Crane with adjustable balance weight and lifting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hoisting equipment, in particular to a crane with an adjustable balance weight and a hoisting method.The crane with the adjustable balance weight comprises a base, a control table rotationally connected to the base and a hoisting arm movably installed on the control table, a supporting table is fixedly arranged on the control table, and a balance weight frame is hinged to the supporting table; one end of the counterweight frame is connected with the cargo boom, and the other end of the counterweight frame is connected with a counterweight hammer; the device further comprises a balance weight plate connected with the console, a driving part, a first balance weight unit and a second balance weight unit are arranged on the balance weight plate, and the driving part is connected with the first balance weight unit and the second balance weight unit. The technical problems that an existing fixed balance weight system of the crane cannot be adjusted according to the weight of a lifted object, dynamic unbalance of stabilizing moment and overturning moment is easily caused, and therefore the safety risk is increased, and the maneuverability of the whole crane is reduced are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lifting equipment, and particularly relates to a crane with adjustable counterweight and a lifting method. Background Art

[0002] As a core construction machinery in the fields of construction, road construction and rescue, the counterweight adjustment mechanism of a crane has a decisive impact on the overall stability, operation efficiency and safety performance of the whole machine; the counterweight offsets the overturning moment generated by the lifting load by increasing the stabilizing moment. Traditional cranes generally adopt a fixed counterweight structure, and rigid counterweight blocks are statically installed at the rear end of the turntable to balance the overturning moment generated by the lifting load. Its design needs to simultaneously meet the calculated value of the stabilizing moment and the limit requirements of the national mandatory standard for the axle load of the rear axle. Although this solution has the advantages of simple structure and low manufacturing cost, it has significant defects in practical applications: on the one hand, the spatial distribution form of the fixed counterweight is rigidly coupled with the position of the center of gravity of the whole machine, and it is impossible to adjust the counterweight parameters in real time according to the lifting mass, amplitude change and complex terrain conditions, resulting in the dynamic matching imbalance between the stabilizing moment and the overturning moment during the operation process, which not only limits the maximum lifting weight but also easily causes the risk of overturning; on the other hand, excessive configuration of counterweight blocks to cover extreme working conditions will lead to redundancy of the self-weight of the whole machine, exacerbate energy consumption and reduce the mobility during transfer. With the development of modern engineering construction projects towards high altitude and large span, as well as the increasing demand for rapid response of equipment in emergency rescue scenarios, the traditional fixed counterweight mode has been difficult to meet the dynamic and high-precision moment balance requirements. Its inherent rigidity and non-adjustable characteristics have become the core technical bottleneck restricting the improvement of the operation efficiency and safety performance of the crane, and it is urgent to develop a dynamic counterweight system with self-adaptive adjustment ability to achieve the coordinated optimization of the overall stability and mobility of the whole machine.

[0003] Therefore, in view of this, the inventor proposes a crane with adjustable counterweight to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a crane with adjustable counterweight to solve the technical problem that the fixed counterweight system of the existing crane cannot be adjusted according to the weight of the lifted object, which easily leads to the dynamic imbalance between the stabilizing moment and the overturning moment, thereby increasing the safety risk; the second purpose is to propose a lifting method.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is as follows: A crane with adjustable counterweight, including a base, a console rotatably connected to the base, and a boom movably installed on the console. A support platform is fixedly arranged on the console, a counterweight frame is hinged to the support platform, one end of the counterweight frame is connected to the boom, and a counterweight is connected to the other end of the counterweight frame; It further includes a counterweight plate connected to the console. The counterweight plate is installed on the side of the console facing away from the boom. A driving member, a first counterweight unit, and a second counterweight unit are provided on the counterweight plate. The driving member is connected to the first counterweight unit and the second counterweight unit and is used to drive the first counterweight unit and the second counterweight unit to move away from or close to the console simultaneously.

[0006] According to the above technical solution, when the boom is performing a hoisting operation, the console can rotate around the base to adjust the operation orientation. The counterweight frame transfers the load of the boom to the console and the counterweight through the hinge structure to form the basic counterweight. At the same time, the driving member provided on the counterweight plate synchronously drives the first counterweight unit and the second counterweight unit to move in opposite or the same direction horizontally. By changing the horizontal distance between the first counterweight unit and the second counterweight unit and the console, the length of the force arm is dynamically adjusted. When the weight of the lifted object increases or the extension amplitude of the boom increases, the driving member pushes the first counterweight unit and the second counterweight unit to move away from the console simultaneously, and the stable moment is increased by increasing the length of the force arm. On the contrary, in the light load or transfer working conditions, the driving member drives the counterweight blocks to contract towards the console direction, which not only maintains the basic balance but also reduces the center of gravity of the whole machine. Through the synergistic effect of the horizontal displacement of the counterweight blocks and the fixed counterweight, this structure realizes the dynamic matching of the stable moment and the overturning moment, and at the same time ensures the operation safety and equipment mobility.

[0007] Further, the first counterweight unit includes a rotating disc rotatably installed on the counterweight plate, and a driving post is eccentrically arranged on the rotating disc; Along the first direction, two support blocks are symmetrically arranged on the counterweight plate. A sliding rod is slidably connected to the two support blocks. A sliding frame is fixedly connected to the sliding rod. An annular groove is provided in the middle of the sliding rod. The driving post is arranged in the annular groove and is used to drive the sliding rod and the sliding frame to move; Along the second direction, connecting units are arranged on both sides of the sliding frame, and first counterweight seats are installed at the bottoms of the two connecting units.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, the first counterweight unit realizes the dynamic adjustment of the counterweight position through mechanical linkage. Its core operation mechanism is as follows: when the rotating disc rotates around the axis under the driving action, the eccentrically arranged driving post moves along an annular track, forcing the sliding rod embedded in the annular groove to slide horizontally under the guiding constraint of the support block; the linear motion of the sliding rod drives the sliding frame fixedly connected thereto to displace synchronously, and then the motion is converted into the sliding of the first counterweight seat along the second direction through the transmission mechanism of the connecting units on both sides, so as to realize the precise control of the overall centroid position of the first counterweight unit.

[0009] Further, the connecting unit includes a mounting bracket and a support column slidably connected to the mounting bracket. Along the second direction, the mounting brackets are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the counterweight plate. A mounting seat is fixedly provided on the mounting bracket, and a first rod body is rotatably connected to the mounting seat; A chute is formed in the support column. A limit switch is provided at the top of the chute. A slider is slidably connected in the chute. The slider is hinged to the first rod body. The support column is connected to the sliding frame, and the first counterweight seat is installed at the bottom of the support column.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, when the sliding frame moves horizontally, it drives the support column to slide on the mounting bracket. When the slider is at the bottom of the chute, the support column is at the middle position of the mounting bracket. When the slider is at the middle position of the chute, the support column moves left by one-fourth based on the middle position of the mounting bracket. When the slider is at the middle position of the chute and the top of the slider contacts the limit switch, at this time, the support column moves to the leftmost position of the mounting bracket. Similarly, when the support column moves to the rightmost position of the mounting bracket, the slider contacts the limit switch. The limit switch monitors the position of the slider in real time and triggers mechanical protection when the maximum stroke is reached to prevent overrun of the movement, realizing the controllable displacement of the counterweight seat in the horizontal direction and establishing a safety constraint mechanism for the displacement boundary.

[0011] Further, along the first direction, a first adjusting cylinder and a second adjusting cylinder are symmetrically and fixedly provided on the counterweight plate. The first adjusting cylinder and the second adjusting cylinder are respectively arranged on both sides of the sliding frame; The first adjusting cylinder includes a first cylinder body and a first piston slidably and sealingly connected in the first cylinder body. The first piston divides the interior of the first cylinder body into a first air chamber and a first liquid chamber. A first connecting column is connected to the first piston, and the first connecting column extends out of the first cylinder body and is connected to one side of the sliding frame; The second adjusting cylinder includes a second cylinder body and a second piston slidably and sealingly connected in the second cylinder body. The second piston divides the interior of the second cylinder body into a second air chamber and a second liquid chamber. A second connecting column is connected to the second piston, and the second connecting column extends out of the second cylinder body and is connected to the other side of the sliding frame.

[0012] Further, the counterweight hammer includes a counterweight box and a sliding plug slidably connected in the counterweight box. The sliding plug divides the interior of the counterweight box into a third air chamber and a third liquid chamber; A first air pipe is connected between the first air chamber and the third air chamber, and a second air pipe is connected between the second air chamber and the third air chamber; A first liquid pipe is connected between the first liquid chamber and the third liquid chamber, and a second liquid pipe is connected between the second liquid chamber and the third liquid chamber.

[0013] Further, the counterweight includes a counterweight box and a sliding plug slidably connected inside the counterweight box. The sliding plug divides the interior of the counterweight box into a third air chamber and a third liquid chamber; A third air pipe is connected between the first air chamber and the second air chamber, and a fourth air pipe is connected between the first air chamber and the third air chamber; a third liquid pipe is connected between the first liquid chamber and the second liquid chamber, and a fourth liquid pipe is connected between the second liquid chamber and the third liquid chamber.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, when the sliding frame drives the first sliding plug and the second piston in the first adjusting cylinder and the second adjusting cylinder to move, the first air chamber and the second air chamber form a pressure linkage through the third air pipe. At the same time, the first air chamber communicates with the third air chamber of the counterweight through the fourth air pipe. If the sliding frame moves leftward to compress the first air chamber, the gas is injected into the third air chamber through the fourth air pipe to push the sliding plug, and the liquid in the third liquid chamber flows into the second liquid chamber through the fourth liquid pipe, and then is shunted to the first liquid chamber through the third liquid pipe; when the second sliding plug on the right moves synchronously, the gas pressure in the second air chamber is transmitted to the first air chamber through the third air pipe, forming a bilateral air chamber pressure balance. During this process, the dynamic adjustment of the liquid volume in the counterweight and the redistribution of the gas pressure work together. Through the cross-chamber flow of the fluid, the center of mass is adjusted steplessly, enabling the counterweight system to optimize the torque distribution in real time according to the change of the lifting load, ensuring both the operation stability and the equipment flexibility.

[0015] Further, the second counterweight unit includes a seat body plate fixedly installed at the bottom of the counterweight plate. Two driven gears meshing with each other are rotatably connected to the seat body plate. An arm rod unit is connected to each driven gear, and a second counterweight seat is connected to the arm rod unit; The driving member is a motor. The motor is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the seat body plate. The output shaft of the motor penetrates through the seat body plate and is connected with a driving shaft. The end of the driving shaft is coaxially connected with the rotating disk; A driving gear is coaxially and fixedly connected to the driving shaft. The driving gear meshes with one of the driven gears to control the opening and closing of the two arm rod units.

[0016] According to the above technical solution, when the motor is started, its output shaft drives the driving shaft to rotate. The driving shaft synchronously drives the driving gear and the rotating disk to rotate. When the rotating disk rotates to drive the sliding frame to move rightward, at the same time, the driving gear meshes with the driven gear on the seat body plate. Since the two driven gears mesh with each other, the rotation of the driving gear will force the two driven gears to rotate in opposite directions. When the sliding frame moves rightward, at this time, the ends of the two arm rod units approach each other, and then drive the two second counterweight seats to approach each other.

[0017] Further, the boom unit includes a first connecting rod fixed to the driven gear and a second connecting rod hinged to the first connecting rod. The end of the second connecting rod is connected to the second counterweight seat. A third connecting rod is hinged at the middle position of the second connecting rod, and the third connecting rod is hinged to the seat body plate.

[0018] According to the above technical solution, when the driving gear drives the driven gear to rotate, the first connecting rod fixed to the driven gear rotates accordingly. The rotation of the first connecting rod drives the second connecting rod to move through the hinge point, and the end of the second connecting rod pushes the second counterweight seat to move radially. At the same time, the third connecting rod in the middle of the second connecting rod is hinged to the seat body plate, forming a geometric constraint: when the first connecting rod rotates, the fulcrum action of the third connecting rod forces the second connecting rod to swing around its hinge point with the first connecting rod and translate along the trajectory of the third connecting rod. This double-hinge structure converts the rotational motion into a linear displacement of the second counterweight seat, enabling the counterweight seat to expand outward or contract inward according to the gear rotation direction. Through the differential meshing of the driving gear and the two driven gears, the two boom units generate displacements in opposite directions, realizing the dynamic adjustment of the distribution radius of the second counterweight unit, thereby jointly adjusting the moment balance of the whole machine with the first counterweight unit.

[0019] Further, the second counterweight seat includes a plurality of counterweight blocks, and the counterweight blocks can be stacked or disassembled with each other.

[0020] According to the above technical solution, each counterweight block can be independently stacked or disassembled, enabling users to quickly adjust the total counterweight and distribution form according to the operation requirements. When operating under heavy loads or large-scale lifting, the stacking units enhance the stabilizing moment. When operating under light loads or during transfer, reducing the units decreases the self-weight of the whole machine, optimizing energy consumption and mobility. The modular structure also simplifies the maintenance process, supports local replacement of damaged units, and extends the equipment life. In addition, the detachable design facilitates transportation and storage. During emergency rescue, the counterweight scheme can be quickly reconstructed, significantly improving the adaptability of the equipment to complex working conditions, and taking into account safety, efficiency, and economic benefits.

[0021] On the other hand, the present invention also proposes a lifting adjustment method for a crane, characterized in that: using the crane with adjustable counterweights as described above, including the following steps: S1: Initial state setting: According to the current operation conditions, set the initial positions of the first counterweight unit and the second counterweight unit, as well as the initial distribution ratio of the gas and liquid in the counterweight hammer, to ensure that the crane is in a basic balanced state; S2: Load monitoring and judgment: Real-time monitor the load state of the boom, and judge whether the load weight and the boom extension amplitude exceed the current counterweight adjustment range. If so, enter step S3; otherwise, maintain the current state; S3: Dynamic adjustment of the first counterweight unit: according to the load change, the rotating disk of the first counterweight unit is driven to rotate, and the first counterweight seat is moved in the horizontal direction through the mechanical linkage between the driving column and the sliding frame, so as to change the length of the force arm between the first counterweight unit and the control console. At the same time, the effective density of the counterweight hammer is adjusted through the gas-liquid linkage between the first adjustment cylinder and the second adjustment cylinder and the counterweight hammer, so as to realize the coordinated adjustment of the first counterweight unit and the counterweight hammer; S4: Dynamic adjustment of the second counterweight unit: While the first counterweight unit is being adjusted, the motor drives the second counterweight unit to move. Through the meshing transmission of the driving gear and the driven gear, the arm unit drives the second counterweight seat to expand outward or contract inward, changing the distribution radius of the second counterweight unit and further optimizing the torque balance of the whole machine. S5: Dynamic balance verification and fine-tuning: After completing steps S3 and S4, check in real time whether the stabilizing moment and overturning moment of the crane match. If there is a deviation, fine-tune the position of the first counterweight unit and / or the second counterweight unit, as well as the distribution ratio of gas and liquid in the counterweight hammer until a dynamic balance state is reached.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention realizes dynamic torque balance and efficient response by combining the first counterweight unit and the second counterweight unit. When the crane arm is performing a hoisting operation, the control console can simultaneously drive the first counterweight unit and the second counterweight unit to move toward or away from each other through the driving member according to the load change. The first counterweight unit quickly responds to the change of the load weight by changing the length of the lever arm, while the second counterweight unit compensates for the change of the load position by adjusting the distribution radius. The combined adjustment of the two avoids over-adjustment or under-adjustment caused by a single adjustment, and significantly shortens the balance recovery time. In addition, through the gas-liquid linkage of the first adjusting cylinder, the second adjusting cylinder and the counterweight hammer, the present invention also realizes the dynamic adjustment of the effective density of the counterweight hammer. This gas-liquid linkage mechanism cooperates with the position adjustment of the counterweight unit to further enhance the torque adjustment capability of the crane and ensure that a stable torque balance can be maintained under various working conditions.

[0023] By jointly adjusting the first counterweight unit and the second counterweight unit, and dynamically adjusting the effective density of the counterweight hammer, the present invention can cope with various load weights, positions and environmental disturbances. For example, when hoisting heavy loads over long distances, the present invention can significantly improve the anti-overturning ability of the crane by extending the lever arm and expanding the distribution radius; under lateral wind interference, the distribution radius adjustment of the second counterweight unit can effectively offset the lateral moment and maintain the stability of the crane. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 The whole (visible) of the crane with adjustable counterweight of the present invention Figure 1 ) Structural diagram; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the crane with adjustable counterweight of the present invention (view Figure 2 ) Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first counterweight unit in the crane with adjustable counterweight of the present invention (view Figure 1 ) Figure 4 This is a top view schematic diagram of the crane with adjustable counterweight of the present invention Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first counterweight unit in the crane with adjustable counterweight of the present invention (view Figure 2 ) Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first counterweight unit in the crane with adjustable counterweight of the present invention (view Figure 3 ) Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of part A structure in the crane with adjustable counterweight of the present invention Figure 6 in the crane with adjustable counterweight of the present invention Figure 8 This is a partial axonometric view schematic diagram of the crane with adjustable counterweight of the present invention Figure 9 This is a partial bottom view schematic diagram of the crane with adjustable counterweight of the present invention Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second counterweight unit in the crane with adjustable counterweight of the present invention Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the gas-liquid flow of the counterweight hammer in one embodiment of the crane with adjustable counterweight of the present invention Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the gas-liquid flow of the counterweight hammer in another embodiment of the crane with adjustable counterweight of the present invention Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the counterweight adjustment principle in the crane with adjustable counterweight of the present invention

[0025] Among them, the base 1, the console 2, the boom 31, the support platform 32, the counterweight frame 33, the counterweight 4, the counterweight box 41, the sliding plug 42, the third air chamber 43, the third liquid chamber 44, the first air pipe 45, the second air pipe 46, the first liquid pipe 47, the second liquid pipe 48, the counterweight plate 5, the driving member 6, the first counterweight unit 7, the rotating disk 71, the driving column 72, the support block 73, the sliding rod 74, the annular frame groove 75, the sliding frame 76, the connecting unit 77, the mounting frame 771, the support column 772, the mounting seat 773, the first rod body 774, the chute 775, the limit switch 776, the slider 777, the first counterweight seat 78, the second counterweight unit 8, the seat body plate 81, the driven gear 82, the driving shaft 83, the driving gear 84, the arm rod unit 85, the first connecting rod 851, the second connecting rod 852, the second counterweight seat 853, the third connecting rod 854, the first adjusting cylinder 91, the second adjusting cylinder 92, the first cylinder body 911, the first sliding plug 912, the first connecting column 913, the first air chamber 914, the first liquid chamber 915, the second cylinder body 921, the second sliding plug 922, the second connecting column 923, the second air chamber 924, the second liquid chamber 925, the third air pipe 926, the fourth air pipe 927, the third liquid pipe 928, and the fourth liquid pipe 929. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] The following will describe the implementation manners of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation manners. Various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for explaining the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments only illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner. Therefore, only the components related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, rather than being drawn according to the number, shape, and size of the components in actual implementation. The type, quantity, and ratio of each component in actual implementation can be arbitrarily changed, and the component layout type may also be more complex.

[0028] This embodiment provides a crane with adjustable counterweights, as Figures 1 to 13 shown, including a base 1, a console 2 rotatably connected to the base 1, and a boom 31 hingedly installed on the console 2. A support platform 32 is fixedly arranged on the console 2. A counterweight frame 33 is hinged to the support platform 32. The left end of the counterweight frame 33 is connected to the boom 31, and a counterweight 4 is connected to the right end of the counterweight frame 33.

[0029] It further includes a counterweight plate 5 fixedly connected to the console 2. The counterweight plate 5 is installed on the side of the console 2 facing away from the boom 31 (that is, Figure 2 in [reference], the counterweight plate 5 is located on the right side of the boom 31). A driving member 6, a first counterweight unit 7, and a second counterweight unit 8 are provided on the counterweight plate 5. The driving member 6 is connected to the first counterweight unit 7 and the second counterweight unit 8 and is used to drive the first counterweight unit 7 and the second counterweight unit 8 to move away from or close to the console 2 simultaneously.

[0030] In this embodiment, when the boom 31 performs a hoisting operation, the console 2 can rotate around the base 1 to adjust the operation orientation. The counterweight frame 33 transfers the load of the boom 31 to the console 2 and the counterweight 4 through a hinged structure to form a balanced counterweight. At the same time, the driving member 6 provided on the counterweight plate 5 synchronously drives the first counterweight unit 7 and the second counterweight unit 8 to move towards or away from each other. By changing the horizontal distance between the first counterweight unit 7 and the second counterweight unit 8 and the console 2, the length of the force arm is dynamically adjusted. When the weight of the lifted heavy object increases or the extension amplitude of the boom 31 increases, the driving member 6 pushes the first counterweight unit 7 and the second counterweight unit 8 to move away from the console 2 simultaneously, and the stable moment is increased by increasing the length of the force arm. On the contrary, in the light load or transit working conditions, the driving member 6 drives the counterweight blocks to contract towards the console 2, which not only maintains the basic balance but also adjusts the center of gravity of the whole machine. Combined with the counterweight 4, the dynamic matching of the stable moment and the overturning moment is achieved, and at the same time, the operation safety and equipment mobility are ensured.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the first counterweight unit 7 includes a rotating disk 71 rotatably installed on the counterweight plate 5, and a driving column 72 is eccentrically arranged on the rotating disk 71. As shown in Figure 3 , along the first direction, two support blocks 73 are symmetrically arranged on the counterweight plate 5. A sliding rod 74 is slidably connected to the two support blocks 73. A sliding frame 76 is fixedly connected to the sliding rod 74. An annular groove 75 is arranged in the middle of the sliding rod 74, and the driving column 72 is arranged in the annular groove 75. When the rotating disk 71 drives the driving column 72 to rotate, the driving column 72 is used to drive the sliding rod 74 and the sliding frame 76 to move. Along the second direction, connecting units 77 are arranged on both sides of the sliding frame 76, and first counterweight seats 78 are installed at the bottoms of the two connecting units 77.

[0032] In this embodiment, the first counterweight unit 7 dynamically adjusts the position of the first counterweight seat 78 through mechanical linkage, and its core operating mechanism is as follows: The rotating disk 71 rotates around the axis under the driving action, and the eccentrically arranged driving column 72 moves along an annular trajectory, forcing the sliding rod 74 embedded in the annular frame groove 75 to slide horizontally under the guiding and restraining of the two support blocks 73; the linear motion of the sliding rod 74 drives the sliding frame 76 fixedly connected thereto to displace synchronously, and then the first counterweight seat 78 on the two connecting units 77 moves left or right, thereby realizing precise regulation of the overall centroid position of the first counterweight unit 7.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment, as Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, the connecting unit 77 includes a mounting frame 771 and a support column 772 slidably connected to the mounting frame 771. Along the second direction, the mounting frames 771 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the counterweight plate 5. As Figure 7 shown, a mounting seat 773 is fixedly provided on the mounting frame 771, and a first rod body 774 is rotatably connected to the mounting seat 773; a chute 775 is formed in the support column 772, a limit switch 776 is provided at the top of the chute 775, a slider 777 is slidably connected in the chute 775, the slider 777 is hinged to the first rod body, the support column 772 is fixedly connected to the sliding frame 76, and the first counterweight seat 78 is mounted at the bottom of the support column 772. When the sliding frame 76 moves along the second direction, it drives the support column 772 to slide on the mounting frame 771. When the slider 777 is located at the bottom of the chute 775, the support column 772 is exactly located at the middle position of the mounting frame 771 (corresponding to Figure 6 ); for the convenience of review and understanding, as Figure 13 shown, the entire stroke of the first counterweight seat 78 is set to d. Figure 6 In Figure 6Taking [reference], when the driving member 6 drives the support column 772 to move rightward by d / 4, the slider 777 moves upward to the middle position of the chute 775. When the support column 772 is continuously driven to move rightward by d / 4, that is, at this time, the first counterweight seat 78 reaches the rightmost side of the entire stroke, and the slider 777 moves upward to the topmost end of the chute 775. At this time, the slider 777 also contacts the limit switch 776, triggering mechanical protection to prevent over-limit movement; realizing the controllable displacement of the counterweight seat in the horizontal direction, and at the same time establishing a safety constraint mechanism for the displacement boundary. The limit switch 776 is connected to the driving member 6. The mechanical linkage trigger protection mechanism of this embodiment relies on a photoelectric sensor or hydraulic limit compared with traditional technologies. Traditional technologies have risks such as signal delay, power dependence, or complex oil circuit failures. However, this design realizes the hard constraint of the displacement boundary through a pure mechanical structure. The physical contact between the slider 777 and the limit switch 776 provides instant trigger feedback without the intervention of external energy sources, and has higher reliability. Under extreme working conditions, even if the control system fails, the mechanical protection can still forcibly terminate the displacement to prevent structural over-travel damage or the overturning of the whole machine. In addition, the design without electrical components reduces the maintenance complexity, adapts to harsh environments such as construction sites and rescue sites, significantly improves the safety and durability of the equipment throughout its life cycle, and provides a more robust guarantee boundary for dynamic counterweight adjustment.

[0034] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 shown, along the first direction, a first adjusting cylinder 91 and a second adjusting cylinder 92 are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the counterweight plate 5. The first adjusting cylinder 91 and the second adjusting cylinder 92 are respectively arranged on both sides of the sliding frame 76; as Figure 11 shown, the first adjusting cylinder 91 includes a first cylinder body 911 and a first sliding plug 912 that is hermetically and slidably connected to the first cylinder body 911. The first sliding plug 912 divides the interior of the first cylinder body 911 into a first air chamber 914 on the left side and a first liquid chamber 915 on the right side. A first connecting column 913 is connected to the first sliding plug 912, and the right end of the first connecting column 913 extends out of the first cylinder body 911 and is connected to one side of the sliding frame 76.

[0035] The second adjusting cylinder 92 includes a second cylinder body 921 and a second sliding plug 922 that is hermetically and slidably connected to the second cylinder body 921. The second sliding plug 922 divides the interior of the second cylinder body 921 into a second air chamber 924 on the left side and a second liquid chamber 925 on the right side. A second connecting column 923 is connected to the second sliding plug 922, and the left end of the second connecting column 923 extends out of the second cylinder body 921 and is connected to the other side of the sliding frame 76.

[0036] As Figure 11 shown, the counterweight 4 includes a counterweight box 41 and a sliding plug 42 that is slidably connected inside the counterweight box 41. The sliding plug 42 divides the interior of the counterweight box 41 into a third air chamber 43 and a third liquid chamber 44. Embodiment

[0037] A first air duct 45 is connected between the first air chamber 914 and the third air chamber 43, and a second air duct 46 is connected between the second air chamber 924 and the third air chamber 43; a first liquid pipe 47 is connected between the first liquid chamber 915 and the third liquid chamber 44, and a second liquid pipe 48 is connected between the second liquid chamber 925 and the third liquid chamber 44.

[0038] When the sliding frame 76 moves along the second direction, the first adjusting cylinder 91 and the second adjusting cylinder 92 on both sides thereof drive the first sliding plug 912 and the second sliding plug 922 to synchronously displace in the first cylinder block 911 and the second cylinder block 921 respectively through the corresponding first connecting column 913 and the second connecting column 923. When the crane is lightly loaded or in transit and it is necessary to reduce or lower the lifting weight, the driving member 6 drives the sliding frame 76 to move left. Taking the leftward movement of the sliding frame 76 as an example: as Figure 11 shown, the left first sliding plug 912 moves left to compress the gas in the first air chamber 914, and the gas is injected into the third air chamber 43 of the counterweight 4, and simultaneously pushes the liquid in the third liquid chamber 44 to flow into the first liquid chamber 915 and the second liquid chamber 925; the right second sliding plug 922 synchronously moves left to compress the gas in the second air chamber 924, and the gas is injected into the third air chamber 43. In this process, through the gas volume expansion and liquid compensation mechanism, the total amount of liquid in the counterweight 4 is reduced and the total amount of gas is increased, thereby reducing the effective density of the counterweight 4, and cooperating with the horizontal displacement of the sliding frame 76 to form a double counterweight adjustment effect. This linkage design realizes the coordinated control of the displacement of the counterweight block and the mass change of the counterweight 4, and dynamically optimizes the torque balance of the whole machine.

[0039] Embodiment 2, as Figure 12 shown, a third air duct 926 is connected between the first air chamber 914 and the second air chamber 924, and a fourth air duct 927 is connected between the first air chamber 914 and the third air chamber 43; a third liquid pipe 928 is connected between the first liquid chamber 915 and the second liquid chamber 925, and a fourth liquid pipe 929 is connected between the second liquid chamber 925 and the third liquid chamber 44.

[0040] In this embodiment, when the sliding frame 76 drives the first sliding plug 912 and the second piston in the first adjusting cylinder 91 and the second adjusting cylinder 92 to move, the first air chamber 914 and the second air chamber 924 form a pressure linkage through the third air pipe 926. At the same time, the first air chamber 914 and the third air chamber 43 of the counterweight 4 are connected through the fourth air pipe 927. If the sliding frame 76 moves to the right, the first sliding plug 912 compresses the first liquid chamber 915, and the liquid in the first liquid chamber 915 enters the second liquid chamber 925 through the third liquid pipe 928. At the same time, the liquid in the second liquid chamber 925 enters the third liquid chamber 44 through the fourth liquid pipe 929 under the action of the second piston. In this process, through the gas volume reduction and liquid increase compensation mechanism, the total amount of liquid in the counterweight 4 increases and the total amount of gas decreases, thereby increasing the effective density of the counterweight 4 and achieving the purpose of dynamically optimizing the torque balance of the whole machine, ensuring both operation stability and equipment flexibility. In this embodiment, the distance between the second adjusting cylinder 92 and the control console 2 is greater than the distance between the first adjusting cylinder 91 and the control console 2. When it is necessary to increase the counterweight load, the driving member 6 drives the first counterweight seat 78 to move to the right, and at the same time the sliding frame 76 moves to the right. The liquid in the left first adjusting cylinder 91 enters the right second adjusting cylinder 92, and the liquid in the second adjusting cylinder 92 enters the counterweight 4, which can quickly realize the adjustment of torque balance.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, as Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 shown, the second counterweight unit 8 includes a seat body plate 81 fixedly installed at the bottom of the counterweight plate 5. Two driven gears 82 meshing with each other are rotatably connected to the seat body plate 81. An arm unit 85 is connected to each driven gear 82, and a second counterweight seat 853 is connected to the arm unit 85; the driving member 6 is a motor, and the motor is a forward and reverse motor. The motor is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the seat body plate 81, and the output shaft of the motor penetrates through the seat body plate 81 and is connected with a driving shaft 83. The end of the driving shaft 83 is coaxially connected with the rotating disk 71; a driving gear 84 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the driving shaft 83, and the driving gear 84 meshes with one of the driven gears 82 to control the opening and closing of the two arm units 85.

[0042] In this embodiment, when the motor rotates clockwise and the rotation angle is less than 180 degrees, its output shaft drives the drive shaft 83 to rotate. The drive shaft 83 synchronously drives the drive gear 84 and the rotating disk 71 to rotate clockwise. On the one hand, when the rotating disk 71 rotates and drives the sliding frame 76 to move to the right, the first counterweight seat 78 connected to the sliding frame 76 moves to the right. At this time, the liquid in the first adjusting cylinder 91 and the second adjusting cylinder 92 enters the counterweight 4; at the same time, the motor also drives the drive gear 84 to engage with one of the driven gears 82 on the seat body plate 81. Since the two driven gears 82 are meshed with each other, the rotation of the drive gear 84 will force the two driven gears 82 to rotate in opposite directions. When the sliding frame 76 moves to the right, the ends of the two arm rod units 85 approach each other, thereby driving the two second counterweight seats 853 to approach each other.

[0043] In this embodiment, the first counterweight unit 7 can quickly respond to the change of the load weight by changing the lever arm length between the first counterweight block and the console 2, and directly increase the anti-overturning moment by extending the lever arm length; the second counterweight unit 8 compensates for the moment deviation by adjusting the mapping length of the distribution of the second counterweight block to the horizontal direction. When the two are jointly adjusted, the first counterweight unit 7 is responsible for the basic moment adjustment, and the second counterweight unit 8 is responsible for the fine compensation, forming a hierarchical adjustment mechanism of "coarse adjustment + fine adjustment". The joint adjustment can adjust the lever arm length and the mapping length at the same time, avoid over-adjustment or under-adjustment caused by single adjustment, and significantly shorten the balance recovery time. When dealing with lateral wind force or lateral force caused by uneven ground in the working scenario, the adjustment of the distribution radius of the second counterweight unit 8 can improve the anti-lateral overturning ability, offset the lateral moment to a certain extent, and avoid overturning.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, as Figure 8 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10 shown, the arm rod unit 85 includes a first connecting rod 851 fixed to the driven gear 82 and a second connecting rod 852 hinged to the first connecting rod 851. The end of the second connecting rod 852 is connected to the second counterweight seat 853, and a third connecting rod 854 is hinged at the middle position of the second connecting rod 852. The third connecting rod 854 is hinged to the seat body plate 81. When the drive gear 84 drives the driven gear 82 to rotate, the first connecting rod 851 fixed to the driven gear 82 rotates accordingly. The rotation of the first connecting rod 851 drives the second connecting rod 852 to move through the hinge point, and the end of the second connecting rod 852 pushes the second counterweight seat 853 to move. At the same time, the third connecting rod 854 in the middle of the second connecting rod 852 is hinged to the seat body plate 81 to form a geometric constraint, so that the second counterweight seat 853 can expand or contract outward according to the gear rotation direction. Through the differential meshing of the drive gear 84 and the two driven gears 82, the two arm rod units 85 generate displacements in opposite directions, realizing the dynamic adjustment of the distribution radius of the second counterweight unit 8, so as to jointly adjust the moment balance of the whole machine with the first counterweight unit 7.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment, the second counterweight seat 853 includes a plurality of counterweight blocks, and the counterweight blocks can be superposed or disassembled with each other. Workers can quickly adjust the total counterweight and the distribution form according to the operation requirements. When operating under heavy load or performing a large-scale hoisting, the superposed units can enhance the stabilizing moment. When operating under light load or during a transfer, the reduced units can reduce the self-weight of the whole machine, optimizing energy consumption and mobility. The modular structure also simplifies the maintenance process, supports the partial replacement of damaged counterweight blocks, and extends the service life of the equipment. In addition, the detachable design facilitates transportation and storage. During an emergency rescue, the counterweight plan can be quickly reconstructed, significantly enhancing the adaptability of the equipment to complex working conditions and taking into account safety, efficiency, and economic benefits.

[0046] The present invention realizes dynamic moment balance through the coordinated adjustment of the densities of the first counterweight unit 7, the second counterweight unit 8, and the counterweight hammer 4. The specific working process is as follows Figure 13For example, when adjusting the counterweight from the light load state to the heavy load state, the weight of the first counterweight seat 78 is G1, the weight of the second counterweight seat 853 is G2, a is the distance between the boom 31 and the console 2, and d is the stroke of the first counterweight unit 7; the driving member 6 (such as a motor) is started, and its output shaft drives the rotating disk 71 to rotate clockwise by a preset angle (less than 180 degrees); the eccentric driving column 72 of the rotating disk 71 is embedded in the annular groove 75 of the sliding rod 74, forcing the sliding rod 74 to move horizontally to the right along the support block 73, driving the sliding frame 76 and the first counterweight seat 78 fixed on both sides thereof to move away from the console 2 synchronously to increase the length of the force arm, changing from the distance b1 in the light load state to the distance b2 in the heavy load state; at the same time, the rightward movement of the sliding frame 76 triggers the fluid compensation mechanism through the linkage of the first adjusting cylinder 91 and the second adjusting cylinder 92. The sliding frame 76 drives the first piston 912 of the first adjusting cylinder 91 to move to the right to compress the first liquid chamber 915, and the liquid therein is injected into the third liquid chamber 44 of the counterweight 4 through the first liquid pipe 47. At the same time, the second piston 922 of the second adjusting cylinder 92 moves to the right to make the liquid in the second liquid chamber 925 enter the third liquid chamber 44 through the second liquid pipe 48. The volume of the liquid in the counterweight 4 increases and the gas is compressed and discharged, resulting in an increase in its effective density to enhance the stabilizing moment; synchronously, the driving gear 84 on the output shaft of the driving member 6 meshes with the driven gear 82 of the second counterweight unit 8, driving the two driven gears 82 to rotate, driving the first connecting rod 851 to push the second counterweight seat 853 at the end of the second connecting rod 852 to contract and approach each other towards the middle, further increasing the stabilizing moment, changing from c1 to c2; when the load is reduced or during the transfer, the driving member 6 rotates in reverse, the sliding frame 76 moves to the left to drive the first counterweight seat 78 to move to the left from b2 to b1. The pistons of the first adjusting cylinder 91 and the second adjusting cylinder 92 move to the left to make the liquid in the counterweight 4 flow back to the adjusting cylinder and the gas is re-injected into the counterweight 4 to reduce its density. At the same time, the boom unit 85 of the second counterweight seat 853 expands to reduce the inertia of the whole machine; in the coordination of the three, the first counterweight unit 7 adjusts the basic force arm through the linear displacement of the sliding frame 76, the second counterweight unit 8 adjusts the counterweight distribution range through the contraction and expansion of the boom, and the counterweight 4 realizes density self-adaptation through the change of the gas-liquid ratio, forming a three-dimensional dynamic balance system of "linear displacement + space expansion + density regulation". And when any counterweight block moves to the stroke limit, the slider 777 in the chute 775 of the support column 772 contacts the limit switch 776 to forcibly cut off the drive to ensure the safety boundary of the system.

[0047] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a lifting adjustment method for a crane, which is characterized in that: a crane with adjustable counterweight as described above is adopted, including the following steps: S1: Initial state setting: According to the current operating conditions, set the initial positions of the first counterweight unit 7 and the second counterweight unit 8, as well as the initial distribution ratio of the gas and liquid in the counterweight 4, to ensure that the crane is in a basic balanced state; The operator inputs relevant parameters into the control system of the crane according to the current working environment (such as ground flatness, wind force level, working space limitation, etc.) and the expected working type (such as heavy load hoisting, light load handling, high-altitude operation, etc.); calculates and sets the initial positions of the first counterweight unit 7 and the second counterweight unit 8, as well as the initial distribution ratio of gas and liquid in the counterweight hammer 4 to ensure that the crane is in a basic balanced state; before setting the initial state, conduct a comprehensive inspection of all mechanical structures of the crane, including but not limited to rotating connectors, hinge joints, hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders, gear drive systems, etc., to ensure that each component is free of damage, looseness, and leakage, and use professional calibration tools to calibrate key components, such as the eccentricity of the rotating disk 71, the straightness of the sliding rod 74, the hinge flexibility of the boom unit 85, etc., to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the mechanical structure.

[0048] S2: Load monitoring and judgment: Real-time monitor the load state of the boom 31, and judge whether the load weight and the extension amplitude of the boom 31 exceed the current counterweight adjustment range. If it exceeds, enter step S3; otherwise, maintain the current state. Through the force sensors and displacement sensors installed on the boom 31, real-time monitor the load weight and extension amplitude of the boom 31, transmit the monitoring data to the control system of the crane for real-time analysis and processing. The control system judges whether the current load state exceeds the current counterweight adjustment range according to the preset load threshold and extension amplitude range. If it exceeds the range, trigger the alarm system to remind the operator to pay attention and automatically enter step S3 for counterweight adjustment; if it does not exceed the range, maintain the current state and continue to monitor.

[0049] S3: Dynamic adjustment of the first counterweight unit 7: According to the load change, drive the rotating disk 71 of the first counterweight unit 7 to rotate. Through the mechanical linkage of the drive column 72 and the sliding frame 76, make the first counterweight seat 78 move horizontally, change the lever arm length between the first counterweight unit 7 and the console 2. At the same time, through the gas-liquid linkage of the first adjustment cylinder 91 and the second adjustment cylinder 92 with the counterweight hammer 4, adjust the effective density of the counterweight hammer 4 to achieve the coordinated adjustment of the first counterweight unit 7 and the counterweight hammer 4. According to the load change, the control system drives the rotating disk 71 of the first counterweight unit 7 to rotate. Through the mechanical linkage of the driving column 72 and the sliding frame 76, the sliding frame 76 moves horizontally. The movement of the sliding frame 76 drives the sliding rod 74 and the first counterweight seat 78 fixedly connected thereto to displace synchronously, changing the length of the lever arm between the first counterweight unit 7 and the console 2. At the same time, through the gas-liquid linkage of the first adjusting cylinder 91 and the second adjusting cylinder 92 and the counterweight 4, the effective density of the counterweight 4 is adjusted. When the sliding frame 76 moves, the first piston 912 and the second piston 922 in the first adjusting cylinder 91 and the second adjusting cylinder 92 respectively displace synchronously in the first cylinder body 911 and the second cylinder body 921, compressing or releasing gas and liquid. Through the gas volume expansion and liquid compensation mechanism, the total amount of liquid and gas in the counterweight 4 changes, thereby adjusting the effective density of the counterweight 4.

[0050] S4: Dynamic adjustment of the second counterweight unit 8: While the first counterweight unit 7 is being adjusted, the motor drives the second counterweight unit 8 to move. Through the meshing transmission of the driving gear 84 and the driven gear 82, the arm unit 85 drives the second counterweight seat 853 to expand outward or contract inward, changing the distribution radius of the second counterweight unit 8 and further optimizing the moment balance of the whole machine; While the first counterweight unit 7 is being adjusted, the control system drives the motor of the second counterweight unit 8 to rotate. Through the meshing transmission of the driving gear 84 and the driven gear 82, the arm unit 85 drives the second counterweight seat 853 to expand outward or contract inward. The rotation angle and speed of the motor can be precisely controlled according to the load change to ensure that the adjustment of the distribution radius of the second counterweight unit 8 is coordinated with the adjustment of the lever arm length of the first counterweight unit 7. When the driving gear 84 drives the driven gear 82 to rotate, the first connecting rod 851 fixed to the driven gear 82 rotates accordingly, and the second connecting rod 852 is driven to move through the hinge point. The end of the second connecting rod 852 pushes the second counterweight seat 853 to move. At the same time, the third connecting rod 854 in the middle of the second connecting rod 852 is hinged to the seat plate 81, forming a geometric constraint, enabling the second counterweight seat 853 to expand outward or contract inward according to the gear rotation direction.

[0051] S5: Dynamic balance verification and fine-tuning: After completing steps S3 and S4, the control system checks in real time whether the stable moment and the overturning moment of the crane match. If there is a deviation, the positions of the first counterweight unit 7 and / or the second counterweight unit 8, as well as the distribution ratio of the gas and liquid in the counterweight 4, are fine-tuned until a dynamic balance state is achieved.

[0052] After completing steps S3 and S4, the stable torque and the tipping torque of the crane are verified in real time through the torque sensor and displacement sensor installed on the crane; the verification data is transmitted to the control system for real-time analysis and processing to determine whether the current crane is in a dynamic balance state; if there is a deviation, the control system fine-tunes the positions of the first counterweight unit 7 and / or the second counterweight unit 8, as well as the distribution ratio of the gas and liquid in the counterweight hammer 4 according to the magnitude and direction of the deviation; through fine-tuning, the torque balance of the whole machine is further optimized to ensure that the crane can maintain stability and safety under various working conditions; the process and results of each adjustment are recorded in the control system of the crane to form an adjustment log. According to the adjustment log, the adjustment performance of the crane is evaluated and optimized to provide reference and guidance for subsequent operations.

[0053] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments given to fully illustrate the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or transformations made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crane with adjustable counterweight, characterized in that, include: A base (1), a control console (2) rotatably connected to the base (1), and a lifting arm (31) movably mounted on the control console (2), wherein a support platform (32) is fixedly arranged on the control console (2), a counterweight frame (33) is hingedly connected to the support platform (32), one end of the counterweight frame (33) is connected to the lifting arm (31), and the other end of the counterweight frame (33) is connected to a counterweight hammer (4); It also comprises a counterweight plate (5) connected to the control console (2), the counterweight plate (5) being mounted on a side of the control console (2) facing away from the lifting arm (31), the counterweight plate (5) being provided with a driving member (6), a first counterweight unit (7) and a second counterweight unit (8), the driving member (6) being connected to the first counterweight unit (7) and the second counterweight unit (8) and being used for driving the first counterweight unit (7) and the second counterweight unit (8) to move away from or approach the control console (2) at the same time.

2. The counterweight-adjustable crane according to claim 1, wherein: The first counterweight unit (7) comprises a rotating disk (71) rotatably mounted on the counterweight plate (5), and a driving column (72) is eccentrically arranged on the rotating disk (71); Along the first direction, two support blocks (73) are symmetrically arranged on the counterweight plate (5), a slide rod (74) is slidably connected to the two support blocks (73), a slide frame (76) is fixedly connected to the slide rod (74), an annular frame groove (75) is arranged in the middle of the slide rod (74), and the driving column (72) is arranged in the annular frame groove (75) for driving the slide rod (74) and the slide frame (76) to move; Along the second direction, connection units (77) are provided on both sides of the sliding frame (76), and first counterweight seats (78) are installed at the bottoms of the two connection units (77).

3. The counterweight-adjustable crane according to claim 2, wherein: The connection unit (77) comprises a mounting frame (771) and a support column (772) slidably connected to the mounting frame (771); along the second direction, the mounting frame (771) is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the counterweight plate (5); a mounting seat (773) is fixedly arranged on the mounting frame (771); and a first rod body (774) is rotatably connected to the mounting seat (773); A slide groove (775) is provided in the support column (772), a limit switch (776) is provided at the top of the slide groove (775), a slider (777) is slidably connected in the slide groove (775), the slider (777) is hinged to the first rod body (774), the support column (772) is connected to the sliding frame (76), and the first counterweight seat (78) is installed at the bottom of the support column (772).

4. The crane with adjustable counterweight according to claim 3, characterized in that: Along the first direction, a first adjusting cylinder (91) and a second adjusting cylinder (92) are symmetrically fixedly arranged on the counterweight plate (5), and the first adjusting cylinder (91) and the second adjusting cylinder (92) are respectively arranged on two sides of the sliding frame (76); The first adjusting cylinder (91) includes a first cylinder body (911) and a first sliding plug (912) that is hermetically and slidably connected to the first cylinder body (911). The first sliding plug (912) divides the interior of the first cylinder body (911) into a first air chamber (914) and a first liquid chamber (915). A first connecting column (913) is connected to the first sliding plug (912), and the first connecting column (913) extends out of the first cylinder body (911) and is connected to one side of the sliding frame (76). The second adjusting cylinder (92) includes a second cylinder body (921) and a second sliding plug (922) that is hermetically and slidably connected to the second cylinder body (921). The second sliding plug (922) divides the interior of the second cylinder body (921) into a second air chamber (924) and a second liquid chamber (925). A second connecting column (923) is connected to the second sliding plug (922), and the second connecting column (923) extends out of the second cylinder body (921) and is connected to the other side of the sliding frame (76).

5. The crane with adjustable counterweight according to claim 4, wherein: The counterweight (4) includes a counterweight box (41) and a sliding plug (42) that is slidably connected inside the counterweight box (41). The sliding plug (42) divides the interior of the counterweight box (41) into a third air chamber (43) and a third liquid chamber (44). A first air pipe (45) is connected between the first air chamber (914) and the third air chamber (43), and a second air pipe (46) is connected between the second air chamber (924) and the third air chamber (43). A first liquid pipe (47) is connected between the first liquid chamber (915) and the third liquid chamber (44), and a second liquid pipe (48) is connected between the second liquid chamber (925) and the third liquid chamber (44).

6. The crane with adjustable counterweight according to claim 4, wherein: The counterweight (4) includes a counterweight box (41) and a sliding plug (42) that is slidably connected inside the counterweight box (41). The sliding plug (42) divides the interior of the counterweight box (41) into a third air chamber (43) and a third liquid chamber (44). A third air pipe (926) is connected between the first air chamber (914) and the second air chamber (924), and a fourth air pipe (927) is connected between the first air chamber (914) and the third air chamber (43); a third liquid pipe (928) is connected between the first liquid chamber (915) and the second liquid chamber (925), and a fourth liquid pipe (929) is connected between the second liquid chamber (925) and the third liquid chamber (44).

7. The counterweight-adjustable crane according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: The second counterweight unit (8) includes a seat body plate (81) fixedly installed at the bottom of the counterweight plate (5). Two driven gears (82) that mesh with each other are rotatably connected to the seat body plate (81). An arm rod unit (85) is connected to each driven gear (82), and a second counterweight seat (853) is connected to the arm rod unit (85). The driving member (6) is a motor. The motor is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the seat body plate (81). The output shaft of the motor penetrates through the seat body plate (81) and is connected to a driving shaft (83). The end of the driving shaft (83) is coaxially connected to the rotating disc (71). A drive gear (84) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the drive shaft (83). The drive gear (84) meshes with one of the driven gears (82) to control the opening and closing of the two boom units (85).

8. The counterweight-adjustable crane according to claim 7, wherein: The boom unit (85) includes a first connecting rod (851) fixed to the driven gear (82) and a second connecting rod (852) hinged to the first connecting rod (851). The end of the second connecting rod (852) is connected to the second counterweight seat (853). A third connecting rod (854) is hinged at the middle position of the second connecting rod (852), and the third connecting rod (854) is hinged to the seat plate (81).

9. The counterweight adjustable crane according to claim 8, wherein: The second counterweight seat (853) includes a plurality of counterweight blocks, and the counterweight blocks can be stacked or disassembled with each other.

10. A lifting adjustment method for a crane, characterized in that: Using the crane with adjustable counterweight according to any one of claims 1-9, the following steps are included: S1: Initial state setting: According to the current working condition, set the initial positions of the first counterweight unit (7) and the second counterweight unit (8), and the initial distribution ratio of gas and liquid in the counterweight hammer (4) to ensure that the crane is in a basic balanced state; S2: Load monitoring and judgment: Monitor the load state of the boom (31) in real time, and judge whether the load weight and the extension amplitude of the boom (31) exceed the current counterweight adjustment range. If it exceeds, enter step S3; otherwise, maintain the current state; S3: Dynamic adjustment of the first counterweight unit (7): According to the load change, drive the rotating disk (71) of the first counterweight unit (7) to rotate. Through the mechanical linkage of the drive column (72) and the sliding frame (76), the first counterweight seat (78) moves horizontally to change the lever arm length between the first counterweight unit (7) and the console (2). At the same time, through the gas-liquid linkage of the first adjusting cylinder (91) and the second adjusting cylinder (92) with the counterweight hammer (4), adjust the effective density of the counterweight hammer (4) to achieve the coordinated adjustment of the first counterweight unit (7) and the counterweight hammer (4); S4: Dynamic adjustment of the second counterweight unit (8): While the first counterweight unit (7) is adjusted, the motor drives the second counterweight unit (8) to move. Through the meshing transmission of the drive gear (84) and the driven gear (82), the boom unit (85) drives the second counterweight seat (853) to expand outward or contract inward to change the distribution radius of the second counterweight unit (8) and further optimize the moment balance of the whole machine; S5: Dynamic balance verification and fine-tuning: After completing steps S3 and S4, verify in real time whether the stable moment and the overturning moment of the crane match. If there is a deviation, adjust the positions of the first counterweight unit (7) and the second counterweight unit (8), and the distribution ratio of gas and liquid in the counterweight hammer (4) until the dynamic balance state is reached.

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