Kilometer-level underwater large-diameter vertical shaft drilling machine and drilling method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a kilometer-level underwater large-diameter vertical shaft drilling machine, and relates to the field of vertical shaft drilling machines. The device comprises a guide frame, a drill bit, a drill bit guide rod, a swing driving cylinder and a turntable, the top of the guide frame is connected with the steel wire rope; a turntable is rotationally supported at the bottom of the guide frame; one end of the swing driving cylinder is hinged to the bottom of the rotary disc, and the other end of the swing driving cylinder is connected with the drill bit guide rod. Supporting boots are arranged on the top side face and the bottom side face of the guide frame. The invention further relates to a drilling method of the kilometer-level underwater large-diameter vertical shaft drilling machine. The device is simple in structure and low in cost; the vertical shaft drilling machine is high in drilling speed and low in construction cost; the vertical shaft drilling machine does not need manual underground operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of shaft drills, and more specifically, it is a kilometer-level underwater large-diameter shaft drill. The present invention also relates to a drilling method for such a kilometer-level underwater large-diameter shaft drill. Background Art

[0002] In the existing shaft tunneling machine, there is a large rotating transmission structure inside, and the sealing structure cannot withstand deep water pressure. Before drilling, it is necessary to grout and seal the groundwater. The tunneling machine has an open structure. During the tunneling process, it is necessary to reinforce the soft shaft wall with rock bolts in a timely manner, and it is also necessary to pour reinforced concrete to support the shaft wall on-site in the underground in a timely manner, resulting in a large amount of complex manual underground operations. Therefore, the construction speed of the shaft tunneling machine is slow, the cost is extremely high, the underground operation environment is harsh and the safety risk is great, and the cost of the shaft tunneling machine is also very high; the existing rotary shaft drill drives the drill bit to drill through the drill pipe at the wellhead, and there are problems that it cannot drill in hard rock formations and is prone to drilling deviation, and it cannot meet the construction requirements of ultra-deep shaft drilling.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a kilometer-level underwater large-diameter shaft drill that can perform underwater drilling, has a fast construction speed, low cost, and does not require manual underground operations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The first object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above background art and provide a kilometer-level underwater large-diameter shaft drill.

[0005] The second object of the present invention is to provide a drilling method for such a kilometer-level underwater large-diameter shaft drill.

[0006] To achieve the above first object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a kilometer-level underwater large-diameter shaft drill, characterized in that it includes a guide frame, a drill bit, a drill bit guide rod, a swing drive cylinder 、 a turntable; the top of the guide frame is connected to a wire rope, and the bottom of the guide frame is rotatably supported with a turntable;

[0007] One end of the drill bit guide rod is hinged to the bottom of the turntable, and the other end is connected to the drill bit. One end of the swing drive cylinder is hinged to the bottom of the turntable, and the other end is connected to the drill bit guide rod;

[0008] Support shoes are provided on both the top side and the bottom side of the guide frame.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the drill bit is a hydraulic down-the-hole hammer, a water-pressure down-the-hole hammer, an electric down-the-hole hammer, a pneumatic down-the-hole hammer or a pick bit.

[0010] In the above technical solution, a first rotary drive cylinder and a second rotary drive cylinder are further included. The upper ends of the first rotary drive cylinder and the second rotary drive cylinder are both fixed to the top of the guide frame, and the lower ends are both wound and connected to the circumference of the turntable by rotary traction steel wires.

[0011] In the above technical solution, a turntable rotary driver is further included. The upper end of the turntable rotary driver is fixed to the bottom of the guide frame, and the lower end is connected to the turntable.

[0012] In order to achieve the above second object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a drilling method for a large-diameter shaft drill at a depth of one thousand meters underwater, which is characterized by including the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Excavate the starting shaft, fill the shaft with slurry for protecting the shaft wall from collapsing, suspend the guide frame by a steel wire rope and lower it close to the bottom of the shaft, and extend the support boots to fix the guide frame on the surface of the shaft wall.

[0014] Step 2: The swing drive cylinder expands and contracts to push the drill rod to swing continuously, driving the drill bit to move along the radius direction of the shaft at the bottom of the shaft on the surface of the rock and soil.

[0015] When the first rotary drive cylinder, the second rotary drive cylinder and the traction steel wire rope are provided, the first rotary drive cylinder and the second rotary drive cylinder expand and contract to drive the rotary traction steel wire rope, thereby driving the turntable to rotate reciprocally, driving the drill bit to rotate reciprocally in the circumferential direction of the shaft, and the drill bit is driven by the power input from the power pipeline to impact and break the rock and soil at the bottom of the shaft to complete the full-section drilling of the shaft.

[0016] When the turntable rotary driver is provided, the turntable rotary driver drives the turntable to rotate, driving the drill bit to rotate in the circumferential direction of the shaft, and the drill bit is driven by the power input from the power pipeline to impact and break the rock and soil at the bottom of the shaft to complete the full-section drilling of the shaft.

[0017] Step 3: The slag discharge pipe sucks the drill slag at the bottom of the drill bit and discharges it to the ground through the slag discharge pipe, and the guide frame is lowered continuously for further drilling as the drilling progresses.

[0018] Step 4: After the shaft drilling is completed, the precast shaft sections are sunk to the bottom of the shaft by the open caisson method, and cement slurry is injected outside the shaft to fill the gap outside the shaft to complete the construction of the shaft.

[0019] In the above technical solution, an inclinometer and an azimuth meter are installed on the guide frame, and the information is transmitted to the ground through a signal cable, and the telescopic amount of the support boots is controlled by ground equipment to complete the measurement and deviation correction of the spatial position of the guide frame, ensuring the accurate diameter size and accurate spatial direction of the drilling.

[0020] In the above technical solution, when the drill bit needs to be inspected and replaced, the steel wire rope, the power pipeline, the signal cable and the slag discharge pipe are synchronously lifted to lift the drill bit to the ground for inspection and maintenance of the equipment.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] 1) The structure of the present invention is simple and the cost is very low; the shaft drill of the present invention has a very fast drilling speed and a very low construction cost; the shaft drill of the present invention does not require manual underground operation.

[0023] 2) An inclinometer and an azimuth meter are installed on the guide frame of the present invention, and the information is transmitted to the ground through a signal cable. The telescopic amount of the support shoe is controlled by ground equipment to complete the measurement and deviation correction of the spatial position of the guide frame, ensuring accurate diameter size and accurate spatial direction during drilling.

[0024] 3) The guide frame of the present invention does not rotate, and the steel wire rope, power pipeline, signal cable, and slag discharge pipe are arranged in parallel in the well and will not be twisted and rubbed against each other. There is no rotating power transmission mechanical structure between the drill bit, drill bit guide rod, swing drive cylinder, and turntable, which is easy to seal and can operate underwater at a depth of thousands of meters.

[0025] 4) When the drill bit of the present invention needs to be inspected and replaced, the steel wire rope, power pipeline, signal cable, and slag discharge pipe can be synchronously lifted to quickly lift the drill bit to the ground, and the equipment can be quickly inspected and repaired.

[0026] 5) During the shaft drilling process of the present invention, the inside of the shaft is filled with mud to protect the stability of the shaft wall without collapse; the slag discharge pressure difference of the slag discharge pipe is very small, making it easy to discharge slag and consuming less energy for slag discharge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic structure of the present invention Figure 1 .

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic structure of the present invention Figure 2 .

[0029] Among them, 1 - guide frame, 11 - steel wire rope, 12 - support shoe, 2 - drill bit, 3 - drill bit guide rod, 4 - swing drive cylinder, 5 - turntable, 51 - first rotation drive cylinder, 52 - second rotation drive cylinder, 53 - rotation traction steel wire rope, 54 - turntable rotation driver, 6 - shaft, 61 - shaft wall, 71 - slag discharge pipe, 72 - signal cable, 73 - power pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030] The following will describe in detail the implementation of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, they do not constitute a limitation to the present invention and are only for illustration purposes. At the same time, the advantages of the present invention will become clearer and easier to understand through the description.

[0031] Referring to the attached drawings, it can be seen that: A kilometer-level underwater large-diameter shaft drill, characterized in that: it includes a guide frame 1, a drill bit 2, a drill bit guide rod 3, and a swing drive cylinder 4; the top of the guide frame 1 is connected to a steel wire rope 11, and the bottom of the guide frame 1 is rotatably supported by a turntable 5;

[0032] One end of the drill bit guide rod 3 is hinged to the bottom of the turntable 5, and the other end is connected to the drill bit 2. One end of the swing drive cylinder 4 is hinged to the bottom of the turntable 5, and the other end is connected to the drill bit guide rod 3.

[0033] The drill bit 2 is a hydraulic down-the-hole hammer, a water-pressure down-the-hole hammer, an electric down-the-hole hammer, a pneumatic down-the-hole hammer or a pick bit.

[0034] It also includes a first rotary drive cylinder 51 and a second rotary drive cylinder 52. The upper ends of the first rotary drive cylinder 51 and the second rotary drive cylinder 52 are both fixed to the top of the guide frame 1, and the lower ends are both wound and connected to the circumference of the turntable 5 by a rotary traction steel wire rope 53;

[0035] Support shoes 12 are provided on both the side surface of the top of the guide frame 1 and the side surface of the bottom.

[0036] It also includes a turntable rotary driver 54. The upper end of the turntable rotary driver 54 is fixed to the bottom of the guide frame 1, and the lower end is connected to the turntable 5.

[0037] The power pipeline 73, the signal cable 72, and the slag discharge pipe 71 are connected to the corresponding equipment on the ground.

[0038] As Figure 1 shown, the first way to drive the turntable 5 in the present invention is: the upper ends of the first rotary drive cylinder 51 and the second rotary drive cylinder 52 are both fixed to the top of the guide frame 1, and the lower ends are both connected to the circumference of the turntable 5 by a rotary traction steel wire rope 53. One end of the drill bit guide rod 3 is hinged to the bottom of the turntable 5, and the other end is connected to the drill bit 2. One end of the swing drive cylinder 4 is hinged to the bottom of the turntable 5, and the other end is connected to the drill bit guide rod 3; the first rotary drive cylinder 51 and the second rotary drive cylinder 52 drive the turntable 5 to rotate through the rotary traction steel wire rope 53, driving the drill bit to rotate in the circumferential direction of the shaft 6.

[0039] As Figure 2 shown, the second way to drive the turntable 5 in the present invention is: the upper end of the turntable rotary driver 54 is fixed to the bottom of the guide frame 1, and the lower end of the turntable rotary driver 54 is connected to the turntable 5; the turntable rotary driver 54 drives the turntable 5 to rotate, driving the drill bit 2 to rotate in the circumferential direction of the shaft 6.

[0040] A drilling method for a kilometer-level underwater large-diameter shaft drill, characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: Excavate the starting shaft 6, fill the shaft 6 with slurry for protecting the shaft wall 61 from collapsing, suspend the guide frame 1 by the wire rope 11 and lower it close to the bottom of the shaft 6, and extend the support shoes 12 to fix the guide frame 1 on the surface of the shaft wall 61;

[0042] Step 2: The swing drive cylinder 4 expands and contracts to push the drill rod guide 3 to swing continuously, driving the drill bit 2 to move along the radial direction of the shaft 6 at the bottom of the shaft 6 on the surface of the rock and soil;

[0043] When the first rotary drive cylinder 51, the second rotary drive cylinder 52 and the traction wire rope 53 are provided, the first rotary drive cylinder 51 and the second rotary drive cylinder 52 expand and contract to drive the rotary traction wire rope 53, thereby driving the turntable 5 to rotate, driving the drill bit 2 to rotate reciprocally in the circumferential direction of the shaft 6, and the drill bit 2 is driven by the power input through the power pipeline 73 to impact and break the rock and soil at the bottom of the shaft 6 to complete the full-section drilling of the shaft 6;

[0044] When the turntable rotary driver 54 is provided, the turntable rotary driver 54 drives the turntable 5 to rotate, driving the drill bit 2 to rotate in the circumferential direction of the shaft 6, and the drill bit 2 is driven by the power input through the power pipeline 73 to impact and break the rock and soil at the bottom of the shaft 6 to complete the full-section drilling of the shaft 6;

[0045] Step 3: The slag discharge pipe 71 sucks the drill slag at the bottom of the drill bit 2 and discharges it to the ground through the slag discharge pipe 71, and the guide frame 1 is lowered continuously with the drilling;

[0046] Step 4: After the drilling of the shaft 6 is completed, the prefabricated shaft sections are sunk to the bottom of the shaft 6 by the open caisson method, and cement slurry is grouted outside the shaft to fill the gap outside the shaft to complete the construction of the shaft.

[0047] An inclinometer and an azimuth meter are installed on the guide frame 1, and information is transmitted to the ground through the signal cable 72. The telescopic amount of the support shoes 12 is controlled by the ground equipment to complete the measurement and deviation correction of the spatial position of the guide frame 1, ensuring accurate diameter size and accurate spatial direction of the drilling.

[0048] When the drill bit 2 needs to be inspected and replaced, the wire rope 11, the power pipeline 73, the signal cable 72 and the slag discharge pipe 71 are synchronously lifted to lift the drill bit 2 to the ground for inspection and maintenance of the equipment.

[0049] During the drilling of the present invention, the guide frame 1 does not rotate, and the wire rope 11, the power pipeline 73, the signal cable 72 and the slag discharge pipe 71 are arranged in parallel in the well and will not be twisted and rubbed against each other.

[0050] In the first method of driving the turntable 5 of the present invention, there is no rotating transmission mechanical structure between the drill bit 2, the drill rod guide 3, the swing drive cylinder 4, the turntable 5, the first rotary drive cylinder 51 and the second rotary drive cylinder 52, which is easy to seal and can operate underwater at a depth of thousands of meters.

[0051] In the second method of driving the rotary table 5 of the present invention, when the rotary table 5 rotates, the load on the drill bit 2 leaving the bottom surface is very small. The rotary table rotary drive 54 is of a small size, and the space between its motor, reduction gear and gear ring is all a static seal structure, enabling it to operate underwater at a depth of thousands of meters.

[0052] When the present invention drills into a hard rock formation, the down-the-hole hammer impact drilling has a large energy and high frequency, and the drilling speed is very fast and energy-saving. The working drill pressure required by the down-the-hole hammer is very small, and the structure of the shaft drill is simple, with a very small weight and a very low cost.

[0053] Other parts not described belong to the prior art.

Claims

1. A large-diameter shaft drilling rig for underwater at kilometer level, characterized in that: It includes a guide frame (1), a drill bit (2), a drill bit guide rod (3), a swing drive cylinder (4), and a rotary table (5); the top of the guide frame (1) is connected to a wire rope (11), and the bottom of the guide frame (1) is rotatably supported with a rotary table (5); One end of the drill bit guide rod (3) is hinged to the bottom of the rotary table (5), and the other end is connected to the drill bit (2). One end of the swing drive cylinder (4) is hinged to the bottom of the rotary table (5), and the other end is connected to the drill bit guide rod (3); support shoes (12) are provided on both the top side and the bottom side of the top of the guide frame (1).

2. The large-diameter shaft drilling rig for kilometers underwater according to claim 1, wherein: The drill bit (2) is a hydraulic down-the-hole hammer, a water-pressure down-the-hole hammer, an electric down-the-hole hammer, a pneumatic down-the-hole hammer, or a pick bit drill.

3. The large-diameter shaft drill for kilometers-level underwater according to claim 2, characterized in that: It further includes a first rotary drive cylinder (51) and a second rotary drive cylinder (52). The upper ends of the first rotary drive cylinder (51) and the second rotary drive cylinder (52) are both fixed to the top of the guide frame (1), and the lower ends are both wound around the circumference of the rotary table (5) by a rotary traction wire rope (53).

4. The large-diameter shaft drill for kilometers-level underwater according to claim 2, characterized in that: It further includes a rotary table rotary driver (54). The upper end of the rotary table rotary driver (54) is fixed to the bottom of the guide frame (1), and the lower end is connected to the rotary table (5).

5. A drilling method for a large-diameter shaft drill rig at a depth of one kilometer underwater, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Excavate the starting shaft (6), fill the shaft (6) with slurry for protecting the shaft wall (61) from collapsing, suspend and lower the guide frame (1) by the wire rope (11) to be close to the bottom of the shaft (6), and extend the support shoes (12) to fix the guide frame (1) on the surface of the shaft wall (61); Step 2: The swing drive cylinder (4) expands and contracts to push the drill bit guide rod (3) to swing continuously, driving the drill bit (2) to move on the surface of the rock and soil along the radial direction of the shaft (6) at the bottom of the shaft (6); When the first rotary drive cylinder (51), the second rotary drive cylinder (52), and the traction wire rope (53) are provided, the first rotary drive cylinder (51) and the second rotary drive cylinder (52) expand and contract to drive the rotary traction wire rope (53), thereby driving the rotary table (5) to rotate reciprocally, driving the drill bit (2) to rotate reciprocally in the circumferential direction of the shaft (6), and the drill bit (2) is driven by the power input from the power pipeline (73) to impact and break the rock and soil at the bottom of the shaft (6) to complete the full-face drilling of the shaft (6); When the rotary table rotary driver (54) is provided, the rotary table rotary driver (54) drives the rotary table (5) to rotate, driving the drill bit (2) to rotate in the circumferential direction of the shaft (6), and the drill bit (2) is driven by the power input from the power pipeline (73) to impact and break the rock and soil at the bottom of the shaft (6) to complete the full-face drilling of the shaft (6); Step 3: The slag discharge pipe (71) sucks the drill slag at the bottom of the drill bit (2) and discharges it to the ground through the slag discharge pipe (71), and the guide frame (1) is lowered during drilling to continue drilling downward; Step 4: After the drilling of the shaft (6) is completed, use the open caisson method to sink the prefabricated shaft sections to the bottom of the shaft (6), and inject cement slurry outside the shaft to fill the gap outside the shaft to complete the construction of the shaft.

6. A drilling method for a large-diameter shaft drilling rig at a depth of one thousand meters underwater according to claim 5, characterized in that: An inclinometer and an azimuth instrument are installed on the guide frame (1), and information is transmitted to the ground through a signal cable (72). The telescopic amount of the support shoe (12) is controlled by ground equipment to complete the measurement and deviation correction of the spatial position of the guide frame (1), ensuring accurate drilling diameter size and accurate spatial direction.

7. A drilling method for a large-diameter shaft drill at a depth of one thousand meters underwater according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the drill bit (2) needs to be inspected and replaced, the synchronous lifting wire rope (11), power pipeline (73), signal cable (72), and slag discharge pipe (71) are used to lift the drill bit (2) to the ground for equipment inspection and maintenance.

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