Planting method for improving lodging resistance of peppers

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for improving lodging resistance of peppers. The planting method comprises the steps of land selection and preparation, base fertilizer application, seed treatment, seedling raising, transplanting and field management after planting. By adopting the planting method provided by the invention, the pepper planting method is optimized and improved, firstly, the planting land is treated before transplanting, so that nutritional ingredients required by growth of peppers can be provided; 2, the seeds before seedling raising are treated, so that not only is the weather resistance of the seeds improved, but also the germination rate and the growth stability of the seeds are improved, and the plants cultivated in the later period show very strong lodging resistance and weather resistance; and thirdly, in the post-planting management stage, by watering, topdressing and spraying an anti-lodging conditioner, the resistance of the plants can be enhanced, and the lodging resistance of the pepper plants is further improved, so that the yield of the pepper plants and the planting effect of the pepper are improved, the planting benefit is improved, and the method has important theoretical and practical significance and is suitable for popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pepper planting, and particularly relates to a planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers. Background Art

[0002] Peppers are one of the main vegetable crops in China. In recent years, the market has been continuously growing and has become the main economic pillar crop in many provinces, cities, and counties in China. Peppers are rich in nutrients and have high medicinal value. It is measured that pepper fruits contain rich vitamins, carotenoids, and substances such as calcium and iron. In particular, the content of vitamin C is 4-7 times higher than that of fruit vegetables such as cucumbers, tomatoes, and eggplants. Every 100 grams of fresh peppers contains 170-360 milligrams of vitamin C, and the highest can reach 460 milligrams. Eating a small amount of peppers can strengthen the spleen and stimulate appetite, help digestion, and also has medicinal functions such as dispelling cold and dampness, and promoting blood circulation and relaxing tendons. It also has a certain curative effect on arthritis, chilblains, etc., so it is known as a "healthy food".

[0003] Peppers have strict requirements for water conditions, that is, they are neither drought-tolerant nor waterlogging-tolerant. During the growth process of peppers, the land cannot be dry. Light watering should be carried out in the seedling stage to promote seedling growth. During the flowering and fruiting stage, watering should be carried out in a timely manner to prevent flower and fruit drop and increase the early yield. During the peak fruit stage, the temperature rises, and the soil humidity should be maintained to promote the growth of the seedlings and attack the fruits, and watering should be carried out in a timely manner to increase the yield. Peppers belong to shallow-rooted crops. During the growth and planting process, if they encounter bad weather such as strong winds, the phenomenon of plant lodging will occur, which is not conducive to the growth and harvesting of the plants.

[0004] Currently, mostly the method of covering soil and treading is used to prevent lodging, and there is also the method of setting up scaffolds to prevent lodging. Using the method of setting up scaffolds to prevent lodging, although the effect is good, each pepper plant is supported and fixed with a bamboo stick, which not only has a high labor intensity but also has high labor costs and other restrictive factors. Especially for large-scale planting bases, it is not suitable for popularization and application.

[0005] After retrieval, the patent document with the application publication number CN117441556A discloses a method for planting lodging-resistant greenhouse peppers, the patent document with the application publication number CN104081976A discloses a method for early-maturing and lodging-resistant cultivation of peppers in southern greenhouses, and the patent document with the application publication number CN109169033A discloses a method for lodging-resistant cultivation of fruit peppers. From the content disclosed in the three retrieved patent documents, a lodging-resistant planting method is provided from different angles. In order to resist the problem that peppers are prone to lodging in windy and rainy weather, a planting method different from the prior art is provided, which has important theoretical and practical significance for reducing the lodging rate of pepper seedlings and increasing the pepper yield. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers in view of the problems in the background technology. By using this planting method, not only can peppers be prevented from lodging in windy and rainy weather, but also the yield and planting effect of peppers can be improved, thereby improving the planting benefit. Specifically, it is a planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers, and the planting method includes the following steps: S1. Site selection and land preparation: Select a plot with convenient drainage and irrigation, loose soil and good drainage as the planting land, and timely plow and turn over the soil of the selected planting land. S2. Applying base fertilizer: Apply base fertilizer to the planted land after plowing and turning over. Apply 1500 - 2500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu as the base fertilizer, then rake and level the planted land, and finally form ridges and cover with plastic film for later use. S3. Seed treatment: Select pepper seeds with plump grains, consistent size, no insect damage and no breakage. Put them into clean water and wash them once, then filter and set aside; then immerse the pepper seeds in a salt solution, perform ultrasonic treatment for 10 - 15 minutes, filter and set aside; then put the pepper seeds into a plasma treatment device, perform irradiation treatment for 3 - 5 minutes, take them out and set aside; finally, put the pepper seeds into an incubator for heat preservation treatment, after heat preservation for 4 - 6 hours, take them out and set aside. S4. Seedling raising: After the pepper seeds in step S3 show white tips, use the plug seedling raising method to raise seedlings for the pepper seeds. Sow the germinated seeds in the plug trays and raise seedlings according to the conventional method. The lowest temperature at night in the seedling bed is controlled above 10 °C, and the temperature of the seedling bed during the day is controlled at 22 - 26 °C; during the seedling stage, mainly prevent pepper damping-off and gray mold; one week before transplanting, cut off water and fertilizer for the pepper seedlings for hardening treatment. S5. Transplanting: When transplanting, take out the roots of the pepper seedlings together with the soil in the plug trays, transplant them on the pepper planting ridges sorted out in step S2 for triangular planting, with a row spacing of 50 - 60 cm and a plant spacing of 35 - 45 cm. After transplanting, pour enough root-fixing water, and perform supplementary seedling one week after planting. S6. Post-planting management: During the field period, regularly remove weeds in the soil, mainly by cultivating and loosening the soil, and need to perform watering and topdressing to keep the soil moist and not droughty; cultivate according to the conventional pest and disease management until the peppers are mature.

[0008] Further, when using the planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to the present invention, during the process of land selection and preparation in step S1, after the previous crop is harvested, first deeply plow the soil to a depth of 20 - 25 cm. After the deeply plowed soil is dried in the sun, then carry out rotary tillage and harrowing treatment on the planting land. The rotary tillage depth is 10 - 15 cm. After rotary tillage, carry out harrowing and leveling to remove weeds and dead branches and stumps. Through rotary tillage and harrowing, it is beneficial to ridge planting and ensure the neatness of seedlings.

[0009] Further, when using the planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to the present invention, during the process of applying base fertilizer in step S2, the base fertilizer is mainly composed of well-rotted organic farmyard manure and supplemented by commercial organic fertilizer. Apply 1800 - 2200 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure and 150 - 200 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu. The well-rotted organic farmyard manure is cow dung or pig dung, and the commercial organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer with a total organic matter content of ≥50%. Then harrow and level the planting land, and finally form planting ridges according to the height standard of 15 - 25 cm. The width of the planting ridges is 60 - 80 cm, and cover the planting ridges with silver-black plastic film for later use. Before film covering, wait until the ridge body is drenched by rain or watered thoroughly so that the soil in the ridge contains sufficient moisture before covering the plastic film.

[0010] Further, when using the planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to the present invention, during the process of seed treatment in step S3, the concentration of the salt solution is a sodium chloride salt solution with a concentration of 180 - 200 mmol / L; the usage amount of the sodium chloride salt solution is 8 - 10 times the total mass of the pepper seeds; when performing ultrasonic treatment, control the frequency of the ultrasonic wave to be 400 - 450 kHz.

[0011] Further, when using the planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to the present invention, during the process of seed treatment in step S3, put the pepper seeds into a plasma treatment device, and control the thickness of the seeds laid flat not to exceed 3 mm; when performing plasma irradiation treatment, control the discharge voltage in the plasma treatment device to be 1.8 - 2.2 kV, the current to be 20 - 24 mA, the frequency to be 15 - 20 kHz, and control the gas atmosphere to be air.

[0012] Further, when using the planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to the present invention, during the process of seedling raising in step S4, after the seedlings grow to the stage of complete emergence, use a 500-fold liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder for foliar spraying to prevent damping-off disease, and use a 750 - 2000-fold liquid of 50% iprodione for foliar spraying to prevent gray mold.

[0013] Further, when using the planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to the present invention, during the process of transplanting in step S5, when transplanting, transplant in a double-row single-plant zigzag pattern with a row spacing of 50 - 60 cm and a plant spacing of 35 - 45 cm.

[0014] Further, in the post-planting management process of step S6 of the planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to the present invention, after the peppers have survived the transplanting shock, topdressing fertilizers for seedling promotion are applied in combination with watering, with 5-10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer applied per mu; when entering the full fruit period, the demand for water and fertilizers by the peppers increases, and 15-20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer can be applied per mu, with fertilization once every 10-15 days; compound fertilizer is regularly applied in sequence according to the picking batches, and fertilization is carried out once after each picking to promote fruit growth, with 15-25 kg of compound fertilizer topdressed per mu. At the same time, during the fertilization stage, an anti-lodging conditioner needs to be sprayed, and the spraying amount of the anti-lodging conditioner is 80-120 mL per mu.

[0015] Further, in the planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to the present invention, the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is a high-concentration potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of ≥45%; and the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, in which the effective nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are ≥45%.

[0016] Further, in the planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to the present invention, the anti-lodging conditioner is a water-soluble silicon fertilizer with a concentration of 0.2-0.4 mg / mL. The water-soluble silicon fertilizer is one of sodium silicate, potassium silicate, sodium persilicate, and sodium metasilicate, and the spraying amount of the anti-lodging conditioner is 100-120 mL per mu.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to the present invention are as follows: First, selecting a planting land with convenient drainage and irrigation and loose soil quality can provide a suitable growth environment for peppers; at the same time, before planting, the soil of the planting land is plowed and turned over to remove weeds and dead branches and stumps. Through rotary tillage and harrowing, it is beneficial for the pepper seedlings to grow neatly after transplantation; Second, applying base fertilizer in advance can make it more beneficial for the pepper seedlings to grow neatly after transplantation and can also provide the necessary nutrients for growth; Third, before transplantation, silver-black plastic film is covered on the ridge surface. The covered plastic film can not only prevent weeds, increase temperature, and conserve soil moisture, but also reduce the evaporation of water, causing the water in the deep layer of the soil to gather towards the surface layer, maintaining soil moisture. At the same time, it can isolate the exchange of air and soil heat to a certain extent and reduce heat loss, thus providing a favorable growth environment for the pepper seedlings after transplantation; IV. Treat the seeds before seedling cultivation. First, soak the seeds with a salt solution. The use of a moderate concentration of salt ion stress improves the enzyme activity of the seeds and enhances their weather resistance. Then, irradiate the seeds with plasma. Under the action of the plasma, the germination and growth characteristics of the seeds are improved and enhanced, and the activities of various enzymes are increased. Combining with the stress effect of the salt solution, the germination rate and growth stability of the seeds are well improved, so that the cultivated pepper seedlings show strong lodging resistance and weather resistance; V. In the transplanting stage, transplant in a double-row single-plant pyramid shape on the ridge surface, which greatly improves the ventilation and light transmission performance of the peppers, can effectively utilize soil nutrients and natural light, thus reducing the occurrence of pepper diseases and pests, and can improve the lodging resistance of the peppers; VI. In the management stage after planting, first, through watering and topdressing, keep the soil moist and not dry, which can provide nutrient components for the growth of peppers, thus enhancing the growth stability of peppers; second, by spraying a lodging-resistant conditioner, using water-soluble silicon fertilizer as the lodging-resistant conditioner. Since water-soluble silicon fertilizer can improve the activity of lignin synthase in plant stems, promote lignin synthesis, reduce the impact of shading on stem strength, improve lodging resistance, enhance the chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance in leaves under low-light conditions, and enhance photosynthesis, this can further improve the lodging resistance of pepper plants, thereby increasing the yield of pepper plants.

[0018] In summary, by adopting the planting method of the present invention and optimizing and improving the planting method of peppers, first, treating the planting land before transplanting can provide the nutrient components required for the growth of peppers; second, treating the seeds before seedling cultivation not only improves the weather resistance of the seeds, but also improves the germination rate and growth stability of the seeds, so that the plants cultivated later show strong lodging resistance and weather resistance; third, in the post-planting management stage, by watering, topdressing and spraying a lodging-resistant conditioner, the resistance of the plants can be enhanced, and the lodging resistance of pepper plants can be further improved, thereby increasing the yield of pepper plants. It can be seen that by reducing the lodging rate of pepper seedlings, not only can peppers be prevented from lodging in windy and rainy weather, but also the yield of peppers and the planting effect of peppers can be improved, thus improving the planting efficiency, which has important theoretical and practical significance and is suitable for popularization and application. Specific Embodiments

[0019] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and implementation schemes of the present invention.

[0020] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0021] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail. Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention specification, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments obtained from the specification of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The specification and examples of the present invention are merely exemplary.

[0022] Regarding the use of "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. in this article, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to. Example 1

[0023] This example provides a planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers. The planting method includes the following steps: S1. Site selection and land preparation: Select a plot with convenient drainage and irrigation, loose soil, and good drainage as the planting land, and timely plow and turn over the soil of the selected planting land; during the site selection and land preparation process, after the previous crop is harvested, first deeply plow the soil to a depth of 20 - 25 cm. After the deeply plowed soil is dried in the sun, then perform rotary tillage and harrowing on the planting land. The rotary tillage depth is 10 - 15 cm. After rotary tillage, harrow and level the land to remove weeds and dead branches and stubbles. Through rotary tillage and harrowing, it is beneficial to ridge planting and ensure the neatness of pepper seedlings; S2. Applying base fertilizer: Apply base fertilizer to the cultivated land after plowing and harrowing, then harrow and level the cultivated land, and finally form ridges and cover with plastic film for later use; the base fertilizer is mainly composed of well-rotted organic farmyard manure supplemented by commercial organic fertilizer. Apply 1500 - 1800 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure and 150 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu. The well-rotted organic farmyard manure is cow dung or pig dung, and the commercial organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer with a total organic matter content of ≥ 50%; then harrow and level the cultivated land, and finally form planting ridges according to the height standard of 15 - 20 cm. The width of the planting ridge is 80 cm, and cover the planting ridge with silver-black plastic film for later use; before covering the film, wait until the ridge body is soaked by rain or watered thoroughly so that the soil in the ridge contains sufficient moisture before covering the plastic film; S3. Seed treatment: Select plump, uniform-sized, insect-free and non-damaged pepper seeds, put them into clean water and wash them once, then filter and set aside; then immerse the pepper seeds in a salt solution, ultrasonically treat them for 10 minutes, and then filter and set aside; then put the pepper seeds into a plasma treatment device, irradiate them for 3 minutes, and then take them out and set aside; finally, put the pepper seeds into an incubator for heat preservation treatment, and control the thickness of their paving not to exceed 3 mm; during the plasma irradiation treatment, control the discharge voltage in the plasma treatment device to be 1.8 kV, the current to be 20 mA, the frequency to be 15 kHz, and control the gas atmosphere to be air; after heat preservation for 4 hours, take them out and set aside; among them, the concentration of the salt solution is 180 mmol / L sodium chloride salt solution; the usage amount of the sodium chloride salt solution is 8 times the total mass of the pepper seeds; during the ultrasonic treatment, control the frequency of the ultrasonic wave to be 400 kHz; S4. Seedling raising: After the pepper seeds in step S3 show white tips, use the plug seedling raising method to raise seedlings for the pepper seeds. Sow the germinated seeds in the plug trays and raise seedlings according to the conventional method. Control the lowest temperature at night in the seedbed above 10 °C, and control the temperature in the seedbed during the day at 22 - 26 °C; during the seedling stage, mainly prevent pepper damping-off and gray mold; one week before transplanting, cut off the water and fertilizer of the pepper seedlings for hardening treatment; S5. Transplanting: During transplanting, take out the roots of the pepper seedlings together with the soil in the cultivation plug trays, transplant them on the pepper planting ridges sorted out in step S2 for staggered planting, with a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 35 cm. Pour sufficient root-fixing water after transplanting, and replenish the seedlings one week after planting; S6. Post-planting management: After the pepper seedlings have survived, topdress the seedling-promoting fertilizer in combination with watering, applying 5-10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu; when entering the peak fruiting period, the demand for water and fertilizer by the peppers increases. Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer can be applied at 15-20 kg per mu, with fertilization once every 10-15 days; generally, apply the compound fertilizer in sequence according to the picking batches, and fertilize once after each picking to promote fruit growth, applying 15 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. At the same time, during the fertilization stage, an anti-lodging conditioner needs to be sprayed, and the spraying amount of the anti-lodging conditioner is 80 mL per mu. Among them, the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is a high-concentration potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of ≥45%; and the compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, with the effective nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ≥45%. And the anti-lodging conditioner is a water-soluble silicon fertilizer with a concentration of 0.2 mg / mL, and the water-soluble silicon fertilizer is a sodium silicate solution; at the same time, during the post-planting management process, it is necessary to regularly remove weeds in the soil, and then mainly carry out deep tillage and soil loosening, and watering and topdressing treatments are required to keep the soil moist and not dry; cultivate according to conventional pest and disease management until the peppers are mature. Example 2

[0024] This example provides a planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers, and the planting method includes the following steps: S1. Site selection and land preparation: Select a plot with convenient drainage and irrigation, loose soil, and good drainage as the planting land, and timely plow and turn over the soil of the selected planting land; during the site selection and land preparation process, after the previous crop is harvested, first deeply plow the soil to a depth of 20-25 cm. After the deeply plowed soil is dried in the sun, then carry out rotary tillage and harrowing treatment on the planting land. The rotary tillage depth is 10-15 cm. After rotary tillage, carry out harrowing and leveling to remove weeds and dead branches and stumps. Through rotary tillage and harrowing, it is beneficial to ridge planting and ensure the neatness of pepper seedlings; S2. Applying base fertilizer: Apply base fertilizer to the planted land after plowing and turning it over, then harrow and level the planted land, and finally form ridges for later use; the base fertilizer is mainly composed of well-rotted organic farmyard manure and supplemented by commercial organic fertilizer. Apply 1800-2200 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure and 180 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu. The well-rotted organic farmyard manure is cow dung or pig dung, and the commercial organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer with a total organic matter content of ≥50%; then harrow and level the planted land, and finally form planting ridges according to the height standard of 18-22 cm. The width of the planting ridge is 90 cm, and cover the planting ridge with silver-black plastic film for later use; before covering the film, wait until the ridge body is drenched by rain or watered thoroughly so that the soil in the ridge contains sufficient moisture before covering the plastic film; S3. Seed treatment: Select plump, uniform-sized pepper seeds without insect damage or breakage. Immerse them in clean water for one wash, then filter and set aside. Next, immerse the pepper seeds in a salt solution, perform ultrasonic treatment for 12 minutes, filter and set aside. After that, place the pepper seeds in a plasma treatment device, irradiate for 4 minutes, and then take them out and set aside. Finally, place the pepper seeds in an incubator for heat preservation treatment, controlling the thickness of the laid-out seeds to be no more than 3 mm. During the plasma irradiation treatment, control the discharge voltage in the plasma treatment device to be 2.0 kV, the current to be 22 mA, the frequency to be 18 kHz, and control the gas atmosphere to be air. After heat preservation for 5 hours, take them out and set aside. Among them, the salt solution is a sodium chloride salt solution with a concentration of 190 mmol / L. The usage amount of the sodium chloride salt solution is 9 times the total mass of the pepper seeds. During the ultrasonic treatment, control the frequency of the ultrasonic wave to be 420 kHz. S4. Seedling raising: After the pepper seeds in step S3 show white tips, use the plug tray seedling raising method to raise seedlings for the pepper seeds. Sow the germinated seeds in the plug tray and raise seedlings according to the conventional method. Control the lowest temperature at night in the seedbed to be above 10 °C, and control the temperature in the seedbed during the day to be 22 - 26 °C. During the seedling stage, mainly prevent pepper damping-off and gray mold. One week before transplanting, cut off water and fertilizer for the pepper seedlings for hardening treatment. S5. Transplanting: During transplanting, take out the roots of the pepper seedlings together with the soil in the plug tray and transplant them in a staggered pattern on the pepper planting ridges sorted out in step S2. The row spacing is 55 cm, the plant spacing is 40 cm. After transplanting, pour enough root-fixing water. Carry out supplementary planting one week after planting. S6. Post-planting management: After the pepper seedlings have recovered from transplanting, topdress seedling-promoting fertilizer in combination with watering, applying 5 - 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu. When entering the full fruit stage, the demand for water and fertilizer by peppers increases. Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer can be applied at 15 - 20 kg per mu, and fertilize once every 10 - 15 days. Normally, apply compound fertilizer in sequence according to the picking batches, and fertilize once after each picking to promote fruit growth, applying 20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. At the same time, during the fertilization stage, an anti-lodging conditioner needs to be sprayed, and the spraying amount of the anti-lodging conditioner is 100 mL per mu. Among them, the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is a high-concentration potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of ≥45%. The compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ternary compound fertilizer, and the effective nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is ≥45%. The anti-lodging conditioner is a water-soluble silicon fertilizer with a concentration of 0.3 mg / mL, and the water-soluble silicon fertilizer is a potassium silicate solution. At the same time, during the post-planting management process, it is necessary to regularly remove weeds in the soil, and then mainly carry out intertillage and soil loosening, and need to carry out watering and topdressing treatment to keep the soil moist and not droughty. Cultivate according to the conventional pest and disease management until the peppers are mature. Example 3

[0025] This embodiment provides a planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers. The planting method includes the following steps: S1. Site selection and land preparation: Select a plot of land with convenient drainage and irrigation, loose soil, and good drainage as the planting land, and timely plow and turn over the soil of the selected planting land; during the site selection and land preparation process, after the previous crop is harvested, first deeply plow the soil to a depth of 20 - 25 cm. After the deeply plowed soil is dried in the sun, then carry out rotary tillage and harrowing on the planting land. The rotary tillage depth is 10 - 15 cm. After rotary tillage, carry out harrowing and leveling to remove weeds and dead branches and stubble. Through rotary tillage and harrowing, it is beneficial to ridge planting and ensure the neatness of pepper seedlings; S2. Applying base fertilizer: Apply base fertilizer to the planting land after plowing and turning it over, then harrow and level the planting land, and finally form ridges for later use; the base fertilizer is mainly composed of decomposed organic farmyard manure supplemented by commercial organic fertilizer. Apply 2200 - 2500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 200 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu. The decomposed organic farmyard manure is cow dung or pig manure, and the commercial organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer with a total organic matter content of ≥50%; then harrow and level the planting land, and finally form planting ridges according to the height standard of 20 - 25 cm. The width of the planting ridge is 100 cm, and cover the planting ridge with silver-black plastic film for later use; before covering the film, wait until the ridge body is soaked by rain or watered thoroughly so that the soil in the ridge contains sufficient moisture before covering the plastic film; S3. Seed treatment: Select pepper seeds with plump grains, uniform size, no insect damage and no breakage. Put them into clean water and wash them once, then filter and reserve; then immerse the pepper seeds in a salt solution, carry out ultrasonic treatment for 15 minutes, and then filter and reserve; then put the pepper seeds into a plasma treatment device, irradiate for 5 minutes, and then take them out and reserve; finally, put the pepper seeds into an incubator for heat preservation treatment, and control the thickness of their flat laying not to exceed 3 mm; during the plasma irradiation treatment, control the discharge voltage in the plasma treatment device to be 2.2 kV, the current to be 24 mA, the frequency to be 20 kHz, and control the gas atmosphere to be air. After heat preservation for 6 hours, take them out and reserve; among them, the concentration of the salt solution is 200 mmol / L sodium chloride salt solution; the usage amount of the sodium chloride salt solution is 10 times the total mass of the pepper seeds; during the ultrasonic treatment, control the frequency of the ultrasonic wave to be 450 kHz; S4. Seedling raising: After the pepper seeds in step S3 show white tips, use the plug seedling raising method to raise seedlings for the pepper seeds. Sow the germinated seeds in the plug trays and raise seedlings according to the conventional method. The lowest temperature at night in the seedling bed is controlled above 10 °C, and the temperature of the seedling bed during the day is controlled at 22 - 26 °C; during the seedling stage, mainly prevent pepper damping-off and gray mold; one week before transplanting, carry out the treatment of cutting off water and fertilizer for the pepper seedlings to harden them; S5. Transplanting: When transplanting, take out the roots of the pepper seedlings together with the soil in the seedling tray, and transplant them in a triangular planting pattern on the pepper planting ridges sorted out in step S2. The row spacing is 60 cm and the plant spacing is 45 cm. After transplanting, pour enough root-fixing water. Supplementary seedlings are carried out one week after planting; S6. Post-planting management: After the pepper seedlings have recovered from transplantation, topdress the seedling-promoting fertilizer in combination with watering, applying 5-10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu; when entering the full fruit stage, the demand for water and fertilizer by the peppers increases. Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer can be applied at 15-20 kg per mu, and fertilization is carried out once every 10-15 days; normally, compound fertilizer is applied in sequence according to the picking batches, and fertilization is carried out once after each picking to promote fruit growth, applying 25 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. At the same time, during the fertilization stage, an anti-lodging conditioner needs to be sprayed, and the spraying amount of the anti-lodging conditioner is 120 mL per mu; among them, the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is a high-concentration potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of ≥45%; and the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, in which the effective nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is ≥45%. And the anti-lodging conditioner is a water-soluble silicon fertilizer with a concentration of 0.4 mg / mL, and the water-soluble silicon fertilizer is a sodium metasilicate solution; at the same time, during the post-planting management process, it is necessary to regularly remove the weeds in the soil, and then mainly carry out intertillage and soil loosening, and watering and topdressing treatments are required to keep the soil moist and not droughty; cultivate according to conventional pest and disease management until the peppers are mature.

[0026] To illustrate the technical effects of the planting method described in the present invention, the state and indicators of the peppers planted by the planting method described in Example 2 during the growth period were detected and recorded, and were described from two aspects of the emergence rate and the lodging rate. The emergence rate refers to the emergence rate after the seeds are sown, and the lodging rate refers to the ratio of the overall average lodging phenomenon of the plants when encountering strong winds and other climates during the planting process. Its emergence rate reaches 95.7%, while the lodging rate is only 2.1%. According to the conventional planting method, the emergence rate is only 82.3%, and the lodging rate is only 10.4%. It can be seen that the peppers planted by the method of the present invention have significant improvements in both the emergence rate and the lodging resistance performance.

[0027] In addition, to further illustrate the technical effects of the planting method of the present invention, a quality test was conducted on the peppers planted by the planting method described in Example 2 and the peppers planted by the existing method. 10 non-lodged plants were selected respectively, and then a 10-cm stem length was cut upward starting from 5 cm away from the root. Then, the average content of lignin, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and the activity of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) were measured correspondingly. The average content of lignin reached about 1.98, the activity of PAL reached about 12.5, and the activity of 4CL reached 6.2. According to the conventional planting method, the average content of lignin reached about 1.46, the activity of PAL reached about 9.6, and the activity of 4CL reached about 4.3. It can be seen that for the peppers planted by the method of the present invention, the lignin content, PAL activity, and 4CL activity in the stem are significantly improved compared with the traditional method. Since there is a close positive correlation between the above component contents and activities and the lodging resistance performance of the plant, this also verifies the phenomenon that the plants bred by the method of the present invention have strong lodging resistance. Therefore, the method of the present invention can effectively improve the lodging resistance performance of peppers and has great promotion value and market competitiveness.

[0028] It can be seen that by optimizing and improving the planting method of peppers using the planting method described in the present invention, first, the planting land is treated before transplanting, which can provide the nutritional components required for the growth of peppers; second, the seeds before seedling raising are treated, which not only improves the weather resistance of the seeds, but also improves the germination rate and growth stability of the seeds, so that the plants cultivated later show strong lodging resistance and weather resistance; third, in the post-planting management stage, by watering, topdressing, and spraying anti-lodging conditioning agents, the resistance of the plants can be enhanced, and the lodging resistance of pepper plants can be further improved, thereby increasing the yield of pepper plants.

[0029] In summary, by using the planting method described in the present invention and reducing the lodging rate of pepper seedlings, not only can peppers be prevented from lodging in windy and rainy weather, but also the yield and planting effect of peppers can be improved, thereby increasing the planting benefit, which has important theoretical and practical significance and is suitable for popularization and application.

[0030] Other details not elaborated in the present invention are all well-known conventional technologies in the art, so no detailed description is made.

[0031] The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the technical solutions disclosed in the specific embodiments. The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention. Any minor modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made based on the technical solutions of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers, characterized in that, The planting method includes the following steps: S1. Site selection and land preparation: Select a plot with convenient drainage and irrigation, loose soil, and good drainage as the planting land, and timely plow and turn over the soil of the selected planting land; S2. Applying base fertilizer: Apply base fertilizer to the planting land after plowing and turning it over. Add 1500 - 2500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu as the base fertilizer, then rake and level the planting land, and finally form ridges and cover with plastic film for later use; S3. Seed treatment: Select chili seeds with plump grains, uniform size, no insect damage and no breakage. Put them into clean water and wash them once, then filter and set aside; then immerse the chili seeds in a salt solution, ultrasonically treat them for 10 - 15 minutes, then filter and set aside; then put the chili seeds into a plasma treatment device, irradiate them for 3 - 5 minutes, take them out and set aside; finally, put the chili seeds into an incubator for heat preservation treatment, keep them warm for 4 - 6 hours, and then take them out and set aside; S4. Seedling raising: After the chili seeds in step S3 show white tips, use the plug seedling raising method to raise seedlings for the chili seeds. Sow the germinated seeds in the plug trays and raise seedlings according to the conventional method. The lowest temperature at night in the seedbed should be controlled above 10 °C, and the temperature in the seedbed during the day should be controlled at 22 - 26 °C; during the seedling stage, mainly prevent chili damping-off and gray mold; one week before transplanting, cut off water and fertilizer for the pepper seedlings for hardening treatment; S5. Transplanting: When transplanting, take out the roots of the chili seedlings together with the soil in the seedling plug trays, transplant them in a quincunx pattern on the chili planting ridges sorted out in step S2, with a row spacing of 50 - 60 cm and a plant spacing of 35 - 45 cm. Pour enough root-fixing water after transplanting, and fill in the seedlings one week after planting; S6. Post-planting management: During the field period, regularly remove weeds in the soil, mainly by cultivating and loosening the soil. Watering and topdressing treatments are required to keep the soil moist and not droughty; cultivate according to the conventional pest and disease management until the chili peppers are mature.

2. The planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the process of site selection and land preparation in step S1, after the previous crop is harvested, first deeply plow the soil to a depth of 20 - 25 cm. After the deeply plowed soil is dried in the sun, then carry out rotary tillage and harrowing on the planting land, and the rotary tillage depth is 10 - 15 cm.

3. A planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the process of applying base fertilizer in step S2, the base fertilizer is mainly composed of well-rotted organic farmyard manure and supplemented by commercial organic fertilizer. Apply 1800 - 2200 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure and 150 - 200 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu. The well-rotted organic farmyard manure is cow dung or pig dung, and the commercial organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer with a total organic matter content of ≥50%; then rake and level the planting land, and finally form planting ridges according to the height standard of 15 - 25 cm. The width of the planting ridge surface is 60 - 80 cm, and cover the planting ridges with silver-black plastic film for later use; before covering the film, wait until the ridge body is soaked by rain or watered thoroughly so that the soil in the ridge contains sufficient moisture before covering the plastic film.

4. A planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the process of seed treatment in step S3, the concentration of the salt solution is a sodium chloride salt solution with a concentration of 180 - 200 mmol / L; the usage amount of the sodium chloride salt solution is 8 - 10 times the total mass of the chili seeds; when ultrasonically treating, control the ultrasonic frequency at 400 - 450 kHz.

5. A planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3 during the seed treatment process, the chili seeds are placed into a plasma treatment device, and the thickness of their flat laying is controlled to be no greater than 3 mm; during the plasma irradiation treatment, the discharge voltage in the plasma treatment device is controlled to be 1.8 - 2.2 kV, the current is 20 - 24 mA, the frequency is 15 - 20 kHz, and the gas atmosphere is controlled to be air.

6. The planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4 during the seedling raising process, after the seedlings grow to the stage of uniform emergence, a 500-fold liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder is used for foliar spraying to prevent damping-off, and a 750 - 2000-fold liquid of 50% iprodione is used for foliar spraying to prevent gray mold.

7. A planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5 during the transplanting process, during transplanting, transplanting is carried out in double rows with single plants at a row spacing of 50 - 60 cm and a plant spacing of 35 - 45 cm.

8. A planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6 during the post-planting management process, after the chili seedlings recover from transplanting, a seedling-promoting fertilizer is topdressed in combination with watering, with 5 - 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer applied per mu; when entering the full fruit stage, the demand for water and fertilizer by the chili increases, and 15 - 20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer can be applied per mu at intervals of 10 - 15 days; the compound fertilizer is applied in sequence according to the picking batches normally, and the compound fertilizer is applied once after each picking to promote fruit growth, with 15 - 25 kg of compound fertilizer applied per mu. At the same time, during the fertilization stage, an anti-lodging conditioner needs to be sprayed, and the spraying amount of the anti-lodging conditioner is 80 - 120 mL per mu.

9. The planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to claim 8, characterized in that: The potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is a high-concentration potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of ≥45%; while the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, in which the effective nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is ≥45%.

10. A planting method for improving the lodging resistance of peppers according to claim 8, characterized in that: The anti-lodging conditioner is a water-soluble silicon fertilizer with a concentration of 0.2 - 0.4 mg / mL. The water-soluble silicon fertilizer is one of sodium silicate, potassium silicate, sodium peroxydisilicate and sodium metasilicate. The spraying amount of the anti-lodging conditioner is 100 - 120 mL per mu.