Vegetation planting technology for alpine grassland grazing-light complementary power station

Abstract

The invention discloses a vegetation planting technology for an alpine grassland grazing-light complementary power station, relates to the technical field of new energy and ecological restoration crossing, and aims at solving the problems that a traditional vegetation planting mode is difficult to adapt to the special environment of the alpine grassland, the vegetation survival rate is low, and the ecological restoration effect is poor. Comprising the following steps: S1, photovoltaic power station site selection and construction: preferentially selecting desertification, degeneration and salinization grassland ecologically fragile areas to construct a grassland-light complementary power station, ensuring that a photovoltaic panel matrix does not change grassland purposes and surface forms and does not damage native vegetation during construction, and recovering the vegetation after construction is finished; s2, arranging a photovoltaic array, setting the height of the lower edge of a photovoltaic panel to be 1.5-2m, and setting the distance between the panels to be 6-16m so as to meet the photovoltaic power generation and lighting requirements and provide suitable photo-thermal conditions for vegetation growth. The method has the advantages that the vegetation survival rate is remarkably increased, and the ecological restoration effect is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the cross - technical field of new energy and ecological restoration, and more specifically, to a vegetation establishment technology for a complementary solar - grazing power station in alpine grasslands. Background Art

[0002] Under the dual background of growing energy demand and enhanced ecological protection awareness, the construction of complementary solar - grazing power stations in alpine grasslands has gradually emerged.

[0003] However, the alpine grassland ecosystem is fragile, and the construction of photovoltaic power stations faces many challenges. On the one hand, the laying of photovoltaic panels changes the micro - environment such as light and moisture in the grassland. The light under the panels weakens, and the rainfall interception causes changes in the soil moisture distribution, which is not conducive to the growth of the original vegetation. On the other hand, the construction process is prone to cause vegetation damage and land disturbance, exacerbating the risk of grassland degradation.

[0004] Therefore, when constructing a complementary solar - grazing power station in alpine grasslands, the traditional vegetation establishment methods are difficult to adapt to the special environment of alpine grasslands, resulting in low vegetation survival rate and poor ecological restoration effect. In view of this, we propose a vegetation establishment technology for a complementary solar - grazing power station in alpine grasslands. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vegetation establishment technology for a complementary solar - grazing power station in alpine grasslands, aiming to solve the problems that the traditional vegetation establishment methods of complementary solar - grazing power stations are difficult to adapt to the special environment of alpine grasslands, resulting in low vegetation survival rate and poor ecological restoration effect.

[0006] To solve the above - mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A vegetation establishment technology for a complementary solar - grazing power station in alpine grasslands, including the following steps:

[0007] S1. Site selection and construction of the photovoltaic power station. Priority is given to constructing a complementary solar - grazing power station in the ecologically fragile areas of desertified, degraded, and salinized grasslands. During construction, ensure that the photovoltaic panel array does not change the grassland use, surface form, and does not damage the original vegetation. After construction, restore the vegetation according to the plan.

[0008] S2. Photovoltaic array setting. Set the height of the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel to 1.5 - 2m, and the panel spacing to 6 - 16m to meet the lighting requirements for photovoltaic power generation and provide suitable light and heat conditions for vegetation growth.

[0009] S3. Zoned vegetation construction. Conduct zoned vegetation construction on the periphery of the photovoltaic field area, photovoltaic array area, both sides of the roads in the photovoltaic field area, and around the electricity storage and transformation auxiliary facilities in the photovoltaic field area of the complementary solar - grazing power station.

[0010] S4. Vegetation maintenance, with a maintenance period of 1 - 2 years, including replanting and reseeding, vegetation rejuvenation, loosening soil and weeding, irrigation for soil moisture conservation, fertilization, pest control, prevention and control of damage caused by livestock, rodents and pikas, prevention and control of natural disasters, and enclosure management and protection.

[0011] Preferably, in the above step S3, when constructing the peripheral vegetation belt of the photovoltaic power generation area, in areas with severe desertification, an engineering sand fixation sand barrier belt with a width of not less than 30 m is set on the periphery, and a shrub - grass mixed shelter forest belt with not less than 10 rows and a width of not less than 30 m is constructed in the inner circle. At the same time, according to the sand type and rainfall, grid - shaped or strip - shaped sand barriers with different proportions are laid using straw and wheat straw materials, and native tree and grass species with perennial growth, developed root systems, and strong stress resistance are selected, adopting a mixed planting mode of shrub belts and herbaceous plants.

[0012] When constructing the vegetation belt in the photovoltaic array area, perennial forage grasses and native shrubs adapted to the site conditions are selected. In the small - spacing photovoltaic panel array area, mainly native herbaceous plants are used, and in the large - spacing photovoltaic panel array area, a mixed planting mode of native shrub belts and native herbaceous plants is adopted.

[0013] When constructing the vegetation belt on both sides of the roads in the photovoltaic power generation area, a grid - shaped plant sand barrier with a size of 1 m × 1 m is configured, and a shelter forest and grass belt with a width of 2 - 3 m is planted.

[0014] When constructing the vegetation belt around the electricity storage and transformation auxiliary facilities in the photovoltaic power generation area, a shrub - grass composite vegetation system in the mode of engineering sand fixation and artificial afforestation is constructed within a range of 15 - 20 m around, and a vertical sand willow grid sand barrier is laid.

[0015] Preferably, the materials of the engineering sand fixation sand barrier belt include sand willow, straw, and wheat straw. In the shrub - grass mixed shelter forest belt, the shrubs are in bands of 3 - 5 rows, with a row spacing of 2 - 3 m and a band spacing of 4 - 8 m.

[0016] Preferably, when setting the engineering sand fixation sand barrier belt, the setting ratio is 100% in mobile sand dunes, 50% in semi - fixed sand dunes, the setting ratio of the grid - shaped sand barrier is not less than 40% in areas with a rainfall of less than 150 mm and in the main wind - affected areas, not less than 30% in areas with a rainfall of 150 - 250 mm, and not less than 20% in areas with a rainfall of more than 250 mm.

[0017] Preferably, the native tree and grass species are selected by mixed sowing of gramineous and leguminous forage grasses, and the shrubs are selected from grade - I and grade - II seedlings. If they cannot be planted immediately after arriving at the planting site, they need to be temporarily planted.

[0018] Preferably, in the above step S4, the vegetation renewal and rejuvenation include shrub stubble shaving rejuvenation and grass mowing rejuvenation. Among them, shrub stubble shaving is carried out in the plant dormancy season, with the stubble height remaining below 10 cm and the stubble shaving intensity controlled within 50%. Grass mowing is carried out in the middle or end of the plant growth season, and the mowing intensity is controlled within 50%. Both adopt strip operation methods.

[0019] Preferably, in the above step S4, water-saving irrigation measures are adopted for irrigation and moisture conservation. Drip irrigation tapes are laid for subsurface irrigation, and irrigation is carried out by building flexible water cellars, reservoirs or by equipping watering trucks and mobile sprinkler irrigation equipment.

[0020] Preferably, in the above step S4, fertilization is carried out for lightly and moderately degraded grasslands with poor soil. Farmyard manure and granular organic fertilizers are used as basal fertilizers, and diammonium phosphate and urea are used as topdressing fertilizers. The fertilization amount is calculated according to the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. The present invention preferentially selects ecological fragile areas such as desertified, degraded, and salinized grasslands to build power stations, and ensures that the original vegetation is not damaged during construction and is restored after construction, reducing the negative impact on the ecology from the source. At the same time, vegetation construction is carried out in different regions according to different regional characteristics. For example, a sand fixation sand barrier belt and a shrub-grass mixed protection forest and grass belt are set up for severely desertified areas outside the photovoltaic power generation area, and suitable vegetation combinations are selected according to the plate spacing in the photovoltaic array area, effectively improving the vegetation growth environment, enhancing the adaptability of vegetation to the special environment of alpine grasslands, thus significantly increasing the vegetation survival rate and enhancing the ecological restoration effect.

[0024] 2. In the process of vegetation construction in the present invention, a variety of engineering sand fixation and vegetation protection measures are adopted. For example, engineering sand fixation sand barrier belts are reasonably set in different sand types and rainfall regions, and perennial, deep-rooted, and stress-resistant native tree and grass species are selected for mixed planting, effectively reducing wind and sand erosion, controlling land disturbance, and reducing the risk of grassland degradation. At the same time, through scientific vegetation maintenance, including measures such as replanting and reseeding, pest control, and prevention and control of livestock, rats and rabbits, the healthy growth of vegetation is further ensured, and the stability of the ecosystem is enhanced.

[0025] 3. In the present invention, the height of the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel is set to 1.5 - 2 m, and the plate spacing is set to 6 - 16 m. This setting not only meets the lighting requirements for photovoltaic power generation but also provides suitable light and heat conditions for vegetation growth as much as possible, alleviating the problems of too weak light under the photovoltaic panel caused by the laying of photovoltaic panels and the influence of rainfall interception on soil moisture distribution, optimizing the grassland microenvironment to a certain extent, enabling the original vegetation to grow under more favorable conditions, and reducing the damage to the grassland ecosystem caused by power station construction. Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the vegetation establishment technology in the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0027] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0028] Embodiment 1

[0029] Select a moderately desertified alpine grassland ecological fragile area as the construction site of the photovoltaic power station. During construction, ensure that the photovoltaic panel array does not change the grassland use and surface morphology, and does not damage the original vegetation. After construction, restore the vegetation in the damaged area. Set the height of the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel to 1.5 m and the panel spacing to 10 m. In the construction of zoned vegetation, set up a 30-m-wide engineering sand fixation sand barrier belt of Salix psammophila outside the photovoltaic field area, and build a 10-row and 30-m-wide shrub-grass mixed protection forest and grass belt in the inner circle. And 3 rows of shrubs are in one belt, with a row spacing of 2 m and a belt spacing of 6 m. Lay a grid-shaped sand barrier with rice straw, and mix-sow local gramineous and leguminous forages. Select grade-I shrub seedlings. Due to the moderate panel spacing in the photovoltaic array area, adopt a mixed planting mode of perennial forages and drought-tolerant and barren-tolerant native shrubs. Configure a 1 m × 1 m grid-shaped plant sand barrier on both sides of the roads in the photovoltaic field area, and plant a 2-m-wide protection forest and grass belt. Within a range of 15 m around the electricity storage and transformation auxiliary facilities in the photovoltaic field area, construct a shrub-grass composite vegetation system, lay a vertical sand barrier of Salix psammophila grid, and the maintenance period is 1 year. During this period, carry out replanting and reseeding, and carry out shrub stubble cropping and rejuvenation in the plant dormant season, with a stubble height < 10 cm and a stubble cropping intensity of 40%, and all are carried out in strip operations. At the end of the plant growing season, mow the grass for rejuvenation, with a mowing intensity of 40%. Lay drip irrigation belts for infiltration irrigation and irrigate through a flexible water cellar. For infertile soil, according to the formula:

[0030]

[0031] Apply farmyard manure and granular organic fertilizer as base fertilizers, and diammonium phosphate and urea as top fertilizers.

[0032] Embodiment 2

[0033] In this embodiment, a photovoltaic power station is constructed on the moderately desertified alpine grassland. During construction, it is ensured that the photovoltaic panel array does not change the grassland property, and the vegetation is restored after completion. The height of the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel is set at 1.8 m, and the panel spacing is 12 m. A 35-m-wide sand fixation belt of mixed straw and wheat straw engineering sand barriers is set around the photovoltaic field area. An inner circle is constructed with a 12-row and 35-m-wide shrub-grass mixed shelter forest and grass belt, with 4 rows of shrubs as a belt, row spacing of 2.5 m, and belt spacing of 7 m. A 40% grid-shaped sand barrier is set in the main wind area. Native tree and grass species with strong stress resistance are selected for mixed planting. In the small-spacing area of the photovoltaic array area, herbaceous plants are used, and in the large-spacing area, a mixture of shrub belts and herbaceous plants is used. Grid-shaped plant sand barriers of 1 m × 1 m are configured on both sides of the road, and a 2.5-m-wide shelter forest and grass belt is planted. A shrub-grass composite vegetation system is constructed within 18 m around the storage and transformation auxiliary facilities, and a vertical sand willow grid sand barrier is laid. The maintenance period is 1.5 years. Supplementary planting and sowing, and vegetation renewal and rejuvenation are carried out. During the dormant season of plants, shrub stumping is carried out for rejuvenation, with a stubble height of 8 cm and a stumping intensity of 45%, and all are carried out in strip operations. At the end of the plant growth season, grass mowing is carried out for rejuvenation, with a mowing intensity of 45%. Irrigation is carried out by combining watering trucks, mobile sprinkler irrigation equipment and drip irrigation tapes for infiltration irrigation. Farmyard manure, granular organic fertilizer, diammonium phosphate and urea are applied according to the soil conditions.

[0034] Embodiment 3

[0035] In this embodiment, the salinized alpine grassland is used as the construction site. During construction, the principle of not damaging the grassland and vegetation is followed, and the vegetation is restored after construction. The height of the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel is 2 m, and the panel spacing is 16 m. A wheat straw engineering sand fixation belt with a width of not less than 30 m is set around the photovoltaic field area. An inner circle is constructed with a shrub-grass mixed shelter forest and grass belt with not less than 10 rows and a width of 30 m, with 5 rows of shrubs as a belt, row spacing of 3 m, and belt spacing of 8 m. A 30% grid-shaped sand barrier is set in the area with a rainfall of 150 - 250 mm. Native tree and grass species resistant to salinity are selected for mixed planting. In the photovoltaic array area, perennial forage grasses and native shrubs are selected for mixed planting according to the site conditions. Grid-shaped plant sand barriers of 1 m × 1 m are configured on both sides of the road, and a 3-m-wide shelter forest and grass belt is planted. A shrub-grass composite vegetation system is constructed within 20 m around the storage and transformation auxiliary facilities, and a vertical sand willow grid sand barrier is laid. The maintenance period is 2 years. Continuous supplementary planting and sowing, and vegetation renewal and rejuvenation are carried out. Shrub stumping and grass mowing are carried out. Infiltration irrigation is carried out using a reservoir and drip irrigation tapes. Fertilization is carried out for saline-alkali and infertile soils, and prevention and control of pests, livestock, rats and rabbits, natural disasters and enclosure management are well done.

[0036] The embodiments disclosed in the present invention are preferred embodiments, but not limited thereto. Those of ordinary skill in the art can easily understand the spirit of the present invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and changes. However, as long as they do not depart from the spirit of the present invention, they are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vegetation establishment technology for a complementary power generation station of pasture and photovoltaic in alpine grasslands, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Site selection and construction of the photovoltaic power station. Priority is given to building a complementary photovoltaic and pasture power station in the fragile grassland ecological areas with desertification, degradation, and salinization. During construction, ensure that the photovoltaic panel array does not change the grassland use and surface form, and does not damage the original vegetation. After construction, restore the vegetation. S2. Photovoltaic array setting. Set the height of the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel to 1.5 - 2 m and the panel spacing to 6 - 16 m to meet the lighting requirements for photovoltaic power generation and provide suitable light and heat conditions for vegetation growth. S3. Zoned vegetation construction. Conduct zoned vegetation construction on the periphery of the photovoltaic field area, the photovoltaic array area, both sides of the roads in the photovoltaic field area, and around the electricity storage and substation auxiliary facilities in the photovoltaic field area. S4. Vegetation maintenance. The maintenance period is 1 - 2 years, including replanting and reseeding, vegetation rejuvenation, loosening soil and weeding, irrigation and moisture conservation, fertilization, pest control, prevention and control of livestock, rats, and rabbits damage, prevention and control of natural disasters, and enclosure management.

2. The vegetation establishment technology of a complementary solar and pasture power station in alpine grasslands according to claim 1, wherein In step S3 above, when constructing the vegetation belt on the periphery of the photovoltaic field area, in severely desertified areas, set an engineering sand fixation sand barrier belt with a width of not less than 30 m on the periphery, and build a shrub - grass mixed shelter forest belt with no less than 10 rows and a width of not less than 30 m in the inner circle. At the same time, according to the sand type and rainfall, lay grid - shaped or strip - shaped sand barriers with different proportions using straw and wheat straw materials, select perennial, deep - rooted, and stress - resistant native tree and grass species, and adopt the mixed planting mode of shrub belts and herbaceous plants. When constructing the vegetation belt in the photovoltaic array area, select perennial forage grasses and drought - and barren - resistant native shrubs suitable for the site conditions. In the small - spacing photovoltaic panel array area, mainly use herbaceous plants, and in the large - spacing photovoltaic panel array area, adopt the mixed planting mode of shrub belts and herbaceous plants. When constructing the vegetation belt on both sides of the roads in the photovoltaic field area, configure a grid - shaped plant sand barrier with a size of 1 m × 1 m and plant a shelter forest belt with a width of 2 - 3 m. When constructing the vegetation belt around the electricity storage and substation auxiliary facilities in the photovoltaic field area, build a vegetation system in the form of a shrub - grass composite mode with engineering sand fixation and artificial afforestation within a range of 15 - 20 m around, and lay a vertical sand barrier of Salix psammophila grid.

3. The vegetation establishment technology of a complementary solar and pasture power station on alpine grassland according to claim 2, characterized in that, The materials for the engineering sand fixation sand barrier belt include Salix psammophila, straw, and wheat straw. In the shrub - grass mixed shelter forest belt, the shrubs are arranged in 3 - 5 rows as a belt, with a row spacing of 2 - 3 m and a belt spacing of 4 - 8 m.

4. The vegetation establishment technology of a complementary solar and pasture power station in alpine grasslands according to claim 2, characterized in that, When setting the engineering sand fixation sand barrier belt, the setting ratio is 100% in mobile sand dunes, 50% in semi - fixed sand dunes, and the grid - shaped sand barrier has a setting ratio of not less than 40% in areas with a rainfall of less than 150 mm and in the main wind - mouth areas, not less than 30% in areas with a rainfall of 150 - 250 mm, and not less than 20% in areas with a rainfall of more than 250 mm.

5. A vegetation establishment technology for a complementary solar and pasture power station in alpine grasslands according to claim 2, characterized in that, The selected tree and grass species are a mixture of native gramineous and leguminous forage grasses, and the selected shrubs are grade - I and grade - II seedlings. If they cannot be planted immediately upon arrival at the planting site, they need to be temporarily planted.

6. The vegetation establishment technology of a complementary solar and pasture power station in alpine grasslands according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the above-mentioned step S4, the vegetation renewal and rejuvenation include shrub stubble pruning rejuvenation and grass mowing rejuvenation. Among them, shrub stubble pruning is carried out in the plant dormancy season, with the stubble height remaining below 10 cm and the stubble pruning intensity controlled within 50%. Grass mowing is carried out in the middle or end of the plant growing season, with the mowing intensity controlled within 50%. Both adopt the strip operation method.

7. A vegetation establishment technology for a complementary solar and pasture power station in alpine grasslands according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the above-mentioned step S4, the irrigation for soil moisture conservation adopts water-saving irrigation measures, laying drip irrigation tapes for subsurface irrigation, and irrigating by building flexible water cellars, reservoirs or equipping watering trucks and mobile sprinkler irrigation equipment.

8. A vegetation establishment technology for a complementary solar and pasture power station in alpine grasslands according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the above-mentioned step S4, the fertilization is targeted at the lightly and moderately degraded grasslands with poor soil. The basal fertilizer uses farmyard manure and granular organic fertilizer, and the top dressing uses diammonium phosphate and urea. Moreover, the fertilization amount is calculated according to the following formula:

Images