Feed for increasing egg lecithin and application

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of feed, in particular to feed for increasing egg lecithin and application. The invention relates to a feed capable of increasing egg lecithin. The feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-60 parts of corn, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 0.1-0.3 part of amino acid, 10-15 parts of crude protein bran, 4-6 parts of shell powder, 4-6 parts of grit, 0.2-0.4 part of salt, 0.1-0.3 part of vitamin and 0.003-0.006 part of a probiotic additive. When the feed is used for feeding laying hens, the lecithin content of eggs is increased, the cholesterol content of the eggs is reduced, the crude protein content of the whole eggs can reach 11.83-12.03%, the lecithin content can reach 4.10-4.20%, and the cholesterol content can be as low as 0.31-0.25%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of feed technology, and in particular to a feed with increased egg lecithin content and its application. Background Art

[0002] Eggs are rich in nutrients, inexpensive and of high quality. They play an important role in our daily lives and are the second most nutritious all-natural food after breast milk. The lecithin in eggs, in particular, plays a very important role in the development of the brain and nervous system and is called a high-level neuronutrient by experts.

[0003] Lecithin constitutes 70-80% of the dry weight of brain cell membranes, which are responsible for inputting nutrients into brain cells, outputting waste, and protecting cells from harmful substances. Lecithin deficiency will lead to damage to brain nerve cell membranes, slowing brain nerve cell metabolism, and reducing immunity and regeneration capabilities.

[0004] The lecithin content in existing eggs is low. Generally, two eggs are consumed every day to meet the lecithin intake. However, the intake of two eggs every day may lead to excessive cholesterol intake, which may cause a series of diseases. Therefore, how to ensure high lecithin intake while avoiding excessive cholesterol intake is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to increase the lecithin content of eggs and reduce the cholesterol content of eggs, the present application provides a feed for increasing the lecithin content of eggs and its application.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a feed for increasing egg lecithin, using the following technical solution.

[0007] A feed for increasing egg lecithin, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-60 parts of corn, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 0.1-0.3 parts of amino acids, 10-15 parts of crude protein bran, 4-6 parts of shell powder, 4-6 parts of gravel, 0.2-0.4 parts of salt, 0.1-0.3 parts of vitamins, and 0.003-0.006 parts of probiotic additives; The probiotic additive comprises probiotics and a carrier, and the probiotics are cultured as follows: 1) High temperature enrichment Using a culture medium containing volcanic rock extract and lactose as a carbon source, the probiotics were cultured at 43-47°C for 48 hours to screen for thermostable strains; 2) Low temperature enrichment The bacterial solution after high temperature enrichment was transferred to a 3-5°C environment for 24 hours to screen the strains that survived the low temperature; 3) Gradient domestication The strains enriched at low temperature are acclimated to high and low temperatures: High-temperature acclimation: Starting from 25 - 30°C, raise the temperature by 1 - 2°C every 24 hours and gradually increase it to the target temperature of 43 - 47°C for cultivation. Low-temperature acclimation: After the logarithmic growth phase of the strain, transfer it to a low temperature of 3 - 5°C and maintain for 12 - 24 hours, and repeatedly stimulate to activate cold shock proteins.

[0008] Furthermore, the temperature gradient of the high-temperature acclimation is as follows: Phase 1: From 30°C to 37°C, raise the temperature by 1°C every 24 hours, maintain for 3 generations, and cultivate each generation until OD600 ≥ 0.6; Phase 2: From 37°C to 42°C, raise the temperature by 2°C every 24 hours, maintain for 3 generations; Phase 3: From 42°C to 45°C, raise the temperature by 1°C every 24 hours, maintain for 5 generations.

[0009] Furthermore, the low-temperature acclimation is as follows: First, culture the bacterial solution after high-temperature acclimation in a standard medium at 37°C for 12 - 18 hours, then transfer it to a medium containing volcanic rock extract for pretreatment, and adjust the culture to OD600 of 0.4 - 0.6. Transfer the pretreated bacterial solution from 37°C to a 4°C environment and maintain for 12 - 24 hours. During this period, sample and detect the viable cell count every 4 hours to ensure the survival rate ≥ 80%; after low-temperature treatment, restore the bacterial solution to 37°C for culture to repair the damage and proliferate; repeat the low-temperature - rejuvenation cycle 3 - 5 times, and gradually extend the low-temperature exposure time.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific method of the low-temperature - rejuvenation is as follows: 1) The first low-temperature - rejuvenation: Transfer the pretreated bacterial solution from 37°C to a 4°C environment and maintain for 12 hours. During this period, sample and detect the viable cell count every 4 hours to ensure the survival rate ≥ 80%; after low-temperature treatment, restore the bacterial solution to 37°C for culture for 14 hours to repair the damage and proliferate. 2) The second low-temperature - rejuvenation: Transfer the rejuvenated bacterial solution to a 4°C environment and maintain for 16 hours. During this period, sample and detect the viable cell count every 4 hours to ensure the survival rate ≥ 80%; after low-temperature treatment, 3) The third low-temperature - rejuvenation: Transfer the rejuvenated bacterial solution to a 4°C environment and maintain for 20 hours. During this period, sample and detect the viable cell count every 4 hours to ensure the survival rate ≥ 80%; after low-temperature treatment, restore the bacterial solution to 37°C for culture for 22 hours to repair the damage and proliferate. 4) The fourth low-temperature - rejuvenation: Transfer the rejuvenated bacterial solution to a 4°C environment and maintain for 24 hours. During this period, sample and detect the viable cell count every 4 hours to ensure the survival rate ≥ 80%; after low-temperature treatment, restore the bacterial solution to 37°C for culture for 26 hours to repair the damage and proliferate.

[0011] Furthermore, the culture medium containing the volcanic rock extract comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of peptone, 5-8 parts of beef extract, 3-5 parts of yeast extract, 20-25 parts of glucose, 2-3 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 100-150 parts of volcanic rock extract, 1-2 parts of Tween 80, 5-7 parts of sodium acetate, and 0.2-0.3 parts of magnesium sulfate.

[0012] Furthermore, the preparation method of the volcanic rock extract is as follows: 1) Crushing The volcanic rock is crushed to a particle size of ≤1 mm. 2) Acid leaching The volcanic rock powder is added to a 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, stirred at 75-80 °C for 2 hours, and the filtrate is collected after filtration. 3) Sterilization treatment The filtrate is sterilized to obtain the volcanic rock extract.

[0013] Furthermore, when the culture medium containing the volcanic rock extract is used for low-temperature acclimation, 0.1% glycerol and 0.05% vitamin C are added to the culture medium.

[0014] Furthermore, during the last low-temperature rejuvenation, 0.5% trehalose and 0.1% glycerol are added to the culture medium treated at low temperature.

[0015] Furthermore, the carrier is clinoptilolite powder.

[0016] In the second aspect, the present application provides an application of a feed for increasing egg lecithin, and the following technical solutions are adopted.

[0017] An application of a feed for increasing egg lecithin, which is applied to the feeding of laying hens.

[0018] In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects: The feed obtained in the present application is fed to laying hens, achieving an increase in the lecithin content of eggs while reducing the cholesterol content of eggs. The crude protein content of the whole eggs obtained can reach 11.83-12.03%, the lecithin content can reach 4.10-4.20%, and the cholesterol content can be as low as 0.31-0.25%. When people eat eggs, they can avoid excessive intake of cholesterol while ensuring a high lecithin intake. Specific embodiments

[0019] The following further details the present application with reference to embodiments.

[0020] Preparation examples of raw materials and intermediates Raw materials The raw materials in the embodiments of the present application can all be obtained commercially.

[0021] Preparation Example Preparation Example 1 A volcanic rock extract, and its preparation method is as follows: 1) Crushing Crush the volcanic rock to a particle size ≤ 1 mm; 2) Acid leaching Add the volcanic rock powder into 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, stir at 80 °C for 2 hours, filter and collect the filtrate; 3) Sterilization treatment Sterilize the filtrate at 121 °C under high pressure for 15 minutes to obtain the volcanic rock extract.

[0022] Preparation Examples 2 - 5 A culture medium, and its components are shown in Table 1.

[0023] Table 1 Culture medium formulation table (100 g)

[0024] Among them, the volcanic rock extract is from Preparation Example 1.

[0025] Preparation Example 6 A probiotic additive, and its preparation method is as follows: 1. Probiotic cultivation 1) High-temperature enrichment Use the culture medium obtained in Preparation Example 2, use lactose as the carbon source, culture Lactobacillus at 45 °C for 48 hours, and screen for high-temperature resistant strains; 2) Low-temperature enrichment Transfer the bacterial liquid after high-temperature enrichment to a 4 °C environment for 24 hours to screen for low-temperature surviving strains; for the culture medium of low-temperature domestication, add 0.1% glycerol and 0.05% vitamin C to the culture medium obtained in Preparation Example 2; 3) Gradient domestication Carry out high-low temperature domestication on the strains after low-temperature enrichment: High-temperature domestication: Stage 1: From 30 °C to 37 °C, increase the temperature by 1 °C every 24 hours, maintain for 3 generations, and culture each generation until OD600 ≥ 0.6; Stage 2: From 37 °C to 42 °C, increase the temperature by 2 °C every 24 hours, maintain for 3 generations; Stage 3: From 42 °C to 45 °C, increase the temperature by 1 °C every 24 hours, maintain for 5 generations; Low-temperature domestication: First, culture the bacterial liquid after high-temperature domestication in the culture medium obtained in Preparation Example 5 at 37 °C for 14 h, then transfer it to the culture medium obtained in Preparation Example 2 for pretreatment, and culture to adjust OD600 to 0.5; Carry out cyclic low-temperature rejuvenation on the pretreated bacterial liquid, and the culture medium used is to add 0.1% glycerol and 0.05% vitamin C to the culture medium obtained in Preparation Example 2; First low-temperature rejuvenation: Transfer the pretreated bacterial liquid from 37°C to 4°C and maintain for 12 hours. During this period, sample and detect the viable bacteria count every 4 hours to ensure the survival rate ≥ 80%. After the low-temperature treatment, restore the bacterial liquid to 37°C and culture for 14 hours to repair the damage and proliferate. The culture medium used is the culture medium obtained in Preparation Example 2 added with 0.1% glycerol and 0.05% vitamin C. Second low-temperature rejuvenation: Transfer the rejuvenated bacterial liquid to 4°C and maintain for 16 hours. During this period, sample and detect the viable bacteria count every 4 hours to ensure the survival rate ≥ 80%. After the low-temperature treatment, restore the bacterial liquid to 37°C and culture for 18 hours to repair the damage and proliferate. The culture medium used is the culture medium obtained in Preparation Example 2 added with 0.1% glycerol and 0.05% vitamin C. Third low-temperature rejuvenation: Transfer the rejuvenated bacterial liquid to 4°C and maintain for 20 hours. During this period, sample and detect the viable bacteria count every 4 hours to ensure the survival rate ≥ 80%. After the low-temperature treatment, restore the bacterial liquid to 37°C and culture for 22 hours to repair the damage and proliferate. The culture medium used is the culture medium obtained in Preparation Example 2 added with 0.1% glycerol and 0.05% vitamin C. Fourth low-temperature rejuvenation: Transfer the rejuvenated bacterial liquid to 4°C and maintain for 24 hours. During this period, sample and detect the viable bacteria count every 4 hours to ensure the survival rate ≥ 80%. After the low-temperature treatment, restore the bacterial liquid to 37°C and culture for 26 hours to repair the damage and proliferate. The culture medium used is the culture medium obtained in Preparation Example 2 added with 0.1% glycerol, 0.05% vitamin C, 0.5% trehalose and 0.1% glycerol; obtain probiotic liquid. 2. Carrier loading Use clinoptilolite powder as a carrier to adsorb the probiotic liquid to obtain a probiotic additive.

[0026] Preparation Example 7 Different from Preparation Example 6, in Preparation Example 7, high-temperature acclimation: Stage 1: From 30°C to 42°C, raise the temperature by 1°C every 24 hours, maintain for 5 generations, and culture each generation until OD600 ≥ 0.6; Stage 2: From 42°C to 45°C, raise the temperature by 1°C every 24 hours, maintain for 5 generations.

[0027] Preparation Example 8 Different from Preparation Example 6, in Preparation Example 8, high-temperature acclimation: Stage 1: From 30°C to 37°C, raise the temperature by 1°C every 24 hours, maintain for 3 generations, and culture each generation until OD600 ≥ 0.6; Stage 2: From 37°C to 45°C, raise the temperature by 2°C every 24 hours, maintain for 8 generations.

[0028] Preparation Example 9 Different from Preparation Example 6, in Preparation Example 9, low-temperature acclimation was carried out as follows: First, the bacterial liquid after high-temperature acclimation was cultured in the culture medium obtained in Preparation Example 5 at 37 °C for 14 h, and then transferred to the culture medium obtained in Preparation Example 2 for pretreatment, and the culture was adjusted to an OD600 of 0.5; the pretreated bacterial liquid was subjected to cyclic low-temperature rejuvenation, and the culture medium used was the culture medium obtained in Preparation Example 2 supplemented with 0.1% glycerol and 0.05% vitamin C; the pretreated bacterial liquid was transferred from 37 °C to a 4 °C environment and maintained for 74 hours. During this period, samples were taken every 4 hours to detect the viable cell count to ensure a survival rate of ≥80%; after low-temperature treatment, the bacterial liquid was restored to 37 °C and cultured for 78 hours to repair the damage and proliferate; the culture medium used was the culture medium obtained in Preparation Example 2 supplemented with 0.1% glycerol and 0.05% vitamin C.

[0029] Preparation Examples 10 - 12 Different from Preparation Example 6, the culture media in Preparation Examples 10 - 12 were respectively from Preparation Examples 3 - 5.

[0030] Examples Examples 1 - 3 A feed for improving egg lecithin, and its preparation method is as follows: Referring to Table 2, each raw material was mixed to obtain the feed.

[0031] Table 2 Raw material ratio table for Examples 1 - 3 (kg)

[0032] Among them, the probiotic additive was from Preparation Example 6.

[0033] Examples 4 - 8 Different from Example 2, the probiotic additives in Examples 4 - 5 were respectively from Preparation Examples 7 - 11.

[0034] Comparative Examples Comparative Example 1 Different from Example 1, Comparative Example 1 did not contain a probiotic additive.

[0035] Comparative Example 2 Different from Example 1, the probiotic additive in Comparative Example 2 was from Preparation Example 12.

[0036] Performance detection Experimental design In this experiment, 52-week-old laying hens that were healthy and had similar weights were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, with 5 replicates in each group and 356 hens in each replicate.

[0037] The preliminary trial period was 10 days, and each group was fed a basal diet. The experimental period was 60 days. The blank control group continued to be fed the basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed the feeds of the above Examples and Comparative Examples.

[0038] Feeding and management: Laying hens were raised in three - layer iron cages. During the experiment, the temperature and humidity in the chicken house were kept appropriate, with good ventilation. There was 16 - hour lighting per day, 3 times of manual feeding, and 2 times of manual egg collection. The chickens had free access to water and were immunized according to the chicken farm's immunization program.

[0039] Determination of laying - hen production performance indicators: The daily feed intake and remaining feed amount were recorded during the experiment, and the average daily feed intake was calculated at the end of the experiment.

[0040] Determination of egg quality indicators: At the beginning and end of the experiment, 3 eggs were collected from each replicate to measure the contents of crude protein, lecithin, and cholesterol in the whole eggs. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0041] Table 3 Results of performance detection

[0042] Combined with Examples 1 - 8, Comparative Examples 1 - 2, and the blank control, and with reference to Table 3, it can be seen that when the laying hens were fed with the feed obtained in the examples, the daily feed intake of the laying hens was low, the contents of crude protein and lecithin in the whole eggs increased, and the content of cholesterol in the whole eggs decreased. This indicates that feeding laying hens with the feed obtained in this application can increase the lecithin content in eggs while reducing the cholesterol content in eggs. When people consume eggs, they can ensure a high intake of lecithin while avoiding excessive intake of cholesterol.

[0043] This specific embodiment is only an interpretation of this application and does not limit this application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without creative contributions as needed, but as long as it is within the scope of the claims of this application, it is protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A feed for increasing egg lecithin, characterized in that, It includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 - 60 parts of corn, 10 - 15 parts of soybean meal, 0.1 - 0.3 parts of amino acids, 10 - 15 parts of crude protein bran, 4 - 6 parts of oyster shell powder, 4 - 6 parts of grit, 0.2 - 0.4 parts of salt, 0.1 - 0.3 parts of vitamins, and 0.003 - 0.006 parts of probiotic additive; The probiotic additive includes probiotics and a carrier, and the cultivation method of the probiotics is as follows: 1) High - temperature enrichment Using a culture medium containing volcanic rock extract, with lactose as the carbon source, cultivate the probiotics at 43 - 47 °C for 48 hours to screen heat - resistant strains; 2) Low - temperature enrichment Transfer the bacterial liquid after high - temperature enrichment to an environment of 3 - 5 °C and cultivate for 24 hours to screen low - temperature survival strains; 3) Gradient domestication Carry out high - and low - temperature domestication on the strains after low - temperature enrichment: High - temperature domestication: Start from 25 - 30 °C, raise the temperature by 1 - 2 °C every 24 hours, and gradually raise the temperature to the target temperature of 43 - 47 °C for cultivation; Low - temperature domestication: After the logarithmic growth phase of the strains, transfer them to a low temperature of 3 - 5 °C and maintain for 12 - 24 hours, and repeatedly stimulate to activate cold shock proteins.

2. A feed for increasing egg lecithin according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature gradient of the high - temperature domestication is as follows: Stage 1: From 30 °C to 37 °C, raise the temperature by 1 °C every 24 hours, maintain for 3 generations, and cultivate each generation until OD600 ≥ 0.6; Stage 2: From 37 °C to 42 °C, raise the temperature by 2 °C every 24 hours, maintain for 3 generations; Stage 3: From 42 °C to 45 °C, raise the temperature by 1 °C every 24 hours, maintain for 5 generations.

3. The feed for increasing egg lecithin according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low - temperature domestication is as follows: First, cultivate the bacterial liquid after high - temperature domestication in a culture medium at 37 °C for 12 - 18 h, then transfer it to a culture medium containing volcanic rock extract for pretreatment, and adjust OD600 to 0.4 - 0.6 by cultivation; Transfer the pretreated bacterial liquid from 37 °C to a 4 °C environment and maintain for 12 - 24 hours. During this period, sample and detect the viable bacteria count every 4 hours to ensure that the survival rate ≥ 80%; after low - temperature treatment, restore the bacterial liquid to 37 °C for cultivation to repair the damage and proliferate; repeat the low - temperature - rejuvenation cycle 3 - 5 times, and gradually extend the low - temperature exposure time.

4. A feed for improving egg lecithin according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific method of the low - temperature - rejuvenation is as follows: 1) The first low - temperature - rejuvenation: Transfer the pretreated bacterial liquid from 37 °C to a 4 °C environment and maintain for 12 hours. During this period, sample and detect the viable bacteria count every 4 hours to ensure that the survival rate ≥ 80%; after low - temperature treatment, restore the bacterial liquid to 37 °C for cultivation for 14 hours to repair the damage and proliferate; 2) The second low - temperature - rejuvenation: Transfer the rejuvenated bacterial liquid to a 4 °C environment and maintain for 16 hours. During this period, sample and detect the viable bacteria count every 4 hours to ensure that the survival rate ≥ 80%; after low - temperature treatment, restore the bacterial liquid to 37 °C for cultivation for 18 hours to repair the damage and proliferate; 3) The third low - temperature - rejuvenation: Transfer the rejuvenated bacterial liquid to a 4 °C environment and maintain for 20 hours. During this period, sample and detect the viable bacteria count every 4 hours to ensure that the survival rate ≥ 80%; after low - temperature treatment, restore the bacterial liquid to 37 °C for cultivation for 22 hours to repair the damage and proliferate; 4) Fourth low temperature - rejuvenation: Transfer the rejuvenated bacterial liquid to an environment at 4°C and maintain it for 24 hours. During this period, sample and detect the viable bacteria count every 4 hours to ensure that the survival rate is ≥80%. After the low temperature treatment, restore the bacterial liquid to 37°C and culture it for 26 hours to repair the damage and proliferate.

5. A feed for increasing egg lecithin according to claim 3, characterized in that, The medium containing the volcanic rock extract includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 - 15 parts of peptone, 5 - 8 parts of beef extract, 3 - 5 parts of yeast extract, 20 - 25 parts of glucose, 2 - 3 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 100 - 150 parts of volcanic rock extract, 1 - 2 parts of Tween 80, 5 - 7 parts of sodium acetate, and 0.2 - 0.3 parts of magnesium sulfate.

6. The feed for increasing egg lecithin according to claim 5, characterized in that The preparation method of the volcanic rock extract is as follows: 1) Crushing Crush the volcanic rock to a particle size ≤1 mm; 2) Acid leaching Add the volcanic rock powder to a 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, stir at 75 - 80°C for 2 hours, filter, and collect the filtrate; 3) Sterilization treatment Perform sterilization treatment on the filtrate to obtain the volcanic rock extract.

7. A feed for increasing egg lecithin according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the medium containing the volcanic rock extract is used for low temperature acclimation, add 0.1% glycerol and 0.05% vitamin C to the medium.

8. A feed for increasing egg lecithin according to claim 7, characterized in that, During the last low temperature - rejuvenation, add 0.5% trehalose and 0.1% glycerol to the medium treated at low temperature.

9. A feed for increasing egg lecithin according to claim 1, wherein The carrier is clinoptilolite powder.

10. Use of any of the feeds for increasing egg lecithin according to claims 1-9, characterized in that, It is applied to the feeding of laying hens.

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