Excavator and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of excavating equipment, in particular to an excavator and a working method thereof. Comprising an excavator frame, a connecting cylinder arranged on one transverse side of the excavator frame, an excavating frame arranged on one side of the connecting cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, a chain arranged on the excavator frame, a plurality of excavating blades arranged on the chain, an excavating spiral blade arranged at the bottom of the excavator frame and a transmission driving mechanism used for driving the chain and the excavating spiral blade to rotate. Wherein the excavator driving device drives the chain and the gears to rotate, the digging spiral blades on the chain dig out ditches on the land, the digging spiral blades convey the soil which is loosened due to contact with the digging blades to the two sides, and wide drainage ditches are formed in the two sides of the digging spiral blades. Ditches can be conveniently dug on different terrains, and the problem that an existing large crawler excavator is inconvenient to dig small ditches is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of excavation equipment, and particularly to an excavator and its working method. Background Art

[0002] The growth of flue-cured tobacco has strict requirements for the air permeability of the soil, and drainage excavation work is crucial. Especially in rainy areas and low-lying areas, existing crawler excavators are large in size. In mountainous and hilly areas, the per capita cultivated land is small, scattered and fragmented, and large crawler excavators are not applicable and not convenient for small ditch excavation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention provides an excavator and its working method, which solve the above technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: An excavator, comprising an excavator frame, wheels provided on both sides of the excavator frame, an excavator handrail bar provided on one side of the excavator frame, an excavator driving device for driving the wheels to rotate, an excavator cross plate rotatably provided in the middle of the excavator frame, a first excavator side plate hinged to the right side of the excavator cross plate, a first motor provided on the side of the first excavator side plate away from the excavator cross plate, an excavator screw bit provided at the bottom of the first motor, a first driving cylinder provided on the excavator frame and used for driving the first excavator side plate to move longitudinally, a second excavator side plate hinged to one end of the excavator cross plate away from the first excavator side plate, a limiting convex plate provided at the bottom of the excavator cross plate and in contact with the second excavator side plate, a first clamping mechanism provided on the second excavator side plate, a collecting mechanism provided on the top of the excavator frame for collecting tobacco plug seedlings, a transfer mechanism for transferring the tobacco plug seedlings in the collecting mechanism into the first clamping mechanism, a connecting cylinder rotatably provided on the transverse side of the excavator frame, an excavation frame provided on the side of the connecting cylinder away from the excavator frame, a hydraulic cylinder provided between the excavator frame and the excavation frame, a chain provided on the excavator frame, a plurality of excavation blades provided on the chain, an excavation screw blade provided at the bottom of the excavator frame, and a transmission driving mechanism for driving the chain and the excavation screw blade to rotate. The middle position of the excavator cross plate is rotatably connected to the excavator frame, and the outer diameter of the excavation screw blade gradually decreases from the middle to the transverse two sides.

[0005] Further, the collecting mechanism includes side support plates provided on the front and rear sides of the excavator frame, guide plates provided at intervals below the side support plates, a first moving plate slidably provided on the guide plates, a driving mechanism for driving the first moving plate to reciprocate left and right, a pushing block rotatably provided on the first moving plate, and a second driving cylinder provided on the right side of the side support plates. A collecting basket is provided on the side support plates.

[0006] Further, the collection basket includes a basket body, a horizontal support bar provided at the bottom of the basket body into which the pusher block can be inserted, a peripheral edge provided at the top of the basket body, and an opening provided on one side of the peripheral edge. A vertical plate is fixedly provided at the top of the side support plate, and a slot for docking with the vertical plate is provided at the bottom of the peripheral edge.

[0007] Further, the driving mechanism includes a first driving rod rotatably provided at the bottom of the first moving plate, a second driving rod rotatably provided on the excavator frame and rotatably connected to the first driving rod, and a second motor for driving the second driving rod to rotate.

[0008] Further, a first ground drilling blade is provided at the spiral edge of the bottom of the excavator spiral drill bit. A bottom shaft extends from the bottom end of the excavator spiral drill bit, and a second ground drilling blade is detachably connected to the outside of the bottom shaft. The first ground drilling blade is inclined and distributed along the curvature of the edge of the excavator spiral drill bit, and the second ground drilling blade is perpendicular to the ground.

[0009] Further, the bottom of the first ground drilling blade is conical in shape.

[0010] Based on the same inventive concept, a digging working method is also proposed, which applies the above excavator and includes the following steps: In the first step, start the excavator driving device to drive the runner to rotate, and push the excavator to the site by controlling the direction through the excavator handrail. In the second step, the hydraulic cylinder drives the digging frame to rotate along the connecting cylinder. The chain at the bottom of the digging frame will be parallel to the ground to be dug. The excavator driving device drives the transmission shaft in the driving mechanism to rotate, the transmission shaft drives the first transmission gear to rotate, and drives the first transmission gear, the second transmission gear and the third transmission gear to rotate synchronously through the chain. The digging spiral blades on the chain will dig out ditches on the land. In the third step, under the action of the second transmission gear at the same time, the digging blades contact the loose soil and move it to both sides for transportation. Since the outer diameter of the digging spiral blade gradually decreases from the middle to the transverse sides, a wide drainage ditch is formed.

[0011] By adopting the foregoing technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Through the settings of the digging blades and the digging spiral blades in this excavator, the excavator driving device drives the chain and each gear to rotate. The digging spiral blades on the chain dig out ditches on the land. The digging spiral blades transport the loose soil contacted by the digging blades to both sides, and wide drainage ditches will be formed on both sides of the digging spiral blades. This excavator is smaller in volume than the crawler excavator, is convenient for digging ditches on different terrains, and solves the problem that existing large crawler excavators are not convenient for digging small ditches. Description of the Drawings

[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic top view of the structure of this excavator.

[0013] Figure 2 It is a rear view schematic diagram of the partial structure of this excavator.

[0014] Figure 3 It is a top view schematic diagram of the partial structure of this excavator.

[0015] Figure 4 It is a left view schematic diagram of the working state structure of the collection mechanism of this excavator.

[0016] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the collection mechanism of this excavator.

[0017] Figure 6 It is a top view schematic diagram of the structure of the collection basket of this excavator.

[0018] Figure 7 It is a front view schematic diagram of the structure of the transfer mechanism of this excavator.

[0019] Figure 8 It is a bottom view schematic diagram of the structure of the transfer mechanism of this excavator.

[0020] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the transfer mechanism of this excavator.

[0021] Figure 10 It is a front view schematic diagram of the partial working state structure of the excavator cross plate of this excavator.

[0022] Figure 11 It is a top view schematic diagram of the partial working state structure of the excavator cross plate of this excavator.

[0023] Figure 12 It is a front view schematic diagram of the partial structure of the excavator spiral drill bit of this excavator.

[0024] Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram of the working state structure of the chain and the digging blade of this excavator.

[0025] Reference numerals in the figure: 1, runner; 2, excavator handrail rod; 3, excavator drive device; 4, excavator cross plate; 5, first excavator side plate; 6, first motor; 7, excavator spiral drill bit; 8, first drive cylinder; 9, second excavator side plate; 10, limit convex plate; 11, first clamping mechanism; 12, collection mechanism; 13, transfer mechanism; 14, collection basket; 15, connecting cylinder; 16, digging frame; 17, hydraulic cylinder; 18, chain; 19, digging blade; 20, digging spiral blade; 21, transmission shaft; 22, first transmission gear; 23, second transmission gear; 24, third transmission gear; 121. Side support plate; 122. Guide plate; 123. First moving plate; 124. Pushing block; 125. Second driving cylinder; 126. First driving rod; 127. Second driving rod; 128. Second motor 141. Basket body; 142. Horizontal support bar; 143. Peripheral edge; 144. Opening; 145. Vertical plate; 146. Slot 301. Connecting plate; 302. First gear; 303. Rotating block; 304. Third motor; 305. Second moving plate; 306. Third driving cylinder; 307. First rotating shaft; 308. Second rotating shaft; 309. Second gear; 310. Fixed plate; 311. Third gear; 312. Fourth gear; 313. Second clamping mechanism; 314. Convex key block 701. First earth - drilling blade; 702. Bottom shaft; 703. Second earth - drilling blade Specific implementation mode

[0026] The present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation modes.

[0027] Refer to Figures 1 to 13 , this embodiment provides an excavator, including an excavator frame, wheels 1 arranged on both sides of the excavator frame, an excavator handrail 2 arranged on one side of the excavator frame, an excavator driving device 3 for driving the rotation of the wheels 1, an excavator cross - plate 4 rotatably arranged in the middle of the excavator frame, a first excavator side plate 5 hinged to the right side of the excavator cross - plate 4, a first motor 6 arranged on the side of the first excavator side plate 5 away from the excavator cross - plate 4, an excavator spiral drill bit 7 arranged at the bottom of the first motor 6, a first driving cylinder 8 arranged on the excavator frame and used to drive the longitudinal movement of the first excavator side plate 5, a second excavator side plate 9 hinged to the end of the excavator cross - plate 4 away from the first excavator side plate 5, a limiting convex plate 10 arranged at the bottom of the excavator cross - plate 4 and in contact with the second excavator side plate 9, a first clamping mechanism 11 arranged on the second excavator side plate 9, a collecting mechanism 12 arranged at the top of the excavator frame for collecting tobacco pot seedlings, a transfer mechanism 13 for transferring the tobacco pot seedlings in the collecting mechanism 12 into the first clamping mechanism 11, a connecting cylinder 15 rotatably arranged on the transverse side of the excavator frame, an excavating frame 16 arranged on the side of the connecting cylinder 15 away from the excavator frame, a hydraulic cylinder 17 arranged between the excavator frame and the excavating frame 16, a chain 18 arranged on the excavating frame 16, a plurality of excavating blades 19 arranged on the chain 18, an excavating spiral blade 20 arranged at the bottom of the excavating frame 16, and a transmission driving mechanism for driving the rotation of the chain 18 and the excavating spiral blade 20. The middle position of the excavator cross - plate 4 is rotatably connected to the excavator frame, and the outer diameter of the excavating spiral blade 20 gradually decreases from the middle to the transverse two sides.

[0028] The transmission drive mechanism includes a transmission shaft 21 disposed within the connecting cylinder 15, a first transmission gear 22 disposed within the excavating frame 16 and connected to the transmission shaft 21, a second transmission gear 23 disposed at the bottom of the excavating frame 16 and connected to the middle of the excavating spiral blade 20, and a third transmission gear 24 disposed at the front end of the excavating frame 16. The excavator drive device 3 is connected to the transmission shaft 21, and the first transmission gear 22, the second transmission gear 23, and the third transmission gear 24 are connected to the chain 18.

[0029] When the excavator frame moves to the site where excavation is required, the hydraulic cylinder 17 drives the excavating frame 16 to rotate along the connecting cylinder 15. The chain 18 at the bottom of the excavating frame 16 will be parallel to the ground to be excavated. The excavator drive device 3 drives the transmission shaft 21 within the drive mechanism to rotate. The transmission shaft 21 drives the first transmission gear 22 to rotate. The first transmission gear 22, the second transmission gear 23, and the third transmission gear 24 are driven to rotate synchronously through the chain 18. The excavating blades 19 on the chain 18 dig a ditch in the land. Meanwhile, under the action of the second transmission gear 23, the excavating spiral blade 20 contacts the loose soil and moves it to both sides for conveying. Since the outer diameter of the excavating spiral blade 20 gradually decreases from the middle to the transverse sides, a wide drainage ditch can be formed. This excavator is smaller in volume than a crawler excavator and is convenient for digging ditches on different terrains, solving the problem that existing large crawler excavators are not convenient for digging small ditches.

[0030] Before use, first place the collection basket 14 containing tobacco plug seedlings on the collection mechanism 12. The plug is preferably a paper plug and can be directly planted. Then start the excavator drive device 3 to drive the runner 1 to rotate, and push the excavator to the site by controlling the direction through the excavator handrail 2. After completion, start the first drive cylinder 8 and the first motor 6 by operating the built-in button on the excavator handrail 2. The first drive cylinder 8 drives the first excavator side plate 5 to move downward, and the first motor 6 drives the excavator screw bit 7 at the bottom to rotate and drill into the ground to dig a pit. After completion, continue to push forward. When the first clamping mechanism 11 reaches the first pit-digging position, the first drive cylinder 8 drives the excavator screw bit 7 to move downward again to dig a pit. When the first excavator side plate 5 moves longitudinally, it drives the right side of the excavator cross plate 4 to move downward, and the second excavator side plate 9 on the left side of the excavator cross plate 4 rises. At the same time, the collection mechanism 12 transfers the tobacco plug seedlings on the collection basket 14 into the first clamping mechanism 11 on the second excavator side plate 9. The bottom on the right side of the second excavator side plate 9 contacts the limit convex plate 10 and will remain parallel to the excavator cross plate 4. After the first drive cylinder 8 finishes digging the pit, it drives the first excavator side plate 5 to move upward, and the second excavator side plate 9 on the left side of the excavator cross plate 4 will move downward. Since the second excavator side plate 9 is rotatably connected to the excavator cross plate 4, the second excavator side plate 9 will fit the ground after contacting the ground. The first clamping mechanism 11 on the second excavator side plate 9 will be placed above the first pit dug by the excavator screw bit 7. Then the first clamping mechanism 11 releases the clamped tobacco plug seedlings and places the tobacco plug seedlings in the first pit. This structure utilizes the gap where the excavator screw bit 7 on one side of the excavator cross plate 4 drills downward. The other side of the excavator cross plate 4 rises to dock with the tobacco plug seedlings. As the excavator screw bit 7 is pulled out of the drilled hole, the tobacco plug seedlings on the other side of the excavator cross plate 4 move downward and slowly drop into the previous pit hole, which can protect the plug seedlings and prevent the built-up soil blocks from spreading due to falling from a height and not providing support for the roots of the plug seedlings.

[0031] The collection mechanism 12 includes side support plates 121 provided on the front and rear sides of the excavator frame, guide plates 122 spaced below the side support plates 121, a first moving plate 123 slidably provided on the guide plates 122, a driving mechanism for driving the first moving plate 123 to reciprocate left and right, a pushing block 124 rotatably provided on the first moving plate 123, and a second drive cylinder 125 provided on the right side of the side support plate 121. The collection basket 14 is provided on the side support plate 121.

[0032] The pushing block 124 is in the shape of a right-angle block. When the driving mechanism drives the first movable plate 123 to move from left to right, the bottom of the pushing block 124 contacts the top surface of the first movable plate 123, and the top pushes the tobacco bowl seedlings in contact with the collecting basket 14 to the right. After completion, the driving mechanism drives the first movable plate 123 to move from right to left, and the top of the pushing block 124 is blocked by the tobacco bowl seedlings and will flip over to avoid it. After moving a tobacco bowl seedling interval, the pushing block 124 will be stuck in the interval gap between the tobacco bowl seedlings. The pushing block 124 will return to its original position under the influence of gravity. After the transfer mechanism 13 transfers the tobacco bowl seedlings on one side, the second driving rod 127 drives the tobacco bowl seedlings on the right to move to the left to the position clamped by the transfer mechanism 13, and the tobacco bowl seedlings can be output intermittently, which is conducive to the docking of the transfer mechanism 13.

[0033] The collecting basket 14 includes a basket body 141, a horizontal support bar 142 arranged at the bottom of the basket body 141 and into which the pushing block 124 can be inserted, an outer edge 143 arranged at the top of the basket body 141, and an opening 144 arranged on one side of the outer edge 143. A vertical plate 145 is fixedly provided on the top of the side support plate 121, and a slot 146 is provided at the bottom of the outer edge 143 to connect with the vertical plate 145.

[0034] The driving mechanism includes a first driving rod 126 rotatably disposed at the bottom of the first movable plate 123, a second driving rod 127 rotatably disposed on the excavator frame and rotatably connected to the first driving rod 126, and a second motor 128 for driving the second driving rod 127 to rotate. The second motor 128 drives the second driving rod 127 to rotate, and pulls the first movable plate 123 to reciprocate left and right through the second driving rod 127 and the first driving rod 126.

[0035] Place the collecting basket 14 containing tobacco seedlings on the side support plate 121, and connect the outer peripheral edge 143 of the collecting basket 14 with the vertical plate 145. The collecting basket 14 will be fixed on the top of the side support plate 121. Then, when the second motor 128 drives the first movable plate 123 to move, the top of the pushing block 124 will move in the horizontal support bar 142 to push the tobacco seedlings in the collecting basket 14. After the tobacco seedlings are pushed to the right side of the collecting basket 14, the transfer mechanism 13 can transfer the tobacco seedlings in the collecting basket 14 through the side opening 144. After the tobacco seedlings in the collecting basket 14 are empty, pull out the collecting basket 14 and insert a new one.

[0036] The transfer mechanism 13 includes a connecting plate 301 provided on the excavator frame, a first gear 302 fixed to one side of the connecting plate 301, a rotating block 303 rotatably provided at the rear end of the first gear 302, a third motor 304 for driving the rotating block 303 to rotate, a second moving plate 305 slidably provided on the rotating block 303, a third driving cylinder 306 provided between the rotating block 303 and the second moving plate 305, a first rotating shaft 307 rotatably provided on the rotating block 303, a second rotating shaft 308 rotatably provided on the second moving plate 305, a second gear 309 rotatably provided on the side of the second moving plate 305 away from the rotating block 303, a fixing plate 310 fixed to the second gear 309, a third gear 311 provided on the first rotating shaft 307 and meshing with the first gear 302, a fourth gear 312 provided on the second rotating shaft 308 and meshing with the second gear 309, and a second clamping mechanism 313 provided on the fixing plate 310. A plurality of convex key blocks 314 are fixedly provided on the outer side of the second rotating shaft 308, and the convex key blocks 314 on the outer side of the second rotating shaft 308 are in sliding fit with the first rotating shaft 307. The first clamping mechanism 11 and the second clamping mechanism 313 are existing mechanical claws, which are products that can be purchased on the market, and their structures are already known. Corresponding models can be selected according to production needs, and will not be elaborated here.

[0037] The third driving cylinder 306 drives the second moving plate 305 to move towards the collection basket 14. Then, the second moving plate 305 and the second clamping mechanism 313 will move towards the collection basket 14. After the second clamping mechanism 313 passes through the opening of the collection basket 14 to clamp the tobacco pot seedlings, the third driving cylinder 306 drives the second moving plate 305 to move towards the rotating block 303, and the second clamping mechanism 313 will move out of the collection basket 14. At the same time, the third motor 304 drives the rotating block 303 to rotate, and the rotating block 303 drives the first rotating shaft 307 at the front end to rotate accordingly. The third gear 311 on one side of the first rotating shaft 307 contacts and rotates with the first gear 302. The first rotating shaft 307 will drive the fourth gear 312 to rotate through the second rotating shaft 308, and the fourth gear 312 will synchronously drive the fixing plate 310 and the second clamping mechanism 313 on the second gear 309 to rotate. When the rotating block 303 rotates downward by 90 degrees, the fixing plate 310 and the second clamping mechanism 313 will be horizontal with the collection basket 14. The first clamping mechanism 11 on one side of the cross plate 4 of the excavator will dock with the tobacco pot seedlings on the second clamping mechanism 313, which is conducive to cooperating with the cross plate 4 of the excavator to transfer the tobacco pot seedlings. When transplanting the tobacco pot seedlings, the collection mechanism 12 conveys the tobacco pot seedlings to the right one by one, the transfer mechanism 13 takes out the tobacco pot seedlings one by one and transfers them downward to one side of the cross plate 4 of the excavator, and then transfers them into the pre-dug soil pits through the cross plate 4 of the excavator. There is no need for manual individual transplanting, and the transplanting distance is fixed, and the tobacco pot seedlings are well protected during the transplanting process.

[0038] The bottom spiral edge of the excavator spiral drill bit 7 is provided with a first ground drilling blade 701. The bottom end of the excavator spiral drill bit 7 extends to be provided with a bottom shaft 702. A second ground drilling blade 703 is detachably connected to the outside of the bottom shaft 702. The first ground drilling blade 701 is inclined and distributed along the curvature of the edge of the excavator spiral drill bit 7. The second ground drilling blade 703 is perpendicular to the ground. The bottom shape of the first ground drilling blade 701 is conical.

[0039] When the excavator spiral drill bit 7 drills into the ground, the second ground drilling blade 703 on the outside of the bottom shaft 702 at the bottom of the excavator spiral drill bit 7 contacts the ground and loosens the soil on the ground. As the excavator spiral drill bit 7 continues to move, the bottom of the excavator spiral drill bit 7 contacts the ground. The first ground drilling blade 701 has a certain inclination angle. The excavator spiral drill bit 7 first contacts the ground to loosen the ground, and then the excavator spiral drill bit 7 drills into the ground to drill holes in the land. Then the soil will be conveyed to the top through the excavator spiral drill bit 7. After completion, the excavator spiral drill bit 7 moves upward, and a soil pit will be drilled out on the ground. The first ground drilling blade 701 and the second ground drilling blade 703 will protect the excavator spiral drill bit 7. In areas with a lot of stones or hard soil, it can prevent the excavator spiral drill bit 7 from being damaged too quickly. And the shape of the first ground drilling blade 701 is conical, with strong force and slow wear. When the first ground drilling blade 701 needs to be replaced, the first ground drilling blade 701 can be hammered out from the excavator spiral drill bit 7 by cooperating a screwdriver and a hammer. It is also possible to thread-fit the first ground drilling blade 701 and the second ground drilling blade 703 with the excavator spiral drill bit 7. Replacing the first ground drilling blade 701 and the second ground drilling blade 703 is simpler and faster than replacing the excavator spiral drill bit 7.

[0040] Some existing equipment directly lifts the excavator spiral drill bits 7 and the first clamping mechanisms 11 on the left and right sides of the excavator cross plate 4 horizontally. However, this equipment requires a high rising distance for the excavator cross plate 4, and it is difficult for the first clamping mechanism 11 to be docked. When used for tilling the land, due to the ridges separating the edges of the cultivated land, it is easily affected by ridges and other obstacles when used in small cultivated lands or on uneven land.

[0041] Based on the same inventive concept, an excavation working method is also proposed, which is applied to the above-mentioned excavator and includes the following steps: In the first step, start the excavator drive device 3 to drive the runner 1 to rotate, and push the excavator to the site by controlling the direction through the excavator handrail 2; In the second step, the hydraulic cylinder 17 drives the digging frame 16 to rotate along the connecting tube 15, and the chain 18 at the bottom of the digging frame 16 will be parallel to the ground to be excavated. The excavator driving device 3 drives the transmission shaft 21 in the driving mechanism to rotate, and the transmission shaft 21 drives the first transmission tooth 22 to rotate. The first transmission tooth 22, the second transmission tooth 23 and the third transmission tooth 24 are driven to rotate synchronously through the chain 18, and the digging spiral blade 20 on the chain 18 digs a ditch on the ground; In the third step, under the action of the second transmission teeth 23, the excavating blade 19 contacts the loose soil and moves to both sides for transportation. Since the outer diameter of the excavating spiral blade 20 gradually decreases from the middle to the lateral sides, a wide drainage ditch is formed.

[0042] This excavation method is useful for digging trenches on different terrains.

[0043] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0044] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0045] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0046] In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0047] Although the present invention has been specifically shown and described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes in form and detail may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims, and all such changes are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An excavator, characterized in that, It includes an excavator frame, wheels (1) arranged on both sides of the excavator frame, an excavator handrail rod (2) arranged on one side of the excavator frame, an excavator driving device (3) for driving the rotation of the wheels (1), an excavator cross plate (4) rotatably arranged in the middle of the excavator frame, a first excavator side plate (5) hinged on the right side of the excavator cross plate (4), a first motor (6) arranged on the side of the first excavator side plate (5) away from the excavator cross plate (4), an excavator screw bit (7) arranged at the bottom of the first motor (6), a first driving cylinder (8) arranged on the excavator frame and used to drive the longitudinal movement of the first excavator side plate (5), a second excavator side plate (9) hinged at one end of the excavator cross plate (4) away from the first excavator side plate (5), a limiting convex plate (10) arranged at the bottom of the excavator cross plate (4) and in contact with the second excavator side plate (9), a first clamping mechanism (11) arranged on the second excavator side plate (9), a collection mechanism (12) arranged at the top of the excavator frame for collecting tobacco plug seedlings, a transfer mechanism (13) for transferring the tobacco plug seedlings in the collection mechanism (12) into the first clamping mechanism (11), a connecting cylinder (15) rotatably arranged on the lateral side of the excavator frame, an excavation frame (16) arranged on the side of the connecting cylinder (15) away from the excavator frame, a hydraulic cylinder (17) arranged between the excavator frame and the excavation frame (16), a chain (18) arranged on the excavation frame (16), a plurality of excavation blades (19) arranged on the chain (18), an excavation screw blade (20) arranged at the bottom of the excavation frame (16), and a transmission driving mechanism for driving the rotation of the chain (18) and the excavation screw blade (20). The middle position of the excavator cross plate (4) is rotatably connected to the excavator frame, and the outer diameter of the excavation screw blade (20) gradually decreases from the middle to both lateral sides.

2. The excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collection mechanism (12) includes side support plates (121) arranged on the front and rear sides of the excavator frame, guide plates (122) arranged at intervals below the side support plates (121), a first moving plate (123) slidably arranged on the guide plates (122), a driving mechanism for driving the left - right reciprocating movement of the first moving plate (123), a pushing block (124) rotatably arranged on the first moving plate (123), and a second driving cylinder (125) arranged on the right side of the side support plates (121). A collection basket (14) is arranged on the side support plates (121).

3. An excavator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The collection basket (14) includes a basket body (141), a horizontal support bar (142) arranged at the bottom of the basket body (141) into which the pushing block (124) can be inserted, a peripheral edge (143) arranged at the top of the basket body (141), and an opening (144) arranged on one side of the peripheral edge (143). A vertical plate (145) is fixedly arranged at the top of the side support plates (121), and a slot (146) for docking with the vertical plate (145) is arranged at the bottom of the peripheral edge (143).

4. An excavator according to claim 2, wherein: The driving mechanism includes a first driving rod (126) rotatably arranged at the bottom of the first moving plate (123), a second driving rod (127) rotatably arranged on the excavator frame and rotatably connected to the first driving rod (126), and a second motor (128) for driving the second driving rod (127) to rotate.

5. An excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: At the bottom spiral edge of the excavator screw bit (7), a first ground drilling blade (701) is provided. At the bottom end of the excavator screw bit (7), a bottom shaft (702) extends. A second ground drilling blade (703) is detachably connected to the outside of the bottom shaft (702).

6. An excavator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the first ground drilling blade (701) is conical in shape.

7. A mining working method, applied to an excavator as described in claim 1 above, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: In the first step, start the excavator driving device (3) to drive the runner (1) to rotate, and push the excavator to the site by controlling the direction through the excavator handrail (2); In the second step, the hydraulic cylinder (17) drives the excavating frame (16) to rotate along the connecting cylinder (15). The chain (18) at the bottom of the excavating frame (16) will be parallel to the ground to be excavated. The excavator driving device (3) drives the transmission shaft (21) in the driving mechanism to rotate. The transmission shaft (21) drives the first transmission gear (22) to rotate. The first transmission gear (22), the second transmission gear (23) and the third transmission gear (24) are driven to rotate synchronously through the chain (18). The excavating spiral blade (20) on the chain (18) will dig a ditch on the land; In the third step, under the action of the second transmission gear (23) at the same time, the excavating blade (19) contacts the loose soil and moves it to both sides for conveying. Since the outer diameter of the excavating spiral blade (20) gradually decreases from the middle to the transverse sides, a wide drainage ditch is formed.

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