Application of fermented prawn shell feed composite material in sipunculus nudus culture

Abstract

The invention relates to application of a fermented prawn shell feed composite material in sipunculus nudus culture, and belongs to the field of feed. Prawn shells are processed by utilizing local rich prawns in Zhanjiang, and a grain-saving animal protein source, namely, shrimp shell protein, is developed through an upgrading fermentation technology; and then forming the special feed for sipunculus nudus culture by matching with algae and the like. And a special and serialized high-efficiency precise fermented feed product system for aquaculture animals is constructed. Recycling of agricultural wastes in the same area is realized; the indoor high-density breeding of the Zhanjiang sandworm is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of feeds, and particularly relates to the application of a fermented prawn shell feed composite in the cultivation of peanut worms. Background Art

[0002] In China, there are two organisms commonly known as "peanut worms", namely Sipunculus nudus and Phascolosoma esculenta. The distributed variety in western Guangdong regions such as Zhanjiang is Sipunculus nudus; its surface is grayish-white to light brownish-yellow, and the whole body is flat and long cylindrical, slightly resembling an earthworm in shape, and is completely hairless. The body length of adult fresh peanut worms is generally 10 cm - 25 cm. The longitudinal muscles of the body wall are in bundles and are arranged alternately with the circular muscles, forming a square grid-like pattern. The peanut worms produced in Zhanjiang are large in size, thick in meat, and of high quality; they were approved as a geographical indication certification trademark in 2018.

[0003] The cultivation of Zhanjiang peanut worms is mainly concentrated in Caotan Town, Suixi County. Currently, the cultivation methods mainly adopt the single-cultivation mode of Sipunculus nudus and the polyculture mode of Sipunculus nudus and Meretrix meretrix, and no bait needs to be fed during the cultivation and growth period.

[0004] Peanut worms have extremely high requirements for water quality and can only survive in pollution-free sandy beaches; currently, artificial cultivation still relies on high-quality beaches, but it is limited by the beach area and environmental pollution risks. Due to its strict cultivation requirements, how to increase the yield per mu of peanut worms is a difficult problem.

[0005] CN201911401335.3 proposes a method for indoor high-density cultivation of Sipunculus nudus; this method realizes indoor high-density cultivation through the regulation of multiple aspects such as cultivation equipment, feed, sand layer conditioning, and water management; but in terms of feed, pure algae are still used for cultivation; and the growth of algae is greatly affected by environmental factors (such as light, temperature, nutrient salts), and if not properly controlled, it is easy to affect the burrowing and feeding of peanut worms.

[0006] The yield of prawn cultivation in Zhanjiang is in the leading position in China. By-products such as prawn shells are rich in resources, and are also rich in nutrients such as proteins, amino acids, and astaxanthin, and have the application value and development potential as feed protein resources. Biological fermentation technology, which is green and environmentally friendly, can degrade the proteins in prawn shells into functional small peptides and improve the protein utilization efficiency. It is an effective means to make full use of local characteristic agricultural and sideline products and develop local feed raw materials, and helps to alleviate the current serious shortage of feed protein resources in China.

[0007] At present, the prawn shrimp shells in China are mostly fermented in an open fermentation pond. There are generally problems such as extensive fermentation methods, simple fermentation processes, and backward equipment and facilities. The quality of fermentation products varies, the application methods are single, and the research on the nutritional and immune effects on farmed animals and the protein compensation effect on low-protein feeds is insufficient. The industrial application basis lacks scientificity, standardization, precision, and systematization. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a new fermentation technology for the development of a new type of special biological feed that is efficient in saving grain. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the feed problem for indoor high-density farming, find a feed that can partially replace algae, and further increase the farming density of sandworms.

[0009] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a fermented prawn shrimp shell feed composite, which includes the following components by mass:

[0010]

[0011] The preparation method of the fermented prawn shrimp shell includes the following steps:

[0012] S1. Take the shrimp shells, cook them and then crush them to obtain shrimp shell powder;

[0013] S2. Mix the shrimp shell powder with a carbon source, and then ferment it by mixing Bacillus velezensis and Streptomyces. After the fermentation is completed, the fermented prawn shrimp shell is obtained.

[0014] Preferably, the content of pure shrimp shell in the shrimp shell is ≥95%; the maximum particle size of the shrimp shell powder is 40 mesh.

[0015] Preferably, the diatoms in the diatom powder are at least one of the following:

[0016] Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus, Cyclotella.

[0017] Preferably, the green algae or brown algae powder is at least one of the following:

[0018] Chlorella vulgaris, Sargassum thunbergii, Sargassum fusiforme, Platymonas subcordiformis, Ulva lactuca.

[0019] Preferably, in step S2 of the preparation method of the fermented prawn shrimp shell, the conditions for mixed fermentation are:

[0020] Aerobic fermentation, the initial pH value is 7.5±0.5, and the pH value during the process is 7.5±0.5; the fermentation time is at least 7 days;

[0021] The temperature is 33±3°C in the first 24 hours before fermentation; 30±2°C after 24 hours of fermentation.

[0022] Preferably, in step S2 of the method for preparing fermented shrimp shells, the added amount of the carbon source is 5-10 wt % of the shrimp shells.

[0023] Preferably, the shrimp shells are from Penaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon and Penaeus japonicus.

[0024] Preferably, the diatom powder, green algae or brown algae powder is dried and then crushed; the maximum particle size of the fermented shrimp shell feed compound is 80 meshes.

[0025] The preparation method of the fermented shrimp shell feed compound is as follows: the solid part of the fermented shrimp shell, diatom powder, fish meal, green algae or brown algae powder are mixed; then the fermented shrimp shell liquid product and sodium alginate are added to form gel particles; and finally, the fermented shrimp shell feed compound is crushed to obtain a maximum particle size of 80 meshes.

[0026] In the present invention:

[0027] Shrimp shells come from aquaculture byproducts in Zhanjiang, the "Shrimp Capital of China". The shrimp species cultivated there are mainly whiteleg shrimp, but also include giant tiger prawns and Japanese shrimp. Since the shrimp shells are inevitably accompanied by some sticky materials such as shrimp eyes, eye stalks and some internal organs during the process of obtaining them, although they should be removed as much as possible before fermentation, they still cannot be completely removed, so it is sufficient to ensure that the content of pure shrimp shells is ≥95%.

[0028] The main food sources of sandworms are benthic diatoms and organic debris; benthic diatoms are their main source of nutrition, especially in natural sea areas or breeding ponds, sandworms grow faster in areas with high diatom abundance. Organic debris includes plant and animal remains, microbial decomposition products, etc., which adhere to and roll into the mouth through tentacles. Sandworms also have the habit of swallowing sand grains, absorbing organic matter (such as humus, dissolved organic matter) attached to the surface of sand grains through the digestive tract, and the indigestible sand grains are subsequently discharged from the body, forming "sand discharge behavior". However, the present invention and previous related studies have found that sandworms are not limited to diatoms for algae ingestion; as long as the size is appropriate, brown algae and green algae can be used as food; and when diatoms, brown algae and green algae are in a specific ratio; the breeding effect is better.

[0029] The fish meal in the present invention is used as a source of protein supplement, but the proportion needs to be limited to a lower range to avoid polluting the water body.

[0030] The sodium alginate of the present invention is used as a gelling agent. Since the product of fermenting shrimp shells has two different parts, solid and liquid, and the liquid part contains organic acid and Ca2+, gel can be prepared without adding additional chelating agent. At the same time, crushing the gel can also control the particle size of the feed for easy ingestion.

[0031] Before fermentation, the shrimp shells of the present invention need to be cleaned, desalted and crushed. Fresh shrimp shells (cooked or raw) need to be repeatedly rinsed with clean water to remove salt, and soaked for 24 hours if necessary. The crushed small pieces can improve the fermentation efficiency and facilitate subsequent mixing and decomposition.

[0032] During fermentation, a part of carbon source, brown sugar, is required; agricultural wastes such as straw, bagasse or rice husk are not restricted; to prevent ammonia odor from being generated during fermentation.

[0033] The present invention adopts the aerobic fermentation of two kinds of strains in combination; Bacillus velezensis rapidly degrades shrimp shell protein to form small molecules such as polypeptides; Streptomyces subsequently decomposes chitin into oligosaccharides; moreover, the antibiotics produced by Streptomyces can inhibit miscellaneous bacteria and improve the fermentation purity of Bacillus velezensis. Since the fermentation periods required by Bacillus velezensis and Streptomyces are different, the present invention adopts a fermentation temperature range of first higher temperature and then lower temperature; the fermentation period of Bacillus velezensis is shorter and the required fermentation temperature is also higher. At the same time, although the activity of Streptomyces is lower at higher temperatures, it is still in a surviving state; therefore, the fermentation of Bacillus velezensis is first completed at a higher temperature.

[0034] The present invention compares different types of strains such as non-fermentation, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeasts, Aspergillus oryzae, EM bacteria, etc.; it is found that the fermentation products of many strains repel nereis, and even pollute the water body and cause the death of nereis.

[0035] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are at least as follows:

[0036] The present invention utilizes the abundant shrimp shells from local prawn processing in Zhanjiang, and through the quality improvement fermentation technology, develops a grain-saving animal protein source - shrimp shell protein. It constructs a specialized and serialized high-efficiency and precise fermentation feed product system for aquaculture animals. Realize the recycling of agricultural wastes in the same region; realize the indoor high-density cultivation of nereis in Zhanjiang. Detailed implementation mode

[0037] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, the term "for example" is used to mean "serving as an example, illustration, or explanation". Any embodiment described as "for example" in the present invention is not necessarily to be construed as more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments. The following description is given to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the present invention. In the following description, details are set forth for purposes of explanation. It should be understood that the present invention can be practiced without these specific details by those of ordinary skill in the art. In other instances, well-known structures and processes are not elaborated in detail so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary details. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.

[0040] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the specific embodiments are all conventional methods, and the materials, reagents, etc. used, unless otherwise specified, can all be obtained from commercial sources.

[0041] The sources of some raw materials used in the present invention are as follows:

[0042] Shrimp shells: Leftovers from farms in Zhanjiang area, pre-washed, cooked at high temperature, impurities removed again, and then pulverized through 40 mesh.

[0043] Fish meal: Peruvian fish meal.

[0044] Green algae, brown algae: From the wet market, including Chlorella vulgaris, Sargassum thunbergii, Sargassum fusiforme, Platymonas subcordiformis, Ulva lactuca.

[0045] Diatoms: Shanghai Guangyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., including different combinations of diatoms such as Chaetoceros muelleri, Chaetoceros curvisetus, Chaetoceros gracilis, Chaetoceros debilis, Cyclotella cryptica, Cyclotella meneghiniana.

[0046] Lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus reuteri.

[0047] Bacillus: Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis.

[0048] Yeast: Angel yeast.

[0049] Aspergillus oryzae: Aspergillus oryzae.

[0050] EM bacteria: EM bacteria.

[0051] Streptomyces: Streptomyces microflavus.

[0052] The above-mentioned strains are all commercially available.

[0053] Feeding environment: The feeding methods and environments for the specific implementation of the present invention are as follows:

[0054] Aquaculture object: Sipunculus nudus;

[0055] Cultivation method: Feed with the feed prepared in the following examples

[0056] Cultivation time: Seedlings are released in May;

[0057] Feeding environment: The environment described in the examples of CN201911401335.3

[0058] Seedling stocking density: 60 pieces / m 2 ;

[0059] Seedling size: 2 - 3 g / piece;

[0060] Feeding method: Feed once every 2 days, and the feeding amount is 12 g / m 2 .

[0061] Example 1

[0062] Preparation of fermented prawn shells, including the following steps:

[0063] S1. Take prawn shells, steam and crush them to obtain prawn shell powder;

[0064] S2. Mix the prawn shell powder and brown sugar in a mass ratio of 10:1, and then ferment them by mixing Bacillus velezensis and Streptomyces. After fermentation, fermented prawn shells are obtained.

[0065] Fermentation conditions are:

[0066] Aerobic fermentation, the initial pH value is 7.5, and the pH value during the process is 7.5 ± 0.5; the fermentation time is 7 days;

[0067] The temperature is 33 ± 3 °C in the first 24 h before fermentation; 30 ± 2 °C after 24 h of fermentation.

[0068] The mass ratio of Bacillus velezensis to Streptomyces is 1:1; the addition amount is 0.5 wt%; the strain concentration ≥ 1×10 7 CFU / g.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, the prawn shell powder and brown sugar are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:2.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, the fermentation strain is a single Bacillus velezensis; the addition amount is 1%.

[0073] Example 4

[0074] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, the fermentation strain is a single Streptomyces; the addition amount is 1%.

[0075] Example 5

[0076] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, Bacillus subtilis is used to replace Bacillus velezensis in equal amount.

[0077] Example 6

[0078] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, the fermentation strain is a single Lactobacillus reuteri; the addition amount is 1%.

[0079] Example 7

[0080] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, the fermentation strain is a single Angel yeast; the addition amount is 1%.

[0081] Example 8

[0082] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, the fermentation strain is a single Aspergillus oryzae; the addition amount is 1%.

[0083] Example 9

[0084] The difference from Example 1 is that in step S2, the fermentation strain is EM bacteria; the addition amount is 1%.

[0085] Preparation of fermented shrimp shell feed composite

[0086] Weigh each component according to Table 1 below, mix the solid part in the fermented shrimp shell, diatomite, fish meal, green algae or brown algae powder; then add the liquid product of the fermented shrimp shell and sodium alginate to form gel particles; finally, crush them to obtain a fermented shrimp shell feed composite with a maximum particle size of 80 mesh.

[0087] Before mixing, the diatomite, green algae or brown algae powder is dried and then crushed, and passed through 40 mesh.

[0088] Table 1

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] After six months of breeding, the breeding results are checked and accepted, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0092] Table 2

[0093] Serial number Release quantity Harvest quantity Average mass (g) Meat yield 1 1000 996 9.81 54 2 1000 995 9.76 52 3 1000 994 10.12 56 4 1000 996 9.82 53 5 1000 756 7.23 40 6 1000 704 6.58 45 7 1000 406 5.06 38 8 1000 232 4.52 36 9 1000 423 5.21 40 11 1000 731 6.53 42 12 1000 687 6.26 45

[0094] The meat yield rate in Table 2 is the proportion of the body wall in the total mass.

[0095] According to the results in Table 2, after fermentation by different strains, the fermentation products of not all strains have a positive effect on the cultivation of peanut worms; some even pollute the environment, causing peanut worms to refuse to eat (such as Bacillus subtilis) or die. Therefore, specific strains are needed when selecting fermentation strains.

[0096] The above detailed description is a specific description of one of the feasible embodiments of the present invention. This embodiment is not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent implementation or modification without departing from the present invention shall be included within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fermented shrimp shell feed composite, characterized in that, Comprising the following components by mass parts: The preparation method of the fermented prawn shell comprises the following steps: S1. Take prawn shells, cook and then crush them to obtain prawn shell powder; S2. Mix the prawn shell powder with a carbon source, and then perform mixed fermentation with Bacillus velezensis and Streptomyces. After fermentation is completed, the fermented prawn shell is obtained.

2. The fermented shrimp shell feed composite according to claim 1, characterized in that, The content of pure prawn shell in the prawn shell is ≥95%; the maximum particle size of the prawn shell powder is 40 mesh.

3. The fermented shrimp shell feed composite according to claim 1, wherein The diatom powder contains at least one of the following diatoms: Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus, Cyclotella.

4. The fermented shrimp shell feed composite according to claim 1, characterized in that The green algae or brown algae powder contains at least one of the following: Chlorella vulgaris, Sargassum thunbergii, Sargassum fusiforme, Platymonas subcordiformis, Ulva lactuca.

5. The fermented shrimp shell feed composite according to claim 1, wherein In step S2 of the preparation method of the fermented prawn shell, the conditions for mixed fermentation are: Aerobic fermentation, with an initial pH value of 7.5±0.5 and a process pH value of 7.5±0.5; the fermentation time is at least 7 days; The temperature is 33±3°C in the first 24 hours before fermentation; 30±2°C after 24 hours of fermentation.

6. The fermented shrimp shell feed composite according to claim 1, wherein In step S2 of the preparation method of the fermented prawn shell, the addition amount of the carbon source is 5-10 wt% of the prawn shell.

7. The fermented shrimp shell feed composite according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prawn shell is from Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, Penaeus japonicus.

8. The fermented shrimp shell feed composite according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diatom powder, green algae or brown algae powder is dried and then crushed; the maximum particle size of the fermented prawn shell feed composite is 80 mesh.

9. The preparation method of the fermented shrimp shell feed composite according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Mix the solid part in the fermented prawn shell, diatom powder, fish meal, green algae or brown algae powder; then add the liquid product of the fermented prawn shell and sodium alginate to form gel particles; finally, crush them to obtain the fermented prawn shell feed composite with a maximum particle size of 80 mesh.

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