Method for preparing rabbit food from waste tobacco leaves

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing rabbit food from waste tobacco leaves, which converts the waste tobacco leaves into rabbit food with high nutritional value through scientific treatment and reasonable formula, and realizes efficient utilization of resources and environmental protection benefit. The rabbit food has the advantages of low cost, balanced nutrition, remarkable environmental protection benefit and the like, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, and particularly relates to a method for preparing rabbit food by using waste tobacco leaves. Background Art

[0002] During the tobacco planting process, a large amount of waste tobacco leaves are generated due to factors such as optimization of grade structure, improper cultivation and modulation. These tobacco leaves usually fail to meet the quality standards and have mostly been directly discarded or simply incinerated in the past, which not only causes waste of resources but also has a negative impact on the environment. At the same time, as an important part of the animal husbandry, the market demand for rabbit food continues to grow. However, the cost of raw materials for traditional rabbit food is relatively high, and there are problems such as unbalanced nutrition. Therefore, developing a method for preparing rabbit food by using waste tobacco leaves can not only solve the problem of treating tobacco waste but also provide raw materials with low cost and high nutrition for rabbit food production, which has significant economic and environmental protection value. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing rabbit food by using waste tobacco leaves, aiming to convert waste tobacco leaves into rabbit food with high nutritional value through scientific treatment and reasonable formulation, so as to achieve the efficient utilization of resources and environmental protection benefits.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for preparing rabbit food by using waste tobacco leaves, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1, raw material pretreatment: Collect waste tobacco leaves and wash them to remove surface dust and impurities. Use drying or sunning methods to reduce the moisture content of the tobacco leaves to less than 10% for subsequent processing.

[0007] Step 2, optimized structure treatment: Crush the dried tobacco leaves, pass through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain tobacco leaf powder; add cellulase and pectinase to the tobacco leaf powder, enzymatically hydrolyze at 45 - 55 °C for 2 - 4 h to reduce the cellulose and pectin content in the tobacco leaves and improve digestibility; then add yeast suspension, ferment at 28 - 32 °C for 48 - 72 h to degrade nicotine; finally, perform enzyme inactivation treatment at a temperature above 85 °C for 10 - 30 min to obtain the tobacco leaf powder with an optimized structure.

[0008] Step 3, nutritional enhancement and formulation design: Mix the tobacco leaf powder with an optimized structure with conventional rabbit food raw materials, add appropriate vitamins and minerals to ensure the balanced nutrition of the rabbit food. Then extrude and granulate to make granular rabbit food.

[0009] Step 4, packaging: Vacuum pack the rabbit food and store it in a dry and cool place, with a shelf life of 6 months.

[0010] Preferably, the waste tobacco leaves mentioned in step 1 mainly refer to the waste tobacco leaves generated due to the optimization of the grade structure or improper cultivation and modulation.

[0011] Preferably, in step 2: the addition amount of the cellulase accounts for 0.05-0.15% of the mass of the tobacco leaf powder, and the addition amount of the pectinase accounts for 0.1% of the mass of the tobacco leaf powder; the activity of the yeast in the yeast suspension ≥ 5×10 7 CFU / mL, and the ratio of the addition volume of the yeast suspension to the mass of the tobacco leaf powder is 3-5 mL / g.

[0012] Preferably, in step 3, the mass percentage of the tobacco leaf powder added to the conventional rabbit food is 10-30%. Further preferably, in the conventional rabbit food added with the tobacco leaf powder, the composition of each raw material by mass percentage is: tobacco leaf powder 10-30%, alfalfa grass powder 20-30%, corn flour 15-25%, soybean meal 10-20%, wheat bran 10-20%.

[0013] Preferably, in step 3, the vitamins include any one or more of vitamins A, D, E, K and B vitamins, and the minerals include any one or more of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, selenium.

[0014] Preferably, in step 3, the temperature of the extrusion granulation is controlled at 80-90 °C, the pressure is 5-8 MPa, the diameter of the obtained granular rabbit food is 3-5 mm, and the length is 5-12 mm.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in:

[0016] 1. Resource utilization: The present invention turns waste tobacco leaves into treasures, effectively reducing the environmental pollution caused by tobacco waste, while broadening the source of raw materials for rabbit food and reducing the production cost.

[0017] 2. Nutrition improvement: Through enzymatic hydrolysis treatment, the tobacco leaf structure is optimized, so that the originally difficult-to-absorb nutritional components are released, improving the nutritional value of the rabbit food. The added minerals and vitamins further ensure the nutritional balance of the rabbit food. Detected by an authoritative testing agency, compared with the traditional rabbit food, the crude protein content of the rabbit food prepared by the present invention has increased by 10%-22%, from 18%-20% of the traditional rabbit food to 22%; the dietary fiber content has increased by 13%-40%, from 12%-15% of the traditional rabbit food to 17%; the calcium content has increased by 20%-50%, from 0.8%-1.0% of the traditional rabbit food to 1.2%. The improvement of these key nutritional components can better meet the growth and development needs of rabbits.

[0018] 3. Good palatability: The prepared rabbit food has a moderate particle size and a suitable taste. Through actual feeding experiments, the rabbits have a high feeding rate and good growth performance, indicating that the rabbit food has good palatability.

[0019] 4. Simple process: The entire preparation process is easy to operate, requires low equipment requirements, and is easy to realize industrial production.

[0020] Specific embodiments

[0021] The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention. These embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes are given. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] This example prepares a rabbit food containing waste tobacco leaves according to the following steps:

[0024] 1. Raw material pretreatment: Collect 100 kg of waste tobacco leaves, manually remove mildewed, rotten tobacco leaves and non-tobacco impurities (such as plastics, stones), wash, and then dry to a moisture content of 8%.

[0025] 2. Optimization of the structure: Crush the dried tobacco leaves and pass through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain tobacco leaf powder; add 0.1% by mass of cellulase and 0.1% by mass of pectinase based on the mass of the tobacco leaf powder, and enzymatically hydrolyze at 50 °C for 3 h; then add a yeast suspension (the activity of yeast in the yeast suspension ≥ 5×10 7 CFU / mL, and the addition volume of the yeast suspension to the mass of the tobacco leaf powder is 4 mL / g), ferment at 30 °C for 60 h; finally, inactivate the enzyme at 90 °C for 20 min to obtain the tobacco leaf powder with an optimized structure.

[0026] 3. Nutritional enhancement and formulation design: Mix 30 kg of tobacco leaf powder with 70 kg of raw materials of conventional rabbit food (30 kg of alfalfa meal, 20 kg of corn flour, 20 kg of soybean meal), add 8,000 IU / kg of vitamin A, 1,000 IU / kg of vitamin D, 60 mg / kg of vitamin E, and 8 g / kg of mineral calcium, 5 g / kg of phosphorus, and 0.4 g / kg of magnesium, and then place it in an extrusion granulator to make granular rabbit food. The extrusion granulation temperature is controlled at 80 °C, the pressure is 6 MPa, the diameter of the granular rabbit food is 3 mm, and the length is 5 mm.

[0027] 4. Quality inspection and packaging: Conduct feed standard inspections (covering safety, nutritional indicators, microbial limits, and physical properties) on the prepared rabbit food, and perform vacuum packaging after meeting the standards. The inspection items, methods, and results are shown in Tables 1-4.

[0028] Table 1 Results of safety inspection of rabbit food

[0029] Project Detection method Detection value Basis Nicotine residue High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 0.01％ GB / T20784-2006 Aflatoxin B1 Immunoaffinity column-fluorescence method 8μg / kg GB13078-2017 Salmonella GB / T13091-2002 Not detected GB13078-2017 Lead (Pb) Atomic absorption spectrometry 0.5mg / kg GB13078-2017 Arsenic (As) Hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry 1mg / kg GB13078-2017

[0030] Table 2 Test Results of Nutritional Indicators

[0031] Project Detection method Detection value Remarks Crude protein GB / T6432-2018 (Kjeldahl method) 22％ Increases muscle Crude fiber GB / T6434-2006 17％ Promotes intestinal peristalsis Crude fat GB / T6433-2006 3％ Too high is prone to obesity Calcium (Ca) GB / T6436-2018 1.2％ Ratio with phosphorus is 1.5-2:1 Phosphorus (P) GB / T6437-2018 0.60％ Avoids urinary calculi Lysine GB / T15399-2018 0.80％ Limiting amino acid Vitamin A GB / T17817-2010 (HPLC) 8000IU / kg Maintains vision and immunity

[0032] Table 3 Microbiological Limits

[0033] Project Detection method Detection value Total number of colonies GB / T13093-2006 <![CDATA[1×10 4 CFU / g]]> Coliform group GB / T18869-2019 30CFU / g Total number of molds GB / T13092-2006 <![CDATA[5×10 5 CFU / g]]>

[0034] Table 4 Physical Property Tests

[0035]

[0036]

[0037] As can be seen from Tables 1 - 4, all the indicators of the rabbit food prepared by the present invention meet the relevant feed standards. Compared with traditional rabbit food, for the rabbit food prepared by the present invention: the crude protein content has increased by 10% - 22%, from 18% - 20% of traditional rabbit food to 22%; the dietary fiber content has increased by 13% - 40%, from 12% - 15% of traditional rabbit food to 17%; the calcium content has increased by 20% - 50%, from 0.8% - 1.0% of traditional rabbit food to 1.2%. The improvement of these key nutritional components can better meet the growth and development needs of rabbits. To further verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, a palatability comparison test was carried out with commercially available ordinary rabbit food, and the methods and results are as follows:

[0038] Fifteen young rabbits with similar body weights and good health conditions were selected and randomly divided into three groups, with 5 rabbits in each group. They were fed with the rabbit food prepared in the examples, commercially available ordinary rabbit food (made from alfalfa meal, corn flour, soybean meal and other additives in a mass ratio of 4:2:2:1), and rabbit food made by directly adding raw materials without optimized structural treatment (conventional rabbit food made from alfalfa meal, corn flour and soybean meal in a mass ratio of 3:2:2) (control group) for a feeding experiment with a cycle of 30 days. During the experiment, data such as the feed intake and weight gain of the young rabbits were recorded, and the results are shown in Figures 5 - 7.

[0039] Table 5 Comparison of Young Rabbit Feeding Experiment Data (30 - day Cycle)

[0040]

[0041] Table 6 Statistical Significance Analysis (t - test)

[0042] Control group Feed intake (p value) Weight gain (p value) Conclusion Example vs control group <0.01 <0.001 Significantly better than the control group Example vs commercial group >0.05 >0.05 The effects are equivalent, with no significant difference Commercial group vs control group <0.05 <0.01 The commercial group is significantly better than the control group

[0043] Table 7 Economic Benefit Comparison

[0044] Index Example rabbit food Commercial rabbit food Control group Raw material cost (yuan / ton) 1,800 2,500 1400 Daily average weight gain cost (yuan / g) 0.18 0.25 0.18 Cost performance advantage Low cost and excellent weight gain High cost Poor weight gain

[0045] As can be seen from Table 5-7: Regarding feed intake, the examples were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.01), and there was no difference from the commercially available group (p>0.05), indicating that the palatability optimization was successful. From the weight gain effect, it can be seen that the weight gain of the example group was 27.7% higher than that of the control group (300g vs 235g), and it was comparable to the commercially available group (297g), verifying the nutritional balance. For the feed conversion ratio (FCR), the example group (2.84) was better than the control group (3.08) and was close to the commercially available group (2.80), indicating a high conversion efficiency. In terms of cost control, the cost of the example group was only 72% of that of the commercially available group, but the weight gain effect was the same, highlighting the cost performance. This fully verifies that the rabbit food obtained by the preparation method of the present invention has good palatability and the effect of promoting the growth of rabbits.

[0046] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing rabbit food by using waste tobacco leaves, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1, raw material pretreatment: Collect waste tobacco leaves, wash and dry them until the moisture content is lower than 10%; Step 2, optimized structure treatment: Enzymatically hydrolyze the dried tobacco leaves to obtain tobacco leaf powder with an optimized structure; Step 3, nutritional enhancement and formula design: Mix the tobacco leaf powder with optimized structure with conventional rabbit food raw materials, add vitamins and minerals, and extrude and granulate to make granular rabbit food; Step 4, packaging: Vacuum pack the rabbit food and store it.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein In Step 1, the waste tobacco leaves are waste tobacco leaves produced due to optimized grade structure or improper cultivation and modulation.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein In Step 2, the method of enzymatic hydrolysis is: Crush the tobacco leaves and sieve them to obtain tobacco leaf powder; Add cellulase and pectinase to the tobacco leaf powder, enzymatically hydrolyze at 45-55°C for 2-4h; Then add yeast suspension and ferment at 28-32°C for 48-72h; Finally, inactivate the enzyme at a temperature above 85°C for 10-30min to obtain tobacco leaf powder with an optimized structure.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: The addition amount of the cellulase accounts for 0.05-0.15% of the mass of the tobacco leaf powder, and the addition amount of the pectinase accounts for 0.1% of the mass of the tobacco leaf powder; the activity of the yeast in the yeast suspension ≥ 5×10 7 CFU / mL, and the ratio of the added volume of the yeast suspension to the mass of the tobacco leaf powder is 3-5 mL / g.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In Step 3, the mass percentage of the tobacco leaf powder added to the conventional rabbit food is 10-30%.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In Step 3, the temperature of extrusion granulation is controlled at 80-90°C, the pressure is 5-8MPa, the diameter of the obtained granular rabbit food is 3-5mm, and the length is 5-12mm.

7. A rabbit food prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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