Sweet potato breeding and planting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sweet potato planting, in particular to a sweet potato breeding and planting method. The invention relates to a sweet potato breeding and planting method, which comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting sweet potato seedlings with the length of 20-25cm, and performing detoxification treatment on the sweet potato seedlings; (2) in the middle ten days of May, when the daily average temperature of the earth surface is 13-20 DEG C, deeply ploughing the field to be sown to form a plurality of rows of furrows; (3) firstly applying a base fertilizer in the furrows, then spraying a selenium-rich nutrient solution, covering soil, and putting potato seedlings on the covering soil for soil filling cultivation; 4, after the potato seedlings are planted for 10-15 days, drip irrigation is conducted on the roots of the potato seedlings; (5) 25-30 days before the sweet potatoes are mature, a selenium-enriched nutrient solution is sprayed to the leaf surfaces of the sweet potato seedlings. According to the method, insect pest resistance of the sweet potatoes is achieved, the total content of selenium is increased, and meanwhile secondary pollution of soil is avoided. The method not only ensures the food safety of the sweet potatoes, but also improves the nutritional level of selenium in the human body on the basis of ensuring the original nutritional value of the sweet potatoes, is beneficial to improving the health of people, and has important practical significance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sweet potato cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for selecting and cultivating sweet potatoes. Background Art

[0002] Sweet potatoes contain a large amount of sugar, protein, various vitamins (including carotene and vitamin C), minerals, anti-cancer substances that inhibit the growth of cancer cells, and a large amount of dietary fiber. The nutritional value of sweet potatoes is as follows: (1) Preventing cancer. It has been found that sweet potatoes have anti-cancer and anti-cancer effects, especially the anti-cancer effects on colon cancer and breast cancer are very obvious. After people consume nutrients such as vitamin C and folic acid in sweet potatoes, the incidence of cancer can be greatly reduced; (2) Clearing heat, relieving summer heat, strengthening the stomach and promoting digestion. Sweet potatoes are rich in water and carbohydrates, which helps to clean the toxins in the patient's body, accelerate blood circulation and promote metabolism; (3) Supplementing nutrition and enhancing immunity. Sweet potatoes contain a large amount of elements such as protein, sugars, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, which can reduce the probability of related diseases induced by the lack of trace elements; (4) Regulating blood sugar. When experimental mice consume sweet potatoes, the insulin level in the mice's bodies is significantly reduced. Sweet potatoes have a good effect on reducing blood sugar.

[0003] However, in the process of sweet potato cultivation, there are the following problems: There are many pests in the fruits of sweet potatoes. The main pests include ants, cutworms, pillbugs, millipedes, longhorn beetles, gall midges, and snails, etc., which seriously affect the fruit yield.

[0004] In addition, the low selenium content and less available selenium in the soil lead to the low selenium content in the plants growing on it, and then the selenium content ingested by the human body through the food chain is insufficient. Therefore, through agronomic measures to increase the selenium content in plants is an effective and safe method for selenium supplementation in low-selenium and selenium-deficient areas.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for selecting and cultivating sweet potatoes that is resistant to pests and rich in selenium. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for selecting and cultivating sweet potatoes. By using the selection and cultivation method of the present invention, not only the pest resistance of sweet potatoes is achieved, but also the total selenium content in sweet potatoes is increased. At the same time, secondary pollution of the soil is avoided. The present invention not only ensures the food safety of sweet potatoes, but also improves the selenium nutritional level of the human body on the basis of ensuring the original nutritional value of sweet potatoes, which helps to improve people's health and has important practical significance.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, a method for selecting and cultivating sweet potatoes provided by the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for selecting and cultivating sweet potatoes, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Select seedlings, choose sweet potato seedlings with a length of 20 - 25 cm, and conduct virus-free treatment on them;

[0010] (2) Prepare the soil. In mid-May, when the average daily surface temperature is 13 - 20 °C, deeply plow the field to be sown to form multiple rows of trenches. The height of each row of trenches is 20 - 35 cm, the width of each row of trenches is 30 - 50 cm, and the spacing between adjacent two rows of trenches is 30 - 45 cm;

[0011] (3) Plant. First apply basal fertilizer in the above-mentioned trenches, applying 1000 - 3000 kg per mu, then spray selenium-rich nutrient solution into the trenches, spraying 15 - 20 kg per mu, then cover the soil, with the soil covering thickness of 1 - 3 cm. Place the sweet potato seedlings on the covered soil, and then fill the soil for cultivation, with the soil filling thickness of 3 - 5 cm. The spacing between adjacent sweet potato seedlings in each row of trenches is 25 - 35 cm;

[0012] (4) Spray selenium-rich nutrient solution again. 10 - 15 days after the sweet potato seedlings are planted, drip and spray selenium-rich nutrient solution again to the roots of the sweet potato seedlings, spraying 10 - 15 kg per mu;

[0013] (5) Spray selenium-rich nutrient solution for the third time. 25 - 30 days before the sweet potatoes mature, spray selenium-rich nutrient solution on the leaves of the sweet potato seedlings, spraying 10 - 15 kg per mu.

[0014] Preferably, in step (1), the virus-free treatment includes the following steps: soak the sweet potato seedlings with a 50-fold solution of a multi-bacterial fungicide with a mass concentration of 30 - 35% for 1 - 36 h. The multi-bacterial fungicide includes chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl, and the mass ratio of chlorothalonil to thiophanate-methyl is 1:0.5 - 1.

[0015] Preferably, in step (2), the humidity of the deep plowing is 45 - 85%, and the humidity is achieved through natural rainfall or artificial rainfall.

[0016] Preferably, in step (3), the basal fertilizer includes decomposed chicken manure and plant ash, and the sum of the mass of potassium in the decomposed chicken manure and plant ash is 1.2 - 1.5 times the mass of nitrogen in the decomposed chicken manure.

[0017] Preferably, in step (3), the selenium-rich nutrient solution includes 1.5 - 4.5% chelated organic selenium, 5 - 15% sodium hyaluronate, 5 - 10% fish protein, 5 - 10% wheat bran, 5 - 15% purple cabbage powder, 5 - 15% parsley powder, 5 - 15% disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 5 - 10% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 - 15% HEDTA and the balance of water; the pH value of the selenium-rich nutrient solution is 5 - 7.

[0018] Further preferably, the chelated organic selenium is C5H5SeCl.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] By adopting the breeding and planting method of the present invention, not only the insect resistance of sweet potatoes is achieved, but also the total selenium content in sweet potatoes is increased. At the same time, secondary pollution of the soil is avoided. The present invention not only ensures the food safety of sweet potatoes, but also improves the selenium nutritional level of the human body on the basis of ensuring the original nutritional value of sweet potatoes, which helps to improve people's health and has important practical significance.

[0021] The selenium-rich nutrient solution of the present invention is composed of chelated organic selenium, sodium hyaluronate, fish protein, wheat bran, purple cabbage powder, parsley powder, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, HEDTA and the balance of water, which enables sweet potatoes to absorb selenium more fully during the growth process, can quantitatively control the selenium content in sweet potatoes, ensures food safety and improves the quality of sweet potatoes while improving the selenium nutritional level of the human body, and can also increase the added value of sweet potatoes and increase farmers' income. Specific Embodiments

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0023] The terms used in the present invention are all common terms in the art. For the raw materials, equipment, preparation processes, testing methods, etc. that are not specifically described, they are all the existing technologies in the art.

[0024] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a breeding and planting method for sweet potatoes.

[0025] A breeding and planting method for sweet potatoes includes the following steps:

[0026] (1) Select seedlings, select sweet potato seedlings with a length of 20-25 cm and perform virus-free treatment on them;

[0027] (2) Prepare the land for plowing. In mid-May, when the average daily surface temperature is 13-20 °C, deeply plow the field to be sown to form multiple rows of ditches. The height of each row of ditches is 20-35 cm, the width of each row of ditches is 30-50 cm, and the spacing between adjacent rows of ditches is 30-45 cm;

[0028] (3) Plant. First apply base fertilizer in the above-mentioned ditches, applying 1000-3000 kg per mu, then spray selenium-rich nutrient solution into the ditches, spraying 15-20 kg per mu, then cover the soil, with the soil covering thickness of 1-3 cm. Put sweet potato seedlings on the covered soil, and then fill the soil for cultivation, with the soil filling thickness of 3-5 cm. The spacing between adjacent sweet potato seedlings in each row of ditches is 25-35 cm;

[0029] (4) Spray the selenium-rich nutrient solution again. 10-15 days after the sweet potato seedlings are planted, drip and spray the selenium-rich nutrient solution again on the roots of the sweet potato seedlings, spraying 10-15 kg per mu;

[0030] (5) The third spraying of selenium-rich nutrient solution is carried out 25 - 30 days before the sweet potatoes mature. Spray the selenium-rich nutrient solution on the leaves of the sweet potato seedlings, with 10 - 15 kg sprayed per mu.

[0031] Preferably, in step (1), the detoxification treatment includes the following steps: Soak the sweet potato seedlings with a 50-fold solution of a multi-bacterial fungicide with a mass concentration of 30 - 35% for 1 - 36 h. The multi-bacterial fungicide includes chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl, and the mass ratio of chlorothalonil to thiophanate-methyl is 1:0.5 - 1.

[0032] Preferably, in step (2), the humidity for deep plowing is 45 - 85%, and the humidity is achieved through natural rainfall or artificial rainfall.

[0033] Preferably, in step (3), the base fertilizer includes well-rotted chicken manure and plant ash, and the sum of the masses of potassium in the well-rotted chicken manure and plant ash is 1.2 - 1.5 times the mass of nitrogen in the well-rotted chicken manure.

[0034] Preferably, in step (3), the selenium-rich nutrient solution includes 1.5 - 4.5% chelated organic selenium, 5 - 15% sodium hyaluronate, 5 - 10% fish protein, 5 - 10% wheat bran, 5 - 15% purple cabbage powder, 5 - 15% parsley powder, 5 - 15% disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 5 - 10% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 - 15% HEDTA, and the balance of water; the pH value of the selenium-rich nutrient solution is 5 - 7.

[0035] More preferably, the chelated organic selenium is C5H5SeCl.

[0036] The following specific examples of the present invention will further illustrate the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A method for selecting and cultivating sweet potatoes includes the following steps:

[0039] (1) Select seedlings. Select sweet potato seedlings with a length of 20 - 25 cm and conduct detoxification treatment on them; the detoxification treatment includes the following steps: Soak the sweet potato seedlings with a 50-fold solution of a multi-bacterial fungicide with a mass concentration of 30% for 4 h. The multi-bacterial fungicide includes chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl, and the mass ratio of chlorothalonil to thiophanate-methyl is 1:0.5.

[0040] (2) Prepare the soil. In mid-May, when the average daily surface temperature is 13 - 15 °C, deeply plow the field to be sown to form multiple rows of trenches. The height of each row of trenches is 20 - 25 cm, the height of each row of trenches is 30 - 35 cm, and the spacing between adjacent two rows of trenches is 30 - 45 cm; the humidity for deep plowing is 45 - 55%, and the humidity is achieved through natural rainfall or artificial rainfall.

[0041] (3) Planting: First, apply basal fertilizer in the above-mentioned trenches at a rate of 1000 - 1500 kg per mu. Then, spray selenium-rich nutrient solution into the trenches at a rate of 15 - 17 kg per mu. Next, cover the soil with a thickness of 2 cm. Place sweet potato seedlings on the covered soil, and then fill the soil for cultivation with a thickness of 3 - 4 cm. The spacing between adjacent sweet potato seedlings in each row of trenches is 25 - 30 cm. The basal fertilizer includes decomposed chicken manure and plant ash, and the sum of the masses of potassium in the decomposed chicken manure and plant ash is 1.2 times the nitrogen in the decomposed chicken manure. The selenium-rich nutrient solution includes 1.5% chelated organic selenium (C5H5SeCl), 5% sodium hyaluronate, 5% fish protein, 5% wheat bran, 5% purple cabbage powder, 5% parsley powder, 5% disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5% HEDTA, and the balance of water. The pH value of the selenium-rich nutrient solution is 6 - 7.

[0042] (4) Spray selenium-rich nutrient solution again: 10 days after planting the sweet potato seedlings, drip-irrigate and spray selenium-rich nutrient solution again at the roots of the sweet potato seedlings at a rate of 10 kg per mu.

[0043] (5) Spray selenium-rich nutrient solution for the third time: 25 days before the sweet potatoes mature, spray selenium-rich nutrient solution on the leaves of the sweet potato seedlings at a rate of 10 kg per mu.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] A method for breeding and planting sweet potatoes includes the following steps:

[0046] (1) Seedling selection: Select sweet potato seedlings with a length of 20 - 25 cm and conduct virus-free treatment on them. The virus-free treatment includes the following steps: Soak the sweet potato seedlings in a 50-fold solution of a multi-bacterial fungicide with a mass concentration of 35% for 12 h. The multi-bacterial fungicide includes chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl, and the mass ratio of chlorothalonil to thiophanate-methyl is 1:1.

[0047] (2) Land preparation: In mid-May, when the daily average temperature on the ground surface is 15 - 18 °C, deeply plow the field to be sown to form multiple rows of trenches. The height of each row of trenches is 25 - 30 cm, the depth of each row of trenches is 30 - 40 cm, and the spacing between adjacent two rows of trenches is 30 - 45 cm. The humidity of the deep plowing is 55 - 65%, and the humidity is achieved through natural rainfall or artificial rainfall.

[0048] (3) Planting: First, apply basal fertilizer in the above-mentioned trenches at a rate of 2000 - 2500 kg per mu, then spray selenium-rich nutrient solution into the trenches at a rate of 18 - 20 kg per mu. Then cover the soil with a thickness of 3 cm. Place sweet potato seedlings on the covered soil and then fill the soil for cultivation with a thickness of 5 cm. The distance between adjacent sweet potato seedlings in each row of trenches is 25 - 28 cm; the basal fertilizer includes decomposed chicken manure and plant ash, and the sum of the masses of potassium in the decomposed chicken manure and plant ash is 1.3 times the nitrogen in the decomposed chicken manure. The selenium-rich nutrient solution includes 3% chelated organic selenium (C5H5SeCl), 10% sodium hyaluronate, 8% fish protein, 7% wheat bran, 10% purple cabbage powder, 7% parsley powder, 8% disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 8% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10% HEDTA and the balance of water; the pH value of the selenium-rich nutrient solution is 6 - 7.

[0049] (4) Spray selenium-rich nutrient solution again: 12 days after planting the sweet potato seedlings, drip-irrigate and spray selenium-rich nutrient solution again at the roots of the sweet potato seedlings at a rate of 15 kg per mu.

[0050] (5) Spray selenium-rich nutrient solution for the third time: 28 days before the sweet potatoes mature, spray selenium-rich nutrient solution on the leaves of the sweet potato seedlings at a rate of 15 kg per mu.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] A method for breeding and planting sweet potatoes, comprising the following steps:

[0053] (1) Seedling selection: Select sweet potato seedlings with a length of 20 - 25 cm and conduct virus-free treatment on them; the virus-free treatment includes the following steps: Soak the sweet potato seedlings in a 50-fold solution of a multi-bacterial fungicide with a mass concentration of 30% for 24 h. The multi-bacterial fungicide includes chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl, and the mass ratio of chlorothalonil to thiophanate-methyl is 1:0.8.

[0054] (2) Land preparation: In mid-May, when the daily average temperature on the ground surface is 17 - 20 °C, deeply plow the field to be sown to form multiple rows of trenches. The height of each row of trenches is 30 - 35 cm, the height of each row of trenches is 30 - 50 cm, and the distance between adjacent two rows of trenches is 30 - 45 cm; the humidity of the deep plowing is 65 - 75%, and the humidity is achieved through natural rainfall or artificial rainfall.

[0055] (3) Planting: First, apply a base fertilizer in the above-mentioned ditch at a rate of 2,500 - 3,000 kg per mu, then spray a selenium-rich nutrient solution into the ditch at a rate of 20 kg per mu. Next, cover the soil with a thickness of 3 cm, place sweet potato seedlings on the covered soil, and then fill the soil for cultivation with a thickness of 4 cm. The spacing between adjacent sweet potato seedlings in each row of ditches is 25 - 30 cm. The base fertilizer includes decomposed chicken manure and plant ash, and the sum of the masses of potassium in the decomposed chicken manure and plant ash is 1.5 times the nitrogen in the decomposed chicken manure. The selenium-rich nutrient solution includes 4.5% chelated organic selenium (C5H5SeCl), 15% sodium hyaluronate, 10% fish protein, 10% wheat bran, 15% purple cabbage powder, 15% parsley powder, 10% disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5% HEDTA, and the balance of water.

[0056] (4) Spray the selenium-rich nutrient solution again: 15 days after planting the sweet potato seedlings, drip and irrigate the selenium-rich nutrient solution again onto the roots of the sweet potato seedlings at a rate of 13 kg per mu.

[0057] (5) Spray the selenium-rich nutrient solution for the third time: 30 days before the sweet potatoes mature, spray the selenium-rich nutrient solution onto the leaves of the sweet potato seedlings at a rate of 13 kg per mu.

[0058] Harvest the above-mentioned sweet potatoes in September of the same year. Through the absorption of the sweet potato roots and leaves, the selenium in the selenium-rich nutrient solution is converted into organic selenium, so that the content of trace element selenium in the sweet potatoes reaches 1.08 - 1.5 mg / Kg, which is nearly 20 times the selenium content in the sweet potatoes planted by conventional techniques, and the organic selenium content is higher than 50%. The yield of the sweet potatoes is increased by 20.0% compared with the ordinary method.

[0059] Adopting the breeding and planting method of the present invention not only realizes the pest resistance of sweet potatoes, but also improves the total selenium content in sweet potatoes. At the same time, it avoids the secondary pollution of the soil. The present invention not only ensures the food safety of sweet potatoes, but also improves the selenium nutritional level of the human body on the basis of ensuring the original nutritional value of sweet potatoes, which helps to improve people's health and has important practical significance.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that it is still possible to modify the specific implementation manners of the present invention or perform equivalent replacements for some technical features; without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, they should all be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A sweet potato breeding and planting method, characterized in that It includes the following steps: (1) Selecting seedlings: Select sweet potato seedlings with a length of 20 - 25 cm and conduct virus-free treatment on them; (2) Land preparation: In mid-May, when the average daily surface temperature is 13 - 20 °C, deeply plow the field to be sown to form multiple rows of trenches. The height of each row of trenches is 20 - 35 cm, the width of each row of trenches is 30 - 50 cm, and the spacing between adjacent rows of trenches is 30 - 45 cm; (3) Planting: First apply a base fertilizer in the above-mentioned trenches at a rate of 1000 - 3000 kg per mu, then spray a selenium-rich nutrient solution into the trenches at a rate of 15 - 20 kg per mu. Then cover the soil with a thickness of 1 - 3 cm. Place the sweet potato seedlings on the covered soil and then fill the soil for cultivation with a filling thickness of 3 - 5 cm. The spacing between adjacent sweet potato seedlings in each row of trenches is 25 - 35 cm; (4) Spraying the selenium-rich nutrient solution again: 10 - 15 days after the sweet potato seedlings are planted, drip-irrigate and spray the selenium-rich nutrient solution again on the roots of the sweet potato seedlings at a rate of 10 - 15 kg per mu; (5) Spraying the selenium-rich nutrient solution for the third time: 25 - 30 days before the sweet potatoes mature, spray the selenium-rich nutrient solution on the leaves of the sweet potato seedlings at a rate of 10 - 15 kg per mu.

2. The sweet potato breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (1) In it, the virus-free treatment 3. The sweet potato breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, includes the following steps: Soak the sweet potato seedlings with a 50-fold solution of a multi-bacterial fungicide with a mass concentration of 30 - 35% for 1 - 36 h. The multi-bacterial fungicide includes chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl, and the mass ratio of chlorothalonil to thiophanate-methyl is 1:0.5 - 1.

4. The sweet potato breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (2), the humidity of the deep plowing is 45 - 85%, and the humidity is achieved through natural rainfall or artificial rainfall.

5. The sweet potato breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the base fertilizer includes decomposed chicken manure and plant ash, and the sum of the masses of potassium in the decomposed chicken manure and plant ash is 1.2 - 1.5 times the nitrogen in the decomposed chicken manure.

6. The sweet potato breeding and planting method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (3), the selenium-rich nutrient solution includes 1.5 - 4.5% chelated organic selenium, 5 - 15% sodium hyaluronate, 5 - 10% fish protein, 5 - 10% wheat bran, 5 - 15% purple cabbage powder, 5 - 15% parsley powder, 5 - 15% disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 5 - 10% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 - 15% HEDTA and the balance of water; the pH value of the selenium-rich nutrient solution is 5 - 7. The chelated organic selenium is C5H5SeCl.