Breeding method of crayfish strain with fast growth and high meat content

Abstract

The invention provides a breeding method of a crayfish strain which is rapid in growth and high in meat content. The breeding method of the crayfish strain with high growth speed and high meat content comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a parent crayfish population with relatively high growth potential and meat characteristics for breeding; s2, in the selected population, the growth speed of the selected population is promoted by controlling environmental conditions and a nutrition formula; and S3, screening out individuals with relatively high meat quality content by combining meat quality analysis data, and further breeding and breeding. According to the breeding method for the crayfish strain with the rapid growth and the high meat content, through breeding management measures and refined environment control, it is ensured that rapid growth individuals are stable in performance, the overall breeding efficiency and economic benefits of crayfishes are improved, multiple characters can be accurately optimized through comprehensive evaluation of genotypes and phenotypes, limitation of single character breeding is avoided, and the breeding method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The breeding efficiency and accuracy are obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to the field of crayfish variety breeding and optimization technology, and specifically to a method for breeding crayfish strains that grow quickly and have a high meat content. Background Art

[0002] As an important economic aquaculture species, the cultivation area and consumption demand of crayfish have been increasing worldwide in recent years. Existing technologies mainly select crayfish varieties through traditional artificial selection and natural breeding, focusing on improving their growth rate, meat yield, disease resistance and other characteristics. Many studies are committed to improving the growth rate and meat content of crayfish through genetic improvement, and trying to optimize breeding management techniques to enhance their market competitiveness. In addition, some varieties of breeding have been successfully applied to commercial breeding at home and abroad. Some crayfish varieties have been widely promoted and have certain breeding advantages.

[0003] However, the current technology still has many shortcomings, which restricts the further development of crayfish farming. First, many existing crayfish varieties grow slowly, especially in undesirable breeding environments, where growth and development are severely affected by environmental factors, resulting in extended breeding cycles and unstable yields. Secondly, the meat content of most varieties is low, which affects the edible part per unit body weight, thereby reducing the breeding efficiency. In addition, the existing breeding methods are still insufficient in genetic improvement, and the stability of the varieties is poor, and it is impossible to effectively improve multiple traits at the same time, such as growth rate, meat content, and disease resistance. At the same time, some varieties have weak resistance to diseases, which can easily lead to large-scale breeding deaths, further reducing breeding efficiency. Therefore, the existing technology fails to meet the needs of rapid and efficient breeding and comprehensive genetic improvement, and innovative breeding methods are urgently needed to improve the breeding efficiency and market competitiveness of crayfish. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for breeding a crayfish strain with fast growth and high meat content, which solves the problem of slow growth of crayfish and low meat content of crayfish.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A method for breeding a crayfish strain with fast growth and high meat content, comprising:

[0006] S1. Select parent crayfish stocks with higher growth potential and meat quality characteristics for breeding;

[0007] S2. In the selected population, the growth rate is promoted by controlling environmental conditions and nutritional formula, and breeding management measures are adopted to ensure that the performance of individuals with faster growth rates during the breeding process is stable;

[0008] S3. Combine the meat quality analysis data to evaluate the meat content of the selected fast-growing crayfish, select individuals with higher meat content, and conduct further breeding and selection;

[0009] S4. Transmit excellent genes through population genetic improvement methods, conduct multiple generations of selection and backcrossing, and cultivate a crayfish strain with both fast-growing traits and a high meat content rate.

[0010] Preferably, the parental crayfish population is selected by a method combining genotype analysis and phenotypic screening.

[0011] Preferably, the controlled environmental conditions include: the temperature is controlled within the range of 20°C to 28°C, the pH value of the water quality is maintained at 7.5 - 8.5, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is not less than 5 mg / L to ensure the stable performance of fast-growing individuals during the breeding process.

[0012] Preferably, the meat quality analysis data is obtained by analyzing the edible parts of the crayfish to measure the meat content rate of its meat quality. The meat content evaluation is comprehensively evaluated using the following multi-trait selection model formula:

[0013]

[0014] Among them, SI represents the multi-trait selection index, w1 and w2 are the weights of the growth rate and meat content respectively, represents the standardized value of the individual growth rate relative to the population average growth rate, represents the standardized value of the individual meat content relative to the population average meat content, and are the average growth rate and meat content of the population respectively.

[0015] Preferably, the population genetic improvement method is optimized through genotype-assisted selection. The genotype-assisted selection accelerates the breeding process and stably transmits excellent genes by selecting gene markers related to fast growth and high meat quality, ensuring that the selected crayfish strain has excellent growth speed and meat content.

[0016] Preferably, the multiple generations of selection and backcrossing in S4 are carried out through the following steps:

[0017] S4.1 Select fast-growing and high-meat-quality individuals in the initial population for mating

[0018] S4.2 Conduct generation-by-generation selection on the offspring of the initial population, and select the individuals with the best performance in each generation for mating, and finally cultivate a stable excellent strain.

[0019] Preferably, the aquaculture management measures include:

[0020] Fine breeding density control: The number of crayfish in each square meter of the breeding pond does not exceed 50;

[0021] Breeding environment management: Regularly clean the breeding environment, regularly conduct health checks on crayfish, isolate the sick, and ensure that the individual crayfish during the breeding process show stable growth and meat quality characteristics.

[0022] The present invention provides a method for breeding a strain of crayfish with rapid growth and high meat content. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The method for breeding a strain of crayfish with rapid growth and high meat content selects parent crayfish with high growth potential and meat quality characteristics, and uses a method combining genotype analysis and phenotypic screening to ensure that the selected strain has excellent growth rate and high meat content. Through breeding management measures and refined environmental control, it ensures that the individuals with rapid growth show stability, improving the overall breeding efficiency and economic benefits of crayfish.

[0024] In addition, the present invention also uses population genetic improvement methods, such as genotype-assisted selection and multi-generation selection and backcrossing. The present invention can stably transmit excellent genes, ensuring that the strains obtained during the breeding process perform excellently in multiple traits such as growth rate and meat content. At the same time, the comprehensive evaluation of genotype and phenotype can accurately optimize multiple traits, avoiding the limitations of single-trait breeding, and significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of breeding. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow diagram for implementing the invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0026] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Embodiment 1

[0028] As Figure 1 shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for breeding a strain of crayfish with rapid growth and high meat content, including S1. Selecting a population of parent crayfish with high growth potential and meat quality characteristics for breeding. The population of parent crayfish is selected by a method combining genotype analysis and phenotypic screening, specifically the following steps:

[0029] Phenotypic screening: Select 100 crayfish from the existing population that have a weight gain of more than 50 grams within 90 days and a meat content greater than 30%.

[0030] Genotype analysis: Genotype analysis was performed on the above 100 individuals, and 300 individuals carrying excellent genes related to rapid growth and high meat quality were screened out.

[0031] Parent screening: 50 excellent individuals were screened out from the genotype analysis, and finally 10 individuals with the best performance were selected as parents for breeding.

[0032] Parent breeding: The 10 selected parents were mated to ensure the stable transmission of excellent genes and cultivate the next generation with the characteristics of rapid growth and high meat content.

[0033] S2. In the selected population, the growth rate was promoted by controlling environmental conditions and nutritional formulations. At the same time, aquaculture management measures were adopted to ensure the stable performance of individuals with a relatively fast growth rate during the breeding process. The controlled environmental conditions included: the temperature was controlled within the range of 20°C to 28°C, the pH value of the water quality was maintained at 7.5 - 8.5, and the dissolved oxygen concentration was not less than 5 mg / L to ensure the stable performance of individuals with rapid growth during the breeding process. The aquaculture management measures included:

[0034] Fine control of stocking density: The number of crayfish in each square meter of the aquaculture pond did not exceed 50.

[0035] Aquaculture environment management: The aquaculture environment was cleaned regularly, and the crayfish were examined for health regularly. Diseased individuals were isolated to ensure the stable growth and meat quality characteristics of crayfish individuals during the breeding process.

[0036] S3. Combine the meat quality analysis data to evaluate the meat content of the selected fast-growing crayfish, screen out individuals with a relatively high meat content, and conduct further breeding and selection. The meat quality analysis data was obtained by analyzing the edible part of the crayfish to determine the meat content rate of its meat. The meat content evaluation was comprehensively evaluated using the following multi-trait selection model formula:

[0037]

[0038] Among them, SI represents the multi-trait selection index, w1 and w2 are the weights of growth rate and meat content respectively, represents the standardized value of the individual growth rate relative to the population average growth rate, represents the standardized value of the individual meat content relative to the population average meat content, and are the average growth rate and meat content of the population respectively.

[0039] S4. Transfer excellent genes through population genetic improvement methods, conduct multiple generations of selection and backcrossing, and cultivate a crayfish strain that not only has the trait of rapid growth but also has a relatively high meat content. The population genetic improvement method is optimized through genotype-assisted selection, and genotype-assisted selection accelerates the breeding process and stably transmits excellent genes by selecting gene markers related to rapid growth and high meat quality, ensuring that the selected crayfish strain has excellent growth speed and meat content.

[0040] The multiple generations of selection and backcrossing are carried out through the following steps:

[0041] Multiple generations of selection: Screen the offspring of the parental crayfish, and select individuals with a weight gain exceeding 50 grams and a meat content greater than 30%. Select the top 30% of the individuals with the best performance in each generation for mating.

[0042] Backcrossing: Ensure the stable transmission of excellent traits through backcrossing in each generation. After 5 generations of breeding, a stable excellent strain is finally cultivated, and the offspring continuously exhibit a relatively high growth speed and a relatively high meat content.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] Different from Example 1, this example controls the temperature control environment and high-protein feed formula

[0045] Environmental conditions:

[0046] Temperature control: Set the water temperature in the breeding pond within the range of 22°C to 26°C. This temperature range is suitable for the growth of crayfish, can promote their activity and appetite, and thus accelerate growth.

[0047] Water quality control: Maintain the pH value at 7.8 and control the dissolved oxygen concentration at 6 mg / L to ensure that crayfish grow under suitable water quality conditions.

[0048] Water quality management: Regularly replace part of the water body to ensure that the water body is clean and pollution-free, and use a filtration system to remove suspended substances to maintain stable water quality.

[0049] Feed formula:

[0050] High-protein feed: Provide feed containing 40%-50% protein, which can effectively promote the rapid growth of crayfish and increase its weight and meat content.

[0051] Add nutritional supplements: Add feed additives rich in various minerals, amino acids and vitamins to enhance the immunity and growth potential of crayfish.

[0052] Management measures:

[0053] Cultivation density: The number of crayfish cultivated per square meter of the pond is controlled at 40, to avoid the competition pressure caused by excessive density, so as to maintain a stable growth rate.

[0054] Health management: Conduct a health check once a month, isolate the sick individuals in time, and ensure that the cultivation environment is hygienic and disease-free.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] What is different from Example 1 in this example is the high-temperature environment and the low-protein high-fiber feed formula

[0057] Temperature control: Set the water temperature of the cultivation pond within the range of 26°C to 28°C. This temperature range is suitable for the warm season, which can promote the metabolism and appetite of crayfish, thus accelerating their growth.

[0058] Water quality control: The pH value is maintained at 8.0, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is controlled at 5 mg / L. This control helps to maintain a good growth environment.

[0059] Water quality management: Regularly adjust the water quality with water quality regulators to ensure that the dissolved oxygen level remains within an appropriate range.

[0060] Feed formula:

[0061] Low-protein high-fiber feed: Use feed containing 25%-30% protein and a relatively high fiber content, which helps to maintain the digestive system health of crayfish at higher temperatures and provides sufficient energy to support growth.

[0062] Trace element additive: Add an appropriate amount of trace elements (such as calcium, phosphorus, zinc, etc.) to the feed to promote the hard shell formation and growth of crayfish.

[0063] Management measures:

[0064] Cultivation density: The number of crayfish cultivated per square meter of the pond is controlled at 50, to avoid overcrowding and ensure sufficient activity space among individuals.

[0065] Health management: Regularly clean the cultivation pond to ensure no accumulation of harmful substances, monitor water quality changes, and handle abnormal situations in time.

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] Data analysis:

[0069] Growth rate

[0070] Example 1 (Original Scheme): The weight gain in 90 days is 50 grams, which is a conventional farming situation under natural environment. Due to the lack of temperature control and fine management, the growth rate is relatively slow.

[0071] Example 2 (Temperature-controlled Environment and High-protein Feed Formula): By using temperature control and high-protein feed, the growth rate reaches 60 grams, significantly higher than that in Example 1. High-protein feed can accelerate the growth of crayfish, and the temperature-controlled environment provides ideal growth conditions.

[0072] Example 3 (High-temperature Environment and Low-protein High-fiber Feed Formula): Although high temperature is utilized to promote growth during the warm season, due to the use of low-protein feed, the growth rate is 55 grams, slightly lower than that in Example 2.

[0073] Meat content

[0074] Example 1: The meat content is 30%-32%. This value is suitable for general farming environments, but limited by the growth rate, the meat may not be as high-quality as that in the high-protein feed environment.

[0075] Example 2: Due to the use of high-protein feed, the meat content is relatively high, reaching 35%-37%. High-protein feed can promote the muscle growth of crayfish, providing a higher meat content.

[0076] Example 3: Due to the influence of low-protein feed, the meat content is 33%-34%. Although it is higher than that in Example 1, it does not reach the level of Example 2.

[0077] Feed conversion ratio (FCR)

[0078] Example 1: The feed conversion ratio is 1.8, meaning that every 1 kg of feed is converted into 1.8 kg of crayfish. This is relatively ordinary, indicating that the feed utilization rate is average.

[0079] Example 2: By using high-protein feed and temperature-controlled environment, the FCR is improved to 1.6, which means a more efficient feed conversion ratio, indicating that high-protein feed and temperature-controlled environment can indeed improve the growth efficiency of crayfish.

[0080] Example 3: Due to the low-protein high-fiber feed, the FCR is relatively high, at 2.0, and the feed utilization efficiency is low, affecting the growth rate and final yield.

[0081] Farming cost

[0082] Example 1: The farming cost per kg of crayfish is 5 yuan / kg, with a relatively low cost, suitable for large-scale production and cost control.

[0083] Example 2: The temperature-controlled environment and high-protein feed result in a cost of 7 yuan per kilogram of crayfish. Although the cost increases, the high growth rate and improved meat quality can offset the cost.

[0084] Example 3: The breeding cost of crayfish per kilogram is 6 yuan per kilogram. Although low-protein feed is used, the high-temperature environment still requires certain management, increasing the cost.

[0085] Environmental adaptability

[0086] Example 1: It has strong adaptability and can be implemented in different seasons and environments. However, due to the lack of temperature control, the growth rate and meat quality may be affected by seasonal changes and show instability.

[0087] Example 2: It is suitable for a temperature-controlled environment (such as spring and autumn), but the cost is relatively high. The stability of the temperature-controlled environment is good, so the growth rate and meat quality are stable, and the adaptability is relatively narrow.

[0088] Example 3: It is applicable to a high-temperature environment and can achieve good growth results during the warm season. However, excessive temperature may cause stress reactions in crayfish, so good temperature management is required.

[0089] Summary:

[0090] In Example 2, through the temperature-controlled environment and high-protein feed, although the cost is increased, it shows the best performance in terms of growth rate and meat content, and is suitable for crayfish production that pursues high efficiency and high quality.

[0091] Example 3 uses low-protein feed to reduce the cost and is suitable for the high-temperature season. However, due to the use of low-protein feed, the growth rate is slow and the meat content is not as good as that in Example 2.

[0092] Example 1 has a low cost and wide applicability, but the growth rate and meat content are not as good as those in Examples 2 and 3, and it is suitable for cost-oriented production.

[0093] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A breeding method for a strain of crayfish with rapid growth and high meat content, characterized in that, Including: S1. Select parent crayfish populations with high growth potential and meat quality characteristics for breeding; S2. In the selected populations, promote their growth rate by controlling environmental conditions and nutritional formulations, and at the same time adopt aquaculture management measures to ensure the stable performance of individuals with faster growth rates during the breeding process; S3. Evaluate the meat content of the selected fast-growing crayfish in combination with meat quality analysis data, select individuals with higher meat content, and conduct further breeding and selection; S4. Transmit excellent genes through population genetic improvement methods, conduct multi-generation selection and backcrossing, and cultivate a crayfish strain that has both fast-growing traits and a high meat content rate.

2. The breeding method of a crayfish strain with rapid growth and high meat content according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parent crayfish populations are selected by a method combining genotype analysis and phenotypic screening.

3. A breeding method for a crayfish strain with rapid growth and high meat content according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control of environmental conditions includes: the temperature is controlled within the range of 20°C to 28°C, the water quality pH value is maintained at 7.5 - 8.5, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is not less than 5 mg / L.

4. A breeding method for a crayfish strain with rapid growth and high meat content according to claim 1, characterized in that: The meat quality analysis data is obtained by analyzing the edible parts of crayfish to determine the meat content rate of their meat. The evaluation of the meat content is comprehensively evaluated using the following multi-trait selection model formula: Among them, SI represents the multi-trait selection index, and w1 and w2 are the weights of the growth rate and meat quality content respectively, represents the standardized value of the individual growth rate relative to the population average growth rate, represents the standardized value of the individual meat quality content relative to the population average meat quality content, and are the average growth rate and meat quality content of the population respectively.

5. A breeding method for a crayfish strain with rapid growth and high meat content according to claim 1, characterized in that: The population genetic improvement method is optimized through genotype-assisted selection. The genotype-assisted selection accelerates the breeding process and stably transmits excellent genes by selecting gene markers related to fast growth and high meat quality.

6. A method for breeding a crayfish strain with rapid growth and high meat content according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-generation selection and backcrossing in S4 are carried out through the following steps: S4.1 Select individuals with fast growth and high meat quality in the initial population for mating; S4.2 Conduct generation-by-generation selection on the offspring of the initial population, and select the individuals with the best performance in each generation for mating, and finally cultivate a stable excellent strain.

7. A breeding method for a crayfish strain with rapid growth and high meat content according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aquaculture management measures include: Fine control of stocking density: The number of crayfish in each square meter of the aquaculture pond does not exceed 50; Aquaculture environment management: Regularly clean the aquaculture environment, regularly conduct health checks on crayfish, and isolate the sick.

Images