Cereal-based instant food for improving infant constipation and preparation and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of food, and particularly discloses a preparation method of cereal-based instant food for improving infant constipation, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: obtaining raw materials containing a component A, a component B, a component C and a component D; the component A comprises scorched rice, millet, chia seeds, flaxseeds, fructus cannabis, pinenut kernels and platycladi seeds; the component B comprises raw medicine powder of fried semen raphani and semen plantaginis and / or an extract of the raw medicine powder; the component C comprises resistant dextrin, xylooligosaccharide and inulin; the component D is probiotics; the component A is subjected to plasma treatment, variable-temperature pressure difference puffing and microwave curing treatment in advance, and a cured material is obtained; mixing the cured material with the component B and the component C, performing secondary microwave treatment to obtain a mixture, and inoculating the component D into the mixture for fermentation to obtain the cereal-based instant food. The product prepared by the invention has the effect of quickly and efficiently improving constipation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of food processing and nutritious foods, and particularly to the technical field of a cereal-based instant food for improving infant constipation. Background Art

[0002] Constipation is a very common digestive problem in both infants and adults, bringing many troubles and health risks to people of different ages. For infants, due to their underdeveloped digestive systems and relatively weak gastrointestinal functions, improper feeding methods, such as overfeeding and inappropriate milk powder dilution ratios, as well as unreasonable complementary food addition, may all lead to constipation. In addition, the relatively small amount of exercise of infants also affects intestinal peristalsis. Long-term constipation can cause discomfort symptoms in infants such as abdominal distension and pain, leading to reduced appetite, affecting nutrient intake and growth and development. Severe constipation may also cause problems such as anal fissure and rectal prolapse, bringing great pain to infants and worrying parents. In adults, factors such as bad living habits, unbalanced diet structures, and long-term mental stress are common causes of constipation. The fast-paced modern lifestyle makes many people have irregular diets, insufficient intake of dietary fiber, and excessive intake of high-fat, high-sugar, and high-protein foods. Lack of exercise and long-term sedentary behavior also slow down intestinal peristalsis. Excessive mental stress affects the nervous system's regulation of the intestines, resulting in constipation. Long-term constipation not only causes physical discomforts such as abdominal distension, pain, and bad breath, but also increases the risk of anorectal diseases such as hemorrhoids, anal fissure, and rectal prolapse. At the same time, constipation may also lead to the accumulation of toxins in the intestines, affecting the body's metabolism, burdening organs such as the liver and kidneys, and even increasing the likelihood of suffering from major diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and colon cancer.

[0003] For infants, many products for improving constipation are not suitable for them. Some drug products may have adverse effects on infants' bodies, such as causing side effects like diarrhea and vomiting. The taste of some dietary fiber supplements is not good, making it difficult for infants to accept. In addition, the ingredients of some products are not natural and safe enough, causing concerns for parents about their use. For adults, common laxatives can relieve constipation symptoms in the short term, but long-term use will cause dependence and may damage the normal functions of the intestines. The effects of some health products are not obvious, and they are expensive. At the same time, many products cannot balance the supplement of nutrients and the requirement of taste while improving constipation, making it difficult to meet adults' pursuit of health and quality of life. Against this background, developing a natural, safe, and effective instant food for improving constipation has crucial practical significance.

[0004] Currently, the products on the market for improving constipation mainly include laxatives, lubricants and other drugs, as well as some dietary fiber supplements. However, these products have many drawbacks. Long-term use of laxatives may lead to intestinal dysfunction, electrolyte imbalance and even dependence; the effect of lubricants is unstable and may have side effects; dietary fiber supplements have a single taste and are difficult to meet the taste needs of consumers. Some products may also contain chemically synthesized ingredients, posing potential health risks. Against this background, it is crucial to develop a natural, safe and effective food for improving constipation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the problems existing in the existing cereal-based ready-to-eat foods for improving infant constipation, the first object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of a cereal-based ready-to-eat food for improving infant constipation, aiming to prepare a cereal-based ready-to-eat food that can effectively and quickly improve constipation and meet the application requirements of infants.

[0006] The second object of the present invention is to provide the cereal-based ready-to-eat food for improving infant constipation prepared by the above preparation method and its application in the preparation of infant foods.

[0007] The third object of the present invention is to provide a product containing the cereal-based ready-to-eat food.

[0008] A preparation method of a cereal-based ready-to-eat food for improving infant constipation, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Obtain raw materials containing component A, component B, component C and component D;

[0010] Component A includes scorched rice, millet, chia seeds, flaxseeds, hemp seeds, pine nuts and Chinese arborvitae seeds;

[0011] The said component B includes the original medicinal powder of stir-fried semen raphani and plantain seed and / or the extract of the said original medicinal powder;

[0012] The said component C includes resistant dextrin, xylo-oligosaccharide and inulin;

[0013] The said component D is probiotics;

[0014] Step 2: Plasma treat, subject to variable temperature and pressure puffing and microwave cooking treatment on component A in advance to obtain a cooked material;

[0015] Step 3: Mix the cooked material with component B and component C, then perform secondary microwave treatment to obtain a mixed material, and inoculate component D into the mixed material for fermentation to prepare the said cereal-based ready-to-eat food.

[0016] The present invention innovatively combines the ingredients A, B, C and D, and further cooperates with the special plasma treatment, variable temperature and pressure difference puffing, microwave cooking and probiotic fermentation, so that the active ingredients that can improve the avoidance can be effectively and selectively retained, and the undesirable ingredients can be destroyed as much as possible. In addition, the texture and taste can be improved, and thus a cereal-based instant food with a fast and efficient improvement effect can be prepared.

[0017] In the present invention, component A comprises 20 to 30 parts by weight of scorched rice, 30 to 40 parts by weight of millet, 5 to 10 parts by weight of chia seeds, 5 to 30 parts by weight of flax seeds, 5 to 10 parts by weight of hemp seeds, 5 to 10 parts by weight of pine nuts, and 5 to 10 parts by weight of cypress seeds.

[0018] The component B comprises 10 to 20 parts by weight of fried radish seed decoction (the weight ratio of water to medicine is 1:2 to 10) and 2 to 5 parts by weight of psyllium seed powder.

[0019] The component C comprises 5 to 30 parts by weight of resistant dextrin, 3 to 15 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide, and 5 to 10 parts by weight of inulin;

[0020] The component D includes at least one of lactic acid bacteria (such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus reuteri), bifidobacteria (such as Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium breve), yeast (such as Saccharomyces boulardii), streptococci (such as thermophilic Streptococcus), Bacillus (such as Bacillus subtilis), etc.

[0021] In the present invention, the weight ratio of component A, component B and component C is 90-110:20-30:20-40; component D is 2-5wt.% of the weight of the mixture; further, it can be 2.5-3.5wt.%.

[0022] In the present invention, in the plasma treatment component A stage, the gas used in the plasma treatment component A stage includes at least one of oxygen, nitrogen, and argon, and the gas flow rate is 50-200mL / min; the discharge power is 50-300W; the treatment time is 1-10 minutes, the vacuum degree is 1-10Pa, the temperature does not exceed 60°C, and the distance is 5-20mm.

[0023] In the present invention, in the variable temperature and pressure difference expansion treatment stage, the plasma-treated component A is pre-controlled at a high temperature and high pressure of 100-115°C, 70-80% humidity, and 140Kpa-180Kpa, and then the pressure is released instantly to obtain an expanded material.

[0024] In the present invention, during the microwave ripening process, the microwave power is set at 5 - 6 kW, the ripening temperature is controlled at 110 - 125 °C, the time is 2 - 6 min, and the water addition is 100% - 150% of the weight of component A.

[0025] In the present invention, the ripened material is pre-filtered, the filtered paste is collected, and it is mixed with component B and component C for secondary microwave treatment to obtain the mixture. Research of the present invention shows that by adopting the preferred process, the adaptability effect for infants can be further improved, and the constipation effect and efficiency for infants can be further improved.

[0026] Preferably, the power of the secondary microwave treatment is 5 - 6 kW, and the treatment time is 1 - 3 min.

[0027] In the present invention, the fermentation temperature is 30 - 35 °C, and the fermentation time is 6 - 12 hours.

[0028] After fermentation is completed, sterilization and packaging treatments are carried out to obtain the cereal-based instant food.

[0029] The present invention also provides a cereal-based instant food for improving infant constipation prepared by the described preparation method.

[0030] The present invention also provides an application of a cereal-based instant food for improving infant constipation prepared by the described preparation method in the preparation of products for improving infant constipation.

[0031] Beneficial effects

[0032] Innovatively, through the combined compatibility of the described components in the present invention, further combined with the described preparation method, synergy can be achieved, the active ingredients for improving constipation can be effectively retained, so that the fecal volume can be increased, intestinal peristalsis can be promoted, feces can be softened, intestinal flora can be regulated, etc. In addition, the natural fragrance of nutrient release can be retained, and at the same time, the taste can be made delicate. Description of the drawings

[0033] Figure 1 It is the intestinal fluorescence intensity diagram of zebrafish for each case. Specific embodiments

[0034] The preparation of an optional instant cereal-based food suitable for infants, toddlers and adults to quickly improve infant constipation, calculated by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 20-30 parts of roasted rice; 30-40 parts of millet; 5-10 parts of chia seeds; 5-30 parts of flax seeds. 5-10 parts of Cannabis sativa seeds; 5-10 parts of pine nuts; 5-10 parts of Platycladus orientalis seeds; decoction of stir-fried Raphanus sativus seeds (obtained by decocting stir-fried Raphanus sativus seeds with a water-to-drug weight ratio of 1:5 at a temperature above 90 °C for 2-3 h) 10-20 parts; 2-5 parts of Plantago asiatica powder. 5-30 parts of resistant dextrin; 3-15 parts of xylo-oligosaccharide; 5-10 parts of inulin; probiotics include lactic acid bacteria (such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus reuteri), bifidobacteria (such as Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium breve), yeasts (such as Saccharomyces boulardii), streptococci (such as Streptococcus thermophilus), bacilli (such as Bacillus subtilis), etc., and the inoculation amount is 2%-5% of the fermentation material. All food ingredients used in the present invention are food-grade; the water used refers to purified water that complies with the "Hygienic Standards for Drinking Water" (GB5749-2006) of the country.

[0035] The preparation steps include, for example:

[0036] Step (1) Plasma treatment: Place component A in a plasma treatment device for plasma treatment. Select a suitable process gas (such as oxygen, nitrogen, argon, etc.), control the gas flow rate at 50-200 mL / min; the discharge power at 50-300 W; the treatment time at 1-10 minutes, the vacuum degree at 1-10 Pa, the temperature not exceeding 60 °C, and the distance at 5-20 mm. After treatment, change the surface properties to optimize the quality of the component. After the treated component A is dried, use a grinding device with a power of 500-800 watts and grind at a speed of 5000-8000 revolutions per minute for 5-10 minutes. After grinding, pass through an 80-100 mesh sieve to obtain the plasma-treated material.

[0037] Step (2) Variable-temperature differential pressure puffing treatment:

[0038] Perform variable-temperature differential pressure puffing treatment on the plasma-treated material in step (1). First, place the material in a puffing device, heat it to 100-115 °C, while adjusting the humidity to 70-80%, and make the pressure reach 140 Kpa-180 Kpa (about 100 Kpa for one standard atmosphere), and maintain this state for 10-20 min. Then, instantaneously release the pressure to quickly vaporize the moisture in the material to obtain the puffed material.

[0039] Step (3) Microwave ripening:

[0040] Mix the processed expanded feed in step (2) with water, put it into a container suitable for microwave heating, set the microwave power at 5 - 6 kW, control the ripening temperature at 110 - 125 °C, the time at 2 - 6 min, and the water addition amount at 100% - 150% of the weight of the grains; obtain the ripened feed (ripened feed of component A).

[0041] Mix the ripened feed, component B and component C, and use microwave to heat for a short time again, while stirring at 80 - 100 revolutions per minute for 8 - 12 minutes to make them fully mixed evenly, obtaining the mixed feed.

[0042] Step (4): Fermentation:

[0043] After step (3), add component D to the mixed feed for fermentation, the inoculation amount is 2% - 5% of the fermentation materials (weight of the mixed feed), adjust the fermentation temperature to 30 - 35 °C, and the fermentation time is 6 - 12 hours.

[0044] Step (5): Ultra-high pressure sterilization:

[0045] After step 4, cool by vacuum cooling: Then carry out ultra-high pressure sterilization treatment.

[0046] Step (6) Package the finished product: Package the sterile product obtained in step (5) into a product.

[0047] The following further elaborates the present invention in combination with embodiments

[0048] Example 1

[0049] Component A: 20 parts of roasted rice; 30 parts of millet; 5 parts of chia seeds; 5 parts of flax seeds; 10 parts of hemp seeds; 10 parts of pine nuts; 10 parts of Chinese arborvitae seeds;

[0050] Component B: 20 parts of the water decoction of stir-fried radish seeds (the ratio of water to medicine is 1:5); 5 parts of plantain seed powder. The water decoction of stir-fried radish seeds (the ratio of water to medicine is 1:5): Add water to decoct the stir-fried radish seeds after plasma treatment, the mass ratio of stir-fried radish seeds to water is 1:10 - 1:15, and filter to obtain the water decoction (the final ratio of water to medicine is 1:5).

[0051] Component C: 10 parts of resistant dextrin; 15 parts of xylo-oligosaccharide; 10 parts of inulin.

[0052] Component D: The probiotic is Lactobacillus acidophilus.

[0053] Based on the above, the preparation method includes the following preparation steps:

[0054] Step (1) Plasma treatment of component A:

[0055] Place component A in a plasma treatment device, select nitrogen as the process gas, and control the gas flow rate at 150 mL / min; the discharge power is 200 W; the treatment time is 5 minutes, the vacuum degree is 1 Pa, the temperature does not exceed 60 °C, and the distance is 15 mm.

[0056] After the treated component A is dried, use a grinding device with a power of 500 - 800 watts to grind at a speed of 5000 - 8000 revolutions per minute for 5 - 10 minutes, and then sieve through an 80 - 100 mesh sieve after grinding.

[0057] Step (2): Temperature - varying differential pressure puffing treatment of component A:

[0058] First, place the powdered component A after being treated in step 1 in a puffing device, heat it to 100 - 115 °C, at the same time adjust the humidity to 70 - 80%, and make the pressure reach 140 Kpa - 180 Kpa (about 100 Kpa for one standard atmospheric pressure), and maintain this state for 10 - 20 min. Then, instantaneously relieve the pressure to rapidly vaporize the moisture in the material and obtain the puffed material;

[0059] Step (3) Microwave ripening and probiotic fermentation:

[0060] Add water to the puffed material processed in step (2), and then put it into a container for microwave heating. Set the microwave power at 5.5 - 6 kW, control the ripening temperature at 125 °C, the time is 4 min, and the water addition amount is 150% of the weight of the grains to obtain a paste - like cereal product (ripened material of component A) with uniform texture and delicate taste.

[0061] Mix the ripened material of component A, component B, and component C, and use microwave (power 5.5 - 6 kW) to heat for 2 min again, and stir at 80 - 100 revolutions per minute for 8 - 12 minutes to make them fully mixed to obtain a mixed material. Add Lactobacillus acidophilus to the mixed material for fermentation, the inoculation amount is 3 ± 0.1% of the weight of the mixed material, adjust the fermentation temperature to 35 °C, and the fermentation time is 8 hours.

[0062] Step (4)

[0063] Perform vacuum cooling treatment, ultra - high pressure sterilization, and package the finished product for the slurry in step (3).

[0064] Example 2

[0065] Compared with Example 1, the difference is only that the ratio of component A - component C is changed. Specifically: 30 parts of roasted rice; 40 parts of millet; 10 parts of chia seeds; 5 parts of flax seeds. 5 parts of hemp seeds; 8 parts of pine nuts; 8 parts of Chinese arborvitae seeds; 15 parts of water decoction of stir - fried radish seeds; 5 parts of plantain seed powder. 10 parts of resistant dextrin; 15 parts of xylo - oligosaccharide; 5 parts of inulin. Other operations and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in Step 1, during the plasma treatment process, argon gas is selected as the process gas, the gas flow rate is controlled at 50 mL / min, the discharge power is 50 W, the treatment time is 1 minute, the vacuum degree is 10 Pa, the temperature does not exceed 60 °C, and the distance is 5 mm. Other operations and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in Step 3, the microwave power is set at 6 kW, the ripening temperature is controlled at 110 °C, the time is 6 min, and the water addition amount is 100% of the weight of the grains. Other operations and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0070] Example 5

[0071] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the proportion of Component A is changed. Specifically: 25 parts of roasted rice; 30 parts of millet; 10 parts of chia seeds; 30 parts of flax seeds; 6 parts of hemp seeds; 6 parts of pine nuts; 6 parts of Chinese arborvitae seeds. Other operations and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0072] Example 6

[0073] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that after microwave ripening of Component A, it is pre-filtered, and then mixed with Component B and Component C, and then microwave treatment is carried out to obtain the said mixture. Other operations and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0074] Comparative Example 1

[0075] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that raw material B is missing. Other operations and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0076] Comparative Example 2

[0077] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that raw material C is missing. Other operations and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0078] Comparative Example 3

[0079] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the plasma treatment is replaced by an ordinary water washing process. Other operations and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0080] Comparative Example 4

[0081] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the microwave ripening treatment is replaced by a high-temperature boiling process, that is, the heating method is not microwave but conventional electric heating. The ripening temperature and other operations and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0082] Comparative Example 5

[0083] Compared with Example 1, the difference is only that in raw material A, linseed, hemp seeds, pine nuts and Chinese arborvitae seeds are missing, and the proportions of other components in raw material A, the total weight of raw material A, and other operations and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0084] Comparative Example 6

[0085] Compared with Example 1, the difference is only that the frying and puffing process is used to replace the isothermal differential pressure puffing treatment. Other operations and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0086] Comparative Example 7

[0087] Compared with Example 1, the difference is only that ingredient D is not included, and the fermentation step in Step 3 is not carried out. Instead, the mixture in Step 3 is directly processed in Step 4 to obtain the product.

[0088] Sensory evaluation:

[0089] By 20 healthy volunteers aged 20 - 35, including 10 males and 10 females

[0090] The products obtained from each example and comparative example were scored in terms of odor, taste, color, palatability, stability, and tissue state. The full score is 100 points. Scores below 80 are unqualified, scores from 80 to 90 are qualified, scores from 90 to 95 are good, and scores from 95 to 100 are excellent. The evaluation criteria are shown in Table 1, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0091] Table 1 is the sensory evaluation index and standard for the product:

[0092]

[0093] Table 2 shows the sensory evaluation results of the products made in different proportions of each example:

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] As can be seen from Table 2, the scores of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the present invention are all stable above 95 points, and the evaluation results are excellent. The products produced have a sweet smell with a strong fresh fragrance, bright color, smooth and delicate taste, and stable products. However, in Comparative Example 1, due to the lack of key raw materials, the tissue form, odor, and taste did not reach the passing grade. In Comparative Example 2, due to the change of the key process, impurities existed, resulting in an unqualified score. In Comparative Example 3, due to the change of the key process, the product treatment did not meet the expected effect, the odor aroma decreased, the product workmanship was unstable and not delicate, and the score was unqualified.

[0097] Evaluation test on the efficacy of improving constipation

[0098] Use the products in Table 2 as test samples, randomly select 5 dpf wild-type AB strain zebrafish, and allocate them to 6-well plates. Treat 30 zebrafish in each well, and set up a blank group, a positive control group (fructooligosaccharide 10 μg / mL), a model group, and a product group concentration group (2000 μg of each food / mL). Each experimental group was first treated with the corresponding substance in water solution for 24 hours and then removed, and then Nile red solution (10 ng / mL) was given to stain the intestine. Except for the blank group, the other groups were given loperamide hydrochloride in water solution to establish a constipation model. After treatment with loperamide hydrochloride solution (10 μg / mL) for 6 hours, 10 zebrafish were randomly selected from each group, photographed under a fluorescence microscope and the pictures were saved. Software was used to analyze and collect data, and the fluorescence intensity of the zebrafish intestine was used as an index to evaluate the efficacy of the product in preventing constipation. The fluorescence intensity value was calculated by importing into Image J software. Through statistical analysis of indexes such as the fluorescence intensity values of different groups, the statistical treatment results were expressed as mean±SE, and analysis of variance and Dunnett's t-test were used. p<0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.

[0099] Table 3

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] Table note: Compared with the model group, "*" in the table indicates p<0.05.

[0103] Use zebrafish in the infant stage with a high similarity of 87% to human genes for relevant experiments. According to the experimental data, when the product formula and process are changed to a certain extent, the intestinal fluorescence intensity signal will also fluctuate, but the fluctuation is not large and is within the expected range, as Figure 1 shown. Comparing different examples, the efficacy of improving constipation in the constipation model group was significantly improved, and it was determined that the product has the efficacy of preventing constipation and the lowest effective concentration. While comparing the control example with the constipation model group, no significant difference was shown, indicating that the effect decreased significantly after the key raw materials and processes in the formula were missing. During the experiment, no zebrafish died, indicating that the product is safe and harmless and can be eaten in the infant stage. At the same time, the effect is mild, and compared with drug treatment, the effect is not only similar, but also safer.

[0104] The detailed description of the technical solution of the present invention through the preferred embodiments above is illustrative rather than restrictive. After reading the specification of the present invention, those skilled in the art can modify the technical solutions recorded in each embodiment, or equivalently replace some of the technical features. Such modifications or replacements will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the gist and scope of the technical solutions of each embodiment of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a cereal-based ready-to-eat food for improving infant constipation, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Obtain raw materials containing component A, component B, component C, and component D; Component A contains roasted rice, millet, chia seeds, flaxseeds, hemp seeds, pine nuts, and Chinese arborvitae seeds; The said component B includes the original medicinal powder of stir-fried radish seeds and plantain seeds and / or the extract of the said original medicinal powder; The said component C includes resistant dextrin, xylo-oligosaccharide, and inulin; The said component D is a probiotic; Step 2: Pre-treat component A by plasma treatment, variable-temperature differential pressure puffing, and microwave cooking to obtain a cooked material; Step 3: Mix the cooked material with component B and component C and then perform secondary microwave treatment to obtain a mixed material. Inoculate component D into the mixed material for fermentation to produce the said cereal-based ready-to-eat food.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Component A contains 20 - 30 parts by weight of roasted rice, 30 - 40 parts by weight of millet, 5 - 10 parts by weight of chia seeds, 5 - 30 parts by weight of flaxseeds, 5 - 10 parts by weight of hemp seeds, 5 - 10 parts by weight of pine nuts, and 5 - 10 parts by weight of Chinese arborvitae seeds; The said component B includes 10 - 20 parts by weight of the water decoction of stir-fried radish seeds and 2 - 5 parts by weight of plantain seed powder; the water decoction of stir-fried radish seeds is the medicinal liquid with a water-to-herb ratio of 1:3 - 6 obtained after steaming the stir-fried radish seed aqueous solution with a water-to-herb weight ratio of 1:10 - 20; The said component C includes 5 - 30 parts by weight of resistant dextrin, 3 - 15 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide, 5 - 10 parts by weight of inulin; The said component D as a probiotic includes at least one of lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, yeasts, streptococci, and bacilli.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The weight ratio of component A, component B, and component C is 90 - 110:20 - 30:20 - 40; component D is 2 - 5 wt.% of the weight of the mixed material.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the stage of plasma treatment of component A, the gases used include at least one of oxygen, nitrogen, and argon, the gas flow rate is 50 - 200 mL / min; the discharge power is 50 - 300 W; the treatment time is 1 - 10 minutes, the vacuum degree is 1 - 10 Pa, the temperature does not exceed 60°C, and the distance is 5 - 20 mm.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the stage of variable-temperature differential pressure puffing treatment, pre-control the plasma-treated component A at a high temperature and high pressure of 100 - 115°C, humidity of 70 - 80%, and pressure of 140 Kpa - 180 Kpa, and then instantaneously release the pressure to obtain a puffed material.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein During the microwave cooking process, the microwave power is set at 5 - 6 kW, the cooking temperature is controlled at 110 - 125°C, the time is 2 - 6 min, and the water addition amount is 100% - 150% of the weight of component A.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooked material is pre-filtered, the filtered paste is collected, and it is mixed with component B and component C for secondary microwave treatment to obtain the said mixed material; Preferably, the power of the said secondary microwave treatment is 5 - 6 kW, and the treatment time is 1 - 3 min.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that The fermentation temperature is 30 - 35°C, and the fermentation time is 6 - 12 hours; After fermentation is completed, sterilization and packaging treatments are carried out to produce the said cereal-based ready-to-eat food.

9. A cereal-based ready-to-eat food for improving infant constipation prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 - 8.

10. Use of a cereal-based ready-to-eat food for improving infant constipation prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in the preparation of a product for improving infant constipation.

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