Premix for improving spawning rate of parent fish of seriola aureovittata
By using premixed materials prepared by Chinese herbal medicine, the problem of low spawning rate of high-body elbows is solved, and the high spawning rate and survival rate of high-body elbows are achieved, which promotes growth, reduces the bait coefficient and improves economic benefits.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510640055.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-08
AI Technical Summary
During the feeding process of high-body elbows, the parent fish has low egg spawning rate, high mortality rate, high feed ratio and low meat production rate, which seriously affects economic benefits.
Chinese herbal medicines such as cinnamon twig, peony, citrus aurantium, Magnolia officinalis, Bupleurum, Coptis chinensis, tangerine peel, astragalus membranaceus are used as raw materials to prepare premixes and add them to high-body oxidized fish compound feed to promote ovarian gonad development, improve egg laying rate, and include vitamin C and zinc sulfate to promote growth and survival.
Significantly improve the spawning rate and survival rate of high-body elves, shorten the breeding cycle, reduce the bait coefficient, and improve economic benefits.
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Figure CN120266929A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of Seriola dumerili breeding, and specifically relates to a premix for improving the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock. Background Art
[0002] Seriola dumerili, also known as yellowtail kingfish, almaco jack, and greater amberjack, belongs to the phylum Chordata, class Osteichthyes, order Perciformes, family Carangidae, and genus Seriola. This fish is a migratory fish living in the deep sea, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters around the world, and is a precious economic fish in the warm-water bottom layer. With its fresh, crispy, refreshing and chewy meat, Seriola dumerili has become an ideal raw material for sashimi. It is expensive, has high economic value, and its meat is plump, tender, nutritious, highly praised by people, and regarded as a top-notch delicacy. At present, the market demand for Seriola dumerili is increasing, and its breeding technology is also constantly improving. Generally, deep-water cages or industrialized high-density breeding models are mainly used. Due to the high requirements for water quality, artificial compound feeds are mostly selected during the breeding process to adapt to high-density breeding.
[0003] With the continuous expansion of the breeding scale of Seriola dumerili, natural bait can no longer meet the breeding needs, and the demand for artificial feeds is also increasing day by day. However, at present, during the process of feeding Seriola dumerili with artificial compound feeds, the full-aged broodstock often shows problems such as malnutrition, low spawning rate, and even no spawning. These Seriola dumerili generally also have a relatively high mortality rate, high feed conversion ratio, low meat production rate, and generally low yield, seriously damaging the economic benefits of farmers. So far, there has been no report on the research of using premix to improve the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili, increase its survival rate and yield. Therefore, developing a premix that can not only improve the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili, but also promote its growth rate, increase its survival rate, and increase its yield is of great significance for the intensive breeding and sustainable development of Seriola dumerili.
[0004] To solve the problem of the low spawning rate of Seriola dumerili during feed feeding, the present invention preferably selects Chinese herbal medicines such as Cinnamomi Ramulus, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Bupleuri Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, and Astragali Radix, which have the effects of promoting ovarian gonad development, antibacterial and bacteriostatic, and are rich in a large amount of vitamins and minerals as raw materials. On the premise of ensuring the improvement of its spawning rate, the palatability problem is fully considered, which can not only improve the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili, but also promote its growth rate and increase its survival rate. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a premix for improving the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock to solve the above deficiencies in the prior art.
[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A premix for improving the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock, which consists of the following components and their mass percentages: 20 - 21% Cinnamon Twig, 20 - 21% White Peony Root, 15 - 16% Immature Bitter Orange, 15 - 16% Magnolia Bark, 8 - 9% Bupleurum Root, 7 - 8% Coptis Rhizome, 5 - 7% Tangerine Peel, 4 - 6% Astragalus Root, Among them, the Cinnamon Twig, White Peony Root, Immature Bitter Orange, and Magnolia Bark are Chinese herbal medicine raw materials with a water content ≤ 8% after drying. The Bupleurum Root and Coptis Rhizome are rhizome herbs dried at 60 - 80°C. The Tangerine Peel is the peel of the citrus genus dried in the shade naturally. The Astragalus Root is a sliced herb passing through a 10 - mesh sieve; The preparation method of the premix includes: separately pulverizing each component until all pass through a 200 - mesh sieve, with the mixing uniformity reaching a relative standard deviation ≤ 3%, and uniformly dispersing it in the Seriola dumerili formulated feed at a weight ratio of 0.1 - 0.2%. The formulated feed has a crude protein content of 38 - 42% and a crude fat content of 8 - 12%.
[0007] Preferably, the mass percentages of both the Cinnamon Twig and the White Peony Root are 21%. The Cinnamon Twig is the dried tender twig of Cinnamomum cassia Presl in the Lauraceae family, and the White Peony Root is the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall in the Ranunculaceae family.
[0008] Preferably, the mass percentages of both the Immature Bitter Orange and the Magnolia Bark are 16%. The Immature Bitter Orange is the dried young fruit of Citrus aurantium L in the Rutaceae family, and the Magnolia Bark is the dried dry bark of Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils in the Magnoliaceae family.
[0009] Preferably, the mass percentage of the Bupleurum Root is 9%, and its source is the dried root of Bupleurum chinense DC in the Apiaceae family; the mass percentage of the Coptis Rhizome is 8%, and its source is the dried rhizome of Coptis chinensis Franch in the Ranunculaceae family.
[0010] Preferably, the mass percentage of the Tangerine Peel is 5 - 6%, and its hesperidin content ≥ 3.5%; the mass percentage of the Astragalus Root is 5 - 6%, and its astragaloside content ≥ 0.05%.
[0011] Preferably, the pulverization process uses an ultrafine pulverizer, controlling the pulverization temperature ≤ 45°C, and the pulverization time is 10 - 15 minutes. When mixing, the components are fed in order from low to high density.
[0012] Preferably, the addition amount of the premix in the Seriola dumerili feed is 0.2%, and the feed feeding frequency is 3 times a day, and the feeding amount is 1 - 2% of the fish body weight.
[0013] Preferably, the usage effects of the premix include: (1) The spawning rate ≥ 80%, which is more than 230% higher than that of the non - added group; (2) The survival rate of broodstock ≥ 97%, which is more than 22% higher than that of the non - added group; (3) The breeding cycle is shortened to within 15 weeks, the final weight reaches 1588 - 1625 g, and the feed conversion ratio is reduced to 1.44 - 1.52.
[0014] Preferably, the premix further contains 0.1 - 0.5% vitamin C and 0.05 - 0.1% zinc sulfate, and the mass ratio of vitamin C to zinc sulfate is (3 - 5) : 1.
[0015] Preferably, it includes the following steps: After weighing Cinnamomum cassia, Paeonia lactiflora, Fructus aurantii immaturus, Magnolia officinalis, Bupleurum chinense, Coptis chinensis, Citrus reticulata Blanco, and Astragalus membranaceus in proportion, they are pulverized by an ultrafine pulverizer until all pass through a 200 - mesh sieve, and then evenly mixed and sealed for packaging.
[0016] In the above technical solution, for a premix for improving the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock provided by the present invention, 1) The present invention uses common Chinese herbal medicines as the main raw materials, which have the characteristics of rich resources, wide raw material sources, and easy availability.
[0017] 2) The Chinese herbal medicines selected in the present invention have no toxic and side effects, no hormones, are not easy to pollute the environment, will not produce residues in fish bodies, are safe to use, simple to operate, low in cost, and suitable for popularization.
[0018] 3) The present invention can not only improve the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock, but also promote its growth rate, improve its survival rate, and increase the yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.
[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the effects of different test feeds on the survival rate and spawning rate of Seriola dumerili provided by an embodiment of a premix for improving the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock of the present invention.
[0021] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the effects of a Seriola dumerili premix provided by an embodiment of a premix for improving the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock of the present invention on the final weight and feed conversion ratio of Seriola dumerili. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0022] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following will further introduce the present invention in detail in conjunction with the drawings.
[0023] Such as Figure 1-2As shown, a premix for improving the spawning rate of Seriola dumerilii broodstock provided by an embodiment of the present invention consists of the following components and their mass percentages: 20 - 21% cinnamon twig, 20 - 21% peony root, 15 - 16% immature bitter orange, 15 - 16% magnolia bark, 8 - 9% bupleurum root, 7 - 8% coptis root, 5 - 7% tangerine peel, 4 - 6% astragalus root, Among them, the cinnamon twig, peony root, immature bitter orange, and magnolia bark are Chinese medicinal material raw materials with a water content ≤ 8% after drying; the bupleurum root and coptis root are rhizome - type medicinal materials dried at 60 - 80°C; the tangerine peel is the naturally air - dried peel of the citrus genus; the astragalus root is a cut slice that passes through a 10 - mesh sieve; The preparation method of the premix includes: separately pulverizing each component until all pass through a 200 - mesh sieve, with the mixing uniformity reaching a relative standard deviation ≤ 3%, and uniformly dispersing it in the Seriola dumerilii formulated feed at a weight ratio of 0.1 - 0.2%. The formulated feed has a crude protein content of 38 - 42% and a crude fat content of 8 - 12%.
[0024] Preferably, the mass percentages of both the cinnamon twig and the peony root are 21%. The cinnamon twig is the dried tender twig of Cinnamomum cassia Presl in the Lauraceae family, and the peony root is the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall in the Ranunculaceae family.
[0025] Preferably, the mass percentages of both the immature bitter orange and the magnolia bark are 16%. The immature bitter orange is the dried young fruit of Citrus aurantium L in the Rutaceae family, and the magnolia bark is the dried dry bark of Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils in the Magnoliaceae family.
[0026] Preferably, the mass percentage of the bupleurum root is 9%, and its source is the dried root of Bupleurum chinense DC in the Apiaceae family; the mass percentage of the coptis root is 8%, and its source is the dried rhizome of Coptis chinensis Franch in the Ranunculaceae family.
[0027] Preferably, the mass percentage of the tangerine peel is 5 - 6%, and its hesperidin content ≥ 3.5%; the mass percentage of the astragalus root is 5 - 6%, and its astragaloside IV content ≥ 0.05%.
[0028] Preferably, the pulverization process uses an ultrafine pulverizer, controlling the pulverization temperature ≤ 45°C, the pulverization time is 10 - 15 minutes, and the components are fed in order from low to high density during mixing.
[0029] Preferably, the addition amount of the premix in the Seriola dumerilii feed is 0.2%, and the feed feeding frequency is 3 times a day, and the feeding amount is 1 - 2% of the fish body weight.
[0030] Preferably, the usage effects of the premix include: (1) The spawning rate ≥ 80%, which is more than 230% higher than the non - added group; (2) The survival rate of broodstock ≥ 97%, which is more than 22% higher than the non - added group; (3) The breeding cycle is shortened to within 15 weeks, the final body weight reaches 1588 - 1625 g, and the feed conversion ratio is reduced to 1.44 - 1.52.
[0031] Preferably, the premix further contains 0.1 - 0.5% of vitamin C and 0.05 - 0.1% of zinc sulfate, and the mass ratio of vitamin C to zinc sulfate is (3 - 5):1.
[0032] Preferably, it includes the following steps: Weigh Cinnamon Twig, White Peony Root, Immature Bitter Orange, Magnolia Bark, Bupleurum Root, Coptis Root, Tangerine Peel, and Astragalus Root in proportion, then pulverize them with an ultrafine pulverizer until all pass through a 200 - mesh sieve, mix evenly, and then seal and package. Example 1
[0033] Weigh 21 kg (21%) of Cinnamon Twig, 21 kg (21%) of White Peony Root, 16 kg (16%) of Immature Bitter Orange, 16 kg (16%) of Magnolia Bark, 8 kg (8%) of Bupleurum Root, 8 kg (7%) of Coptis Root, 5 kg (5%) of Tangerine Peel, and 5 kg (6%) of Astragalus Root. Pulverize them with an ultrafine pulverizer, and all pass through a 200 - mesh sieve. Then mix evenly and add them to the formulated feed for greater amberjack at a ratio of 0.2 wt.%. Example 2
[0034] Weigh 21 kg (21%) of Cinnamon Twig, 21 kg (21%) of White Peony Root, 15 kg (15%) of Immature Bitter Orange, 15 kg (15%) of Magnolia Bark, 9 kg (9%) of Bupleurum Root, 8 kg (8%) of Coptis Root, 6 kg (6%) of Tangerine Peel, and 5 kg (5%) of Astragalus Root. Pulverize them with an ultrafine pulverizer, and all pass through a 200 - mesh sieve. Then mix evenly and add them to the formulated feed for greater amberjack at a ratio of 0.2 wt.%. Example 3
[0035] Weigh 20 kg (20%) of Cinnamon Twig, 20 kg (20%) of White Peony Root, 16 kg (16%) of Immature Bitter Orange, 16 kg (16%) of Magnolia Bark, 9 kg (9%) of Bupleurum Root, 8 kg (8%) of Coptis Root, 6 kg (6%) of Tangerine Peel, and 5 kg (5%) of Astragalus Root. Pulverize them with an ultrafine pulverizer, and all pass through a 200 - mesh sieve. Then mix evenly and add them to the formulated feed for greater amberjack at a ratio of 0.2%. Example 4
[0036] Weigh 20 kg (20%) of Cinnamon Twig, 20 kg (20%) of White Peony Root, 15 kg (15%) of Immature Bitter Orange, 15 kg (15%) of Magnolia Bark, 9 kg (9%) of Bupleurum Root, 8 kg (8%) of Coptis Root, 7 kg (6%) of Tangerine Peel, and 6 kg (5%) of Astragalus Root. Pulverize them with an ultrafine pulverizer, and all pass through a 200 - mesh sieve. Then mix evenly and add them to the formulated feed for greater amberjack at a ratio of 0.2%.
[0037] Comparative example: If comparative tests have been conducted, please provide comparative examples as much as possible, including control tests within the prior art and the proposed solution. 1 Experimental design 1.1 Materials and methods Use the full-price feed with the same basic formula as the test feed. For the control group, feed A does not add this Seriola dumerilii premix. Feed B adds the Seriola dumerilii premix produced in Example 1 of this invention patent at a dose of 0.2%. Feed C adds the Seriola dumerilii premix produced in Example 2 of this invention patent at a dose of 0.2%. Feed D adds the Seriola dumerilii premix produced in Example 3 of this invention patent at a dose of 0.2%. Feed E adds the Seriola dumerilii premix produced in Example 4 of this invention patent at a dose of 0.2%. 1.2 Grouping and feeding of experimental Seriola dumerilii Select healthy and active Seriola dumerilii for the experiment. After 15 days of temporary rearing, randomly divide 1500 Seriola dumerilii with an average weight of 815.3 g into 5 groups, with 300 Seriola dumerilii in each group, set 3 replicates, and 100 Seriola dumerilii in each replicate. Culture them in the same pond with a partitioned net cage, and feed them with the five groups of feeds A, B, C, D, and E described in 1.1. The daily feeding amount is 1 - 2 wt.% of the weight of Seriola dumerilii, and feed three meals a day: 8:00 am; 11:00 am; 5:30 pm. The culture period is 15 weeks. During the culture process, record the number of dead Seriola dumerilii. At the end of the experiment, weigh the Seriola dumerilii and record the number of Seriola dumerilii that can successfully lay eggs.
[0038] 1.3 Statistical analysis of experimental fish records The experimental data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Each index is analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS 18.0 software, and multiple comparisons are made.
[0039] 2 Results and analysis 2.1 Effects of Seriola dumerilii premix on survival rate and infection rate.
[0040] After feeding with different experimental feeds for 15 weeks and ending the experiment, the survival rate and spawning rate results of each group of experimental Seriola dumerilii are shown in Table 1.
[0041]
[0042] Note: Compared by the Duncan method, different lowercase letters ab, etc. in the same column represent significant differences (P < 0.05), and the same uppercase letters AB in the same column represent extremely significant differences (P < 0.01).
[0043] As can be seen from Table 1, in experimental groups B - E with the addition of the Seriola dumerili premix, the survival rate was significantly higher than that of control group A, reaching about 97%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group; the spawning rate of experimental groups B - E was relatively high, reaching over 80%, while the spawning rate of control group A was relatively low, only 24.00%. Thus, it can be known that this Seriola dumerili premix plays an important role in improving the spawning rate and survival rate of Seriola dumerili. At the same time, the experiment further reveals that the reasonable combination of different components is conducive to further improving the spawning effect.
[0044] 2.1 Effects of Seriola dumerili premix on the final body weight and feed coefficient of Seriola dumerili After 16 weeks of feeding different experimental diets, the experiment was ended. The results of the final body weight and feed coefficient of Seriola dumerili in each experimental group are shown in Table 2.
[0045]
[0046] Note: Compared by the Duncan method, different lowercase letters ab, etc. in the same column represent significant differences (P < 0.05), and the same capital letters AB in the same column represent extremely significant differences (P < 0.01).
[0047] It can be concluded from Table 2 that the final body weights of experimental groups B - E with the addition of the Seriola dumerili premix were extremely significantly higher than those of the control group. The average body weight of each Seriola dumerili was about 67 g higher than that of control group A; for the four groups B - E with the addition of the Seriola dumerili premix, the feed coefficient was extremely significantly lower than that of control group A, and the feed coefficient decreased by about 0.2.
[0048] From the above embodiments, it can be known that the premix provided by the present invention is particularly suitable for the breeding of Seriola dumerili. It can not only effectively improve the spawning rate, but also improve the survival rate of Seriola dumerili, promote its growth rate, and the feed coefficient is reduced by about 0.2, having great economic potential.
[0049] Only some exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described by way of illustration above. Undoubtedly, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A premix for improving the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock, characterized in that, It consists of the following components and their mass percentages: Cinnamomum cassia twig 20 - 21%, Paeonia lactiflora 20 - 21%, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 15 - 16%, Magnolia officinalis 15 - 16%, Bupleurum chinense 8 - 9%, Coptis chinensis 7 - 8%, Citrus reticulata Blanco pericarpium 5 - 7%, Astragalus membranaceus 4 - 6%, Among them, the Cinnamomum cassia twig, Paeonia lactiflora, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, and Magnolia officinalis are raw Chinese herbal medicine materials with a water content ≤ 8% after drying. Bupleurum chinense and Coptis chinensis are rhizome herbs dried at 60 - 80°C. Citrus reticulata Blanco pericarpium is the pericarp of the citrus genus dried in the shade naturally. Astragalus membranaceus is the cut piece passing through a 10 - mesh sieve; The preparation method of the premix includes: crushing each component to all pass through a 200 - mesh sieve, with the mixing uniformity reaching a relative standard deviation ≤ 3%, and uniformly dispersing it in the formulated feed for Seriola dumerili at a weight ratio of 0.1 - 0.2%. The formulated feed has a crude protein content of 38 - 42% and a crude fat content of 8 - 12%.
2. A premix for improving the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass percentages of both the Cinnamomum cassia twig and Paeonia lactiflora are 21%. The Cinnamomum cassia twig is the dried tender twig of Cinnamomum cassia in the Lauraceae family, and the Paeonia lactiflora is the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora in the Ranunculaceae family.
3. A premix for improving the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass percentages of both the Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Magnolia officinalis are 16%. The Fructus Aurantii Immaturus is the dried young fruit of Citrus aurantium in the Rutaceae family, and the Magnolia officinalis is the dried dry bark of Magnolia officinalis in the Magnoliaceae family.
4. A premix for improving the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass percentage of Bupleurum chinense is 9%, and its source is the dried root of Bupleurum chinense in the Umbelliferae family; the mass percentage of Coptis chinensis is 8%, and its source is the dried rhizome of Coptis chinensis in the Ranunculaceae family.
5. A premix for increasing the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass percentage of Citrus reticulata Blanco pericarpium is 5 - 6%, and its hesperidin content ≥ 3.5%; the mass percentage of Astragalus membranaceus is 5 - 6%, and its astragaloside IV content ≥ 0.05%.
6. A premix for improving the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The comminution process uses an ultrafine grinder, controlling the comminution temperature ≤ 45°C, with a comminution time of 10 - 15 minutes. When mixing, the components are fed in sequence from low to high density.
7. A premix for improving the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The addition amount of the premix in the feed for Seriola dumerili is 0.2%, and the feeding frequency of the feed is 3 times a day, with the feeding amount being 1 - 2% of the fish body weight.
8. A premix for improving the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The usage effects of the premix include: (1) The spawning rate ≥ 80%, which is more than 230% higher than that of the non - added group; (2) The survival rate of broodstock ≥ 97%, which is more than 22% higher than that of the non - added group; (3) The breeding cycle is shortened to within 15 weeks, the final body weight reaches 1588 - 1625 g, and the feed conversion ratio drops to 1.44 - 1.
52.
9. A premix for improving the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The premix further contains 0.1 - 0.5% of vitamin C and 0.05 - 0.1% of zinc sulfate, and the mass ratio of vitamin C to zinc sulfate is (3 - 5):
1.
10. A premix for improving the spawning rate of Seriola dumerili broodstock according to claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Weigh Cinnamomum cassia twig, Paeonia lactiflora, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Magnolia officinalis, Bupleurum chinense, Coptis chinensis, Citrus reticulata Blanco pericarpium, and Astragalus membranaceus according to the ratio, then crush them with an ultrafine grinder to all pass through a 200 - mesh sieve, and after mixing evenly, seal and package.