Preparation method of liquid lucid ganoderma feed

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a liquid lucid ganoderma feed. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing an enzyme preparation into an enzyme solution with the mass percent of 0.05%-0.4%; the enzyme solution is subjected to laser irradiation treatment, the wavelength of laser ranges from 200 nm to 800 nm, the power of the laser ranges from 1 W to 10 W, the irradiation treatment time ranges from 2 min to 5 min, and the modified enzyme solution is obtained. And mixing the modified enzyme solution, lucid ganoderma powder, nutrient substances, yeast powder and water according to the mass ratio of (0.02-0.1): (2-5): (60-80): (0.1-0.3): 100. And fermenting the mixed solution at 25-35 DEG C for 3-7 days, and filtering to obtain the liquid lucid ganoderma feed. The preparation method can give full play to the effect of the enzyme preparation, effectively improve the stability of nutritional ingredients in the feed and prolong the shelf life of the feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feeds, and in particular to a preparation method of a liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the aquaculture industry, the requirements for the quality and functionality of feeds are getting higher and higher. As a traditional Chinese medicinal material, Ganoderma lucidum contains various bioactive components such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, proteins, amino acids, etc., and has various effects such as enhancing immunity and regulating body metabolism. Applying Ganoderma lucidum to feeds to make feeds with health care functions can improve the health level and production performance of animals, and has broad application prospects.

[0003] However, there are some problems in the preparation process of Ganoderma lucidum feeds at present. On the one hand, the cell wall structure of Ganoderma lucidum is tough, and the effective components inside are difficult to be fully released, resulting in a low utilization rate of the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum in the feed. On the other hand, the activity and effect of the commonly used enzyme preparations in the feed preparation process have not been fully exerted, affecting the quality of the feed and the stability of the nutritional components. At the same time, the shelf life of the feed is short, which is not conducive to storage and transportation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new preparation method of liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above problems, the present invention provides a preparation method of a liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed. By performing laser irradiation modification treatment on the enzyme solution, the effect of the enzyme preparation is fully exerted, the stability of the nutritional components in the feed is effectively improved, and the shelf life of the feed is prolonged.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A preparation method of a liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed, comprising the following steps: Formulating an enzyme preparation into an enzyme solution with a mass percentage of 0.05%-0.4%; performing laser irradiation treatment on the enzyme solution, the wavelength of the laser is 200-800 nm, the power of the laser is 1-10 W, and the irradiation treatment time is 2-5 min to obtain a modified enzyme solution; Mixing the modified enzyme solution, Ganoderma lucidum powder, nutrients, yeast powder and water in a mass ratio of (0.02-0.1):(2-5):(60-80):(0.1-0.3):100 to obtain a mixed solution; Fermenting the mixed solution at 25-35°C, and then filtering to obtain a liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed.

[0006] Optionally, the enzyme preparation is at least one of cellulase, protease, amylase and pectinase.

[0007] Optionally, the solvent in the enzyme solution is water.

[0008] Optionally, in the enzyme solution, the mass percentage of the enzyme preparation is 0.1% - 0.3%.

[0009] Optionally, the wavelength of the laser is 400 - 600 nm, the power of the laser is 3 - 6 W, and the irradiation time is 3 - 4 min.

[0010] Optionally, the mass ratio of the modified enzyme solution, ganoderma lucidum powder, nutrient, yeast powder, and water is (0.03 - 0.06) : (3 - 4) : (70 - 75) : (0.2 - 0.25) : 100 Optionally, the particle size of the ganoderma lucidum powder is 20 - 40 μm.

[0011] Optionally, the fermentation time is 3 - 7 days.

[0012] Optionally, the nutrient is at least one of fruits and vegetables.

[0013] Optionally, the nutrient is at least one of apples, carrots, and spinach.

[0014] Beneficial effects In the present invention, by subjecting the enzyme solution to laser irradiation modification treatment, the structure and activity of enzyme molecules are changed, the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme preparation is improved, the ganoderma lucidum cell wall can be decomposed more effectively, the release of active ingredients of ganoderma lucidum is promoted, and the utilization rate of active ingredients of ganoderma lucidum in the feed is improved.

[0015] Furthermore, in the preparation method of the present invention, the reasonable ratio of each raw material and the specific fermentation conditions enable the nutritional components in the feed to interact synergistically, effectively improving the stability of the nutritional components in the feed and reducing the loss of nutritional components during storage.

[0016] Furthermore, the liquid ganoderma lucidum feed prepared by the present invention, due to the stable nutritional components and containing various active ingredients with antibacterial effects, extends the shelf life of the feed, which is beneficial to the storage and transportation of the feed. Detailed implementation manners

[0017] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed, comprising the following steps: preparing an enzyme solution with a mass percentage of 0.05%-0.4% from an enzyme preparation; performing laser irradiation treatment on the enzyme solution, with the wavelength of the laser being 200-800 nm, the power of the laser being 1-10 W, and the irradiation treatment time being 2-5 min, to obtain a modified enzyme solution. Mixing the modified enzyme solution, Ganoderma lucidum powder, nutrients, yeast powder, and water in a mass ratio of (0.02-0.1):(2-5):(60-80):(0.1-0.3):100 to obtain a mixture. Fermenting the mixture at 25-35 °C, and then filtering to obtain the liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed.

[0018] In the above embodiment, by performing laser irradiation modification treatment on the enzyme solution, the structure and activity of enzyme molecules are changed, the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme preparation is improved, the Ganoderma lucidum cell wall can be decomposed more effectively, the release of effective components of Ganoderma lucidum is promoted, and the utilization rate of effective components of Ganoderma lucidum in the feed is improved.

[0019] Specifically, the core step of the method for preparing the liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed is to prepare an enzyme solution with a specific concentration from the enzyme preparation to provide a suitable catalytic environment for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis reactions. Performing laser irradiation treatment on the enzyme solution can change the conformation of enzyme molecules, enhance the activity and stability of the enzyme, decompose the Ganoderma lucidum cell wall more efficiently, and promote the release of effective components such as Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and triterpenoids. The modified enzyme solution, Ganoderma lucidum powder, nutrients, yeast powder, and water are mixed in a specific mass ratio and fermented at a suitable temperature to ensure that the fermentation process is sufficient and stable, enabling the nutritional components of the feed to synergistically cooperate with each other, and finally obtaining a liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed with rich nutrition, excellent quality, and an extended shelf life, effectively solving the problems of low utilization rate of effective components, unstable nutrition, and short shelf life existing in the existing Ganoderma lucidum feed.

[0020] Furthermore, the reasonable ratio of each raw material and the specific fermentation conditions in the preparation method of the present invention enable the nutritional components in the feed to synergistically act with each other, effectively improving the stability of the nutritional components in the feed and reducing the loss of nutritional components during storage.

[0021] Furthermore, the liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed prepared by the present invention has a stable nutritional composition and contains various active components with antibacterial effects, which extends the shelf life of the feed and is beneficial to the storage and transportation of the feed.

[0022] Optionally, the enzyme preparation is at least one of cellulase, protease, amylase, and pectinase. Cellulase and pectinase can decompose the cellulose and pectin components in the Ganoderma lucidum cell wall and open the cell wall structure. Protease and amylase can act on the protein and starch substances in Ganoderma lucidum respectively to decompose them into small molecule substances.

[0023] Furthermore, the enzyme preparation is a mixture of cellulase, protease, amylase, and pectinase. The synergistic action of multiple enzymes decomposes Ganoderma lucidum from multiple perspectives. Compared with the use of a single enzyme or a few enzymes, it can release the active ingredients in Ganoderma lucidum more comprehensively and thoroughly, further increase the content and utilization rate of the active ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum in the feed, and enhance the health care effect and nutritional value of the feed.

[0024] Optionally, the solvent in the enzyme solution is water. Water is a common, safe, and inexpensive solvent, which is widely used in the feed preparation process. It can dissolve the enzyme preparation to form a uniform enzyme solution, and at the same time, it is also convenient for subsequent mixing with components such as Ganoderma lucidum powder, nutrients, and yeast powder for operations such as fermentation, meeting the actual needs and technological characteristics of feed production.

[0025] Optionally, in the enzyme solution, the mass percentage of the enzyme preparation can be 0.05%, 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, etc. Further, in the enzyme solution, the mass percentage of the enzyme preparation is 0.1% - 0.3%.

[0026] Optionally, the wavelength of the laser can be 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, etc. The power of the laser can be 1W, 2W, 5W, 8W, 10W, etc. The irradiation treatment time can be 2min, 3min, 4min, 5min, etc.

[0027] Optionally, the wavelength of the laser is 400 - 600nm, the power of the laser is 3 - 6W, and the irradiation treatment time is 3 - 4min. Under these conditions, the interaction effect between the laser and the enzyme solution is better. It can effectively change the enzyme molecular structure and active center while avoiding irreversible damage to the enzyme due to excessive laser energy or too long irradiation time. This optimized parameter can significantly improve the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme, thus promoting the release of the active ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum more precisely and efficiently in the feed preparation process, further enhancing the stability and quality of the feed, and ensuring the stability and effectiveness of the nutritional components during the storage and use of the feed.

[0028] Optionally, the mass ratio of the modified enzyme solution, Ganoderma lucidum powder, nutrients, yeast powder, and water is (0.03 - 0.06):(3 - 4):(70 - 75):(0.2 - 0.25):100. Further, the mass ratio of the modified enzyme solution, Ganoderma lucidum powder, nutrients, yeast powder, and water can be 0.03:3:70:0.2:100, 0.05:3:70:0.2:100, etc.

[0029] Optionally, the particle size of the Ganoderma lucidum powder is 20 - 40 μm. Crushing Ganoderma lucidum to a particle size of 20 - 40 μm can significantly increase the contact area with the enzyme solution and enhance the dissolution efficiency of the active ingredients. Optionally, the particle size of the Ganoderma lucidum powder is 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, etc.

[0030] Optionally, the fermentation time is 3 - 7 days. For example, the fermentation time can be 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, etc.

[0031] Control the fermentation temperature of the mixed liquid at 25 - 35 °C and set the fermentation time to 3 - 7 days. Within this temperature and time range, microorganisms such as yeast can reproduce rapidly and produce abundant beneficial metabolites, such as amino acids, vitamins, enzymes, etc. These metabolites interact with the active ingredients in Ganoderma lucidum and the nutritional substances in fruits and vegetables, further enhancing the nutritional value and functionality of the feed. At the same time, appropriate fermentation conditions help maintain the stability of the nutritional components in the feed, reduce the loss and degradation of nutritional components during fermentation, ensure that the feed has a high nutritional retention rate and a long shelf life after fermentation, and make the feed more advantageous in practical applications.

[0032] Optionally, the fermentation temperature can be 25 °C, 28 °C, 30 °C, 32 °C, 35 °C, etc.

[0033] Optionally, the nutrient is at least one of fruits and vegetables.

[0034] Optionally, the nutrient is at least one of apples, carrots, and spinach. Apples are rich in pectin and various organic acids, which help regulate the taste and pH value of the feed and have a certain antioxidant effect. Carrots contain abundant β - carotene, which can be converted into vitamin A in animals and is of great significance for the development of animal vision and immune system. Spinach contains a large amount of iron elements and vitamin K, which can supplement the trace elements required by animals and promote animal metabolism. They act synergistically with raw materials such as Ganoderma lucidum powder and modified enzyme solution, not only providing comprehensive and balanced nutrition for animals, but also enhancing the palatability of the feed, increasing the feed intake of animals, and thus improving the application effect of the feed.

[0035] Example 1 In this example, the preparation method of the feed is as follows: S101: Preparation of enzyme solution: Weigh cellulase, protease, amylase, and pectinase, mix them in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, and use water as a solvent to prepare an enzyme solution with a mass percentage of 0.05%.

[0036] S102: Modification of enzyme solution: Use a laser with a wavelength of 200 nm and a power of 1 W to irradiate the enzyme solution for 5 min to obtain a modified enzyme solution.

[0037] S103: Ganoderma lucidum crushing: Crush Ganoderma lucidum to obtain Ganoderma lucidum powder with a particle size of 20 μm.

[0038] S104: Raw material mixing: Weigh the modified enzyme solution, Ganoderma lucidum powder, nutrients, yeast powder, and water, and mix them in a mass ratio of 0.02:2:60:0.1:100 to obtain a mixed solution. Among them, the nutrients are apples, carrots, and spinach with a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0039] S105: Fermentation and filtration: Ferment the mixed solution at 25 °C for 7 days, and then filter it to obtain liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed.

[0040] Example 2 In this example, the preparation method of the feed is as follows: S101: Enzyme solution preparation: Weigh cellulase and protease, and mix them in a mass ratio of 2:1 to prepare an enzyme solution with a mass percentage of 0.4%.

[0041] S102: Enzyme solution modification: Use a laser with a wavelength of 800 nm and a power of 10 W to irradiate the enzyme solution for 2 min to obtain a modified enzyme solution.

[0042] S103: Ganoderma lucidum crushing: Crush Ganoderma lucidum to obtain Ganoderma lucidum powder with a particle size of 40 μm.

[0043] S104: Raw material mixing: Weigh the modified enzyme solution, Ganoderma lucidum powder, nutrients, yeast powder, and water, and mix them in a mass ratio of 0.1:5:80:0.3:100 to obtain a mixed solution. Among them, the nutrients are apples, carrots, and spinach with a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0044] S105: Fermentation and filtration: Ferment the mixed solution at 35 °C for 3 days, and then filter it to obtain liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed.

[0045] Example 3 In this example, the preparation method of the feed is as follows: S101: Enzyme solution preparation: Weigh amylase and pectinase, and mix them in a mass ratio of 3:2 to prepare an enzyme solution with a mass percentage of 0.2%.

[0046] S102: Enzyme solution modification: Use a laser with a wavelength of 500 nm and a power of 5 W to irradiate the enzyme solution for 3 min to obtain a modified enzyme solution.

[0047] S103: Ganoderma lucidum crushing: Crush Ganoderma lucidum to obtain Ganoderma lucidum powder with a particle size of 30 μm.

[0048] S104: Raw material mixing: Weigh the modified enzyme solution, Ganoderma lucidum powder, nutrients, yeast powder, and water, and mix them in a mass ratio of 0.05:3:70:0.2:100 to obtain a mixed solution. Among them, the nutrients are apples, carrots, and spinach with a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0049] S105: Fermentation and filtration: Ferment the mixed solution at 30°C for 5 days, and then filter it to obtain the liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed.

[0050] Comparative Example 1 In this comparative example, the preparation method of the feed is as follows: S101: Enzyme solution preparation: Weigh cellulase, protease, amylase, and pectinase, and mix them in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1. Using water as the solvent, prepare an enzyme solution with a mass percentage of 0.05%.

[0051] S102: Ganoderma lucidum crushing: Crush Ganoderma lucidum to obtain Ganoderma lucidum powder with a particle size of 20 μm.

[0052] S103: Raw material mixing: Weigh the enzyme solution, Ganoderma lucidum powder, nutrients, yeast powder, and water, and mix them in a mass ratio of 0.02:2:60:0.1:100 to obtain a mixed solution. Among them, the nutrients are apples, carrots, and spinach with a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0053] S104: Fermentation and filtration: Ferment the mixed solution at 25°C for 7 days, and then filter it to obtain the liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed.

[0054] Comparative Example 2 In this comparative example, the preparation method of the feed is as follows: S101: Enzyme solution preparation: Weigh cellulase, protease, amylase, and pectinase, and mix them in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1. Using water as the solvent, prepare an enzyme solution with a mass percentage of 0.05%.

[0055] S102: Enzyme solution modification: Use a laser with a wavelength of 200 nm and a power of 1 W to irradiate the enzyme solution for 5 minutes to obtain the modified enzyme solution.

[0056] S103: Ganoderma lucidum crushing: Crush Ganoderma lucidum to obtain Ganoderma lucidum powder with a particle size of 20 μm.

[0057] S104: Raw material mixing: Weigh the modified enzyme solution, Ganoderma lucidum powder, nutrients, yeast powder, and water, and mix them in a mass ratio of 0.01:1:50:0.05:100 to obtain a mixed solution. Among them, the nutrients are apples, carrots, and spinach with a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0058] S105: Fermentation and Filtration: Ferment the mixed solution at 25°C for 7 days, and then filter to obtain liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed.

[0059] Comparative Example 3 In this comparative example, the preparation method of the feed is as follows: S101: Preparation of Enzyme Solution: Weigh cellulase, protease, amylase, and pectinase, mix them in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, use water as a solvent, and prepare an enzyme solution with a mass percentage of 0.05%.

[0060] S102: Modification of Enzyme Solution: Use a laser with a wavelength of 200 nm and a power of 1 W to irradiate the enzyme solution for 5 min to obtain a modified enzyme solution.

[0061] S103: Crushing of Ganoderma lucidum: Crush Ganoderma lucidum to obtain Ganoderma lucidum powder with a particle size of 20 μm.

[0062] S104: Mixing of Raw Materials: Weigh the modified enzyme solution, Ganoderma lucidum powder, nutrients, yeast powder, and water, and mix them in a mass ratio of 0.2:7:80:0.5:100 to obtain a mixed solution. Among them, the nutrients are apples, carrots, and spinach with a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0063] S105: Fermentation and Filtration: Ferment the mixed solution at 25°C for 7 days, and then filter to obtain liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed.

[0064] Test Example Test the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide content (mg / g), nutrient component preservation rate (%), and shelf life (days) of the feeds in the examples and comparative examples. The test results are shown in the following table.

[0065]

[0066] As can be seen from the above table, the indexes of the feeds in Examples 1 - 3 are significantly better than those in Comparative Examples 1 - 3 in terms of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide content, nutrient component preservation rate, and shelf life, indicating that the preparation method in the present invention can obtain liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed with high Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide content, high nutrient component preservation rate, and long shelf life.

[0067] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0068] For those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manners and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Prepare an enzyme solution with the enzyme preparation at a mass percentage of 0.05% - 0.4%; perform laser irradiation treatment on the enzyme solution. The wavelength of the laser is 200 - 800 nm, the power of the laser is 1 - 10 W, and the irradiation time is 2 - 5 min to obtain a modified enzyme solution; Mix the modified enzyme solution, Ganoderma lucidum powder, nutrients, yeast powder, and water in a mass ratio of (0.02 - 0.1):(2 - 5):(60 - 80):(0.1 - 0.3):100 to obtain a mixed solution; Ferment the mixed solution at 25 - 35 °C, and then filter to obtain a liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed.

2. The preparation method of the liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The enzyme preparation is at least one of cellulase, protease, amylase, and pectinase.

3. The preparation method of the liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed according to claim 1, wherein, The solvent in the enzyme solution is water.

4. The preparation method of the liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the enzyme solution, the mass percentage of the enzyme preparation is 0.1% - 0.3%.

5. The preparation method of the liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed according to claim 1, wherein The wavelength of the laser is 400 - 600 nm, the power of the laser is 3 - 6 W, and the irradiation time is 3 - 4 min.

6. The preparation method of the liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the modified enzyme solution, Ganoderma lucidum powder, nutrients, yeast powder, and water is (0.03 - 0.06):(3 - 4):(70 - 75):(0.2 - 0.25):

100.

7. The preparation method of the liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The particle size of the Ganoderma lucidum powder is 20 - 40 μm.

8. The preparation method of the liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The fermentation time is 3 - 7 days.

9. The preparation method of the liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The nutrients are at least one of fruits and vegetables.

10. The preparation method of the liquid Ganoderma lucidum feed according to claim 9, characterized in that, The nutrients are at least one of apples, carrots, and spinach.

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