Feed additive and feed for improving culture benefits of crucian carps and application of feed additive and feed

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a feed additive for improving crucian breeding benefits, a feed and application of the feed additive and the feed. The feed additive capable of improving the culture benefits of the crucian carps, provided by the invention, is prepared by mixing bacterial solutions of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomyces cerevisiae and clostridium butyricum. The additive accounts for 2-6% of the mass fraction of a basal feed and is added into the feed. The complex microbial inoculant feed significantly improves the weight gain rate of crucian carps, reduces the feed coefficient, and improves the disease resistance of the crucian carps by enhancing the activity of immune enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Meanwhile, the chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the water body can be reduced, and the breeding environment is remarkably improved. The feed additive has the comprehensive benefits of promoting growth, enhancing immunity and reducing pollution, and an efficient solution is provided for green and sustainable development of aquaculture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and more specifically, relates to a feed additive, a feed and their applications for improving the breeding efficiency of crucian carp. Background Art

[0002] Aquatic feeds are an important material basis for the development of aquaculture, and their types and quality directly determine the economic benefits of the aquaculture industry. However, in modern large-scale intensive aquaculture, there are generally problems such as high stocking density, large feed input and residues, and serious accumulation of aquatic animal excreta, which often lead to water pollution and large-scale epidemic diseases, resulting in a decline in the production performance of farmed animals.

[0003] Currently, artificial compound feeds are widely used and have a high proportion in aquaculture. This type of feed is mainly produced by mixing various raw materials in a certain proportion and then through industrial processing on a production line. Therefore, artificial compound feeds have advantages such as easy storage and transportation, balanced nutrition, and diverse types, and also play positive roles such as water conservation and emission reduction in intensive aquaculture, and are the main feeds used in the aquaculture industry.

[0004] Inevitably, there are certain disadvantages in the production process of artificial compound feeds. Phytoprotein sources in feed raw materials will produce various anti-nutritional factors in actual production, seriously affecting the quality and utilization of feeds, reducing their nutritional value; they may even have an antagonistic effect on the absorption of nutrients in the animal intestine, cause allergic reactions and stress effects on the immune tissues in the body, and affect the health and growth of farmed animals.

[0005] Therefore, inventing a feed additive that is environmentally friendly to the breeding environment and can improve the breeding efficiency of crucian carp, so as to obtain high-quality fish products, is a key problem that needs to be urgently solved in future aquaculture and the feed industry. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed additive, a feed and their applications for improving the breeding efficiency of crucian carp.

[0007] The present invention provides a feed additive for improving the breeding efficiency of crucian carp. In the feed additive, Bacillus subtilis liquid, Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, Saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid and Clostridium butyricum liquid are mixed in a volume ratio of 40-50:5-15:15-25:20-30. The OD 620 value of the Bacillus subtilis liquid is 4-4.5, the OD 600 value of the Lactobacillus plantarum liquid is 5-5.5, the OD 600 value of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid is 4.5-5, and the OD 600 value of the Clostridium butyricum liquid is 3-3.5.

[0008] The feed additive for improving the crucian carp breeding efficiency provided by the present invention is obtained by preparing Bacillus subtilis liquid, Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, Saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid and Clostridium butyricum liquid according to a specific ratio. The feed prepared by the feed additive can significantly improve the weight gain rate of farmed crucian carp after feeding, enhance the immunity of crucian carp, and reduce water pollution in the breeding process.

[0009] The invention also provides a feed for improving crucian carp breeding efficiency, which is prepared by mixing a basic feed with the above-mentioned feed additive, wherein the feed additive dosage is 2% to 6% of the mass fraction of the basic feed.

[0010] Furthermore, the basic feed ingredients calculated by mass include: 2 to 6 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 2 to 5 parts of spirulina powder, 16 to 18 parts of fermented soybean meal, 6 to 7 parts of fish meal, 5 to 7 parts of shrimp meal, 3 to 5 parts of cottonseed protein concentrate, 3 to 5 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 10 to 12 parts of mealworm powder, 17 to 19 parts of flour, 9 to 11 parts of bran, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of soybean oil, 1 to 3 parts of fish oil, 1 to 3 parts of soybean lecithin, 1 to 3 parts of aquatic multivitamins, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of choline chloride, 1 to 3 parts of trace element premix, 0.1 to 0.6 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1 to 0.6 parts of salt.

[0011] The invention also provides application of the feed additive or the feed in improving the crucian carp breeding efficiency.

[0012] Furthermore, the improvement of crucian carp farming efficiency includes improving crucian carp immunity.

[0013] Furthermore, the improvement of crucian carp breeding efficiency includes promoting crucian carp weight gain.

[0014] Furthermore, the improvement of crucian carp breeding efficiency includes reducing water quality pollution in the water environment used to breed crucian carp.

[0015] Furthermore, the improvement of crucian carp immunity is achieved by enhancing the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase.

[0016] Furthermore, the reduction of crucian carp breeding water pollution includes reducing the chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen content, total phosphorus content and total nitrogen content in the water environment.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention can effectively improve the nutritional value of feed, enhance the absorption conversion rate of feed, promote the growth of cultured crucian carp, and enhance the immunity of cultured crucian carp by adding feed additives that improve the efficiency of crucian carp breeding; reduce the pollution of the water environment during the breeding process, improve the breeding environment, thereby improving the economic benefits of breeding, and realizing the healthy and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a flow chart for the preparation of feed additives and feeds. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following embodiments can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.

[0021] Example 1: A method for preparing feed additives and feeds for improving the breeding efficiency of crucian carp.

[0022] I. Preparation of feed additives.

[0023] Bacillus subtilis (ZKJY-KCBS-2023); Lactobacillus plantarum (ZKJY-ZWLJSJ-2023); Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BTN12-193y); Clostridium butyricum (ZKJY-DBSJ-2023) are all purchased from Shandong Zhongke Jiayi Bioengineering Co., Ltd. The steps for activating the strains are as follows:

[0024] 1. Activation and cultivation of Bacillus subtilis: First, thaw the strain and activate it in LB solid medium for 2 generations. Then, pick colonies and inoculate them into 5 mL of LB broth medium, and culture at 37 °C for 24 h to obtain the primary fermentation broth. Then, inoculate 1.5% of the medium volume into 250 mL of LB broth medium and culture at 37 °C overnight to obtain the secondary fermentation broth of Bacillus subtilis with an OD 620 value of 4.1.

[0025] 2. Activation and cultivation of Lactobacillus plantarum: First, thaw the strain and activate it in MRS solid medium for 2 generations. Pick colonies and inoculate them into 5 mL of MRS broth medium, and culture at 37 °C for 48 h to obtain the primary fermentation broth. Inoculate 1.5% of the medium volume into 250 mL of MRS broth medium and culture at 37 °C for 48 h to obtain the secondary fermentation broth of Lactobacillus plantarum with an OD 600 value of 5.3.

[0026] 3. Activation and cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: First, thaw the strain and activate it in PDA solid medium for 2 generations. Pick colonies and inoculate them into 5 mL of PDB broth medium, and culture at 28 °C for 72 h to obtain the primary fermentation broth. Inoculate the primary fermentation broth into 250 mL of PDB broth medium and culture at 28 °C for 72 h to obtain the secondary fermentation broth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an OD 600 value of 4.6.

[0027] 4. Activation and cultivation of Clostridium butyricum: Thaw and activate the strain in an anaerobic workstation, and use the modified RCM medium for streak plate cultivation. Incubate anaerobically at 37°C for 48 h, and select single colonies for subculture. First, pick a single colony and inoculate it into 40 mL of liquid medium, and culture it at 37°C for 24 h to form the primary fermentation broth. Then, transfer it to 400 mL of medium according to an inoculation amount of 4%, and continue to culture for 18 h to obtain the secondary fermentation broth. Finally, inoculate the secondary fermentation broth into a 2 L small fermenter at a volume percentage of 4%, set the temperature at 37°C, pH value at 6.8, and the stirring speed at 150 rpm, and culture for 16 h to obtain the tertiary fermentation broth of Clostridium butyricum with an OD 600 value of 3.4.

[0028] 5. Prepare the feed additive by mixing the fermentation broths according to the following volume fractions: 45% of the secondary fermentation broth of Bacillus subtilis, 10% of the secondary fermentation broth of Lactobacillus plantarum, 20% of the secondary fermentation broth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and 25% of the tertiary fermentation broth of Clostridium butyricum.

[0029] II. Preparation of compound feed.

[0030] 1. Feed production includes the following steps: Mulberry leaf powder (homemade, pick mulberry leaves and soak them in running water for 1 hour, mix mulberry leaves and protease in a mass ratio of 50:1, after enzymatic hydrolysis reaction at 50 °C, separate the precipitate with an 80-mesh filter screen respectively, and finally concentrate and dry the precipitate at 120 °C to obtain mulberry leaf powder), spirulina powder (Cibai Nian Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd.), cottonseed protein concentrate (Beijing Hongrun Baoshun Technology Co., Ltd.), fermented soybean meal (Hebei Jize Tiande Bio-Feed Co., Ltd.), soy protein concentrate (Zhejiang Yinuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), shrimp powder (Qingdao Fengfan Fishing Co., Ltd.), fish meal (Weihai Runde Aquatic Products Co., Ltd.), yellow mealworm powder (Xi'an Youlanda Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), flour (Zhengzhou Ruipu Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd.), wheat bran (Haomianyuan Flour Group), soybean oil (Shandong Fuze Kang Edible Oil Co., Ltd.), fish oil (purchased from Beijing Jiabowen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), soy lecithin (purchased from Beijing Jiabowen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), aquatic multi-vitamins (purchased from Beijing Jiabowen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), choline chloride, trace element premix (purchased from Beijing Jiabowen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), calcium dihydrogen phosphate (Lianyungang Kede Food Ingredients Co., Ltd.), salt (Shanghai Branch of China National Salt Industry Corporation). By mass fraction, first, in a closed fermentation tank, fully mix 5 parts of feed additive with 18 parts of flour, 10 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of fish meal, and 6 parts of shrimp powder in the feed raw materials, and pre-react for 75 min to obtain a pre-reaction mixture. Add the remaining feed raw materials (including: 5 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 4 parts of spirulina powder, 17 parts of fermented soybean meal, 4 parts of cottonseed protein concentrate, 4 parts of soy protein concentrate, 11 parts of yellow mealworm powder, 1 part of soybean oil, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of soy lecithin, 2 parts of aquatic multi-vitamins, 1 part of choline chloride, 2 parts of trace element premix, 0.5 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of salt) to the pre-reaction mixture, and keep it airtight and ferment at 32 °C for 45 hours to obtain the feed. The process is as Figure 1 shown.

[0031] Example 2: Application of feed for improving the breeding efficiency of crucian carp.

[0032] I. Experimental grouping.

[0033] Group 0 is the control group, using ordinary pellet feed purchased on the market, provided by Xinkang Feed Co., Ltd.

[0034] Group 1, the weight fractions of each component are: 5 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 4 parts of spirulina powder, 17 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of shrimp powder, 4 parts of cottonseed protein concentrate, 4 parts of soy protein concentrate, 11 parts of yellow mealworm powder, 18 parts of flour, 10 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of soybean oil, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of soy lecithin, 2 parts of aquatic multi-vitamins, 1 part of choline chloride, 2 parts of trace element premix, 0.5 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of salt, and 5 parts of the feed additive prepared in Example 1.

[0035] There are 2 groups, and the weight parts of each component are as follows: 3 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 3 parts of spirulina powder, 16 parts of fermented soybean meal, 6 parts of fish meal, 7 parts of shrimp powder, 4 parts of cottonseed protein concentrate, 4 parts of soy protein concentrate, 9 parts of yellow mealworm powder, 19 parts of flour, 13 parts of wheat bran, 1.5 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of fish oil, 1 part of soy lecithin, 2 parts of aquatic multi-vitamins, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 3 parts of trace element premix, 1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of salt, and 4.5 parts of the feed additive prepared in Example 1.

[0036] There are 3 groups, and the weight parts of each component are as follows: 4 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 4 parts of spirulina powder, 18 parts of fermented soybean meal, 4 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of shrimp powder, 3 parts of cottonseed protein concentrate, 3 parts of soy protein concentrate, 10 parts of yellow mealworm powder, 21 parts of flour, 12 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of soybean oil, 2 parts of fish oil, 1.5 parts of soy lecithin, 2.5 parts of aquatic multi-vitamins, 1 part of choline chloride, 2.5 parts of trace element premix, 1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of salt, and 4 parts of the feed additive prepared in Example 1.

[0037] Common crucian carp with an average body weight of 55.4 g / tail and the same growth environment were selected for the experiment. The feeding equipment was a glass aquaculture water tank, and 20 crucian carp were stocked in each water tank. The experimental period was 25 days. During the feeding process, the feed was fed once in the morning and once in the afternoon every day, and the residual bait was sucked out by the siphon method. To ensure the accuracy of the data, all were repeated three times, and the environmental conditions of all water tanks were kept consistent during the experiment. The body weight of the fish and the analysis of physiological indicators were measured before stocking and at the end of the experiment.

[0038] II. Growth performance analysis.

[0039] In the aquaculture industry, growth performance is the most critical indicator for evaluating the economic benefits of farmed animals. The body weight and feed coefficient of each experimental group were measured and analyzed at the beginning and end of the experiment. The specific results are shown in Table 1. The data in Table 1 show that the final body weight, average weight gain, and average weight gain rate of the three experimental groups after the experiment were all higher than those of the control group. Among them, the group with the most obvious weight gain rate was Group 1; at the same time, the feed coefficient was lower than that of the control group, and the largest reduction was in Group 1. Therefore, the feed provided by the present invention can effectively improve the growth performance of crucian carp and reduce the feed coefficient, thereby saving the breeding cost of enterprises and improving economic benefits. The calculation formulas for the weight gain rate and feed coefficient are as follows:

[0040]

[0041] Among them, F represents the feed intake, Wf represents the average final weight (g), and Wi represents the average initial weight (g).

[0042] Table 1: Growth performance and feed coefficient of crucian carp under different feed sources

[0043] Index Group 0 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Initial body weight (g) <![CDATA[55.4±1.0 a > <![CDATA[55.3±1.8 a > <![CDATA[54.8±1.5 a > <![CDATA[55.9±2.2 a > Final body weight (g) <![CDATA[72.1±1.1 c > <![CDATA[80.9±2.2 a > <![CDATA[77.6±2.9 ab > <![CDATA[76.8±3.2 b > Average weight gain (g) <![CDATA[16.7±1.8 b > <![CDATA[25.6±1.9 a > <![CDATA[22.8±2.2 a > <![CDATA[20.9±2.6 ab > Average weight gain rate (%) <![CDATA[30.1±1.9 d > <![CDATA[46.3±2.0 a > <![CDATA[41.6±2.5 b > <![CDATA[37.4±2.9 c > Feed conversion ratio <![CDATA[1.48±0.12 a > <![CDATA[1.08±0.09 b > <![CDATA[1.19±0.13 b > <![CDATA[1.28±0.15 ab >

[0044] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups, p < 0.05.

[0045] III. Immune performance analysis.

[0046] The important immune characteristic enzymes in aquaculture animals mainly include superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, etc. By measuring the activities of related characteristic enzymes and relying on the changing trends of enzyme activities, the immune performance of cultured animals can be indirectly reflected.

[0047] Based on this, in order to explore the effects of different feed sources on the immune performance of crucian carp, at the end of the experiment, the activities of immune characteristic enzymes in the crucian carp in each experimental group were measured and analyzed. The specific results are shown in Table 2. The data in Table 2 show that the activities of the characteristic enzymes closely related to the body's immune ability, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, and malondialdehyde, all increased to varying degrees, among which the obvious growth rates were those of glutathione peroxidase and catalase. The above data indicate that after feeding the feed, the immune function of cultured crucian carp was significantly enhanced. Therefore, this feed can play a great potential in improving the immunity of aquaculture animals and maintaining healthy aquaculture.

[0048] Table 2: Activities of immune characteristic enzymes in crucian carp under different feed sources

[0049] Item Group 0 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Glutathione peroxidase (U / mg) <![CDATA[32.14±2.43 c > <![CDATA[42.90±1.89 a > <![CDATA[41.71±3.22 ab > <![CDATA[40.37±1.15 b <!-- 4 -->]]> Lysozyme (U / L) <![CDATA[92.03±4.18 c > <![CDATA[101.72±2.76 a > <![CDATA[97.44±3.79 b > <![CDATA[100.54±1.45 ab > Malondialdehyde (nmol / mg) <![CDATA[4.32±0.35 c > <![CDATA[5.84±0.19 b > <![CDATA[6.35±0.77 a > <![CDATA[5.93±0.17 b > Superoxide dismutase (U / mg) <![CDATA[82.35±4.05 b > <![CDATA[91.59±3.18 a > <![CDATA[89.71±5.21 a > <![CDATA[91.24±3.46 a > Alkaline phosphatase (U / g) <![CDATA[41.69±1.17 b > <![CDATA[47.17±1.53 a > <![CDATA[45.47±2.85 a > <![CDATA[44.85±1.99 a > Acid phosphatase (U / g) <![CDATA[122.53±8.49 b > <![CDATA[132.91±9.48 a > <![CDATA[131.82±5.49 a > <![CDATA[132.42±6.32 a > Catalase (U / g) <![CDATA[13.49±0.89 b > <![CDATA[17.05±1.13 a > <![CDATA[17.51±0.92 a > <![CDATA[17.84±1.45 a >

[0050] Note: Data are expressed as mean ± SD, n = 3.

[0051] IV. Environmental benefit analysis.

[0052] In recent years, due to the unreasonable addition of antibiotics in aquaculture feeds, problems such as drug residues and drug resistance have emerged, bringing very serious food safety problems. Therefore, the research and development of environmentally friendly functional aquaculture feeds has become a current hot topic. In order to test the impact of the feed on water quality, during the experiment, the contents of pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (calculated as P), and total nitrogen in the culture tanks of the control group and the three experimental groups were measured every day. The average data of each index are shown in Table 3.

[0053] Table 3: Water quality analysis of culture tanks under different feed sources

[0054] Item Group 0 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 pH 6.3～7.5 6.5～7.9 6.5～7.2 6.5～7.4 COD (mg / L) <![CDATA[35.33±4.53 a > <![CDATA[30.41±2.18 a > <![CDATA[25.49±0.98 b > <![CDATA[27.08±1.27 b > Ammonia nitrogen (mg / L) <![CDATA[4.16±0.32 a > <![CDATA[3.02±0.29 a > <![CDATA[1.88±0.09 b > <![CDATA[2.24±0.18 b > Total phosphorus (mg / L) <![CDATA[0.47±0.051 a > <![CDATA[0.37±0.037 a > <![CDATA[0.27±0.03 c > <![CDATA[0.31±0.02 b > Total nitrogen (mg / L) <![CDATA[6.82±0.76 a > <![CDATA[4.89±0.26 a > <![CDATA[2.96±0.15 c > <![CDATA[3.32±0.22 b >

[0055] Note: Data are expressed as mean ± SD, n = 3.

[0056] Taking the water quality indicators of Group 0 as the benchmark, the main pollutants in the water quality of the other three experimental groups were analyzed. The specific data are shown in Tables 4 and 5. The results show that the indicators of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen in the water tanks of the three experimental groups are all lower than those of the control group, showing a downward trend. The most obvious reduction effect among the four indicators of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen is in Experimental Group 1. The change data of pollutants indicate that after the feed is fed, it can reduce pollution and improve water quality, thereby reducing the probability and risk of diseases of farmed animals and enhancing the breeding efficiency.

[0057] Table 4: Analysis of pollutant changes in the water tanks of the experimental groups

[0058] Item Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 COD <![CDATA[-4.92 a > <![CDATA[-3.33 c > <![CDATA[-3.95 b > <![CDATA[Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N)]]> <![CDATA[-1.14 a > <![CDATA[-0.78 b > <![CDATA[-0.66 b > Total phosphorus (calculated as P) <![CDATA[-0.10 a > <![CDATA[-0.05 b > <![CDATA[-0.08 a > Total nitrogen <![CDATA[-1.93 a > <![CDATA[-1.57 b > <![CDATA[-1.44 b >

[0059] Note: Based on Group 0, the data are expressed as mean values.

[0060] Table 5: Reduction rates of pollutants in the water tanks of the experimental groups under different feed sources

[0061] Item Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 COD <![CDATA[-16.18 a > <![CDATA[-10.95 b > <![CDATA[-12.99 b > <![CDATA[Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N)]]> <![CDATA[-37.75 a > <![CDATA[-25.83 b > <![CDATA[-21.85 c > Total phosphorus (calculated as P) <![CDATA[-27.03 a > <![CDATA[-16.22 c > <![CDATA[-21.62 b > Total nitrogen <![CDATA[-39.47 a > <![CDATA[-32.11 b > <![CDATA[-29.45 c >

[0062] With the large-scale development of the aquaculture industry, water environmental pollution in the surrounding rivers of freshwater aquaculture areas is an important factor leading to water pollution in the basin. Carrying out water environment degradation and purification of water pollution in freshwater aquaculture areas and implementing the concept of green and high-quality development of fisheries are conducive to promoting the transformation and upgrading of the industry and achieving sustainable development. Based on this, the environmental benefits after feed feeding were further evaluated.

[0063] Table 6: Reduction and emission amounts of pollutants under different feed sources

[0064] Item Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 COD <![CDATA[21.56 a > <![CDATA[14.59 c > <![CDATA[17.31 b > <![CDATA[Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N)]]> <![CDATA[5.00 a > <![CDATA[3.42 b > <![CDATA[2.89 b > Total phosphorus (calculated as P) <![CDATA[0.44 a > <![CDATA[0.26 a > <![CDATA[0.35 a > Total nitrogen <![CDATA[8.46 a > <![CDATA[6.88 b > <![CDATA[6.31 b >

[0065] According to the changes of various pollutants shown in Tables 5 and 6, taking the total water volume of 1 aquaculture pond (10 mu of water surface, 1.8 meters in depth) in the outdoor large-scale aquaculture area as 12006 m 3 An experiment was carried out. The reduction and emission amounts of pollutants after feeding the feed are shown in Table 6. The results show that after feeding in Groups 1, 2, and 3, the emission amounts of pollutants can be greatly reduced, effectively reducing the pollution load entering the river. Among the three experimental groups, the effect of Group 1 is the most obvious. Therefore, compared with ordinary pellet feeds on the market, the feed of the present invention can help reduce water pollution, improve the aquaculture environment, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry after being put into use.

[0066] It should be noted that when the claims of the present invention involve numerical ranges, it should be understood that both endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected. To avoid unnecessary repetition, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described.

[0067] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they know the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0068] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention is also intended to include these changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A feed additive for improving the breeding efficiency of crucian carp, characterized in that, The feed additive is prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis liquid, Lactobacillus plantarum liquid, Saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid and Clostridium butyricum liquid in a volume ratio of 40-50:5-15:15-25:20-30, and the OD 620 value of the Bacillus subtilis liquid is 4-4.5, the OD 600 value of the Lactobacillus plantarum liquid is 5-5.5, the OD 600 value of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid is 4.5-5, and the OD 600 value of the Clostridium butyricum liquid is 3-3.

5.

2. A feed for improving the breeding efficiency of crucian carp, characterized in that, The feed additive is mixed with a basic feed and the feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the feed additive added is 2% to 6% of the mass fraction of the basic feed.

3. The feed for improving the breeding efficiency of crucian carp according to claim 2, characterized in that The basic feed ingredients calculated by mass include: 2-6 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 2-5 parts of spirulina powder, 16-18 parts of fermented soybean meal, 6-7 parts of fish meal, 5-7 parts of shrimp meal, 3-5 parts of cottonseed concentrated protein, 3-5 parts of soybean concentrated protein, 10-12 parts of mealworm powder, 17-19 parts of flour, 9-11 parts of bran, 0.5-1.5 parts of soybean oil, 1-3 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of soybean lecithin, 1-3 parts of aquatic multivitamins, 0.5-1.5 parts of choline chloride, 1-3 parts of trace element premix, 0.1-0.6 parts of monocalcium phosphate, and 0.1-0.6 parts of salt.

4. Use of the feed additive according to claim 1 or the feed according to claim 2 in improving the efficiency of crucian carp breeding.

5. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for improving the crucian carp breeding efficiency includes improving the immunity of crucian carp.

6. The application according to claim 4, wherein The method for improving the crucian carp breeding efficiency includes promoting the weight gain of crucian carp.

7. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that The improvement of crucian carp breeding efficiency includes reducing crucian carp breeding water pollution.

8. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, The improvement of crucian carp immunity is achieved by enhancing the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase.

9. The application according to claim 7, wherein The method for reducing water pollution for crucian carp breeding includes reducing chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen content, total phosphorus content and total nitrogen content in the water environment.

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