Ecological fermented feed and preparation process thereof

Abstract

The ecological fermented feed is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: fine corn straw powder, fine bran, calcium carbonate, guniting corn bran, cottonseed meal, molasses, brown granulated sugar, a saccharomycetes culture, a bacillus subtillis mixture, liquid lactobacillus, normal water and the like. The preparation process comprises the steps of raw material pretreatment, strain activation, bacillus subtillis expanding culture, fermentation base material mixing, bagging fermentation, segmented temperature control fermentation and the like. After fermentation, the crude protein content of the feed is increased to 12-16%, the cellulose degradation rate is larger than or equal to 40%, the lactic acid content is larger than or equal to 3.5%, the pH value is appropriate, and the aflatoxin B1 content is smaller than 5 micrograms per kilogram. The feed disclosed by the invention is high in nutritional value and good in digestibility; the average daily gain of cattle and sheep, the feed conversion rate and the milk yield can be remarkably improved, diseases such as forestomach atony and rumen bloating are effectively prevented, high-quality products are provided for cattle and sheep breeding, and breeding benefits and animal product quality are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of feeds, specifically an ecological fermented feed and its preparation process, and is particularly suitable for the breeding of ruminants such as cattle and sheep. Background Art

[0002] In today's livestock industry, the breeding of ruminants occupies an important position. The feed quality of ruminants such as cattle and sheep is directly related to their growth performance, health status, and breeding efficiency. Traditional feeds have many problems, which restrict the sustainable development of the breeding industry.

[0003] On the one hand, the nutritional components of conventional feeds are difficult to fully meet the growth and production needs of ruminants. For example, when common feed raw materials are not specially treated, their crude protein content is relatively low, generally about 5-7%. For cattle and sheep in the rapid growth stage, such a crude protein level cannot provide enough nitrogen source for muscle growth and tissue repair, resulting in slow animal growth, extended breeding cycles, and increased breeding costs.

[0004] On the other hand, the digestion and utilization rate of feeds is not high. Although ruminants have a unique rumen microbial fermentation system, if macromolecular substances such as cellulose in the feed cannot be effectively degraded, it is difficult for animals to fully digest and absorb them. A large amount of undigested nutrients are excreted with feces, not only causing waste of resources but also polluting the environment.

[0005] In addition, traditional feeds have limited ability to prevent diseases in ruminants. Common diseases in cattle and sheep such as anterior gastric relaxation and ruminal tympany seriously affect the health and production performance of animals. Anterior gastric relaxation can lead to digestive dysfunction and decreased feed intake in ruminants; ruminal tympany may cause acute death, bringing huge economic losses to farmers.

[0006] Moreover, with the fluctuations in the prices of feed raw materials such as corn, it is difficult to stably control breeding costs. Finding a feed that can partially replace corn and ensure the healthy growth of cattle and sheep has become an urgent need in the industry. Therefore, developing an ecological fermented feed with rich nutrition, high digestibility, disease prevention ability, and controllable cost has important practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to solve the above technical problems and provides an ecological fermented feed and its preparation process.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: An ecological fermented feed, comprising the following components by weight percentage:

[0009] Fine powder corn straw 15 - 25%, fine wheat bran 10 - 20%, calcium carbonate 2 - 6%, corn gluten feed 10 - 15%, cottonseed meal 6 - 10%, molasses 5 - 10%, brown sugar 1 - 5%, yeast culture 0.1 - 0.5%, Bacillus subtilis mixture 0.1 - 0.6%, liquid Lactobacillus 0.1 - 0.5%, the balance being normal water;

[0010] Among them, the particle size of the fine powder corn straw is 80 - 200 mesh, the viable count of the Bacillus subtilis mixture is 1×10 9 -5×10 9 CFU / g, and the viable count of the Lactobacillus is 2×10 8 -8×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0011] Furthermore, by weight, it includes the following components: fine powder corn straw 20%, fine wheat bran 15%, stone powder (calcium carbonate) 4%, corn gluten feed 12%, cottonseed meal 8%, molasses 7%, brown sugar 3%, yeast culture 0.3%, Bacillus subtilis mixture 0.4%, Lactobacillus (liquid) 0.3%, normal water 30%.

[0012] Furthermore, corn 10 - 15%, fine wheat bran 10 - 20%, calcium carbonate 2 - 6%, corn gluten feed 10 - 15%, cottonseed meal 6 - 10%, molasses 5 - 10%, brown sugar 1 - 5%, yeast culture 0.1 - 0.5%, Bacillus subtilis mixture 0.1 - 0.6%, liquid Lactobacillus 0.1 - 0.5%, the balance being normal water.

[0013] Furthermore, the purity of the brown sugar ≥ 95%, and its addition amount is 2.5 - 4.5%; the mass ratio of the yeast culture to the Bacillus subtilis mixture is 1:1.2 - 1:1.8.

[0014] Furthermore, it also contains 0.05 - 0.2% of a compound enzyme preparation, and the compound enzyme preparation is composed of cellulase, xylanase and β - glucanase according to a mass ratio of 3:2:1.

[0015] A preparation process of an ecological fermented feed, including the following steps:

[0016] S1: Raw material pretreatment: Crush corn straw, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed and fine wheat bran to 80 - 120 mesh and then mix them;

[0017] S2: Strain activation: Mix yeast, brown sugar, glucose, molasses and fine wheat bran according to a mass ratio of 1:2 - 4:0.5 - 1:3 - 5:10, add 25 - 35% normal water, and perform constant - temperature propagation at 12 - 18°C for 10 - 15 days;

[0018] S3: The Bacillus subtilis is cultured by the solid-state expansion culture method at a humidity of 40 - 60% and a temperature of 28 - 32°C for 48 - 72 hours;

[0019] S4: Mix the fermentation base material: Mix the raw materials in step S1, the activated bacterial liquid in step S2, the Bacillus subtilis in step S3, and the liquid Lactobacillus in a blender at 200 - 400 rpm for 10 - 20 minutes;

[0020] S5: Bagging fermentation: Fill the mixture into a sterile fermentation bag with breathing holes having a pore diameter of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and a density of 3 - 5 holes / cm 2 After heat-sealing, put it into a polyethylene outer protective bag;

[0021] S6: Stepwise temperature-controlled fermentation: Maintain aerobic fermentation at 18 - 25°C for the first 3 days, and adjust to anaerobic fermentation at 15 - 20°C for the next 4 days;

[0022] Further, in step S6, the oxygen concentration in the fermentation bag is controlled at 5 - 15% in the first 3 days and reduced to less than 0.5% in the next 4 days; after fermentation is completed, the crude protein content is increased to 12 - 16%, and the pH value is 3.8 - 4.5.

[0023] Further, in step S4, the blender is a double-shaft countercurrent mixer, and the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity is ≤5%.

[0024] Further, the material of the fermentation bag is polypropylene or polyethylene composite film, with a thickness of 0.1 - 0.3 mm and an oxygen permeability of 500 - 800 cm 3 / (m 2 ·24h·atm).

[0025] Further, the lactic acid content in the fermentation product is ≥3.5%, the cellulose degradation rate is ≥40%, and the content of aflatoxin B1 is <5 μg / kg.

[0026] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0027] 1. Through specific raw material ratios and fermentation processes, the crude protein content of the feed is increased from 5 - 7% before fermentation to 12 - 16%, which can provide more sufficient protein nutrition for ruminants such as cattle and sheep, meet their growth and production needs, promote animal growth and development, and improve breeding efficiency.

[0028] 2. On the one hand, the raw materials are crushed, increasing the specific surface area, which is conducive to the action of microorganisms and enzymes; on the other hand, during the fermentation process, microorganisms and composite enzyme preparations degrade macromolecular substances such as cellulose, and the cellulose degradation rate is ≥40%, making the feed more easily digested and absorbed by ruminants, reducing the waste of nutrients, and reducing the breeding cost.

[0029] 3. The fermented feed contains abundant beneficial microorganisms such as yeast, Bacillus subtilis, and Lactobacillus. These microorganisms can regulate the intestinal microecological balance in the animal intestine and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. At the same time, organic acids such as lactic acid produced during the feed fermentation process can reduce the pH value of the gastrointestinal tract and further inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria.

[0030] 4. This ecological fermented feed can replace 10 - 15% of corn in the feeding of cattle and sheep. In the case of fluctuating corn prices, it can stabilize the breeding cost and improve the economic benefits of breeding. At the same time, it reduces the dependence on grain raw materials such as corn and is conducive to alleviating the tense situation of grain resources.

[0031] 5. The fermentation process is strictly controlled, making the content of aflatoxin B1 in the fermentation product < 5 μg / kg, far lower than the national standard, ensuring the safety of the feed. In addition, the improvement of feed digestibility reduces the discharge of undigested nutrients in feces and reduces environmental pollution, meeting the requirements of sustainable development. Specific Embodiments

[0032] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0033] I. Working Principle of the Present Invention:

[0034] 1.1 Composition of the Ecological Fermented Feed

[0035] The ecological fermented feed of the present invention comprises the following components by weight percentage: fine powder corn straw 15 - 25%, fine wheat bran 10 - 20%, calcium carbonate 2 - 6%, corn gluten feed 10 - 15%, cottonseed meal 6 - 10%, molasses 5 - 10%, brown sugar 1 - 5%, yeast culture 0.1 - 0.5%, Bacillus subtilis mixture 0.1 - 0.6%, liquid Lactobacillus 0.1 - 0.5%, and the balance is normal water.

[0036] Among them, the particle size of the fine powder corn straw is 80 - 200 mesh. This specific particle size range helps to increase the contact area of the straw during the fermentation process, facilitating the attachment and decomposition of microorganisms. The viable count of the Bacillus subtilis mixture is 1×10 9 -5×10 9 CFU / g, and the viable count of Lactobacillus is 2×10 8 -8×10 8 CFU / mL. The appropriate viable count ensures the activity and fermentation effect of microorganisms during the fermentation process.

[0037] The preferred embodiment comprises the following components by weight: 20% of fine corn straw, 15% of fine wheat bran, 4% of stone powder (calcium carbonate), 12% of corn gluten feed, 8% of cottonseed meal, 7% of molasses, 3% of brown sugar, 0.3% of yeast culture, 0.4% of Bacillus subtilis mixture, 0.3% of Lactobacillus (liquid), and 30% of normal water.

[0038] In some embodiments, 10 - 15% of corn can also be included to further adjust the nutritional structure of the feed. At the same time, the purity of the brown sugar ≥ 95%, and its addition amount is 2.5 - 4.5%; the mass ratio of the yeast culture to the Bacillus subtilis mixture is 1:1.2 - 1:1.8, and such a proportional relationship optimizes the synergistic effect between microorganisms.

[0039] In addition, 0.05 - 0.2% of a compound enzyme preparation can be added, and this compound enzyme preparation is composed of cellulase, xylanase, and β - glucanase in a mass ratio of 3:2:1. These enzymes can assist microorganisms in decomposing feed raw materials and improve the digestibility of the feed.

[0040] 1.2 Preparation process of ecological fermentation feed

[0041] Raw material pretreatment: Corn straw, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed, and fine wheat bran are crushed to 80 - 120 meshes and then mixed. The crushing treatment increases the specific surface area of the raw materials, which is beneficial to the release of nutrients and the action of microorganisms during the subsequent microbial fermentation process.

[0042] Strain activation: Yeast, brown sugar, glucose, molasses, and fine wheat bran are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2 - 4:0.5 - 1:3 - 5:10, 25 - 35% of normal water is added, and it is incubated at a constant temperature of 12 - 18 °C for 10 - 15 days. During this process, yeast multiplies in large numbers under suitable temperature and nutritional conditions, providing sufficient active strains for the subsequent fermentation.

[0043] Bacillus subtilis amplification culture: Bacillus subtilis adopts the solid - state amplification culture method and is cultured at a humidity of 40 - 60% and a temperature of 28 - 32 °C for 48 - 72 hours. Such temperature and humidity conditions are suitable for the growth and reproduction of Bacillus subtilis, enabling it to reach a sufficient number of viable bacteria.

[0044] Mixing fermentation substrate: The pretreated raw materials, the activated bacterial liquid, the amplified - cultured Bacillus subtilis, and liquid Lactobacillus are mixed in a blender at 200 - 400 rpm for 10 - 20 minutes. The preferred blender is a double - shaft counter - current mixer, and its coefficient of variation of mixing uniformity ≤ 5%, ensuring that various raw materials and strains can be fully and evenly mixed, laying a good foundation for the subsequent fermentation process.

[0045] Bagging fermentation: The mixture is filled into bags with a pore diameter of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and a density of 3 - 5 holes / cm2 An aseptic fermentation bag with breathing holes is heat-sealed and then put into a polyethylene outer protection bag. The material of the fermentation bag is polypropylene or polyethylene composite film, with a thickness of 0.1 - 0.3 mm and an oxygen permeability of 500 - 800 cm 3 / (m 2 ·24h·atm). The design of the breathing holes, specific membrane material and oxygen permeability can not only ensure the oxygen supply for aerobic microorganisms in the initial stage of fermentation, but also realize the transformation of the anaerobic fermentation environment in the later stage.

[0046] Stepwise temperature-controlled fermentation: Maintain aerobic fermentation at 18 - 25 °C for the first 3 days. At this time, aerobic microorganisms such as yeast multiply in large numbers, consume oxygen and produce metabolic products such as carbon dioxide. The oxygen concentration in the fermentation bag is controlled at 5 - 15% in the first 3 days, providing a suitable living environment for aerobic microorganisms. Adjust to anaerobic fermentation at 15 - 20 °C for the next 4 days. As oxygen is consumed, anaerobic microorganisms such as Lactobacillus start to play a major role. At this time, the oxygen concentration drops below 0.5%, and Lactobacillus multiplies in large numbers and produces organic acids such as lactic acid. After fermentation is completed, the crude protein content increases to 12 - 16%, and the pH value is 3.8 - 4.5. The lactic acid content in the fermentation product is ≥3.5%, the cellulose degradation rate is ≥40%, and the content of aflatoxin B1 is <5 μg / kg.

[0047] II. Embodiment:

[0048] 2.1 Example 1

[0049] Feed preparation

[0050] Raw material preparation: Prepare 200 kg of fine powder corn straw (particle size 100 mesh), 150 kg of fine wheat bran, 40 kg of calcium carbonate, 120 kg of spouted corn skin, 80 kg of cottonseed meal, 70 kg of molasses, 30 kg of red sugar with a purity of 98%, 3 kg of yeast culture, 4 kg of Bacillus subtilis mixture (viable count 3×10 9 CFU / g), 3 kg of liquid Lactobacillus (viable count 5×10 8 CFU / mL), and 300 kg of normal water.

[0051] Raw material pretreatment: After crushing corn straw, cottonseed meal, spouted corn skin and fine wheat bran to 100 mesh according to requirements, mix them evenly in a blender.

[0052] Strain activation: Weigh the corresponding raw materials according to the mass ratio of yeast:red sugar:glucose:molasses:fine wheat bran = 1:3:0.8:4:10, add 30% normal water, and carry out constant temperature propagation at 15 °C for 12 days.

[0053] Bacillus subtilis expansion culture: Adopt solid-state expansion culture method, and culture at a humidity of 50% and a temperature of 30 °C for 60 hours.

[0054] Mixed fermentation substrate: The pretreated raw materials, the activated bacterial liquid, the expanded Bacillus subtilis, and the liquid Lactobacillus were mixed in a double-shaft countercurrent mixer at 300 rpm for 15 minutes.

[0055] Bagging fermentation: The mixed materials were filled into a sterile fermentation bag with a pore diameter of 1 mm and a density of 4 pores / cm 2 breathing holes (the material is a polypropylene composite film with a thickness of 0.2 mm and an oxygen permeability of 650 cm 3 / (m 2 ·24h·atm)), heat-sealed and then put into a polyethylene outer protection bag.

[0056] Staged temperature-controlled fermentation: Maintain aerobic fermentation at 22 °C for the first 3 days, and control the oxygen concentration in the fermentation bag at 10%; adjust to anaerobic fermentation at 18 °C for the next 4 days to reduce the oxygen concentration to less than 0.3%.

[0057] Test results: After fermentation was completed, the feed was tested. The crude protein content was 14%, the pH value was 4.2, the lactic acid content was 4%, the cellulose degradation rate was 45%, and the aflatoxin B1 content was <5 μg / kg.

[0058] Feeding experiment: Select 50 fattening cattle with similar body weights and good health conditions, randomly divide them into two groups, with 25 cattle in each group. The control group was fed with conventional feed, and the experimental group was fed with the ecological fermented feed of the present invention. After two months of feeding experiment, the average daily weight gain of the cattle in the experimental group increased by 15% compared with the control group, and no diseases such as anterior gastric relaxation and ruminal tympany occurred, while 3 cattle in the control group showed mild symptoms of anterior gastric relaxation.

[0059] 2.2 Example 2

[0060] Feed preparation

[0061] Raw material preparation: Prepare 180 kg of fine powder corn straw (particle size 80 mesh), 180 kg of fine wheat bran, 50 kg of calcium carbonate, 130 kg of sprayed corn husk, 90 kg of cottonseed meal, 80 kg of molasses, 40 kg of brown sugar with a purity of 96%, 4 kg of yeast culture, 5 kg of Bacillus subtilis mixture (the viable count is 4×10 9 CFU / g), 4 kg of liquid Lactobacillus (the viable count is 6×10 8 CFU / mL), 280 kg of normal water, and at the same time add 1 kg of a compound enzyme preparation (composed of cellulase, xylanase and β-glucanase in a mass ratio of 3:2:1).

[0062] Raw material pretreatment: The corn straw, cottonseed meal, sprayed corn husk and fine wheat bran were pulverized to 80 mesh and then mixed.

[0063] Activation of bacterial strains: According to the mass ratio of yeast: brown sugar: glucose: molasses: fine wheat bran = 1:2.5:0.6:3.5:10, add 28% normal water and carry out constant-temperature propagation at 13°C for 13 days.

[0064] Expansion culture of Bacillus subtilis: Culture at a humidity of 45% and a temperature of 29°C for 50 hours.

[0065] Mixed fermentation substrate: Mix in a double-shaft countercurrent mixer at 250 rpm for 18 minutes.

[0066] Bagging fermentation: Fill into a sterile fermentation bag with a pore diameter of 0.8 mm and a density of 3.5 holes / cm 2 Respiration holes (the material is polyethylene composite film, with a thickness of 0.15 mm and an oxygen permeability of 550 cm 3 / (m 2 ·24h·atm)), and after heat-sealing, put it into a polyethylene outer protective bag.

[0067] Stepwise temperature-controlled fermentation: Maintain aerobic fermentation at 20°C for the first 3 days, and control the oxygen concentration at 8%; adjust to anaerobic fermentation at 16°C for the next 4 days, and reduce the oxygen concentration to less than 0.2%.

[0068] Test results: After fermentation is completed, the crude protein content reaches 15%, the pH value is 4.0, the lactic acid content is 3.8%, the cellulose degradation rate is 43%, and the aflatoxin B1 content < 5 μg / kg.

[0069] Feeding test: Select 60 healthy sheep and randomly divide them into two groups. The experimental group is fed the ecological fermented feed of the present invention, and the control group is fed the traditional feed. After one and a half months of feeding, the hair of the sheep in the experimental group is brighter, the body condition is good, and the feed intake is stable. Compared with the control group, the feed conversion rate of the sheep in the experimental group is increased by 12%, and no digestive system diseases occur.

[0070] 2.3 Example Three

[0071] Feed preparation

[0072] Raw material preparation: Prepare 220 kg of fine powder corn straw (particle size 150 mesh), 120 kg of fine wheat bran, 30 kg of calcium carbonate, 140 kg of sprayed corn skin, 70 kg of cottonseed meal, 60 kg of molasses, 25 kg of brown sugar with a purity of 97%, 2 kg of yeast culture, 3 kg of Bacillus subtilis mixture (viable count 2×10 9 CFU / g), 2 kg of liquid Lactobacillus (viable count 4×10 8 CFU / mL), 310 kg of normal water, and 0.8 kg of compound enzyme preparation (composed of cellulase, xylanase and β-glucanase according to the mass ratio of 3:2:1).

[0073] Raw material pretreatment: Corn straw, cottonseed meal, corn bran with spray and fine wheat bran are crushed to 120 mesh and then mixed.

[0074] Strain activation: According to the mass ratio of yeast: brown sugar: glucose: molasses: fine wheat bran = 1:3.5:0.7:4.5:10, add 32% normal water, and carry out constant temperature propagation at 16°C for 14 days.

[0075] Bacillus subtilis expansion culture: Cultivate at a humidity of 55% and a temperature of 31°C for 55 hours.

[0076] Mixed fermentation substrate: Mix in a double-shaft countercurrent mixer at 350 rpm for 12 minutes.

[0077] Bagging fermentation: Pack into a sterile fermentation bag with a pore diameter of 1.2 mm and a density of 4.5 holes / cm 2 Respiration holes (the material is polypropylene composite film, thickness 0.25 mm, oxygen permeability is 700 cm 3 / (m 2 ·24h·atm)), after heat sealing, put it into a polyethylene outer protection bag.

[0078] Segmented temperature-controlled fermentation: Maintain aerobic fermentation at 23°C for the first 3 days, and control the oxygen concentration at 12%; adjust to anaerobic fermentation at 17°C for the next 4 days, and reduce the oxygen concentration to less than 0.4%.

[0079] Test results: After fermentation is completed, the crude protein content is 13.5%, the pH value is 4.3, the lactic acid content is 3.6%, the cellulose degradation rate is 42%, and the aflatoxin B1 content < 5 μg / kg.

[0080] Feeding experiment: Select 40 healthy dairy cows and randomly divide them into two groups. The experimental group is fed the ecological fermented feed of the present invention, and the control group is fed conventional feed. After three months of feeding, the milk production of the dairy cows in the experimental group increased by 10% compared with the control group, and the milk quality improved, and the milk protein content increased. At the same time, the dairy cows in the experimental group did not show diseases such as anterior gastric relaxation and ruminal tympany, while 2 dairy cows in the control group showed symptoms of ruminal tympany.

[0081] 2.4 Comparative example 1

[0082] Feed preparation: Use the same raw materials as in Example 1, but without fermentation treatment. Directly mix 200 kg of fine powder corn straw (particle size 100 mesh), 150 kg of fine wheat bran, 40 kg of calcium carbonate, 120 kg of corn bran with spray, 80 kg of cottonseed meal, 70 kg of molasses, 30 kg of brown sugar with a purity of 98%, and 300 kg of normal water evenly.

[0083] Test results: The crude protein content of the mixed feed is 6%. Without undergoing the fermentation process, no lactic acid is produced, the cellulose degradation rate is almost 0, and although the aflatoxin B1 content is <5 μg / kg, the overall nutritional value of the feed is low.

[0084] Feeding test: Select 30 fattening cattle with similar body weights and good health conditions, and feed them with this unfermented feed. After two months of feeding, the average daily weight gain of the cattle is significantly lower than that of the experimental group cattle in Example 1, and 5 cattle show symptoms of anterior gastric atony, and the feed intake is also unstable.

[0085] 2.5 Comparative Example 2

[0086] Feed preparation: Adopt a fermentation process similar to that in Example 1, but adjust the strain ratio. Increase the yeast culture to 5 kg and reduce the Bacillus subtilis mixture to 2 kg. Other raw materials and processing steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0087] Test results: After fermentation is completed, the crude protein content is 11%, the pH value is 4.8, the lactic acid content is 3%, the cellulose degradation rate is 35%, and the aflatoxin B1 content is <5 μg / kg. None of the indicators reach the level of Example 1.

[0088] Feeding test: Select 30 healthy sheep and feed them with the fermented feed after adjusting the strain ratio. After one and a half months of feeding, the growth performance and feed conversion rate of the sheep are not as good as those of the experimental group sheep in Example 2, and 3 sheep have minor digestive problems.

[0089] It can be seen from Examples 1, 2, and 3 that the ecological fermented feed of the present invention has good fermentation effects after being produced according to specific raw material ratios and preparation processes. The crude protein content of the feed is significantly increased, reaching 12-16%, the cellulose degradation rate is ≥40%, the lactic acid content is ≥3.5%, the pH value is appropriate, and the aflatoxin B1 content is <5 μg / kg. In the feeding test, ruminants such as cattle and sheep show good growth performance, increased average daily weight gain, improved feed conversion rate, increased milk production, and effectively prevent diseases such as anterior gastric atony and rumen tympany.

[0090] The above describes the present invention and its implementation manners. Such a description is not restrictive. Generally speaking, if those of ordinary skill in the art are inspired by it and without departing from the gist of the present invention, they design similar structural manners and embodiments to this technical solution without creative efforts, which should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological fermented feed, characterized in that: It includes the following components by weight percentage: Fine powder of corn straw 15 - 25%, fine wheat bran 10 - 20%, calcium carbonate 2 - 6%, corn gluten feed 10 - 15%, cottonseed meal 6 - 10%, molasses 5 - 10%, brown sugar 1 - 5%, yeast culture 0.1 - 0.5%, Bacillus subtilis mixture 0.1 - 0.6%, liquid Lactobacillus 0.1 - 0.5%, and the balance is normal water; Among them, the particle size of the fine powder corn straw is 80 - 200 mesh, the viable count of the Bacillus subtilis mixture is 1×10 9 -5×10 9 CFU / g, and the viable count of the Lactobacillus is 2×10 8 -8×10 8 CFU / mL.

2. The ecological fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein: It includes the following components by weight parts: fine powder of corn straw 20%, fine wheat bran 15%, stone powder (calcium carbonate) 4%, corn gluten feed 12%, cottonseed meal 8%, molasses 7%, brown sugar 3%, yeast culture 0.3%, Bacillus subtilis mixture 0.4%, Lactobacillus (liquid) 0.3%, and normal water 30%.

3. The ecological fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Corn 10 - 15%, fine wheat bran 10 - 20%, calcium carbonate 2 - 6%, corn gluten feed 10 - 15%, cottonseed meal 6 - 10%, molasses 5 - 10%, brown sugar 1 - 5%, yeast culture 0.1 - 0.5%, Bacillus subtilis mixture 0.1 - 0.6%, liquid Lactobacillus 0.1 - 0.5%, and the balance is normal water.

4. The ecological fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein: The purity of the brown sugar ≥ 95%, and its addition amount is 2.5 - 4.5%; the mass ratio of the yeast culture to the Bacillus subtilis mixture is 1:1.2 - 1:1.

8.

5. An ecological fermented feed according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: It also contains 0.05 - 0.2% of a complex enzyme preparation, and the complex enzyme preparation is composed of cellulase, xylanase and β - glucanase according to a mass ratio of 3:2:

1.

6. A preparation process of an ecological fermented feed, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1: Raw material pretreatment: Crush corn straw, cottonseed meal, corn gluten feed and fine wheat bran to 80 - 120 meshes and then mix them. S2: Strain activation: Mix yeast, brown sugar, glucose, molasses and fine wheat bran according to a mass ratio of 1:2 - 4:0.5 - 1:3 - 5:10, add 25 - 35% of normal water, and carry out constant - temperature propagation at 12 - 18 °C for 10 - 15 days. S3: The Bacillus subtilis adopts the solid - state expansion culture method and is cultured at a humidity of 40 - 60% and a temperature of 28 - 32 °C for 48 - 72 hours. S4: Mix the fermentation base material: Mix the raw materials in step S1, the activated bacterial liquid in step S2, the Bacillus subtilis in step S3 and the liquid Lactobacillus in a blender at 200 - 400 rpm for 10 - 20 minutes. S5: Bag fermentation: Put the mixture into a sterile fermentation bag with breathing holes having a pore diameter of 0.5 - 1.5 mm and a density of 3 - 5 holes / cm 2 and then heat-seal it and put it into a polyethylene outer protection bag; S6: Segmented temperature - controlled fermentation: Maintain aerobic fermentation at 18 - 25 °C for the first 3 days, and then adjust to anaerobic fermentation at 15 - 20 °C for the next 4 days.

7. The preparation process of an ecological fermented feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step S6, the oxygen concentration in the fermentation bag is controlled at 5 - 15% in the first 3 days and drops below 0.5% in the next 4 days; after fermentation is completed, the crude protein content increases to 12 - 16%, and the pH value is 3.8 - 4.

5.

8. The preparation process of an ecological fermented feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step S4, the blender is a double - shaft counter - current mixer, and the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity ≤ 5%.

9. The preparation process of an ecological fermented feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: The material of the fermentation bag is polypropylene or polyethylene composite film, with a thickness of 0.1 - 0.3 mm and an oxygen transmission rate of 500 - 800 cm 3 / (m 2 ·24h·atm).

10. The preparation process of an ecological fermented feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lactic acid content in the fermentation product ≥ 3.5%, the cellulose degradation rate ≥ 40%, and the content of aflatoxin B1 < 5 μg / kg.