Multi-axis linkage film forming drum for controlled-release fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to a controlled-release fertilizer multi-shaft linkage film-forming drum, which belongs to the field of slow-release fertilizer production, and comprises a charging barrel, the charging barrel is slightly inclined, one side of the charging barrel is provided with a fertilizer input port, the other side of the charging barrel is provided with a slow-release fertilizer outlet, and the charging barrel adopts a split structure; a preheating section, a film coating section, a film forming section and an anti-caking section are sequentially arranged on the charging barrel from the fertilizer input port to the slow-release fertilizer outlet; the revolution ratio of the preheating section to the film coating section to the film forming section to the anti-caking section is 1: 4: 3: 2, and the lifting plates are circumferentially distributed in the charging barrel; the functional pipe is arranged above the charging barrel and comprises a coating agent pipe, an anti-blocking agent pipe and a hot air pipeline, the coating agent pipe is connected with a coating agent nozzle, and the anti-blocking agent pipe is connected with an anti-blocking agent nozzle. A plurality of treatment areas such as the preheating section, the film coating section, the film forming section and the anti-caking section are arranged in the charging barrel, so that the film coating effect of the fertilizer can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of slow-release fertilizer production, and particularly relates to a multi-axis linkage film-forming drum for controlled-release fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] Slow-release fertilizers are fertilizers that can gradually release nutrients over a long period of time and are widely used in the fields of agriculture, horticulture, and flower cultivation. Compared with traditional quick-acting fertilizers, slow-release fertilizers can reduce nutrient loss, improve fertilizer utilization rate, and at the same time reduce the fertilization frequency, thereby reducing the adverse impact on the environment. However, there are still some deficiencies in the existing production processes of slow-release fertilizers, which affect the product quality and usage effect.

[0003] Currently, the production of slow-release fertilizers usually adopts a spraying and coating process, that is, a polymer or inorganic material is coated on the surface of fertilizer particles to control the nutrient release rate. However, the existing processes generally have the following problems: the traditional drum coating efficiency is relatively low, the rotation speed and material distribution are limited, which is not conducive to large-scale continuous production; the spraying and drying processes have a long cycle and high energy consumption, affecting the overall production efficiency. In addition, the film layer forming quality and anti-caking performance are also easily affected, further weakening the product stability.

[0004] Based on this, a multi-axis linkage film-forming drum for controlled-release fertilizer is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-axis linkage film-forming drum for controlled-release fertilizer, which improves the coating effect of slow-release fertilizer.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A multi-axis linkage film-forming drum for controlled-release fertilizer, comprising:

[0008] A material cylinder, the material cylinder is slightly inclined, one side of the material cylinder is a fertilizer input port, and the other side is a slow-release fertilizer outlet. The material cylinder adopts a split structure, and the material cylinder is successively a preheating section, a coating section, a film-forming section, and an anti-caking section from the fertilizer input port to the slow-release fertilizer outlet; the rotation speed ratio of the preheating section: the coating section: the film-forming section: the stable film-forming section is 1:4:3:2

[0009] Lifting plates, the lifting plates are circumferentially distributed in the material cylinder;

[0010] Function tubes, the function tubes are arranged above the material cylinder, including a coating agent tube, an anti-caking agent tube, and a hot air pipeline. The coating agent tube is connected to a coating agent nozzle, and the anti-caking agent tube is connected to an anti-caking agent nozzle.

[0011] Furthermore, connecting bosses and connecting grooves are respectively provided between adjacent material cylinder sections, and are connected by mutual cooperation of the connecting bosses and the connecting grooves.

[0012] Further, the barrel is fixed and supported and driven by three support power modules. The barrel is provided with two support power modules for support and limit. The support power module directly above is used to ensure stability. There are two outer barrel rings on the preheating section, the film coating section, the film forming section, and the anti-caking section. Each support power module is provided with a support ring that cooperates with the outer barrel ring in each barrel section. A limit ring groove is provided on the support ring, and the outer barrel ring is arranged in the limit ring groove.

[0013] Further, the support power module includes a first transmission shaft, a second transmission shaft, a third transmission shaft, and a fourth transmission shaft. Both ends of each transmission shaft are installed and fixed through a transmission shaft mounting seat. A differential connector is provided between two adjacent transmission shafts, and the differential connector is used to adjust the rotation speed ratio between adjacent transmission shafts.

[0014] Further, the differential connector is composed of a sun gear, a planetary gear, an outer gear ring, and a planetary gear carrier. The sun gear is connected to the output / input shaft and meshes with a plurality of planetary gears. The planetary gears revolve around the sun gear and at the same time mesh with the fixed outer gear ring. The planetary gears are installed on the planetary gear carrier and drive the planetary gear carrier to rotate. The planetary gear carrier is connected to the input / output shaft.

[0015] Further, the material lifting plate is a variable spiral plate, and the ratio of the spiral heights of the variable spiral plate in the preheating section spiral, the film coating section spiral, the film forming section spiral, and the anti-caking section spiral is 5:3:4:2.

[0016] Further, an inclined material storage baffle is provided at the front end of the variable spiral plate.

[0017] Further, the film coating agent is a polyurethane polymer material.

[0018] Further, the anti-caking agent is a silicate-based or polymer-based anti-caking agent.

[0019] Advantageous effects:

[0020] Through segmented differential collaborative control, the present disclosure designs a four-section split barrel for the preheating section, the film coating section, the film forming section, and the anti-caking section, and sets the rotation speed ratio of each section of the rotating barrel to 1:4:3:2, realizing the precise adaptation of process parameters to ensure the film forming effect.

[0021] Of course, it is not necessary for any product implementing the present invention to simultaneously achieve all the above-mentioned advantages. Description of the drawings

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 It is the overall structure diagram of the embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 2 It is the structure diagram of the barrel of the embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 3 It is the structure diagram of the support power module of the embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 4 It is the internal structure diagram of the differential connector of the embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 5 It is the structure diagram of the material lifting plate of the embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 6 It is the installation schematic diagram of the missing part of the material lifting plate of the embodiment of the present disclosure. Specific embodiments

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The present disclosure provides a multi-axis linkage film-forming drum for controlled-release fertilizers, and its structure includes the following main parts;

[0031] Fertilizer input port: Fertilizer enters the device through this area and is guided to the subsequent processing area by the conveying mechanism.

[0032] Preheating section: After the fertilizer enters the preheating section, it is heated to an appropriate temperature through hot air or other heating methods to improve the subsequent film coating effect. The rotation speed of the drum in this area is relatively low to ensure uniform heating of the fertilizer and avoid local overheating affecting the film coating quality.

[0033] Film coating section: In this area, the surface of the fertilizer is evenly coated with a film coating material to form a slow-release film layer. The rotation speed of the drum in this area is relatively high to ensure sufficient rolling of the fertilizer and make the film coating material evenly cover the surface of the particles.

[0034] Film-forming section: The fertilizer undergoes heating and further coating treatment here to complete the final film-forming operation. The rotating drum in this area rotates at a moderate speed to promote the uniform distribution of the film, making the slow-release effect more persistent.

[0035] Anti-caking section: To prevent the slow-release fertilizer from caking during transportation and storage, an anti-caking agent adding device is provided in this device. The rotating drum in the anti-caking section rotates at a high speed, enabling the anti-caking agent to fully adhere to the surface of the fertilizer particles, avoiding agglomeration, and improving storage stability.

[0036] Slow-release fertilizer outlet: The slow-release fertilizer after all treatment processes is finally transported to the storage equipment or directly enters the packaging process through the outlet.

[0037] The rotating drums in each functional area are set at different speeds according to the process requirements to optimize the fertilizer processing effect. By setting different rotating drum speeds in different functional areas, this device can more precisely control the processing process of the slow-release fertilizer, improve the coating uniformity and slow-release effect, reduce the caking problem during the production process, and enhance the product quality.

[0038] As Figures 1 - 5 shown, a multi-axis linkage film-forming drum for controlled-release fertilizer includes a material cylinder 1. The material cylinder 1 is slightly inclined. The side of the material cylinder 1 that is slightly higher is the fertilizer input port, and the side that is slightly lower is the slow-release fertilizer outlet. The material cylinder adopts a split structure. From the fertilizer input port to the slow-release fertilizer outlet, the material cylinder 1 is successively a preheating section 11, a coating section 12, a film-forming section 13, and an anti-caking section 14;

[0039] As Figure 2 shown, in some embodiments, in order to avoid gaps between multiple material cylinder sections and to ensure the stability of each material cylinder section, a connecting boss 15 and a connecting groove 16 are respectively provided between two adjacent material cylinder sections. The connection of the preheating section 11, the coating section 12, the film-forming section 13, and the anti-caking section 14 is completed through the mutual cooperation of the connecting boss 15 and the connecting groove 16.

[0040] As Figures 1 - 3As shown, the barrel 1 is fixedly supported and driven by three support power modules 2. The barrel 1 is provided with two support power modules 2 for support and limit. The support power module 2 directly above is used to ensure stability and apply pressure. Two barrel outer rings 6 are provided on each of the preheating section 11, the film coating section 12, the film forming section 13, and the anti-caking section 14. Each support power module 2 is provided with a support ring 23 that cooperates with the barrel outer ring 6 in each barrel section. A limit ring groove 24 is provided on the support ring 23, and the barrel outer ring 6 is arranged in the limit ring groove 24. The preheating section 11, the film coating section 12, the film forming section 13, and the anti-caking section 14 are driven by a power device. Through such a design, this device uses a multi-axis linkage film forming drum for controlled-release fertilizers and adopts a segmented processing method to enable the slow-release fertilizer to obtain the best treatment effect at different stages. Through the refined design of this device, the product quality of the slow-release fertilizer can be significantly improved, the fertilizer nutrient release efficiency can be optimized, the inconvenience in application caused by fertilizer caking can be reduced, and the agricultural production efficiency can be improved.

[0041] Further, the driving device is driven by a motor in cooperation with gears or belts.

[0042] In this slow-release fertilizer production device, the barrels in different functional sections adopt differential control to optimize the processes of preheating, film coating, film forming, and anti-caking. Preheating section: Film coating section: Film forming section: The rotation speed ratio for stable film formation is 1:4:3:2.

[0043] In some disclosures, one of the three support power modules 2 is connected with rotational power. The support power module 2 includes a first transmission shaft 211, a second transmission shaft 212, a third transmission shaft 213, and a fourth transmission shaft 214. Both ends of each transmission shaft are installed and fixed through a transmission shaft mounting seat 22. A differential coupler 25 is provided between two adjacent transmission shafts. The differential coupler 25 is used to adjust the rotation speed ratio between adjacent transmission shafts, and the differential coupler 25 can be a speed reducer. The barrel 12 is rotated by the rotational friction force between the support ring 23 and the barrel outer ring 6. Through the differential coupler 25 and the independently driven transmission system, differential control of different processing sections is achieved, simplifying the power and control difficulty, and optimizing the processing process of the slow-release fertilizer. This design not only improves the film coating uniformity and the film forming stability but also effectively reduces the caking problem, thus significantly improving the product quality and production efficiency of the slow-release fertilizer.

[0044] In some embodiments, the differential coupler 25 has a planetary gear system structure, mainly composed of a sun gear 251, planetary gears 254, an external gear ring 252, and a planetary gear carrier 253. The sun gear 251 is connected to the output / input shaft and meshes with a plurality of planetary gears 254. The planetary gears 254 revolve around the sun gear 251 and simultaneously mesh with the fixed external gear ring 252. The planetary gears are installed on the planetary gear carrier 253, driving the planetary gear carrier 253 to rotate. The planetary gear carrier 253 is connected to the input / output shaft; this planetary gear differential enables the barrels of each functional section to rotate at different speeds through precise speed ratio control, thereby optimizing the uniformity of the slow-release fertilizer coating, reducing torque fluctuations, and improving the stability and production efficiency of the equipment operation.

[0045] In some disclosed embodiments, a plurality of circumferentially distributed material lifting plates 4 are provided inside the barrel 1. The material lifting plates 4 are used to stir the granular material when rotating to make it thrown up, so that better preheating and film-forming effects can be obtained.

[0046] A functional pipe 3 is provided above the interior of the barrel 1. The functional pipe 3 includes a coating agent pipe, an anti-caking agent pipe, and a blowing pipeline; a coating agent nozzle is provided on the functional pipe 3, and the coating agent nozzle is located in the coating section. An anti-caking agent nozzle is provided on the functional pipe, and the anti-caking agent nozzle is located in the coating section;

[0047] A plurality of hot air outlets are provided at the front end of the functional pipe 3; the operation of the above device is as follows,

[0048] The fertilizer enters the higher side of the barrel 1 through a conveying device. It can be a screw conveyor, a vibrating conveyor, or a conveyor belt.

[0049] The barrel 1 is designed to be slightly inclined, enabling the fertilizer to flow freely, reducing resistance, and ensuring continuous and uniform conveyance to downstream areas. After the fertilizer enters the preheating section, it is heated using hot air. The hot air is supplied through a hot air pipeline located above the barrel 1. The temperature of the hot air is usually set at 70 - 90 °C to adapt to the temperature range required for fertilizer coating. The hot air pipeline is connected to the functional pipe 3, and the multiple hot air outlets of the functional pipe 3 are evenly distributed inside the barrel 1. The hot air outlets are designed with adjustable air volume to ensure that the hot air can cover the surface of the fertilizer and promote uniform heating of the fertilizer.

[0050] In the coating section, the coating agent is sprayed on the surface of the fertilizer through the coating agent nozzle. The coating agent nozzle is installed at the coating section position of the functional pipe 3. The coating agent nozzle adopts an atomizing nozzle design to ensure that the coating agent evenly covers the surface of the fertilizer, forming a thin film. The coating agent nozzle is fixed through an installation structure with an adjustable angle, and the spraying direction and spraying angle can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs, thereby enhancing the uniformity and coverage rate of the coating effect, adapting to the spraying requirements under different fertilizer particle sizes and rolling states, and further improving the coating quality and production efficiency.

[0051] Furthermore, the coating agent is usually selected from polyurethane polymer materials.

[0052] In the film-forming section, the fertilizer continues to be heated by hot air. The coating agent forms a more stable film through the action of hot air flow and the rotating lifting plate 4. The temperature in this area is controlled between 60 - 70 °C to ensure that the coating agent can effectively form a film and adhere to the fertilizer particles.

[0053] To prevent the slow-release fertilizer from caking during transportation and storage, the fertilizer is sprayed with an anti-caking agent through an anti-caking agent nozzle in the anti-caking section.

[0054] Types of anti-caking agents: Commonly used anti-caking agents include silicate-based, polymer-based, etc., which have the characteristics of moisture-proof and anti-caking. After all the treatment processes are completed, the slow-release fertilizer is transported to storage equipment or directly packaged through the low-end outlet of the hopper 1.

[0055] Furthermore, the multiple circumferentially distributed lifting plates 4 continuously stir the fertilizer particles during rotation, causing the fertilizer to tumble in the air, further improving the contact effect between the hot air and the fertilizer, and enhancing the heating uniformity and coating uniformity.

[0056] In some embodiments, the main body of the lifting plate 4 is a variable spiral plate 41. The helix heights of the variable spiral plate 41 in the preheating section helix 401, coating section helix 402, film-forming section helix 403, and anti-caking section helix 404 are in the ratio of 5:3:4:2. Such a design is such that the greater the helix height, the higher the height the material is lifted and the lower the lifting frequency. In this way, the helix height can be higher in the preheating section with a low lifting frequency, enabling the fertilizer particles to fully contact the hot air, achieving uniform heating, and enhancing the preheating effect.

[0057] It can be understood that the preheating section, coating section, film-forming section, and the lifting plate 4 for stable film formation are separately provided. Further, as Figure 6 shown, the lifting plate 4 is a missing spiral section in the preheating section, coating section, film-forming section, and stable film formation. This can avoid the material moving too fast. At the same time, the lifting plates 4 in the preheating section, coating section, and film-forming section are arranged in a staggered manner, further controlling the forward speed of the material.

[0058] Preferably, the lifting plate is a detachable structure, facilitating replacement and maintenance according to different coating processes or material characteristics. The lifting plate can be designed in different geometric shapes such as ruler-shaped, arc-shaped, broken-line-shaped, etc. to adapt to different throwing trajectories and lifting height requirements.

[0059] Furthermore, the material lifting plate mounting seat is provided with an adjustable mechanism to adjust the installation angle and direction of the material lifting plate, enabling it to flexibly adapt to coating schemes with different particle sizes, densities, and spraying methods, which helps to enhance the three-dimensional tumbling effect of the material in the cylinder, thereby further optimizing the coating quality and improving the process adaptability.

[0060] In the coating section, the medium helix height increases the material lifting frequency to ensure sufficient contact between the fertilizer particles and the coating agent, forming a uniform film layer.

[0061] In the film-forming section, the lower material lifting frequency and moderate lifting height help to heat and stabilize the coating layer, enhancing the firmness of the film layer.

[0062] In the anti-caking section, the low helix height increases the material lifting frequency to prevent fertilizer caking, ensure uniform distribution of the anti-caking agent, and keep the particles loose.

[0063] Furthermore, an inclined material storage baffle 42 is provided at the front end of the variable spiral plate 41. Through the inclined design, the spiral plate 41 can lift more materials.

[0064] In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0065] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made according to the content of this specification. These embodiments are selected and specifically described in this specification to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and utilize the present invention well. The present invention is only limited by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-axis linkage film-forming drum for controlled-release fertilizer, characterized in that, Including: A barrel, the barrel is slightly inclined, one side of the barrel is a fertilizer input port, and the other side is a slow-release fertilizer outlet. The barrel adopts a split structure. The barrel is successively a preheating section, a coating section, a film-forming section, and an anti-caking section from the fertilizer input port to the slow-release fertilizer outlet; Preheating section: Coating section: Film-forming section: The rotation speed ratio for stable film formation is 1:4:3:2; Lifting plates, the lifting plates are independently arranged in the preheating section, coating section, film-forming section, and anti-caking section of the barrel and are circumferentially distributed; Function pipes, the function pipes are arranged above the barrel and include a coating agent pipe, an anti-caking agent pipe, and a hot air duct. The coating agent pipe is connected to a coating agent nozzle, and the anti-caking agent pipe is connected to an anti-caking agent nozzle.

2. The multi-axis linkage film-forming drum for controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein There are respectively a connecting boss and a connecting groove between adjacent barrel sections, and they are connected by mutual cooperation of the connecting boss and the connecting groove.

3. The multi-axis linkage film-forming drum for controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The barrel is fixedly supported and driven by three support power modules. The barrel is provided with two support power modules for support and limit, and the support power module directly above is used to ensure stability; there are two outer barrel rings on each of the preheating section, coating section, film-forming section, and anti-caking section. Each support power module is provided with a support ring that cooperates with the outer barrel ring on each barrel section. The support ring is provided with a limit ring groove, and the outer barrel ring is arranged in the limit ring groove.

4. The multi-axis linkage film-forming drum for controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support power module includes a first transmission shaft, a second transmission shaft, a third transmission shaft, and a fourth transmission shaft. Both ends of each transmission shaft are installed and fixed through a transmission shaft mounting seat. A differential coupler is provided between two adjacent transmission shafts, and the differential coupler is used to adjust the rotation speed ratio between adjacent transmission shafts.

5. The multi-axis linkage film-forming drum for controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that The differential coupler is composed of a sun gear, a planetary gear, an outer gear ring, and a planetary gear carrier. The sun gear is connected to the output / input shaft and meshes with a plurality of planetary gears. The planetary gears revolve around the sun gear and simultaneously mesh with the fixed outer gear ring. The planetary gears are installed on the planetary gear carrier and drive the planetary gear carrier to rotate. The planetary gear carrier is connected to the input / output shaft.

6. The multi-axis linkage film-forming drum for controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The lifting plate is a variable spiral plate, and the helix height ratio of the variable spiral plate in the preheating section helix, coating section helix, film-forming section helix, and anti-caking section helix is 5:3:4:

2.

7. The multi-axis linkage film-forming drum for controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, An inclined storage baffle is provided at the front end of the variable spiral plate.

8. The multi-axis linkage film-forming drum for controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein, The coating agent is a polyurethane polymer material.

9. The multi-axis linkage film-forming drum for controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The anti-caking agent is a silicate-based or polymer-based anti-caking agent.

Images