A quick-assembly prestressed explosion-resistant structure for island and reef buildings

Abstract

The present invention proposes a quick-assembly prestressed explosion-proof structure for island and reef buildings. The explosion-proof structure is composed of a plurality of explosion-proof panels, mainly including: a bearing panel assembly; a bidirectional active prestressed system, which is arranged on the bearing panel assembly in a transverse and longitudinal direction and is anchored and fixed on the bearing panel on at least one side; a bidirectional passive prestressed system, which is arranged on the bearing panel assembly in a transverse and longitudinal direction and is anchored and fixed on the bearing panel on at least one side, and the bidirectional passive prestressed system and the bidirectional active prestressed system are arranged alternately; an anchor end spiral steel bar, which is sleeved on both ends of the bidirectional active prestressed system and the bidirectional passive prestressed system on the inner side of the bearing panel assembly; and concrete, which is poured into the explosion-proof panel frame formed by the bearing panel assembly. The present invention aims to solve the problems of insufficient stability of prestressed tendons and concrete damage in the fixed end anchor area in the existing prestressed technology for explosion-proof structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building structures, in particular to the field of engineering structure protection, and in particular to a quick-assembly prestressed explosion-resistant structure for island and reef buildings. Background Art

[0002] Explosion-proof structures are widely used in the field of deep-sea island and reef shelter engineering protection, and they can protect important buildings.

[0003] Prefabricated prestressed explosion-resistant structures apply prestressing technology to their design and construction. This involves embedding a prestressing system within a steel cage, pouring and curing concrete in a factory environment, and then, once the concrete strength reaches the design value, sequentially tensioning and locking the prestressing tendons to ensure the structure meets design requirements. Applying prestressing technology to explosion-resistant structures can improve their explosion resistance, enhance their energy absorption and deformation capabilities, and reduce the amount of steel required.

[0004] However, conventional prestressed technology has the following problems when used in explosion-resistant structures:

[0005] During the construction and installation process, prestressed tendons may shift, relax or slip, especially during lifting and placement, making it difficult to maintain the predetermined position, resulting in affected tensioning effects; when multiple prestressed tendons are actively tensioned, the prestress of the pre-tensioned tendons may be partially lost due to friction, relaxation, etc., reducing the uniformity of force on the entire structure; during the prestressing process, the concrete near the fixed end anchor is subjected to concentrated stress. If the concrete strength is insufficient, local cracking or even breakage may occur, affecting the overall performance of the structure.

[0006] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the problems existing in the existing technology, the present invention proposes a quick-assembly prestressed explosion-resistant structure for island and reef buildings, aiming to solve the problems of insufficient stability of prestressed tendons and concrete damage in the fixed end anchor area in the existing prestressed technology of explosion-resistant structures.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] The present invention first provides a quick-assembly prestressed explosion-proof structure for island and reef buildings. The explosion-proof structure is composed of multiple explosion-proof panels arranged horizontally and / or vertically, and mainly includes:

[0010] A bearing plate assembly, comprising a plurality of the bearing plates enclosed in a transverse and longitudinal manner to form an explosion-proof plate frame;

[0011] A bidirectional active prestressed system is cross-plated on the bearing plate assembly in the transverse and longitudinal directions and is anchored and fixed on the bearing plate on at least one side;

[0012] A bidirectional passive prestressed system is cross-plated on the bearing plate assembly in the transverse and longitudinal directions and is anchored on the bearing plate on at least one side, and the bidirectional passive prestressed system and the bidirectional active prestressed system are arranged alternately;

[0013] Anchor end spiral steel bars are sleeved on both ends of the bidirectional active prestressed system and the bidirectional passive prestressed system on the inner side of the bearing plate assembly;

[0014] Concrete is poured into the explosion-proof plate frame formed by the bearing plate assembly.

[0015] As a preferred improvement, the bearing plate assembly includes:

[0016] Anchor end bearing plates, wherein a plurality of said anchor end bearing plates are arranged around the explosion-proof plate in a transverse and longitudinal manner to form edge constraints;

[0017] A middle bearing plate, wherein a plurality of said middle bearing plates are arranged in a transverse and longitudinal crosswise manner in the middle of the explosion-proof plate to form a middle constraint;

[0018] Furthermore, the bearing plates are not rigidly connected or are not connected to each other.

[0019] As a preferred improvement, the adjacent anchor end bearing plates and / or middle bearing plates are butt-jointed at the interface and high-rigidity springs are arranged, and the axis of the high-rigidity spring coincides with the axis of the interface to avoid excessive impact on adjacent explosion-proof panels when the explosion-proof panels are impacted by an explosion.

[0020] As a preferred improvement, the explosion-proof structure further comprises:

[0021] Two-way support components, multiple groups of the two-way support components are arranged in a transverse and longitudinal cross-arrangement in the explosion-proof plate to maintain the stability of the anchor end bearing plate and the middle bearing plate; and / or

[0022] The middle spiral steel bar is sleeved on the middle part of the bidirectional active prestressed system and the bidirectional passive prestressed system on the inner side of the bearing plate assembly near the middle bearing plate.

[0023] As a preferred improvement, the bidirectional support assembly includes:

[0024] Two-way struts between the plates, a plurality of the two-way struts between the plates are passed through the anchor end bearing plate and the middle bearing plate in a transverse and longitudinal direction and are mechanically fixed;

[0025] The middle connecting piece of the two-way brace is arranged at the corners of each explosion-proof panel and connects two of the two-way brace rods between the panels in the transverse and / or longitudinal directions.

[0026] As a better improvement, the middle connecting piece of the bidirectional support rod is a four-pointed star-shaped structure, and the four corners are provided with internal threaded holes. The ends of the bidirectional support rods between the plates have external threads and are connected by threads.

[0027] As a preferred improvement, the bidirectional active prestressed system includes:

[0028] prestressed tendons;

[0029] The prestressed pipe is cross-pierced through the anchor end bearing plate and the middle bearing plate in the transverse and longitudinal directions. The prestressed tendons are passed through the prestressed pipe and pre-tensioned and anchored on the anchor end bearing plate on at least one side.

[0030] As a preferred improvement, the bidirectional passive prestressed system includes:

[0031] Prestressed tendons, wherein the prestressed tendons are broken into two sections from the middle;

[0032] An elastic connector, wherein two ends of the elastic connector are respectively connected to the two interrupted prestressed tendons;

[0033] The sleeve is wrapped around the outer periphery of the elastic connecting member, and the length of the sleeve is longer than the maximum stretching length of the elastic connecting member.

[0034] As a preferred improvement, the bidirectional passive prestressed system further includes:

[0035] A fixed end seal is fixed to the end of one of the broken prestressed tendons and is connected, fixed and sealed to one end of the sleeve;

[0036] The movable end seal is sleeved on the other broken section of prestressed tendon, and is connected, fixed and sealed to the other end of the sleeve, and can slide on the other broken section of prestressed tendon;

[0037] The sliding stroke limiting member is fixed to the end of the other broken prestressed tendon section and can abut against the movable end sealing member when the elastic connecting member reaches or is about to reach the maximum stretching length.

[0038] The present invention also provides a construction method of the explosion-resistant structure as described above, comprising:

[0039] Fabrication of reinforcement cages on factory-precast concrete moulds;

[0040] An active prestressed system is installed on the prepared steel cage, anchor end bearing plates are installed at the ends of the steel cage, and several middle bearing plates, as well as anchor end spiral steel bars, several middle spiral steel bars, and several middle bearing plates are installed in the middle section of the steel cage. The active prestressed system and the steel cage are fixed by binding. After the above installation is completed, inter-plate bidirectional bracing rods and bidirectional bracing rod middle connectors are installed between the anchor end bearing plates and the middle bearing plates.

[0041] Install the passive prestressing system on the prepared steel cage;

[0042] Concrete is poured into the mold and cured in the factory. After curing, the slab is removed from the factory and placed in the working environment.

[0043] Before tensioning, the sheath tube of the active prestressed tendon is stripped off, the polyurethane coating is cleaned, the prestressed tendon is tensioned in the working environment, and the prestressed tendon duct is grouting with epoxy resin grouting material.

[0044] The beneficial effects of the present invention over the prior art are as follows: the quick-assembly prestressed explosion-resistant structure of an island reef building provided by the present invention specifically includes at least one of the following advantages:

[0045] In the present invention, the active and passive prestressed systems work together. The active prestressed system applies initial stress to the concrete slab and connects multiple explosion-resistant concrete slabs, effectively offsetting part of the explosion impact force and reducing the crack expansion and deformation of the concrete slab; the passive prestressed system does not need to be tensioned in advance and can respond quickly under the impact of the explosion. The buffering and energy absorption characteristics of the elastic connecting components reduce the instantaneous impact force, thereby achieving multiple protections.

[0046] In the present invention, the prestressed tendons in the active prestressed system are subjected to stress in sections through multiple explosion-proof concrete slabs, which avoids the concrete near the fixed end anchor and the tensioning end anchor from being subjected to excessive concentrated stress, avoids local cracking or even breakage caused by insufficient concrete strength, and improves the overall performance of the structure.

[0047] In the present invention, opposing panels of the explosion-resistant concrete slab are rigidly connected, for example, between an anchor end bearing plate and an opposing middle bearing plate, or two opposing middle bearing plates, specifically using steel bars and anchors, to ensure overall rigidity and stability. Springs are placed at the interfaces between adjacent middle bearing plates to provide a certain degree of flexible energy absorption.

[0048] In the present invention, high-rigidity springs are arranged at the interfaces of the middle bearing plates to reduce the mutual influence between adjacent explosion-proof plates when they are impacted by explosions.

[0049] In the present invention, the explosion-proof concrete slab adopts a factory prefabrication working environment rapid assembly mode, which avoids the prestressed tendons from deflecting, relaxing or slipping when the entire tensioned concrete slab is hoisted.

[0050] It should be understood that the implementation of any embodiment of the present invention does not mean that multiple or all of the above-mentioned beneficial effects must be possessed or achieved at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can, without inventive effort, derive other implementation drawings based on the provided drawings.

[0052] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are intended solely to complement the contents disclosed herein and to facilitate understanding and reading by persons skilled in the art. They are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention may be implemented and therefore have no substantive technical significance. Any structural modifications, changes in proportions, or adjustments in sizes, provided they do not affect the efficacy and objectives of the present invention, shall remain within the scope of the technical contents disclosed herein.

[0053] Figure 1 An overall three-dimensional view of a quick-assembly prestressed explosion-resistant structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention (concrete not shown);

[0054] Figure 2 An overall plan view of a quick-assembly prestressed explosion-resistant structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the connection of the anchor end bearing plate of a quick-assembly prestressed explosion-resistant structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a middle connector of a bidirectional support rod of a quick-assembly prestressed explosion-resistant structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of springs at the interface of adjacent middle bearing plates of a quick-assembly prestressed explosion-resistant structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 6 An overall schematic diagram of a passive prestressed system of a rapid assembly prestressed explosion-resistant structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the decomposition of a passive prestressed system of a rapid assembly prestressed explosion-resistant structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 8An overall three-dimensional view of a quick-assembly prestressed explosion-resistant structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Markings in the figure:

[0062] Bearing plate assembly 1, anchor end bearing plate 11, support rod hole 111, fixing hole 112, middle bearing plate 12;

[0063] Bidirectional active prestressed system 2, active prestressed tendons 21, prestressed pipes 22;

[0064] Bidirectional passive prestressed system 3, passive prestressed tendons 31, springs 32, sleeves 33, fixed end seals 34, movable end seals 35, and sliding stroke limiters 36;

[0065] Anchor end spiral reinforcement 4;

[0066] Bidirectional support assembly 5, bidirectional support rods 51 between plates, and bidirectional support rod middle connector 52;

[0067] High stiffness spring 6;

[0068] Middle spiral reinforcement 7;

[0069] Anchor 8.

[0070] In the various drawings, the same or corresponding reference numerals denote the same or corresponding parts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0071] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly understood, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings. Here, the illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0072] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0073] It should be understood that the terms "comprises / comprising," "consisting of," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product, apparatus, process, or method that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also, if necessary, other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such product, apparatus, process, or method. In the absence of further limitations, elements defined by the phrases "comprises / comprising," "consisting of," do not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in the product, apparatus, process, or method that includes the elements.

[0074] It should also be understood that terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device, component or structure referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed or operate in a specific direction, and should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0075] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature identified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0076] The specific implementation and preferred solution of the self-resetting energy-absorbing support with an embedded double-yield point U-shaped damper proposed by the present invention are described in detail below.

[0077] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 The figure shows a rapidly assembled prestressed explosion-resistant structure for island and reef buildings, suitable for use in important structures on deep and remote islands and reefs. This explosion-resistant structure is composed of multiple explosion-resistant panels, primarily including a bearing plate assembly 1, a bidirectional active prestressing system 2, a bidirectional passive prestressing system 3, anchor-end spiral reinforcement 4, concrete, and the necessary reinforcement cage (not shown). This invention utilizes the bearing plate assembly to address existing issues such as prestressed tendons shifting, relaxing, or slipping during installation and placement; partial loss of prestress in the prestressed tendons during active tensioning of multiple tendons; and localized cracking of the concrete near the fixed-end anchor. The invention also provides restraint, enhancing the explosion-resistant capabilities of the explosion-resistant panels through the combined use of active and passive prestressing systems.

[0078] like Figure 1As shown, the explosion-proof panels can be regular-shaped panel structures, such as rectangular or square panels arranged horizontally and vertically, used as wall panels, floor panels, or auxiliary explosion-proof panels to assist existing wall panels and floor panels of island and reef buildings. Of course, they can also be panels of other shapes according to actual needs.

[0079] In the present invention, Figure 1 The bearing plate assembly 1 is composed of multiple bearing plates that are enclosed horizontally and vertically to form an explosion-proof plate frame. The explosion-proof plate frame formed by the bearing plate assembly 1 at least serves as the external contour and edge constraint of the entire explosion-proof plate, and is also used as the peripheral structure for pouring concrete (instead of the formwork). The bearing plate assembly 1 can provide sufficient local compressive resistance and carry out end bearing during prestressing.

[0080] In some embodiments, the bearing plate assembly 1 first includes an anchor end bearing plate 11, which is arranged at the edge of the explosion-proof plate and the end of the prestressed tendon. Multiple anchor end bearing plates 11 are arranged around the explosion-proof plate in a horizontal and vertical manner to form edge constraints; for a square explosion-proof plate unit, four anchor end bearing plates 11 are provided, and for an explosion-proof plate composed of four explosion-proof plate units, two anchor end bearing plates 11 are provided on each side, totaling eight anchor end bearing plates 11.

[0081] In some embodiments, the bearing plate assembly 1 further includes a middle bearing plate 12, which is arranged in the middle of the explosion-proof plate. Multiple middle bearing plates 12 are arranged in the middle of the explosion-proof plate in a horizontal and vertical cross-arrangement to form a middle constraint, such as Figure 1 As shown in FIG, four middle bearing plates 12 are arranged crosswise in the middle of the explosion-proof panel composed of four explosion-proof panel units, and the entire explosion-proof panel forms a grid shape.

[0082] Traditional prestressed tendon positioning usually uses anchors at both ends and a steel cage in the middle. There are few fixed points and the reinforcement cannot be too large. The load-bearing plate formed by the horizontal and vertical bidirectional enclosure in the present invention is fixedly connected with the help of the steel cage, which can increase the fixing points of the prestressed tendons. Correspondingly, the size and bearing capacity of the pre-tensioned or post-tensioned active prestressed tendons can be increased, and the deviation can be reduced.

[0083] Specifically, the anchor end bearing plate 11 and the middle bearing plate 12 are both made of strip steel plates, the length, height and thickness of which are determined by design requirements. Through holes are pre-opened on the strip steel plates to pass through various prestressed tendons (sleeves).

[0084] It should be noted that the middle bearing plate 12 and the anchor end bearing plate 11 are not rigidly connected or not connected. Moreover, the middle bearing plates 12 and the middle bearing plates 12, as well as the anchor end bearing plates 11 and the anchor end bearing plates 11, are not rigidly connected or not connected at the intersection. With such a design, when the explosion shock wave is transmitted to the structure, the non-rigid connection or non-connection can block the continuous transmission of the stress wave, and indirectly transmit more impact energy to the active and passive prestressed systems and concrete. At the same time, it is also convenient for replacement when local damage occurs, without the need for overall replacement as in the case of an entire integrated structure.

[0085] In the present invention, Figure 1 The bidirectional active prestressing system 2 is cross-threaded across the bearing plate assembly 1 in both the horizontal and vertical directions and anchored to the bearing plate on at least one side. In the figure, one end is fixed, while the other end is tensioned and anchored. Bidirectional tensioning and anchoring is also possible. During installation, the bidirectional active prestressing system 2 is pre-tensioned and anchored to tighten the anchor end and middle bearing plates, actively providing bearing capacity. Multiple prestressing tendons can be used, passing through each bearing plate.

[0086] In the embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 3 The bidirectional active prestressing system 2 includes multiple tendons, for example, two transverse tendons and two longitudinal tendons in each explosion-resistant panel unit, for a total of four tendons. Each tendon includes active prestressing tendons 21 and prestressing conduits 22. The prestressing conduits 22 are intersectingly arranged transversely and longitudinally through holes in the anchor end bearing plate 11 and the middle bearing plate 12 to facilitate tendon tensioning after concrete pouring. The active prestressing tendons 21 are arranged through the prestressing conduits 22 and anchored to the anchor end bearing plate 11 on at least one side by anchorage 8. The active prestressing tendons 21 are CFRP tendons coated with a high-solids polyurethane coating.

[0087] In the present invention, an active prestressed system is used to apply initial stress to the explosion-resistant concrete slab and multiple explosion-resistant concrete slabs are connected, thereby effectively offsetting part of the explosion impact force and reducing crack expansion and deformation of the explosion-resistant concrete slab.

[0088] Similarly, the bidirectional passive prestressing system 3 is cross-threaded across the bearing plate assembly 1 in both the horizontal and vertical directions and anchored to the bearing plate on at least one side. The passive prestressing system is inactive during installation, meaning it is not pre-tensioned. The bidirectional passive prestressing system 3 is arranged alternately with the bidirectional active prestressing system 2. In the figure, a bidirectional passive prestressing tendon is arranged between two bidirectional active prestressing tendons. This alternating arrangement allows the active prestressing system to be pre-tensioned. During the first wave of impact, the active prestressing system takes effect first, simultaneously triggering the passive prestressing system, which then serves as a supplement.

[0089] Continue to see Figure 6-7The bidirectional passive prestressing system 3 includes a passive prestressing tendon 31, a spring 32 as a specific elastic connector, and a sleeve 33. However, the passive prestressing tendon 31 is broken in the middle, that is, broken into two sections. The spring 32 is arranged between the two sections of the passive prestressing tendon 31, with one end connected to the end of one of the broken sections of the passive prestressing tendon 31 and the other end connected to the end of the other broken section of the passive prestressing tendon 31. The spring 32 can be specifically welded, or a circular pad can be welded to the ends of the two broken sections of the passive prestressing tendon 31, and the spring 32 is welded to the circular pad.

[0090] After the connection, a sleeve 33 is set on the periphery. The sleeve 33 can be a circular tube with a hollow interior, which is wrapped around the periphery of the spring 32. After the wrapping, the sleeve 33 remains fixed on the prestressed tendon, and the two ends are closed. The length of the sleeve 33 is longer than the total length of the spring 32, so as to protect the internal spring 32 and ensure that the spring 32 still produces elastic deformation after the concrete is poured, while preventing it from being interfered with or damaged during use. Preferably, the length of the sleeve 33 is 1.2-1.5 times the length of the spring 32. Under normal conditions, one end of the spring 32 is relatively fixed and the other end is relatively movable. For example, the left end in the figure is fixed and the right end is movable. When subjected to force, the right end of the spring 32 continues to move to the right following the prestressed tendon. When the right end hits the sleeve, the spring no longer stretches, thus forming a limit and not being infinitely stretched.

[0091] Furthermore, the bidirectional passive prestressed system 3 includes a fixed end seal 34 and a movable end seal 35. The so-called fixed means fixed relative to the corresponding prestressed tendon, and the so-called movable means movable relative to the corresponding prestressed tendon. The fixed end seal 34 is fixed to the end of one of the broken passive prestressed tendons 31, and is fixedly connected to one end of the sleeve 33 and seals the sleeve 33; the movable end seal 35 is sleeved on the other broken passive prestressed tendon 31, and is fixedly connected to the other end of the sleeve 33 and seals the sleeve 33, and can slide on the other broken passive prestressed tendon 31. When the explosion-proof panel is deformed under stress, the two broken passive prestressed tendons 31 may move to a certain extent, so as to prevent the occurrence of any damage. Figure 7 Taking the movement of the passive prestressing tendon 31 in the upper right section as an example, when subjected to tension, it moves upward in the direction of the arrow shown in the figure, stretching the spring 32. The spring 32 generates a reaction force on the two passive prestressing tendons 31, thereby forming passive prestressing in the concrete. Similarly, when subjected to compression, the passive prestressing tendon 31 in the upper right section moves downward in the direction of the arrow shown in the figure, compressing the spring 32, which generates a reaction force on the two passive prestressing tendons 31, thereby forming passive prestressing in the concrete.

[0092] Furthermore, a sliding stroke limiter 36 can be added. The sliding stroke limiter 36 is fixed to the end of the other broken passive prestressed tendon and can abut the movable end seal 35 when the spring 32 reaches or is about to reach the maximum stretching length and cannot move further.

[0093] The fixed end seal 34 can be made of a circular steel plate, which is welded to the corresponding end of the passive prestressed tendon 31 and welded and fixed to the end of the sleeve 33. At the same time, one end of the spring 32 is also welded to the surface of the circular steel plate.

[0094] The movable end seal 35 can be an annular steel plate, which is sleeved on the corresponding passive prestressed tendon 31 and fixed to the end of the sleeve 33 by welding.

[0095] The sliding stroke limiter 36 can be made of a circular steel plate, which is welded to the end of the corresponding passive prestressed tendon 31, and one end of the spring 32 is welded to the surface of the circular steel plate.

[0096] In this invention, the passive prestressing system does not require pre-tensioning and can respond quickly to explosion impacts. The buffering and energy absorption characteristics of the elastic connector (spring 32) reduce the instantaneous impact force, achieving multiple protections. The explosion-resistant concrete slab will experience instantaneous impact loads under the action of an explosion. The displacement characteristics of the passive prestressing system include the following stages:

[0097] 1) Initial impact stage: The passive prestressed system is subjected to explosion impact on the surface of the explosion-resistant concrete slab, generating instantaneous high pressure, and the explosion-resistant concrete slab begins to deform rapidly;

[0098] 2) Spring elastic deformation stage: Under small or medium explosion load conditions, the middle part or certain areas of the explosion-resistant concrete slab undergo elastic bending deformation, the spring 32 deforms and begins to store energy, and the spring 32 applies a tensile force to the passive prestressed tendons 31. This tensile force is a passive prestress, which generates compressive stress in the concrete in the tension zone to offset or reduce the tensile stress generated by the explosion load.

[0099] 3) Plastic deformation stage: Under conditions of large explosion loads, the explosion-proof plate enters the plastic deformation stage, and the displacement increases significantly. Without the restriction of the sleeve 33, the spring 32 approaches its ultimate tensile state. Therefore, the length of the sleeve 33 is 1.2 to 1.5 times the total length of the spring 32 to prevent the spring 32 from exceeding the ultimate tensile length and causing plastic deformation.

[0100] 4) Rebound stage: After the explosion impact, the explosion-proof plate may partially rebound, and the spring 32 releases part of the stored energy to reduce the permanent deformation.

[0101] In the present invention, in order to ensure the tension anchoring bearing capacity of the prestressed end, the present invention sets the anchor end spiral steel bar 4, that is, a rectangular spiral steel bar, or a ring steel bar, and a plurality of anchor end spiral steel bars 4 are sleeved on both ends of the bidirectional active prestressed system 2 and the bidirectional passive prestressed system 3 within a certain width range inside the bearing plate assembly 1; Figure 1 As shown in FIG, four anchor end spiral steel bars 4 are arranged side by side to form a group, and are hooped at both ends of the bidirectional active prestressed system 2 and the bidirectional passive prestressed system 3.

[0102] Finally, the embodiment of the present invention pours concrete in the explosion-proof plate frame formed by the bearing plate assembly 1. The concrete is fully bonded to the above-mentioned anchor end spiral steel bars 4, thereby enhancing the compressive strength at the end of the prestressed tendon, preventing local crushing damage, and ensuring smooth tensioning and anchoring here.

[0103] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 、 Figure 2 Since the anchor end bearing plate 11 and the middle bearing plate 12 are not rigidly connected or not connected at the joint, the explosion-proof structure also includes a two-way support component 5. Multiple groups of two-way support components 5 are also cross-arranged in the explosion-proof plate in the horizontal and vertical directions to maintain the stability of the anchor end bearing plate 11 and the middle bearing plate 12.

[0104] The multiple groups of bidirectional support components 5 are the same as the bidirectional active prestressed system 2 and the bidirectional passive prestressed system 3 , and are passed through the anchor end bearing plate 11 and the middle bearing plate 12 to support each bearing plate.

[0105] In some embodiments, the bidirectional support assembly 5 first includes an inter-plate bidirectional strut 51, and multiple inter-plate bidirectional struts 51 are arranged horizontally and longitudinally on the anchor end bearing plate 11 and the middle bearing plate 12, wherein the anchor end bearing plate 11 and the middle bearing plate 12 are correspondingly provided with through holes for multiple inter-plate bidirectional struts 51 to pass through.

[0106] In addition, a plurality of bidirectional struts 51 between the plates are horizontally and longitudinally passed through the anchor end bearing plate 11 and the middle bearing plate 12 and mechanically fixed. In the traditional prestressed system single-point anchoring method, the tension of the prestressed tendons acts on the end concrete in the form of concentrated force. The present invention uses a multi-section bearing plate and strut design, and the bearing plates on both sides and the middle bearing plate are segmented to bear pressure. Each section of the bearing plate-strut-bearing plate can be regarded as an anchoring subsystem, which is segmented anchored. The subsystem bears the anchoring force, so that the prestressed tendons in the active prestressed system are segmented through multiple explosion-proof concrete plates to bear the force, avoiding the concrete near the fixed end anchor and the tensioning end anchor from being subjected to excessive concentrated stress, avoiding local cracking or even breakage caused by insufficient concrete strength, and improving the overall performance of the structure.

[0107] In this embodiment, four groups of bidirectional struts 51 between plates are arranged in each explosion-proof plate unit, namely two groups are arranged on the transverse edge and two groups are arranged on the longitudinal edge, and each group of bidirectional struts 51 between plates are arranged in a double layer in the plate thickness direction, thus forming a three-dimensional spatial bidirectional support assembly 5 to firmly support each anchor end bearing plate 11 and the middle bearing plate 12 to form a stable explosion-proof plate frame.

[0108] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the anchor end bearing plate 11 is provided with brace holes 111. Specifically, four brace holes 111 are provided at both ends of the anchor end bearing plate 11, near the upper and lower edges, in a two-layer arrangement. Four sets of bidirectional braces 51 between the plates are passed through and secured through the four brace holes 111. Furthermore, the figure shows that the anchor end bearing plate 11 is also provided with multiple fixing holes 112 to facilitate securing the anchor end bearing plate 11 to the mounting surface and connecting it to the protected structure.

[0109] In some embodiments, the bidirectional support assembly 5 further includes a bidirectional support rod middle connector 52 for axially connecting a plurality of bidirectional support rods 51 between the panels. In each explosion-proof panel, a plurality of bidirectional support rod middle connectors 52 are respectively arranged at the corners of the explosion-proof panel, such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, in each explosion-proof panel unit, eight two-way strut middle connectors 52 are used in an upper and lower double-layer manner at the four corners to connect the adjacent two-way struts 51 between panels. With the help of the two-way strut middle connectors 52, the two-way struts 51 between panels are extended, thereby running through the entire explosion-proof panel. In addition, the two-way struts 51 between panels do not need to be designed as a full-length structure, are not easily damaged or broken, and are convenient for transportation and on-site assembly.

[0110] Better, such as Figure 4 As shown, the bidirectional brace middle connector 52 is a four-pointed star structure with internal threaded holes 521 at the four corners. The ends of the bidirectional brace 51 between the panels are externally threaded, and are connected by threads. The threaded connection enables quick connection, and the four-pointed star structure can be connected from four directions at the corners of the explosion-proof panel, achieving bidirectional connection and extension in both the horizontal and vertical directions.

[0111] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 As shown, adjacent middle bearing plates 12 are butted together at their interfaces and equipped with high-rigidity springs 6. The axis of the high-rigidity springs 6 coincides with the axis of the interface to prevent excessive impact on adjacent panels when the explosion impacts the panels. The figure shows a 2x2 layout of explosion panels, with only one interface between adjacent middle bearing plates 12. A 3x3 layout would have four interfaces. At these interfaces, the bearing plates have openings, either through or through, and high-rigidity springs 6 are placed within these openings.

[0112] See also Figure 1 、 Figure 2The explosion-resistant structure also includes central spiral reinforcement 7, which is installed inside the bearing plate assembly 1, near the central bearing plate 12, and is located between the bidirectional active prestressing system 2 and the bidirectional passive prestressing system 3. Like the anchor end spiral reinforcement 4, the central spiral reinforcement 7 is annularly installed around the prestressing bar to enhance the compressive strength of the central bearing plate 12.

[0113] The present invention also discloses a construction method for rapidly assembling prestressed explosion-resistant concrete slabs, comprising:

[0114] Fabrication of reinforcement cages on factory-precast concrete moulds;

[0115] The active prestressing system is installed on the prepared steel cage. Anchor-end bearing plates 11 are installed at the ends of the steel cage, and several intermediate bearing plates 12 are installed in the middle of the steel cage. The active prestressing system 2 begins at the anchor 8 at the fixed end and passes through the anchor plate 11, the anchor spiral rebar 4, several intermediate spiral rebars 7, several intermediate bearing plates 12, and the anchor 8 at the tensioning end. The active prestressing system 2 and the steel cage are secured by tying. After the above installation is completed, the inter-plate bidirectional bracing rods 51 and the bidirectional bracing rod intermediate connectors 52 are installed between the anchor plate 11 and the intermediate bearing plate 12.

[0116] Install the passive prestressing system on the prepared steel cage;

[0117] Concrete is poured into the mold and the anti-blasting board is cured in the factory. After the curing is completed, it is taken out from the factory and placed in the working environment. The finished state is as follows Figure 8 As shown;

[0118] Before tensioning, the sheath tube of the active prestressed tendon is stripped off, the high-solid content polyurethane coating is cleaned, the prestressed tendon tensioning operation is carried out in the working environment, and the prestressed tendon duct is grouting with epoxy resin grouting material.

[0119] Although several specific implementation details are included in the above discussion, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Certain features described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented in multiple implementations individually or in any suitable sub-combination.

Claims

1. A quick-assembly prestressed explosion-resistant structure for island and reef buildings, characterized in that: The explosion-proof structure is composed of multiple explosion-proof panels arranged horizontally and / or vertically, and mainly includes: A bearing plate assembly, comprising a plurality of the bearing plates enclosed in a transverse and longitudinal manner to form an explosion-proof plate frame; A bidirectional active prestressed system is cross-plated on the bearing plate assembly in the transverse and longitudinal directions and is anchored and fixed on the bearing plate on at least one side; A bidirectional passive prestressed system is cross-plated on the bearing plate assembly in the transverse and longitudinal directions and is anchored on the bearing plate on at least one side, and the bidirectional passive prestressed system and the bidirectional active prestressed system are arranged alternately; Anchor end spiral steel bars are sleeved on both ends of the bidirectional active prestressed system and the bidirectional passive prestressed system on the inner side of the bearing plate assembly; Concrete is poured into the explosion-proof plate frame formed by the bearing plate assembly; wherein The bidirectional passive prestressed system includes: Prestressed tendons, wherein the prestressed tendons are broken into two sections from the middle; An elastic connector, wherein two ends of the elastic connector are respectively connected to the two interrupted prestressed tendons; The sleeve is wrapped around the outer periphery of the elastic connecting member, and the length of the sleeve is longer than the maximum stretching length of the elastic connecting member.

2. The explosion-proof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing plate assembly includes: Anchor end bearing plates, wherein a plurality of said anchor end bearing plates are arranged around the explosion-proof plate in a transverse and longitudinal manner to form edge constraints; A middle bearing plate, wherein a plurality of said middle bearing plates are arranged in a transverse and longitudinal crosswise manner in the middle of the explosion-proof plate to form a middle constraint; Furthermore, the bearing plates are not rigidly connected or are not connected to each other.

3. The explosion-proof structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjacent anchor end bearing plates and / or middle bearing plates are butt-jointed at the interface and high-rigidity springs are arranged. The axis of the high-rigidity spring coincides with the axis of the interface to avoid excessive impact on adjacent explosion-proof panels when the explosion-proof panels are impacted by explosions.

4. The explosion-proof structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The explosion-proof structure also includes: Two-way support components, multiple groups of the two-way support components are arranged in a transverse and longitudinal cross-arrangement in the explosion-proof plate to maintain the stability of the anchor end bearing plate and the middle bearing plate; and / or The middle spiral steel bar is sleeved on the middle part of the bidirectional active prestressed system and the bidirectional passive prestressed system on the inner side of the bearing plate assembly near the middle bearing plate.

5. The explosion-proof structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bidirectional support assembly comprises: Two-way struts between the plates, a plurality of the two-way struts between the plates are passed through the anchor end bearing plate and the middle bearing plate in a transverse and longitudinal direction and are mechanically fixed; The middle connecting piece of the two-way brace is arranged at the corners of each explosion-proof panel and connects two of the two-way brace rods between the panels in the transverse and / or longitudinal directions.

6. The explosion-proof structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The middle connecting piece of the bidirectional support rod is a four-pointed star-shaped structure, and the four corners are provided with internal threaded holes. The ends of the bidirectional support rods between the plates have external threads and are connected by threads.

7. The explosion-proof structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bidirectional active prestressed system includes: prestressed tendons; The prestressed pipe is cross-pierced through the anchor end bearing plate and the middle bearing plate in the transverse and longitudinal directions. The prestressed tendons are passed through the prestressed pipe and pre-tensioned and anchored on the anchor end bearing plate on at least one side.

8. The explosion-proof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bidirectional passive prestressed system further comprises: A fixed end seal is fixed to the end of one of the broken prestressed tendons and is connected, fixed and sealed to one end of the sleeve; The movable end seal is sleeved on the other broken section of prestressed tendon, and is connected, fixed and sealed to the other end of the sleeve, and can slide on the other broken section of prestressed tendon; The sliding stroke limiting member is fixed to the end of the other broken prestressed tendon section and can abut against the movable end sealing member when the elastic connecting member reaches or is about to reach the maximum stretching length.

9. A construction method for an explosion-resistant structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: Fabrication of reinforcement cages on factory-precast concrete moulds; An active prestressed system is installed on the prepared steel cage, anchor end bearing plates are installed at the ends of the steel cage, and several middle bearing plates, as well as anchor end spiral steel bars, several middle spiral steel bars, and several middle bearing plates are installed in the middle section of the steel cage. The active prestressed system and the steel cage are fixed by binding. After the above installation is completed, inter-plate bidirectional bracing rods and bidirectional bracing rod middle connectors are installed between the anchor end bearing plates and the middle bearing plates. Install the passive prestressing system on the prepared steel cage; Concrete is poured into the mold and cured in the factory. After curing, the slab is removed from the factory and placed in the working environment. Before tensioning, the sheath tube of the active prestressed tendon is stripped off, the polyurethane coating is cleaned, the prestressed tendon is tensioned in the working environment, and the prestressed tendon duct is grouting with epoxy resin grouting material.

Images