Water conservancy and hydropower hub fishway exploration arrangement method

Abstract

The invention discloses a water conservancy and hydropower hub fishway exploration arrangement method, and relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering investigation. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, drawing a fishway plane arrangement contour line and a dam axis on a topographic map; step 2.1, defining a fishway investigation site range; step 2.2, performing fishway cloth spreading shape segmentation; 3, arranging an exploration longitudinal section line and exploration points thereof; step 4, arranging an exploration cross section line and an exploration point; step 5, arranging the depth of the exploration point, and completing fishway exploration arrangement. According to different fishway plane shapes, key factors such as rock and soil conditions, engineering geology problems and other hydraulic structures of the hub are comprehensively considered, and a water conservancy and hydropower hub fishway exploration arrangement scheme is formulated, so that the technical blank that no special technical standard can be depended on water conservancy and hydropower hub fishway engineering exploration arrangement at present is filled up.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower project exploration, and more specifically, it is a method for exploring and arranging fishways in water conservancy and hydropower hubs. Background Art

[0002] The fishway is an important part of the construction of water conservancy and hydropower project hubs. Conducting targeted engineering exploration work on it can provide technical support for fishway engineering design and ensure the safe operation of fishways.

[0003] The exploration layout is the basis of fishway engineering exploration work; in the current technical standard system, corresponding technical specifications or guidelines have been formulated for fishway engineering design, but there is no special standard for fishway engineering exploration work, and other available specifications do not clearly stipulate its exploration layout work, resulting in a lack of unified understanding among relevant professional units and technical personnel regarding the exploration layout work of water conservancy and hydropower fishway projects. In the practice of exploration work, it is easy to cause a large amount of waste due to excessive exploration, or serious deviations in exploration results due to insufficient exploration work, which may lead to engineering accidents or ecological losses.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a fishway engineering exploration and layout method with strong operability, good exploration effect, low cost, and short cycle as the basic guideline for fishway engineering exploration work to meet the current needs of fishway project construction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above background art and provide a method for exploring and arranging fishways in water conservancy and hydropower hubs.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is: a method for exploring and arranging fishways in water conservancy and hydropower hubs, characterized by including the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Draw the fishway plane layout contour line and the dam axis on the topographic map;

[0008] Step 2.1, define the fishway exploration site scope:

[0009] Draw the fishway exploration site scope line on the topographic map;

[0010] Step 2.2, conduct segmentation of the fishway layout shape:

[0011] According to the plane layout shape of the fishway, divide the fishway into linear fishway sections, strip-shaped fishway sections, and square fishway sections;

[0012] Step 3, arrange exploration longitudinal profile lines and their exploration points:

[0013] The exploration longitudinal profile lines are arranged along the axis of the fishway plane layout contour line;

[0014] For the linear fishway section, the spacing between exploration points is d = 50m - 100m; for the strip-shaped fishway section, the exploration points are arranged at two diagonal points and the midpoint of the diagonal on one diagonal of the strip-shaped fishway section; for the square fishway section, the exploration points are arranged at the four diagonal points of the square fishway section.

[0015] For the linear fishway section, if there is special soil or major engineering geological problems, the spacing between exploration points in this section takes the smaller value within the range of exploration point spacing; if there is general soil or no major engineering geological problems, the spacing between exploration points in this section takes the larger value within the range of exploration point spacing.

[0016] Special soils are expansive soil, soft soil, silty fine sand, saline soil, recently deposited loess, liquefied soil, and soils other than special soils are general soils; major engineering geological problems include foundation sliding stability, foundation settlement stability, slope stability, reservoir bank collapse, and sand liquefaction.

[0017] Step 4, arranging exploration cross-section lines and their exploration points:

[0018] The exploration cross-section lines are perpendicular to the exploration longitudinal section lines and are arranged at the exploration points on the exploration longitudinal section lines.

[0019] For the linear fishway section, the spacing between exploration cross-section lines is 2d - 4d; for the strip-shaped fishway section, the exploration cross-section line is located at the midpoint of the diagonal of the strip-shaped fishway section; for the square fishway section, the exploration cross-section lines are located on two sides of the square fishway section.

[0020] An exploration point is arranged at each intersection of the exploration cross-section line and the boundary line of the fishway exploration site.

[0021] Step 5, arranging the depth of exploration points to complete the fishway exploration layout.

[0022] In the above technical solution, in Step 1, the contour line of the fishway plane layout also includes the fish inlet, fish outlet, and trough body.

[0023] In the above technical solution, in Step 1, the accuracy of the topographic map is 1:500 or 1:1000.

[0024] In the above technical solution, in Step 2.1, the boundary line of the fishway exploration site is located at a range not less than 50m outside the contour line of the fishway plane layout; in the slope section, the boundary line of the fishway exploration site also includes the range that affects the slope stability.

[0025] In the above technical solution, in Step 2.2, the fishway with one-way distribution is the linear fishway section; the fishway with a strip-shaped back-and-forth detour range, side length ratio > 2 or < 0.5 is the strip-shaped fishway section; the fishway with a square or approximately square back-and-forth detour range, 0.5 ≤ side length ratio ≤ 2 is the square fishway section.

[0026] In the above technical solution, in step 3, exploration points are arranged at the intersections of the exploration longitudinal profile line and the exploration profile lines of other buildings of the pivot.

[0027] In the above technical solution, in step 4, exploration points are arranged at the intersections of the exploration transverse profile line and the exploration profile lines of other buildings of the pivot.

[0028] In the above technical solution, in step 5, the depth of the exploration points at the intersections of the exploration longitudinal profile line and the exploration transverse profile line is 15m - 20m, and the depth of other exploration points is 10m - 15m; in the slope section, the depth of the exploration points drills through the potentially unstable rock and soil mass to not less than 10m below the potential sliding surface.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0030] 1) According to the different planar shapes of the fishway and comprehensively considering key factors such as geotechnical conditions, engineering geological problems and other hydraulic buildings of the pivot, the present invention formulates an exploration layout plan for the fishway of a water conservancy and hydropower pivot, thus filling the technical gap that there is no special technical standard to rely on for the exploration layout of the current water conservancy and hydropower fishway projects.

[0031] 2) The present invention forms a set of relatively scientific exploration layout methods, making the exploration layout of the fishway project well-founded. While ensuring the quality of the exploration results of the fishway project, it shortens the exploration cycle, saves the exploration workload and costs.

[0032] 3) Aiming at the exploration layout of the fishway project in water conservancy and hydropower projects, the present invention provides a layout method that is highly instructive, reasonably arranged, economical and practical, and easy to implement, which solves to a certain extent the problem that there is no relevant basis to rely on for the exploration layout of the fishway project in water conservancy and hydropower projects; at the same time, it closely combines the fishway exploration with the exploration of the dam site and adjacent hydraulic buildings, and makes full use of the exploration and test data of the dam site and hydraulic buildings, improving the quality of the engineering geological exploration results of the fishway, providing a reliable basis for design optimization, and greatly shortening the exploration cycle, saving the exploration workload and costs; the present invention has high guiding and reference significance for the exploration layout in related fishway projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Among them, 1 - contour line of fishway planar layout, 2 - dam axis, 3 - fishway exploration site boundary line, 4 - exploration longitudinal profile line, 5 - exploration transverse profile line, 6 - topographic contour line, 7 - river water edge line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0036] The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, they do not constitute a limitation to the present invention and are only for illustration purposes. At the same time, the advantages of the present invention will become clearer and easier to understand through the description.

[0037] Referring to the accompanying drawings, it can be seen that a method for exploring and arranging a fishway for a water conservancy and hydropower project includes the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Draw the plane layout contour line 1 of the fishway and the dam axis 2 on the topographic map;

[0039] Step 2.1, define the scope of the fishway exploration site:

[0040] Draw the fishway exploration site boundary line 3 on the topographic map;

[0041] Step 2.2, conduct segmentation of the fishway layout shape:

[0042] According to the plane layout shape of the fishway, the fishway is divided into a linear fishway section, a strip-shaped fishway section, and a square fishway section;

[0043] Step 3, arrange exploration longitudinal profile lines and their exploration points:

[0044] The exploration longitudinal profile line 4 is arranged along the axis of the fishway plane layout contour line 1;

[0045] For the linear fishway section, the spacing d between exploration points is 50m - 100m; for the strip-shaped fishway section, the exploration points are arranged at two diagonal points and the midpoint of the diagonal of the strip-shaped fishway section; for the square fishway section, the exploration points are arranged at the four diagonal points of the square fishway section;

[0046] In Step 3, for the linear fishway section, if special soil is distributed or there are major engineering geological problems, the spacing between exploration points in this section takes the smaller value within the range of exploration point spacing; if general soil is distributed or there are no major engineering geological problems, the spacing between exploration points in this section takes the larger value within the range of exploration point spacing;

[0047] Special soil includes expansive soil, soft soil, silty fine sand, saline soil, recently deposited loess, and liquefied soil. Soil other than special soil is general soil; major engineering geological problems include foundation sliding stability, foundation settlement stability, slope stability, reservoir bank collapse, and sand liquefaction;

[0048] Special soil has unique engineering properties, and these properties generally have an adverse impact on the safety and stability of engineering construction, and more careful attention needs to be paid during exploration;

[0049] The foundation sliding stability means that the fishway is arranged on the accumulation body, and the accumulation body may slide along its contact zone with the underlying bedrock and gravel, which is unfavorable to the stability of the fishway; the foundation settlement stability means that the broken stone and soil structure is loose-medium dense, and the density difference is large. If the broken stone and soil are directly used as the foundation, the fishway will have uneven settlement or large settlement, and there is a problem of foundation settlement stability, which should be treated; the slope stability means that when the fishway is distributed on the mountain slope, the original slope topographic and geological conditions are changed due to the foundation pit excavation, which may cause slope stability problems; the sand liquefaction means that for the fishway foundation located on the terrace, fine sand is distributed on the surface of some sections, and it is initially judged as potentially liquefiable soil, and there is a problem of sand liquefaction, which should be treated; the above sections belong to the sections that need to be key investigated. Increasing the exploration points helps to more accurately identify the distribution range and properties of these special soil sections, and provides a reliable foundation support for engineering design and geological defect treatment.

[0050] In summary, in the area with special soil distribution or the section with major engineering geological problems, increasing the exploration points can ensure the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the exploration data, so as to more accurately evaluate the bearing capacity and stability of the foundation, as well as the slope stability, etc., provide a reliable basis for engineering design and construction, and ensure the safety of fishway construction and operation.

[0051] Step 4, arrange the exploration cross-section lines and their exploration points:

[0052] The exploration cross-section line 5 is perpendicular to the exploration longitudinal section line 4 and is arranged at the exploration points on the exploration longitudinal section line 4;

[0053] For the linear fishway section, the spacing of the exploration cross-section lines 5 is 2d - 4d; for the strip-shaped fishway section, the exploration cross-section line 5 is located at the midpoint of the diagonal of the strip-shaped fishway section; for the square fishway section, the exploration cross-section line 5 is located on the two sides of the square fishway section;

[0054] An exploration point is arranged at the intersection of the exploration cross-section line 5 and the fishway exploration site boundary line 3;

[0055] Step 5, arrange the depth of the exploration points to complete the fishway exploration layout.

[0056] In Step 1, the fishway plane layout contour line 1 also includes the fish inlet, fish outlet, and trough body.

[0057] In Step 1, the topographic map accuracy is 1:500 or 1:1000.

[0058] In Step 2.1, the fishway exploration site boundary line 3 is located outside the fishway plane layout contour line 1 by no less than 50 m; in the slope section, the fishway exploration site boundary line 3 also includes the range that affects the slope stability.

[0059] In Step 2.2, the unidirectional fishway is a linear fishway section; the fishway with a bar-shaped back-and-forth detour range and a side length ratio > 2 or < 0.5 is a bar-shaped fishway section; the fishway with a square or approximately square back-and-forth detour range and 0.5 ≤ side length ratio ≤ 2 is a square fishway section.

[0060] In Step 3, exploration points are arranged at the intersections of the exploration longitudinal profile line 4 and the exploration profile lines of other hub buildings.

[0061] In Step 4, exploration points are arranged at the intersections of the exploration transverse profile line 5 and the exploration profile lines of other hub buildings.

[0062] In Step 5, the depth of the exploration points at the intersection of the exploration longitudinal profile line 4 and the exploration transverse profile line 5 is 15m - 20m, and the depth of other exploration points is 10m - 15m; in the slope section, the depth of the exploration points drills through the potentially unstable rock and soil mass to not less than 10m below the potential sliding surface.

[0063] Embodiment 1

[0064] This embodiment will be specifically described in detail with examples:

[0065] A method for exploration layout of a fishway in a water conservancy and hydropower project includes the following steps:

[0066] Step 1, draw the fishway plane layout contour line 1 and the dam axis 2 on the topographic map;

[0067] The accuracy of the topographic map is 1:500 or 1:1000. A small scale can be selected in the plain area, and a large scale can be selected in the mountainous and hilly areas. In this embodiment, it is a highland mountain area, and the accuracy of the topographic map is 1:500;

[0068] The fishway plane layout contour line 1 includes the fishway axis, fish inlet, fish outlet, and trough body;

[0069] The fishway plane layout contour line 1 and the dam axis 2 are provided by the design specialty;

[0070] The purpose of drawing the dam axis 2 on the map is to comprehensively consider the fishway and the hub buildings together during the exploration layout to save the exploration workload.

[0071] Step 2.1, define the scope of the fishway exploration site:

[0072] Draw the fishway exploration site scope line 3 on the topographic map;

[0073] The fishway exploration site scope line 3 is located at a range not less than 50m outside the fishway plane layout contour line 1; in the slope section, the fishway exploration site scope line 3 also includes the range that has an impact on the slope stability.

[0074] Step 2.2, conduct segmentation of the fishway spread shape:

[0075] According to the planar distribution shape of the fishway, the fishway is divided into a linear fishway section, a strip-shaped fishway section, and a square fishway section;

[0076] The fishway with a one-way distribution is the linear fishway section; the fishway with a strip-shaped back-and-forth detour range and a side length ratio > 2 or < 0.5 is the strip-shaped fishway section; the fishway with a square or approximately square back-and-forth detour range and 0.5 ≤ side length ratio ≤ 2 is the square fishway section;

[0077] According to the above segmentation principle, Figure 2 In [reference], the a1-a4 section is approximately square in distribution and is the square fishway section, the a4-a6 section is one-way in distribution and is the linear fishway section, and the a6-a7 section is long strip-shaped in distribution and is the strip-shaped fishway section;

[0078] The purpose of the above segmentation is to more specifically conduct fishway exploration and layout.

[0079] Step 3, arranging exploration longitudinal profile lines and their exploration points:

[0080] The exploration longitudinal profile line 4 is arranged along the axis of the contour line 1 of the fishway plane layout;

[0081] For the linear fishway section, the distance between exploration points d = 50m - 100m; for the strip-shaped fishway section, the exploration points are arranged at two diagonal points and the midpoint of the diagonal on one diagonal of the strip-shaped fishway section; for the square fishway section, the exploration points are arranged at the four diagonal points of the square fishway section;

[0082] For the linear fishway section, if there is special soil distributed or there are major engineering geological problems, the distance between exploration points in this section takes the smaller value within the range of the distance between exploration points; if there is general soil distributed or there are no major engineering geological problems, the distance between exploration points in this section takes the larger value within the range of the distance between exploration points;

[0083] Special soil includes expansive soil, soft soil, silty fine sand, and saline soil, and soil other than special soil is general soil; major engineering geological problems include foundation stability, slope stability, reservoir bank collapse, and sand liquefaction.

[0084] Exploration points are arranged at the intersection points of the exploration longitudinal profile line 4 and the exploration profile lines of other buildings in the pivot.

[0085] According to the above arrangement principle, as Figure 2 shown, arrange an exploration longitudinal profile line 4: I-I' along the axis of the fishway.

[0086] According to the fishway segmentation in Step 2.2, the a1-a4 section is the square fishway section, and the exploration points are arranged at the 4 diagonal points a1, a2, a3, a4 of the square fishway, and the corresponding borehole numbers are ZK01-ZK04.

[0087] According to the fishway segmentation in Step 2.2, the section from a4 to a6 is a linear fishway section. The spacing of exploration points is d = 50m - 100m, and boreholes ZK04 - ZK09 are arranged. Among them, there are liquefiable sandy soils, foundation and slope stability problems in the section from ZK04 to ZK06, and the smaller value of 50m is taken for the spacing; the section from ZK06 to ZK09 is a bedrock section with good slope stability, and the larger value of 60 - 70m is taken for the spacing.

[0088] According to the fishway segmentation in Step 2.2, the section from a6 to a7 is a strip-shaped fishway section. The exploration points are arranged at two diagonal points and the midpoint of the diagonal of the strip-shaped fishway, and boreholes ZK09 - ZK11 are arranged.

[0089] In this example, there is liquefied soil. Liquefied soil is prone to liquefaction under dynamic actions such as earthquakes in the saturated state, losing its shear strength and bearing capacity. Therefore, in the area where liquefied soil is distributed, it is necessary to densify the exploration points in order to timely discover and evaluate the scope and degree of liquefied soil, providing a reliable basis for engineering design and construction.

[0090] Step 4, arranging exploration cross-section lines and their exploration points:

[0091] The exploration cross-section line 5 is perpendicular to the exploration longitudinal section line 4 and is arranged at the exploration points on the exploration longitudinal section line 4;

[0092] For the linear fishway section, the spacing of the exploration cross-section line 5 is 2d - 4d. If there are special soils distributed or there are major engineering geological problems, the smaller value is taken for the spacing of the exploration cross-section in this section; if there are general soils distributed or there are no major engineering geological problems, the larger value is taken for the spacing of the exploration cross-section in this section;

[0093] For the strip-shaped fishway section, the exploration cross-section line 5 is located at the midpoint of the diagonal of the strip-shaped fishway section; for the square fishway section, the exploration cross-section line 5 is located on two sides of the square fishway section;

[0094] According to the above principles, as shown in the appendix Figure 2 Five exploration cross-section lines 5 are arranged: A - A' to E - E'; for the square fishway section a1 - a4, the exploration cross-section line 5 is located on two sides of the square fishway section, and exploration cross-section lines 5: A - A' and B - B' are arranged; for the linear fishway section a4 - a6, the spacing of the exploration cross-section line 5 is taken as 2d, and exploration cross-section line 5: C - C' is arranged. At the same time, the exploration cross-section line 5: D - D' is arranged by using the dam axis 2, and the exploration cross-section lines B - B' and E - E' on both sides of the square fishway section and the strip-shaped fishway section are also taken into account.

[0095] According to the principle that the number of exploration points on each exploration cross-section line is 3 - 4, and a borehole is arranged at each intersection of the exploration cross-section line and the fishway exploration site boundary line 3, as shown in the appendix Figure 2As shown in the figure, 10 boreholes are arranged, numbered ZK12-ZK21.

[0096] Step 5, arrange the depth of exploration points to complete the exploration layout of the fishway:

[0097] The design depth of the exploration points is determined comprehensively according to the following principles:

[0098] The depth of the exploration point at the intersection of exploration longitudinal profile line 4 and exploration transverse profile line 5 is 15m - 20m, and the depth of other exploration points is 10m - 15m. For special land sections, it is appropriately deepened; in slope sections, the depth of the exploration points drills through the potentially unstable rock and soil mass to no less than 10m below the potential slip surface (weak interlayer, rock and soil contact surface); for the exploration points shared with the hub buildings, the depth also needs to consider the requirements of the building.

[0099] Other parts not described belong to the prior art.

Claims

1. A method for exploring and arranging a fishway of a water conservancy and hydropower project, characterized in that It includes the following steps: Step 1: Draw the fishway plane layout contour line (1) and the dam axis (2) on the topographic map; Step 2.1, Define the fishway exploration site scope: Draw the fishway exploration site scope line (3) on the topographic map; Step 2.2, Segment the fishway layout shape: According to the plane layout shape of the fishway, divide the fishway into linear fishway segments, strip fishway segments, and square fishway segments; Step 3, Arrange the exploration longitudinal profile line and its exploration points: The exploration longitudinal profile line (4) is arranged along the axis of the fishway plane layout contour line (1); For the linear fishway segment, the spacing d of the exploration points is 50m - 100m; for the strip fishway segment, the exploration points are arranged at two diagonal points and the midpoint of the diagonal of the strip fishway segment; for the square fishway segment, the exploration points are arranged at the four diagonal points of the square fishway segment; For the linear fishway segment, if there is special soil or major engineering geological problems, the spacing of the exploration points in this segment takes the smaller value within the exploration point spacing range, and if there is general soil or no major engineering geological problems, the spacing of the exploration points in this segment takes the larger value within the exploration point spacing range; Special soil includes expansive soil, soft soil, silty fine sand, saline soil, newly deposited loess, liquefied soil, and soil other than special soil is general soil; major engineering geological problems include foundation sliding stability, foundation settlement stability, slope stability, reservoir bank collapse, and sand liquefaction; Step 4, Arrange the exploration transverse profile line and its exploration points: The exploration transverse profile line (5) is perpendicular to the exploration longitudinal profile line (4) and is arranged at the exploration points on the exploration longitudinal profile line (4); For the linear fishway segment, the spacing of the exploration transverse profile lines (5) is 2d - 4d; for the strip fishway segment, the exploration transverse profile line (5) is located at the midpoint of the diagonal of the strip fishway segment; for the square fishway segment, the exploration transverse profile line (5) is located at two sides of the square fishway segment; An exploration point is arranged at the intersection of the exploration transverse profile line (5) and the fishway exploration site scope line (3); Step 5, Arrange the depth of the exploration points to complete the fishway exploration layout.

2. The fishway exploration and layout method for a water conservancy and hydropower project according to claim 1, wherein In Step 1, the fishway plane layout contour line (1) also includes the fish inlet, fish outlet, and trough body.

3. The method for exploring and arranging a fishway of a water conservancy and hydropower project according to claim 1, wherein In Step 1, the accuracy of the topographic map is 1:500 or 1:1000.

4. A method for exploring and arranging a fishway of a water conservancy and hydropower project according to claim 2, characterized in that In Step 2.1, the fishway exploration site scope line (3) is located not less than 50m outside the fishway plane layout contour line (1); in the slope section, the fishway exploration site scope line (3) also includes the range that affects the slope stability.

5. A method for exploring and arranging fishways in a water conservancy and hydropower project, as claimed in claim 4, wherein In Step 2.2, the fishway with one-way layout is the linear fishway segment; the fishway with a strip-shaped back-and-forth detour range, side length ratio > 2 or < 0.5 is the strip fishway segment; the fishway with a square or approximately square back-and-forth detour range, 0.5 ≤ side length ratio ≤ 2 is the square fishway segment.

6. A method for exploring and arranging a fishway in a water conservancy and hydropower project, according to claim 5, characterized in that, In Step 3, exploration points are arranged at the intersections of the exploration longitudinal profile line (4) and the exploration profile lines of other hub buildings.

7. A method for exploring and arranging a fishway of a water conservancy and hydropower project according to claim 6, characterized in that, In Step 4, exploration points are arranged at the intersections of the exploration transverse profile line (5) and the exploration profile lines of other hub buildings.

8. A method for exploring and arranging a fishway of a water conservancy and hydropower project according to claim 7, characterized in that, In Step 5, the depth of the exploration points at the intersection of the exploration longitudinal profile line (4) and the exploration transverse profile line (5) is 15 m - 20 m, and the depth of other exploration points is 10 m - 15 m; in the slope section, the depth of the exploration points drills through the potentially unstable rock and soil mass to not less than 10 m below the potential slip surface.

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