Feed for comprehensive pond culture of lateolabrax japonicus and stichopus japonicus and preparation method of feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed for comprehensive pond culture of lateolabrax japonicus and stichopus japonicus, which is characterized in that the feed is composed of a raw material part and a water part, the raw material part is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 32-35% of fish meal, 15-20% of scallop leftover powder, 6-10% of sargassum pallidum powder, 5-10% of fermented soybean meal, 5-10% of cottonseed meal, 5-8% of breadcrumbs, 3-5% of spirulina powder, 2-3% of clam powder and 2-3% of shrimp meal; the feed is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 1%-2% of cuttlefish viscera meal, 3%-5% of a grease composition, 3%-5% of an immunity enhancing composition, 0.8%-1.0% of composite vitamins, 0.6%-0.8% of composite minerals, 1%-2% of medical stone powder, 1.0%-1.2% of a biological adhesive composition and water accounting for 20%-25% of the total mass of the raw materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a feed for integrated pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers, and a preparation method of this feed. Background Art

[0002] Integrated culture is a sustainable and efficient aquaculture model, which has been widely recognized and advocated by the industry in recent years. Integrated culture gives full play to the ecological mutual benefit among aquaculture organisms at different trophic levels, and realizes the efficient utilization of the space and biogenic elements of the aquaculture ecosystem. Japanese seabass ( Spotted maigre ) is an important marine economic fish in China, and pond culture is its main aquaculture method. However, a large amount of particulate organic matter (such as residual bait, excrement, etc.) will be generated during the traditional production process, and these organic wastes deposited at the bottom of the water body threaten the safe development of aquaculture production. Constructing an integrated aquaculture production model with deposit-feeding or filter-feeding aquatic animals is an effective method to solve the above problems. Sea cucumber ( Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus ) is one of the marine economic animals with the highest output value per unit species in China. It is a deposit-feeding marine animal living in the benthos. In different artificial aquaculture systems, sea cucumbers can effectively utilize and remove particulate self-pollutants and biological sediments therein, which determines that it can be integrated with feeding marine animals, especially feeding marine fish (such as: Japanese seabass, etc.).

[0003] The integrated pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers has relatively special requirements for the nutritional supply level, immune enhancement effect and loss rate of the feed, etc., so as to meet the common and different needs of the two integrated aquaculture animals at the same time. However, the commercially available feeds at present only target a certain specific aquaculture animal, such as: Japanese seabass commercial feed, sea cucumber commercial feed, etc. There is no artificial compound feed dedicated to integrated culture, especially the integrated pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers. The commercially available feeds at present cannot achieve the production purpose and expected effect of the integrated culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a full-price artificial compound feed dedicated to the integrated pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers to solve the problems existing in practice. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies existing in the prior art, and proposes an integrated aquaculture feed that can provide high-quality and continuous nutritional supply for two aquatic products, Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers, during the integrated pond culture process, improve the body immunity, so as to meet their different needs.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a feed for integrated pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers, characterized in that: the feed is composed of two parts, a raw material part and water, wherein the raw material part is mixed by the following components according to mass percentage: Fish meal: 32% - 35%, Scallop waste powder: 15% - 20%, Sargassum powder: 6% - 10%, Fermented soybean meal: 5% - 10%, Cottonseed meal: 5% - 10%, Breadcrumbs: 5% - 8%, Spirulina powder: 3% - 5%, Clam powder: 2% - 3%, Shrimp powder: 2% - 3%, Cuttlefish viscera powder: 1% - 2%, Oil composition: 3% - 5%, Immune enhancing composition: 3% - 5%, Compound vitamins: 0.8% - 1.0%, Compound minerals: 0.6% - 0.8%, Medicated stone powder: 1% - 2%, Biological binder composition: 1.0% - 1.2% The mass of water is 20 - 25% of the total mass of the raw material part.

[0006] The described oil composition is formed by mixing the following components according to the mass ratio: Fish oil: Coconut oil = 1:1.

[0007] The described immune enhancing composition is formed by mixing the following components according to the mass ratio: Buckwheat: Astragalus membranaceus: Paeonia lactiflora: Forsythia suspensa: Gardenia jasminoides: Mulberry leaf: Cassia obtusifolia: Grape seed: Hawthorn = 4:2:3:3:2:2:1:2:1.

[0008] The described biological binder composition is formed by mixing the following components according to the mass ratio: Fish scale glue powder: Glutinous rice flour = 5:3.

[0009] The described feed consists of two parts: the raw material part and water, where the raw material part is formed by mixing the following components according to the mass percentage: Fish meal: 35%, Scallop waste powder: 16%, Sargassum powder: 8%, Fermented soybean meal: 8%, Cottonseed meal: 6%, Breadcrumbs: 6%, Spirulina powder: 3%, Clam powder: 3%, Shrimp powder: 2%, Cuttlefish viscera powder: 1%, Oil composition: 4%, Immune enhancing composition: 4%, Compound vitamins: 1%, Compound minerals: 0.8%, Medicated stone powder: 1%, Biological binder composition: 1.2% The described oil composition is formed by mixing fish oil and coconut oil according to the mass ratio of 1:1.

[0010] The described immune enhancing composition is formed by mixing buckwheat, Astragalus membranaceus, Paeonia lactiflora, Forsythia suspensa, Gardenia jasminoides, Mulberry leaf, Cassia obtusifolia, grape seed and hawthorn according to the mass ratio of 4:2:3:3:2:2:1:2:1, The described biological binder composition is formed by mixing fish scale glue powder and glutinous rice flour according to the mass ratio of 5:3, The mass of the water is 20% of the total mass of the raw material part.

[0011] A preparation method of feed for integrated pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers, characterized in that: first, take solid raw materials according to the following mass percentages: fish meal 32% - 35%, scallop waste powder 15% - 20%, sargassum powder 6% - 10%, fermented soybean meal 5% - 10%, cottonseed meal 5% - 10%, breadcrumbs 5% - 8%, spirulina powder 3% - 5%, clam powder 2% - 3%, shrimp powder 2% - 3%, cuttlefish visceral powder 1% - 2%, immune enhancement composition 3% - 5%, compound vitamin 0.8% - 1.0%, compound mineral 0.6% - 0.8%, medical stone powder 1% - 2%, biological binder composition 1.0% - 1.2%, then perform ultrafine grinding of the above solid raw materials through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain raw material powder, and stir and mix the ground raw material powder evenly. Add distilled water accounting for 20% - 25% of the total mass of the solid raw materials to the raw material powder for ripening, and the temperature of the distilled water is 53 °C - 55 °C. During the ripening process, add an oil composition accounting for 3% - 5% of the total mass of the raw material powder. The oil composition is composed of fish oil and coconut oil mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1. After the above mixed raw materials are stirred sufficiently and evenly, extrude them into a lump shape, put the lump-shaped material into a granulator, and make cylindrical pellet feed with a diameter of 2 mm - 3 mm and a water content of 10% - 12%. Then, after sealing and packaging, the finished pellet feed is obtained.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The feed for integrated pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers disclosed by the present invention is specifically designed for the integrated pond culture production of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers. It has a unique formula, comprehensive nutrition, and high feed utilization rate. It can provide high-level and continuous nutritional supply and immune enhancement for the integrated culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers, significantly improving the growth performance and body immunity of the integrated culture animals, while improving the economic benefits of aquaculture and ensuring the safe progress of aquaculture production. Among them, the oil composition (mixed by equal mass of fish oil and coconut oil) can provide high-quality and reasonable lipid supply for the integrated culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers, ensuring high growth performance of the cultured animals; while the immune enhancement composition (mixed by buckwheat, astragalus membranaceus, red peony root, forsythia suspensa, gardenia jasminoides, mulberry leaf, cassia seed, grape seed and hawthorn according to a certain mass ratio) can significantly enhance the body immunity of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers, improve the survival rate, and ensure the safe development of aquaculture production and good feeding effect; the application of the biological binder composition (mixed by fish scale glue powder and glutinous rice powder) enables the pellet feed of the present invention to obtain good and appropriate sustained-release properties, taking into account the feeding characteristics of the two integrated culture animals and effectively improving the feed utilization rate.

[0013] The feed described in the present invention has a simple preparation method, and the technological process is standard and regulated. Through single-time cooking, good palatability can be achieved, and coupled with a strong feeding attraction effect, the aggregation and tendency of the aquaculture animals towards the feed of the present invention are obvious. The main raw materials of this feed are natural biological components, which are safe, environmentally friendly, and belong to a green ecological type complete formulated feed. Specific Embodiments

[0014] The following describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. A feed for integrated pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers, characterized in that: the feed is composed of two parts, namely a raw material part and water, wherein the raw material part is mixed by the following components according to mass percentage: Fish meal 32% - 35%, scallop offal powder 15% - 20%, sargassum powder 6% - 10%, fermented soybean meal 5% - 10%, cottonseed meal 5% - 10%, breadcrumbs 5% - 8%, spirulina powder 3% - 5%, clam powder 2% - 3%, shrimp powder 2% - 3%, cuttlefish viscera powder 1% - 2%, oil composition 3% - 5%, immune enhancer composition 3% - 5%, compound vitamin 0.8% - 1.0%, compound mineral 0.6% - 0.8%, medical stone powder 1% - 2%, biological binder composition 1.0% - 1.2%, The mass of water is 20 - 25% of the total mass of the raw material part.

[0015] Among them, the oil composition is mixed by the following components according to mass ratio: fish oil:coconut oil = 1:1; the immune enhancer composition is mixed by the following components according to mass ratio: buckwheat:astragalus membranaceus:red peony root:forsythia suspensa:gardenia jasminoides:mulberry leaf:semen cassiae:grape seed:hawthorn = 4:2:3:3:2:2:1:2:1; the biological binder composition is mixed by the following components according to mass ratio: fish scale glue powder:glutinous rice flour = 5:3.

[0016] Preferably, the feed is composed of two parts, namely a raw material part and water, wherein the raw material part is mixed by the following components according to mass percentage: Fish meal 35%, scallop offal powder 16%, sargassum powder 8%, fermented soybean meal 8%, cottonseed meal 6%, breadcrumbs 6%, spirulina powder 3%, clam powder 3%, shrimp powder 2%, cuttlefish viscera powder 1%, oil composition 4%, immune enhancer composition 4%, compound vitamin 1%, compound mineral 0.8%, medical stone powder 1%, biological binder composition 1.2%, The oil composition is composed of fish oil and coconut oil mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:1, that is, fish oil accounts for 2% of the raw material part, and coconut oil accounts for 2% of the raw material part; The described immune-enhancing composition is prepared by mixing buckwheat, astragalus root, red peony root, forsythia fruit, gardenia fruit, mulberry leaf, cassia seed, grape seed, and hawthorn in a mass ratio of 4:2:3:3:2:2:1:2:1, that is, buckwheat 0.8% (by total mass, the same hereinafter), astragalus root 0.4%, red peony root 0.6%, forsythia fruit 0.6%, gardenia fruit 0.4%, mulberry leaf 0.4%, cassia seed 0.2%, grape seed 0.4%, and hawthorn 0.2%; The described bioadhesive composition is prepared by mixing fish scale glue powder and glutinous rice powder in a mass ratio of 5:3, that is, fish scale glue powder 0.75% (by total mass, the same hereinafter), and glutinous rice powder 0.45%; The mass of the water is 20% of the total mass of the raw material part.

[0017] The described fish meal, clam powder, shrimp powder, and fish oil are raw materials for aquaculture feed; the described scallop waste powder is made from discarded visceral masses and skirts and other raw materials during scallop processing through drying and pulverization; the described sargassum powder is made from wild seaweed through drying and pulverization; the described fermented soybean meal is the product after fermentation treatment of soybean meal; the described cottonseed meal and spirulina powder are raw materials for feed; the described breadcrumbs are waste raw materials during the production of bread by food enterprises; the described cuttlefish visceral powder is made from visceral waste during the processing of sea-caught cuttlefish through steaming, drying, and pulverization; the described coconut oil is a raw material for edible oil; the described buckwheat and hawthorn are food-grade raw materials; the described astragalus root, red peony root, forsythia fruit, gardenia fruit, mulberry leaf, and cassia seed are Chinese herbal medicine-grade raw materials; the described grape seed is a raw material for feed; the described compound vitamins, compound mineral salts, and medical stone powder are feed additives for aquaculture; the described fish scale glue powder is a food additive, and glutinous rice powder is a food-grade raw material.

[0018] When preparing the above-mentioned feed for integrated pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers, first take solid raw materials according to the following mass percentages: fish meal 32% - 35%, scallop waste powder 15% - 20%, sargassum powder 6% - 10%, fermented soybean meal 5% - 10%, cottonseed meal 5% - 10%, breadcrumbs 5% - 8%, spirulina powder 3% - 5%, clam powder 2% - 3%, shrimp powder 2% - 3%, cuttlefish visceral powder 1% - 2%, immune-enhancing composition 3% - 5%, compound vitamins 0.8% - 1.0%, compound minerals 0.6% - 0.8%, medical stone powder 1% - 2%, bioadhesive composition 1.0% - 1.2%, then perform ultrafine pulverization of the above solid raw materials through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain raw material powder, and stir and mix the pulverized raw material powder evenly. Add distilled water accounting for 20% - 25% of the total mass of the solid raw materials to the raw material powder for ripening, and the temperature of the distilled water is 53 °C - 55 °C. During the ripening process, add an oil and fat composition accounting for 3% - 5% of the total mass of the raw material powder. The oil and fat composition is composed of fish oil and coconut oil mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1. After the above-mentioned mixed raw materials are stirred sufficiently and evenly, they are extruded into a lump shape. The lump-shaped material is put into a granulator to obtain cylindrical pellet feeds with a diameter of 2 mm - 3 mm and a water content of 10% - 12%. Then, after sealing and packaging, the finished pellet feeds are obtained.

[0019] Example 1 (Feeding Comparative Experiment 1) Prepare feeds for the integrated culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers in ponds: According to 35% fish meal, 16% scallop waste powder, 8% Sargassum powder, 8% fermented soybean meal, 6% cottonseed meal, 6% breadcrumbs, 3% spirulina powder, 3% clam powder, 2% shrimp powder, 1% cuttlefish viscera powder, 4% oil and fat composition, 4% immune enhancer composition, 1% compound vitamin, 0.8% compound mineral, 1% medical stone powder, 1.2% biological adhesive composition, prepare the feed raw materials (by mass percentage).

[0020] Among them, the oil and fat composition is composed of fish oil and coconut oil mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1, that is, 2.0% fish oil (accounting for the total mass, the same below) and 2.0% coconut oil; The immune enhancer composition is composed of buckwheat, astragalus root, red peony root, forsythia fruit, gardenia fruit, mulberry leaf, cassia seed, grape seed and hawthorn mixed in a mass ratio of 4:2:3:3:2:2:1:2:1, that is, 0.8% buckwheat (accounting for the total mass, the same below), 0.4% astragalus root, 0.6% red peony root, 0.6% forsythia fruit, 0.4% gardenia fruit, 0.4% mulberry leaf, 0.2% cassia seed, 0.4% grape seed, 0.2% hawthorn; The biological adhesive composition is composed of fish scale glue powder and glutinous rice flour mixed in a mass ratio of 5:3, that is, 0.75% fish scale glue powder (accounting for the total mass, the same below) and 0.45% glutinous rice flour.

[0021] According to the preparation method of the present invention, using the above raw materials and adding water with a mass of 20% of the solid raw materials, the inventive feed A is prepared.

[0022] Take the inventive feed A for Feeding Comparative Experiment 1: The experiment lasts for 10 weeks and is carried out in the experimental enclosures of a seawater aquaculture pond. The enclosures are composed of polyethylene nets with a pore size of 0.5 cm and have an area of 16 m 2 / ind. (length × width = 4 m × 4 m), and 4 parallel enclosures are fed and treated in each group. The initial body weights of the experimental Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers are respectively: 159.32 ± 1.61 g / ind. and 10.58 ± 0.22 g / ind., and their aquaculture densities are respectively: 1.0 ind. / m 2and 2.0 ind. / m 2 The experimental polyculture animals were respectively fed with the inventive feed A, formulated feed B, and formulated feed C once at 17:00 every day, and the daily feeding amount was calculated according to 3% - 5% of the body weight of the cultured animals.

[0023] The formulated feed B and formulated feed C here were prepared with reference to the commercially available artificial formulated feed for Japanese sea bass.

[0024] The formula and proportion of the formulated feed B were: 36 kg of fish meal, 18 kg of flour, 24 kg of soybean meal, 8 kg of Sargassum thunbergii powder, 6 kg of degummed kelp powder, 6 kg of fish oil, 0.6 kg of compound vitamin, 0.6 kg of compound mineral, and 0.8 kg of sodium alginate (calculated per 100 kg of dry matter); The formula and proportion of the formulated feed C were: 42 kg of fish meal, 18 kg of flour, 19 kg of soybean meal, 6 kg of Sargassum thunbergii powder, 3 kg of Spirulina powder, 4 kg of fish oil, 2 kg of palm oil, 2 kg of lecithin, 0.7 kg of compound vitamin, 0.8 kg of compound mineral, 0.5 kg of choline chloride, 1 kg of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1 kg of sodium alginate (calculated per 100 kg of dry matter).

[0025] During the experiment, the water temperature, salinity, pH value, dissolved oxygen, and ammonia nitrogen concentration in the pond were respectively: 15.2 °C - 21.8 °C, 26.9 - 32.3, 8.2 ± 0.4, 6.04 mg / L - 8.51 mg / L, 0.11 mg / L - 0.49 mg / L. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0026] Table 1 Experimental results of feeding polycultured Japanese sea bass and sea cucumbers with different formulated feeds (feeding comparison experiment 1)

[0027] Note: LM: Japanese sea bass Spotted maigre ; AJ: Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus ; SGR: Specific growth rate per day (% / d); FCR: Feed conversion rate; LSZ: Lysozyme activity in the blood of Japanese sea bass (U / mL), lysozyme activity in the body wall of sea cucumber (U / mg); SOD: Superoxide dismutase activity in the blood of Japanese sea bass (U / mL), superoxide dismutase activity in the body wall of sea cucumber (U / mg); SR: Survival rate (%).

[0028] As can be seen from the results in Table 1, compared with other artificial compound feeds, the integrated cultured Japanese seabass fed with the feed of the present invention (i.e., Invention Feed A) has significantly faster growth rate and lower feed conversion rate, and its immune performance is also enhanced; although there is no significant difference in the growth performance and feed conversion rate of the integrated cultured sea cucumbers among the treatment groups, the feed of the present invention has an obvious effect on enhancing their immunity. The feed of the present invention can be used as a high-quality full-price slow-release pellet feed specifically for the integrated pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers in aquaculture production.

[0029] Example 2 (Feeding Comparative Experiment 2) Prepare a feed for the integrated pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers: according to 35% fish meal, 16% scallop waste powder, 8% Sargassum powder, 8% fermented soybean meal, 6% cotton meal, 5% breadcrumbs, 3% spirulina powder, 3% clam powder, 2% shrimp powder, 1% cuttlefish viscera powder, 4% oil composition, 5% immune enhancer composition, 1% compound vitamin, 0.8% compound mineral, 1% medical stone powder, 1.2% biological binder composition, prepare the feed raw materials (by mass percentage).

[0030] Among them, the oil composition is composed of fish oil and coconut oil mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1, that is, 2.0% fish oil (accounting for the total mass, the same below) and 2.0% coconut oil; The immune enhancer composition is composed of buckwheat, astragalus root, red peony root, forsythia fruit, gardenia fruit, mulberry leaf, cassia seed, grape seed and hawthorn mixed in a mass ratio of 4:2:3:3:2:2:1:2:1, that is, 1.0% buckwheat (accounting for the total mass, the same below), 0.5% astragalus root, 0.75% red peony root, 0.75% forsythia fruit, 0.5% gardenia fruit, 0.5% mulberry leaf, 0.25% cassia seed, 0.5% grape seed, 0.25% hawthorn; The biological binder composition is composed of fish scale glue powder and glutinous rice flour mixed in a mass ratio of 5:3, that is, 0.75% fish scale glue powder (accounting for the total mass, the same below) and 0.45% glutinous rice flour.

[0031] According to the preparation method described in the present invention, using the above raw materials and adding 20% by mass of water of the solid raw materials, the Invention Feed D of the control group is prepared.

[0032] Prepare a feed for the integrated pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers: according to 32% fish meal, 15% scallop waste powder, 10% Sargassum powder, 10% fermented soybean meal, 9% cotton meal, 6% breadcrumbs, 3% spirulina powder, 2% clam powder, 2% shrimp powder, 1% cuttlefish viscera powder, 3% oil composition, 3% immune enhancer composition, 1% compound vitamin, 0.8% compound mineral, 1% medical stone powder, 1.2% biological binder composition, prepare the feed raw materials (by mass percentage).

[0033] Among them, the oil and fat composition is formed by mixing fish oil and coconut oil according to a mass ratio of 1:1, that is, fish oil is 1.5% (accounting for the total mass, the same hereinafter), and coconut oil is 1.5%; The immune enhancing composition is formed by mixing buckwheat, astragalus root, red peony root, forsythia fruit, gardenia fruit, mulberry leaf, cassia seed, grape seed and hawthorn according to a mass ratio of 4:2:3:3:2:2:1:2:1, that is, buckwheat is 0.6% (accounting for the total mass, the same hereinafter), astragalus root is 0.3%, red peony root is 0.45%, forsythia fruit is 0.45%, gardenia fruit is 0.3%, mulberry leaf is 0.3%, cassia seed is 0.15%, grape seed is 0.3%, and hawthorn is 0.15%; The biological adhesive composition is formed by mixing fish scale glue powder and glutinous rice flour according to a mass ratio of 5:3, that is, fish scale glue powder is 0.75% (accounting for the total mass, the same hereinafter), and glutinous rice flour is 0.45%.

[0034] According to the preparation method of the present invention, using the above raw materials and adding water with a mass of 20% of the solid raw materials, the inventive feed E is prepared.

[0035] Prepare the control feed: According to fish meal 35%, scallop waste powder 16%, sargassum powder 10%, fermented soybean meal 8%, cottonseed meal 6%, breadcrumbs 8%, spirulina powder 3%, clam powder 3%, shrimp powder 2%, cuttlefish viscera powder 1%, oil and fat composition 4%, compound vitamin 1%, compound mineral 0.8%, medical stone powder 1%, biological adhesive composition 1.2%, prepare the feed raw materials (by mass percentage).

[0036] Among them, the oil and fat composition is formed by mixing fish oil and coconut oil according to a mass ratio of 1:1, that is, fish oil is 2.0% (accounting for the total mass, the same hereinafter), and coconut oil is 2.0%; The biological adhesive composition is formed by mixing fish scale glue powder and glutinous rice flour according to a mass ratio of 5:3, that is, fish scale glue powder is 0.75% (accounting for the total mass, the same hereinafter), and glutinous rice flour is 0.45%.

[0037] According to the preparation method of the present invention, using the above raw materials and adding water with a mass of 20% of the solid raw materials, the control feed F is prepared.

[0038] Take the inventive feed A, inventive feed D, inventive feed E and control feed F for a feeding comparison experiment.

[0039] The experiment lasts for 10 weeks and is carried out in the experimental enclosures of a seawater aquaculture pond. The enclosures are composed of polyethylene nets with a pore size of 0.5 cm and an area of 16 m 2 / ind. (Length × Width = 4 m × 4 m), with 4 parallel enclosures for each feeding treatment. The initial body weights of the experimental Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers were: 160.45 ± 1.38 g / ind. and 10.65 ± 0.31 g / ind., respectively, and their stocking densities were 1.0 ind. / m 2 and 2.0 ind. / m 2 . The experimental polyculture animals were fed Invention Feed A, Invention Feed B, Invention Feed E, and Comparative Feed F, respectively, once at 17:00 every day, and the daily feeding amount was calculated based on 3% - 5% of the body weight of the cultured animals.

[0040] During the experiment, the water temperature, salinity, pH value, dissolved oxygen, and ammonia nitrogen concentration in the pond were: 15.4 °C - 22.1 °C, 26.8 - 32.6, 8.1 ± 0.3, 7.28 mg / L - 8.96 mg / L, 0.12 mg / L - 0.51 mg / L, respectively. The experimental results are shown in Table 2.

[0041] Table 2 Experimental results of feeding polyculture Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers with different compound feeds (Feeding comparison experiment 2)

[0042] Note: LM: Japanese seabass Spotted maigre ; AJ: Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus ; SGR: Specific growth rate per day (% / d); FCR: Feed conversion rate; LSZ: Lysozyme activity in the blood of Japanese seabass (U / mL), Lysozyme activity in the body wall of sea cucumber (U / mg); SOD: Superoxide dismutase activity in the blood of Japanese seabass (U / mL), Superoxide dismutase activity in the body wall of sea cucumber (U / mg); SR: Survival rate (%).

[0043] As can be seen from the results in Table 2, there were no significant differences in the growth rate, survival rate, feed conversion rate, and immune enzyme activity of the polyculture animals fed with different ratios of the invention feeds (Invention Feed A, D, E) of the present invention. However, the polyculture Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers fed with Invention Feed A have shown better growth, feeding, and immune performance and trends. Invention Feed A should be a product with a better raw material ratio of the present invention; since the Comparative Feed F did not contain the immune enhancing composition component, the activities of non-specific immune enzymes (lysozyme and superoxide dismutase) of the polyculture animals fed with it were significantly lower than those of the invention feeds of the present invention, which fully reflects the specific and positive effects of the immune enhancing composition in the invention feeds of the present invention.

[0044] Example 3 (Feeding comparison experiment 3) Prepare the feed for polyculture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers in ponds. According to the raw material ratio and preparation method of the invention feed of the present invention described in Example 1, Invention Feed A was prepared.

[0045] Prepare non-sustained-release pellet feed by mixing the following feed raw materials by mass percentage: fish meal 35%, scallop waste powder 16%, sargassum powder 8%, fermented soybean meal 8%, cottonseed meal 6%, breadcrumbs 7%, spirulina powder 3%, clam powder 3%, shrimp powder 2%, cuttlefish viscera powder 1%, oil composition 4%, immune enhancer composition 4%, compound vitamins 1%, compound minerals 0.8%, and medical stone powder 1.2%.

[0046] Among them, the oil composition is composed of fish oil and coconut oil mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1, that is, fish oil 2.0% (accounting for the total mass, the same below), and coconut oil 2.0%. The immune enhancer composition is composed of buckwheat, astragalus root, red peony root, forsythia fruit, gardenia fruit, mulberry leaf, cassia seed, grape seed and hawthorn mixed in a mass ratio of 4:2:3:3:2:2:1:2:1, that is, buckwheat 0.8% (accounting for the total mass, the same below), astragalus root 0.4%, red peony root 0.6%, forsythia fruit 0.6%, gardenia fruit 0.4%, mulberry leaf 0.4%, cassia seed 0.2%, grape seed 0.4%, and hawthorn 0.2%.

[0047] According to the preparation method of the present invention, use the above raw materials and add 20% by mass of water based on the solid raw materials to make non-sustained-release control pellet feed G.

[0048] Take the inventive feed A and the non-sustained-release control pellet feed G for a comparative breeding experiment: The experiment lasted for 8 weeks and was carried out in an indoor controllable seawater aquaculture system. The experimental Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers were cultured in cylindrical PVC tanks with a diameter of 100 cm and a water storage capacity of 1.0 t. There were 4 parallel tanks for each of the two treatments. The initial body weights of the experimental Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers were 156.82 ± 1.25 g / ind. and 10.37 ± 0.24 g / ind., respectively, and their breeding densities were 3 ind. / m 3 and 10 ind. / m 3 . The experimental aquaculture animals were fed the inventive feed A and the control feed G, respectively. They were fed once at 17:00 every day, and the daily feeding amount was 5% of the body weight of the aquaculture animals; the tanks were cleaned and the water was changed twice a week. During the experiment, the water temperature was controlled at 15.0 °C to 18.0 °C, the salinity range was 28.0 to 32.0, the average pH value was 8.2 ± 0.2, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration varied from 0.05 mg / L to 0.12 mg / L. The experimental results are shown in Table 3.

[0049] Table 3 Experimental results of feeding the integrated aquaculture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers with sustained-release and non-sustained-release pellet feeds (feeding comparative experiment 3)

[0050] Note: LM: Japanese seabass Spotted maigre ; AJ: Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus ; SGR: Specific growth rate per day (% / d); FCR: Feed conversion ratio; SCR: Feed loss rate (%).

[0051] As can be seen from the results in Table 3, compared with the control feed, the feed of the present invention has a low feed conversion ratio and obvious slow-release effect, and its loss rates at 24 h and 48 h in the aquaculture water body conform to the feeding rules and production management characteristics of polyculture animals.

[0052] The above feeding comparison experiment results show that the feed of the present invention has high utilization rate, significantly promotes the growth performance of Japanese seabass and sea cucumber in pond polyculture, and has good feeding effect. The specific combination of immune enhancers can significantly improve the body immunity of polyculture animals, ensure the safety of aquaculture production, and improve aquaculture economic benefits; the specific combination of bioadhesives endows the feed of the present invention with good slow-release performance, thereby ensuring continuous and effective nutrient supply for polyculture animals. The preparation method of the inventive feed is simple, and the main raw materials are all natural animal and plant components, which are green, environmentally friendly and safe. The feed of the present invention is a high-quality full-price slow-release pellet feed specially for pond polyculture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumber.

Claims

1. A feed for integrated pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumber, characterized in that: The feed described above consists of two parts: the raw material part and water. The raw material part is composed of the following components mixed according to the mass percentage: Fish meal: 32% - 35%, Scallop waste powder: 15% - 20%, Sargassum powder: 6% - 10%, Fermented soybean meal: 5% - 10%, Cottonseed meal: 5% - 10%, Bread crumbs: 5% - 8%, Spirulina powder: 3% - 5%, Clam powder: 2% - 3%, Shrimp powder: 2% - 3%, Cuttlefish viscera powder: 1% - 2%, Oil composition: 3% - 5%, Immune enhancer composition: 3% - 5%, Compound vitamin: 0.8% - 1.0%, Compound mineral: 0.6% - 0.8%, Medical stone powder: 1% - 2%, Biological binder composition: 1.0% - 1.2% The mass of water is 20 - 25% of the total mass of the raw material part.

2. The feed for comprehensive pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil composition described above is composed of the following components mixed according to the mass ratio: Fish oil: Coconut oil = 1:1 3. The feed for integrated pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The immune enhancer composition described above is composed of the following components mixed according to the mass ratio: Buckwheat: Astragalus membranaceus: Paeonia lactiflora: Forsythia suspensa: Gardenia jasminoides: Mulberry leaf: Cassia obtusifolia: Grape seed: Hawthorn = 4:2:3:3:2:2:1:2:1 4. The feed for comprehensive pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biological binder composition described above is composed of the following components mixed according to the mass ratio: Fish scale glue powder: Glutinous rice flour = 5:3 5. The feed for integrated pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed described above consists of two parts: the raw material part and water. The raw material part is composed of the following components mixed according to the mass percentage: Fish meal: 35%, Scallop waste powder: 16%, Sargassum powder: 8%, Fermented soybean meal: 8%, Cottonseed meal: 6%, Bread crumbs: 6%, Spirulina powder: 3%, Clam powder: 3%, Shrimp powder: 2%, Cuttlefish viscera powder: 1%, Oil composition: 4%, Immune enhancer composition: 4%, Compound vitamin: 1%, Compound mineral: 0.8%, Medical stone powder: 1%, Biological binder composition: 1.2% The oil composition is composed of fish oil and coconut oil mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:

1. The immune enhancer composition is composed of buckwheat, astragalus membranaceus, paeonia lactiflora, forsythia suspensa, gardenia jasminoides, mulberry leaf, cassia obtusifolia, grape seed and hawthorn mixed according to a mass ratio of 4:2:3:3:2:2:1:2:

1. The biological binder composition is composed of fish scale glue powder and glutinous rice flour mixed according to a mass ratio of 5:

3. The mass of water is 20% of the total mass of the raw material part.

6. A preparation method of feed for integrated pond culture of Japanese seabass and sea cucumbers, characterized in that: First, take solid raw materials according to the following mass percentages: fish meal 32% - 35%, scallop waste powder 15% - 20%, sargassum powder 6% - 10%, fermented soybean meal 5% - 10%, cottonseed meal 5% - 10%, breadcrumbs 5% - 8%, spirulina powder 3% - 5%, clam powder 2% - 3%, shrimp powder 2% - 3%, cuttlefish viscera powder 1% - 2%, immune enhancing composition 3% - 5%, compound vitamins 0.8% - 1.0%, compound minerals 0.6% - 0.8%, medical stone powder 1% - 2%, biological binder composition 1.0% - 1.2%. Then, perform ultrafine pulverization of the above solid raw materials through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain raw material powder, and stir and mix the pulverized raw material powder evenly. Add distilled water accounting for 20% - 25% of the total mass of the solid raw materials to the raw material powder for ripening, and the temperature of the distilled water is 53 °C - 55 °C. During the ripening process, add an oil and fat composition accounting for 3% - 5% of the total mass of the raw material powder. The oil and fat composition is composed of fish oil and coconut oil mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:

1. After the above mixed raw materials are stirred sufficiently and evenly, extrude them into a lump shape, and put the lump-shaped material into a granulator to obtain cylindrical pellet feed with a diameter of 2 mm - 3 mm and a water content of 10% - 12%. Then, through sealing and packaging, the finished pellet feed is obtained.

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