Full-recycling pollution-free treatment system for garbage

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, and discloses a full-recycling pollution-free treatment system for garbage, which realizes efficient garbage sorting through low-speed crushing and water washing stirring, combines three-section cooperative treatment of floating, liquid and submerged materials, and remarkably improves the resource recovery rate and the treatment cleanliness. The floats are converted into plastic particles and carbon rods step by step through gradient heating; the liquid section drives multi-stage evaporation and concentration through waste heat, liquid fertilizer and biogas are synchronously produced, and zero discharge of waste water and self-supply of energy are achieved; the recovery purity of metal, building materials and the like is improved through countercurrent circulating cleaning of the submerged materials, and the water consumption is reduced through closed-loop recycling of cleaning water. The system integrates the functions of crushing, sorting, conversion and power generation, breaks through the limitations of extensive sorting, serious secondary pollution and single resource path in the traditional technology, realizes all-component high-value utilization and harmless treatment of garbage, and has both environmental protection benefits and economic values.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, and specifically to a fully resourceful and pollution-free garbage treatment system. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and population growth, the generation of domestic waste has increased sharply. Traditional garbage treatment technologies such as landfilling, incineration, and composting can no longer meet the requirements of resource utilization and harmless treatment. Landfilling occupies a large amount of land resources and is prone to generating leachate that pollutes groundwater; although incineration can reduce the volume, there is a risk of emitting toxic gases such as dioxins and the resources are not fully recovered; the composting technology is limited by the complex composition of garbage and it is difficult to effectively separate organic substances from impurities. Existing sorting technologies mostly rely on mechanical screening and air separation, and the separation efficiency of light plastics, fibers and other floating substances from heavy metals, glass and other sinking materials is relatively low. In addition, the resource utilization paths after sorting are single. For example, plastic recycling often results in low-quality recycled products due to oil stains and impurities. Moreover, existing garbage treatment systems have obvious shortcomings in liquid treatment and heat energy utilization. For example, the wastewater treatment process mostly relies on chemical agents or complex biochemical processes, which are costly and prone to secondary pollution; although pyrolysis technology can convert organic substances into energy, it has strict requirements for temperature control, does not fully combine the material characteristics after sorting to achieve gradient utilization, and has low waste heat recovery efficiency, resulting in energy waste. Recyclable materials such as metals and glass in sinking materials often have insufficient sorting purity due to incomplete cleaning, affecting their recycling value. Therefore, a fully resourceful and pollution-free garbage treatment system is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides a fully resourceful and pollution-free garbage treatment system to solve the problems in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A fully resourceful and pollution-free garbage treatment system, including a low-speed crusher, a washing mixer, a floating material treatment section, a liquid treatment section, and a sinking material treatment section:

[0005] The low-speed crusher crushes the garbage;

[0006] The washing mixer washes the crushed garbage;

[0007] The floating material treatment section sequentially performs squeezing and dewatering, melting, pyrolysis power generation, and carbonization on the floating materials in the washing mixer;

[0008] The liquid treatment section uses the residual heat heated in the floating material treatment section to perform multiple drying and dewatering operations on the liquid materials in the washing mixer to form liquid fertilizer and biogas, and the biogas is used for combustion power generation;

[0009] The submerged material treatment section flushes and cleans the submerged material in the washing and stirring machine multiple times, classifies and recycles the washed submerged material, transports the water during the cleaning process to the low-speed crusher, and enters the washing and stirring machine along the low-speed crusher to clean the garbage.

[0010] Preferably, the floating treatment section includes a first conveying auger, a second conveying auger, and a third conveying auger, and heating modules are arranged on the first conveying auger, the second conveying auger, and the third conveying auger;

[0011] The floating material in the washing and stirring machine is directly conveyed into the first conveying auger. The heating module on the first conveying auger heats the floating material conveyed inside it, and the heating temperature is 50°. The first conveying auger squeezes out the water and oil in the floating material, and the squeezed water flows back to the low-speed crusher and enters the washing and stirring machine again for treatment;

[0012] The second conveying auger receives the floating material with the water squeezed out in the first conveying auger. The heating module on the second conveying auger heats the floating material conveyed inside it, and the heating temperature is 180°, so that the floating garbage including but not limited to plastics melts. After the second conveying auger outputs the floating material, it separates the floating material within the meltable range of 180° from other non-meltable floating materials, and granulates the melted floating material.

[0013] The heating module on the third conveying auger reheats the floating material conveyed inside it, and the heating temperature is 250° - 350°, so that the floating material pyrolyzes. The heat generated during the pyrolysis process is used for power generation, and at the same time, the combustion waste gas is burned. The pyrolyzed floating material is carbonized and extruded into carbon rods.

[0014] Preferably, the liquid treatment section includes multiple biogas treatment tanks. An S-shaped liquid conveying channel is installed in the biogas treatment tank, and the liquid conveying channels in multiple biogas treatment tanks are connected end to end. The liquid material in the washing and stirring machine is conveyed into the liquid conveying channel in the biogas treatment tank at the front end. The waste heat generated by heating through the heating module in the first conveying auger, the second conveying auger, and the third conveying auger is conveyed into multiple biogas treatment tanks to heat and evaporate the water in the liquid material in the liquid conveying channel, separate the water vapor in the liquid material, and gradually form concentrated liquid fertilizer from the liquid material.

[0015] Preferably, the submerged material treatment section includes a primary washing tank for submerged materials and a secondary washing tank for submerged materials. The submerged materials after being washed in the water-washing mixer first enter the primary washing tank for submerged materials for secondary washing, and after the washing is completed, they enter the secondary washing tank for submerged materials for tertiary washing. The secondary washing tank for submerged materials is connected to the municipal water supply. After the water washes the submerged materials in the secondary washing tank for submerged materials, it is transported to the primary washing tank for submerged materials to wash the submerged materials inside. After the submerged materials in the primary washing tank for submerged materials are washed, they are directly transported to the low-speed crusher and then enter the water-washing mixer to preliminarily wash the garbage.

[0016] Preferably, the upper end of the biogas treatment tank is of an open structure, and an inclined guiding cover is installed at the upper opening thereof. The inclined guiding cover collects the water vapor evaporated in the biogas treatment tank and conducts centralized guiding. The carbon rods extruded by the third conveying auger are in a high-temperature state to heat and evaporate the centralized water, and the evaporated water vapor is used for steam power generation.

[0017] Preferably, the gradually concentrated liquid fertilizer forms biogas, and the biogas in the biogas treatment tank at the tail and the pyrolysis heat in the floating treatment section are jointly used for power generation.

[0018] Preferably, the penultimate biogas treatment tank is connected to the front-end biogas treatment tank, so that the bacteria in the penultimate biogas treatment tank are introduced into the front-end biogas treatment tank.

[0019] Preferably, the crushing diameter of the low-speed crusher is 5 - 8 cm.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention realizes efficient sorting of garbage through low-speed crushing and water-washing stirring, combines the collaborative treatment of three sections of floating materials, liquid materials and submerged materials, and significantly improves the resource recovery rate and treatment cleanliness. The floating materials are gradually converted into plastic particles and carbon rods through gradient heating; in the liquid section, multi-stage evaporation and concentration are driven by waste heat, and liquid fertilizer and biogas are synchronously produced, realizing zero discharge of wastewater and self-supply of energy; the submerged materials are washed by countercurrent circulation to improve the recovery purity of metals, building materials, etc., and the washing water is recycled in a closed loop to reduce water consumption. The system integrates functions of crushing, sorting, conversion and power generation, breaks through the limitations of traditional technologies such as rough sorting, serious secondary pollution and single resource utilization path, realizes high-value utilization and harmless treatment of all components of garbage, and has both environmental benefits and economic value.

[0022] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following specification, and, in part, will be obvious from the specification, or will be understood by implementing the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structure pointed out in the specification, claims and drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1This is the flow chart for the fully resourceful and pollution-free treatment of the garbage in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is the structural schematic diagram of the biogas treatment tank and the inclined guiding cover in the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1. Low-speed crusher; 2. Water-washing mixer; 3. Floating treatment section; 31. First conveying auger; 32. Second conveying auger; 33. Third conveying auger; 34. Heating module; 4. Liquid treatment section; 41. Biogas treatment tank; 42. Liquid conveying channel; 43. Inclined guiding cover; 5. Submerged material treatment section; 51. Submerged material re-washing tank; 52. Submerged material re-washing tank. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art in the technical field of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a fully resourceful and pollution-free treatment system for garbage in the present invention, including a low-speed crusher 1 and a water-washing mixer 2 for crushing and preliminary cleaning of the garbage. The garbage after cleaning is divided into floating materials, liquid materials and submerged materials, and then processed through the floating treatment section 3, the liquid treatment section 4 and the submerged material treatment section 5 respectively, which specifically includes the following contents:

[0028] 1. Low-speed crusher 1: Adopt a double-shaft shearing crusher, set the crushing aperture to 5 - 8 cm to avoid crushing high-pollution substances such as batteries and affecting subsequent recycling, and the rotation speed is 15 r / min. The garbage is sent into the low-speed crusher 1 through a belt conveyor, and the size of the material after crushing is controlled within 5 - 8 cm to avoid difficult subsequent sorting caused by excessive crushing. During the crushing process, the circulating water (pH 6.5 - 7.5) returned from the submerged material treatment section 5 is sprayed to initially remove the surface stains.

[0029] 2. Water-washing mixer 2: It is a double-layer horizontal drum structure, the rotation speed of the inner layer drum is 8 r / min, and the outer layer is fixed. After the crushed garbage enters the drum, circulating water (water-to-material ratio 3:1) is injected, and through the rotation of the drum and the stirring of the built-in spiral blades, continuous cleaning for 20 minutes is achieved. The floating materials such as light plastics and fibers are conveyed to the floating treatment section 3 through the top scraper; the submerged materials such as heavy metals, glass, and sand fall into the submerged material treatment section 5 through the bottom screen (aperture 5 mm); the sewage containing organic substances and oils is pumped into the liquid treatment section 4.

[0030] 3. Floating treatment section 3:

[0031] The first conveying auger 31: with a diameter of 500 mm, a length of 8 m, an internal heating module 34, a temperature setting of 50 °C, squeezing and dehydrating the floating material with a moisture content of 80% to a moisture content of ≤ 30%, and the squeezed water flowing back to the low-speed crusher 1.

[0032] The second conveying auger 32: with a diameter of 400 mm, a length of 10 m, an internal heating module 34, heated to 180 °C, melting the PE / PP plastic into a mass, separating the molten plastic from the unmelted impurities (such as PET, rubber) through the end filter screen (aperture 10 mm). The molten plastic is granulated by an underwater pelletizer (particle size 3 - 5 mm), with a purity of ≥ 95%; the unmelted material enters the third conveying auger 33.

[0033] The third conveying auger 33: with a diameter of 350 mm, a length of 12 m, an internal heating module 34, heated to 300 °C, pyrolyzing and carbonizing organic substances such as wood fiber and rubber to generate high-temperature gas (CO, H2, etc.) which is introduced into a gas-fired power generation unit for power generation (power generation efficiency 35%), and the residue is extruded into carbon rods (diameter 30 mm, calorific value 4500 kcal / kg).

[0034] 4. Liquid treatment section 4: The sewage passes through a multi-stage series biogas treatment tank 41, and the S-shaped liquid channel 42 in the biogas treatment tank 41 extends the flow path. Using the waste heat (hot air temperature 120 °C) in the first conveying auger 31, the second conveying auger 32, and the second conveying auger 32 to heat the sewage, the first tank evaporates 70% of the water, and the second and third tanks concentrate it to a liquid fertilizer with a solid content of 15% (N-P-K content 4 - 3 - 2), and anaerobic fermentation produces biogas (CH4 content 60%), which is the main biogas production area. The biogas is mixed with the pyrolysis gas for power generation. The fourth tank extracts the residual biogas and accelerates the concentration through gas-liquid separation into a suitable liquid fertilizer. The evaporated water vapor is collected by the inclined guide cover 43 and introduced into the carbon rod cooling area for secondary heating, and is converted into steam to drive a small steam turbine for supplementary power; each of the multiple biogas treatment tanks 41 is equipped with a flow rate control valve and a device for detecting the PH value. 20% to 50% of the third-stage biogas treatment tank 41 flows into the first-stage biogas treatment tank 41 to inoculate biogas bacteria.

[0035] 5. Submerged material treatment section 5:

[0036] The primary washing pool 51 for submerged materials: uses an ultrasonic vibrating plate (frequency 28 kHz) to perform secondary cleaning on metals and glass to remove the residual organic substances on the surface.

[0037] The secondary washing pool 52 for submerged materials: connects to municipal water (flow rate 5 m 3 / h), through deep cleaning by high-pressure spraying (pressure 2 MPa), the cleaning water is reversely transported to the primary washing tank 51 of the submerged materials for reuse, and the final recycled water is pumped into the low-speed crusher 1 after being filtered by the sedimentation tank for recycling. The cleaned metals (purity ≥ 98%) and glass (impurities ≤ 1%) are classified and recovered by magnetic separation and optoelectronic separators.

[0038] Among them, the municipal makeup water level controls the municipal makeup water volume with the liquid inhaled by the biogas treatment tank 41. When the detected liquid state reaches about 5% of the solid content standard and flows into the biogas treatment tank 41 less than the standard, the makeup water flow rate slows down; when it is more than the standard, the makeup water flow rate speeds up.

[0039] Taking the system for daily treatment of 200 tons of mixed garbage as an example in this embodiment, through low-speed crushing and water washing separation, precise separation of light floating materials, liquids and submerged materials is achieved. Combining gradient pyrolysis (dehydration at 50 °C, melting granulation at 180 °C, carbonization at 300 °C), plastics and fibers are converted into high-purity particles and carbon rods. At the same time, the waste heat is used to drive multi-stage evaporation and concentration of sewage to produce liquid fertilizers and biogas, and integrated gas-steam combined power generation is carried out; the recovery rates of metals / glass, etc. in the submerged materials reach 95% after ultrasonic-high-pressure countercurrent cleaning, and the circulating water consumption is reduced by 70%. The system realizes the full-quantification treatment of garbage, the resource utilization rate exceeds 90%, and the waste gas and waste water are nearly zero-emission, providing an efficient and low-carbon industrial solution for high-moisture mixed garbage.

Claims

1. A fully resource-based and pollution-free treatment system for garbage, characterized in that, It includes a low-speed crusher (1), a water-washing mixer (2), a floating treatment section (3), a liquid treatment section (4), and a submerged material treatment section (5): The low-speed crusher (1) crushes the garbage; The water-washing mixer (2) washes the crushed garbage; The floating treatment section (3) sequentially performs heat extrusion for water removal, melting, pyrolysis power generation, and carbonization on the floating materials in the water-washing mixer (2); The liquid treatment section (4) uses the remaining heat from heating in the floating treatment section (3) to perform multiple drying and water removal operations on the liquid materials in the water-washing mixer (2) to form liquid fertilizer and biogas, and the biogas is burned for power generation; The submerged material treatment section (5) performs multiple flushing and cleaning operations on the submerged materials in the water-washing mixer (2), classifies and recovers the cleaned submerged materials, and the water during the cleaning process is transported to the low-speed crusher (1) and enters the water-washing mixer (2) along the low-speed crusher (1) to wash the garbage.

2. The pollution-free treatment system for total resource utilization of garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floating treatment section (3) includes a first conveying auger (31), a second conveying auger (32), and a third conveying auger (33), and heating modules (34) are provided on the first conveying auger (31), the second conveying auger (32), and the third conveying auger (33); The floating materials in the water-washing mixer (2) are directly transported into the first conveying auger (31). The heating module (34) on the first conveying auger (31) heats the floating materials transported inside it, and the heating temperature is 50°. The first conveying auger (31) squeezes out the water and oil in the floating materials, and the squeezed-out water flows back to the low-speed crusher (1) and enters the water-washing mixer (2) again for treatment; The second conveying auger (32) receives the floating materials with water squeezed out in the first conveying auger (31). The heating module (34) on the second conveying auger (32) heats the floating materials transported inside it, and the heating temperature is 180°, so that plastics and other materials in the floating garbage melt. After the second conveying auger 32 outputs the floating materials, it separates the floating materials within the meltable range of 180° from other non-meltable floating materials, and performs granulation treatment on the melted floating materials. The third conveying auger (33) receives the floating materials that are not meltable at 180° in the second conveying auger (32). The heating module (34) on the third conveying auger (33) reheats the floating materials transported inside it, and the heating temperature is 250° - 350°, so that the floating materials are pyrolyzed. The heat generated during the pyrolysis process is used for power generation, and at the same time, the combustion exhaust gas is burned. The pyrolyzed floating materials are carbonized and extruded into carbon rods.

3. A fully resource-based and pollution-free treatment system for garbage according to claim 2, characterized in that, The liquid treatment section (4) includes a plurality of biogas treatment tanks (41). Inside the biogas treatment tank (41), a liquid delivery channel (42) with an S-shaped structure is installed. The liquid delivery channels (42) in the plurality of biogas treatment tanks (41) are connected end to end. The liquid material in the water-washing mixer (2) is delivered into the liquid delivery channel (42) in the front-end biogas treatment tank (41). The waste heat heated by the heating module (34) in the first conveyor auger (31), the second conveyor auger (32), and the third conveyor auger (33) is delivered into the plurality of biogas treatment tanks (41) to heat and evaporate the moisture in the liquid material in the liquid delivery channel (42), separate the water vapor from the liquid material, and gradually form a concentrated liquid fertilizer from the liquid material.

4. A fully resource-based and pollution-free treatment system for garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The submerged material treatment section (5) includes a submerged material primary washing tank (51) and a submerged material secondary washing tank (52). The submerged material after being washed in the water-washing mixer (2) first enters the submerged material primary washing tank (51) for secondary washing, and then enters the submerged material secondary washing tank (52) for tertiary washing after the washing is completed. The submerged material secondary washing tank (52) is connected to the municipal water supply. After the water washes the submerged material in the submerged material secondary washing tank (52), it is delivered into the submerged material primary washing tank (51) to wash the submerged material inside it. After the submerged material in the submerged material primary washing tank (51) is washed, it is directly delivered into the low-speed crusher (1) and then enters the water-washing mixer (2) to preliminarily wash the garbage.

5. A fully resource-based and pollution-free treatment system for garbage according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper end of the biogas treatment tank (41) is of an open structure, and an inclined guide cover (43) is installed at the upper opening thereof. The inclined guide cover (43) collects the water vapor evaporated in the biogas treatment tank (41) and conducts centralized guiding. The carbon rods extruded by the third conveyor auger (33) are in a high-temperature state to heat and evaporate the centralized water, and the evaporated water vapor is used for steam power generation.

6. The pollution-free treatment system for total resource utilization of garbage according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gradually concentrated liquid fertilizer forms biogas, and the biogas in the tail biogas treatment tank (41) and the pyrolysis heat in the floating treatment section (3) are jointly used for power generation.

7. A fully resourceful and pollution-free treatment system for garbage according to claim Z, characterized in that, The penultimate biogas treatment tank (41) is connected to the front-end biogas treatment tank (41), so that the bacteria in the penultimate biogas treatment tank (41) are introduced into the front-end biogas treatment tank (41).

8. The pollution-free treatment system for total resource utilization of garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that The crushing diameter of the low-speed crusher (1) is 5 - 8 cm.

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