or via a coupling device (95) and a gear (94), the wheel axis (x) being parallel to the wheel set axis (y) of the axle (98), and wherein the distance between the wheel axis (x) and the wheel set axis (y) is greater than the radius of the wheel (9”); or c) the wheel (9”) is designed as a braking wheel and is connected to the axle (98) of the wheel set via a gear (94) or via a coupling device (95) and a gear (94) and is coupled to a drive motor (96) via a drive shaft, and wherein the wheel axis (x) is parallel to the wheel set axis (y) of the axle (98), and the distance between the wheel axis (x) and the wheel set axis (y) is greater than the radius of the wheel (9”).

4. The braking device (1) according to one of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that at least one eddy current stator (21A; 21B) and at least one friction stator (31; 31A, 31B) are coupled by the actuating arms (73, 74A, 74B, 74C) of the actuating device (7), and on the one hand, are directly or indirectly connected to each other and to the drive device (8), and on the other hand, at least one eddy current stator (21A; 21B) is directly or indirectly held by the associated actuating arm (74A; 74B), and / or is guidable, guided, relative to the wheel axis (x) linearly or along a curve and in front of the associated eddy current rotor (22A; 22B), by the guiding means (6, 6A; 6B), and on the other hand, the friction stator (31) is directly or indirectly held by the associated actuating arm (74C) and / or is guidable, guided, relative to the wheel axis (x) and the friction rotor (32) linearly or along a curve.

5. The braking device (1) according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The eddy current stator (21A; 21B) includes a plurality of eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2,..., 21An; 21B1, 21B2,..., 21Bn), each eddy current stator segment being held tiltable by a stator holder (71, 71A; 71B) and being tiltable between a rest position and a braking position by the actuating device (7), in the rest position, the eddy current stator segment being disengaged from the associated eddy current rotor (22A; 22B), and in the braking position, the eddy current stator segment being engaged with the associated eddy current rotor (22A; 22B).

6. The braking device (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that, The eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, …, 21An; 21B1, 21B2, …, 21Bn) are each held by a stator holder (71, 71A; 71B) via a connecting shaft (72), and are each tiltable about an associated connecting shaft (71) by a rotating device (75), and the rotating device (75) is preferably synchronously actuatable by an actuating device (7).

7. The braking device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The rotating device (75) individually or jointly includes a driving member (751), such as a driving rod or a rack, and a rotating member (752), such as a rotating rod or a gear, wherein the rotating member (752) is connected to an associated eddy current stator segment (21A1, 21A2, …, 21An; 21B1, 21B2, …, 21Bn) and is pivotable about an associated connecting shaft (72) and drivable by an associated driving member (751), and the driving member (751) is coupled to one or more rotating members (752).

8. The braking device (1) according to one of claims 5 - 7, characterized in that a) the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, …, 21An; 21B1, 21B2, …, 21Bn) include a body axis (k), and the connecting shaft (72) is guided concentrically or eccentrically to the body axis (k) through an associated eddy current stator segment (21A1, 21A2, …, 21An; 21B1, 21B2, …, 21Bn), or b) the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, …, 21An; 21B1, 21B2, …, 21Bn) are each held by a magnet holder (753), and the magnet holders (753) are each connected to the connecting shaft (72), and the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, …, 21An; 21B1, 21B2, …, 21Bn) are tiltable by the action of the driving member (751) on the connecting shaft (72), on the magnet holder (753), or directly on the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, …, 21An; 21B1, 21B2, …, 21Bn).

9. The braking device (1) according to one of claims 4 - 7, characterized in that the driving member (751) or the plurality of driving members (751) of the rotating device (75) of at least one eddy current stator (21A; 21B) and at least one friction stator (31; 31A, 31B) are coupled by the actuating arms (73, 74A, 74B, 74C) of the actuating device (7), and are directly or indirectly connected to each other and to a driving device (8) on the one hand, and on the other hand, the driving member (751) or the plurality of driving members (751) of the rotating device (75) of at least one eddy current stator (21A; 21B) are directly or indirectly held by an associated actuating arm (74A; 74B), and / or guided by a guiding device (6, 6A; 6B) and displaceable linearly or along a curve, and On the other hand, the friction stator (31) is held directly or indirectly by the associated actuating arm (74C) and / or guided by the guiding means (6, 6A; 6B) and is linearly or curvilinearly guidable relative to the wheel axis (x) and the friction rotor (32).

10. The braking device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a) the eddy current stator (21A; 21B) or the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, …, 21An; 21B1, 21B2, …, 21Bn) consist of permanent magnets or preferably comprise cylindrical or cuboid permanent magnets (219) arranged in recesses, openings or holes (210) of a carrier, and / or b) the eddy current rotor (22A; 22B) or the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, …, 21An; 21B1, 21B2, …, 21Bn) are made of aluminum, stainless steel, nickel silver or an alloy containing copper, nickel and / or zinc and are preferably provided with a protective coating; and c) the segmented eddy current rotor (22A; 22B) comprises a first rotor part (221) and an outer second rotor part (222), the first rotor part (221) facing the associated wheel (9', 9”) and being made of a ferromagnetic metal, preferably steel, and the outer second rotor part (222) being made of aluminum, stainless steel, nickel silver or an alloy containing copper, nickel and / or zinc.

11. The braking device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The drive device (8) comprises an electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated drive unit (80), and the drive unit (80) comprises a drive element (81) embodied as a motor shaft, an extendable piston or an extendable spindle (81), by means of which the actuating device (7) or an actuating element (83) connected thereto is drivable.

12. The braking device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a) the eddy current stator (21A; 21B) or the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, …, 21An; 21B1, 21B2, …, 21Bn) and / or the friction stator (31; 31A, 31B) are designed as circular arc segments or annular segments; or b) the eddy current stator (21A; 21B) or the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, …, 21An; 21B1, 21B2, …, 21Bn) and / or the friction stator (31; 31A, 31B) are designed as circular segments or annular segments, the circular segments or annular segments being connected to one another laterally adjacent or laterally spaced apart from one another.

13. The braking device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The eddy current rotor (22A; 22B) is formed by a wheel disc (93) located between the hub (91) and the rim (92) of the wheel (9', 9”) or is an annular disc abutting against the wheel disc (93), and the friction stator (31A, 31B) surrounds the hub (91) in the form of a ring.

14. The braking device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, An isolating disc (20A; 20B) is provided, which at least partially shields and isolates the eddy current stator (21A; 21B) in the rest position from the eddy current rotor (22A; 22B) and is preferably shielded from external influences.

15. A rail vehicle, in particular a bogie (100), having running wheels (9) or running wheels (9) and at least one braking wheel (9', 9''), the wheel axes (x) of which extend coaxially or at a distance from the axle set axis (y), wherein, At least one of the running wheels (9) or the running wheels (9) and at least one braking wheel (9', 9") is equipped with a braking device (1) according to one of claims 1 - 14.

16. The rail vehicle according to claim 14, characterized in that a) at least one wheel set (99) is provided, which includes two wheels (9) and at least one braking wheel (9'), wherein at least one conventional braking device (1k) or at least one braking device according to one of claims 1 - 14 is assigned to the two wheels (9), and a braking device according to one of claims 1 - 14 is assigned to at least one braking wheel (9'), or b) at least one wheel set (99) is provided, which includes two wheels (9) and at least one braking wheel (9'), wherein at least one conventional braking device (1k) or at least one braking device according to one of claims 1 - 14 is assigned to the two wheels (9), and a braking device according to one of claims 1 - 14 is assigned to at least one braking wheel (9').

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