Tunnel waterproof and drainage structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel water prevention and drainage, in particular to a tunnel water prevention and drainage structure which comprises a foundation layer, a primary support and a secondary lining, a composite filter layer, a wave-shaped water guide plate and a waterproof layer are sequentially arranged between the primary support and the secondary lining, the composite filter layer is located on the side facing the primary support, and the waterproof layer is located on the side facing the secondary lining. The composite filter layer comprises a hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grating, a graded gravel layer and permeable geotextile which are arranged in sequence, the hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grating is located on the side facing the primary support, the permeable geotextile is located on the side facing the corrugated water guide plate, longitudinal blind pipes are arranged on the two sides of the foundation layer, and drainage holes are formed in the longitudinal blind pipes; two ends of the wave-shaped water guide plate are arranged close to the drainage hole; sediment and rock debris with different particle sizes can be effectively intercepted, the possibility that fine particles enter the longitudinal blind pipe is reduced from the source, the risk that a drainage channel is blocked is reduced, and the long-term stability and reliability of a drainage system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel drainage and prevention, and in particular to a tunnel drainage and prevention structure. Background Art

[0002] In tunnel engineering, an effective drainage system is the key to ensuring structural safety and durability. Traditional tunnel drainage structures usually use longitudinal blind pipes such as spring tubes and corrugated tubes wrapped with non-woven filter layers. Their core function is to intercept the sediment and rock debris carried by the surrounding rock seepage and guide the water flow out. However, such structures have exposed significant defects in long-term operation.

[0003] The pore size accuracy of the non-woven filter layer is limited, and it can only intercept larger particles of impurities. Fine particles such as fine sand and rock debris carried by groundwater will still penetrate the filter layer and enter the blind pipe. Over time, these impurities gradually accumulate in the pores and inner walls of the blind pipe, causing the effective water-passing section of the drainage channel to continue to shrink, and the drainage efficiency to decrease year by year, eventually leading to drainage failure, resulting in water accumulation behind the lining, structural erosion and other diseases. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel drainage structure to reduce the risk of drainage channel blockage and improve the long-term stability and reliability of the drainage system.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A tunnel drainage structure comprises a foundation layer, an initial support and a secondary lining, wherein a composite filter layer, a corrugated water guide plate and a waterproof layer are sequentially arranged between the initial support and the secondary lining, wherein the composite filter layer is located on the side facing the initial support, and the waterproof layer is located on the side facing the secondary lining, and the composite filter layer comprises a hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grid, a graded gravel layer and a permeable geotextile sequentially arranged, wherein the hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grid is located on the side facing the initial support, and the permeable geotextile is located on the side facing the corrugated water guide plate, longitudinal blind pipes are arranged on both sides of the foundation layer, drainage holes are opened on the longitudinal blind pipes, and both ends of the corrugated water guide plate are arranged close to the drainage holes.

[0006] Furthermore, the graded gravel layer includes a coarse gravel layer and a fine gravel layer, the coarse gravel layer is arranged close to the hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grid, the fine gravel layer is arranged close to the corrugated water guide plate, and a fiberglass mesh cloth is arranged between the coarse gravel layer and the fine gravel layer.

[0007] Furthermore, the hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grating is fixed to the initial supporting layer by expansion bolts, and permeable ceramsite is filled between the hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grating and the initial supporting layer.

[0008] Furthermore, the cross-section of the corrugated water guide plate is wavy. A V-shaped water guide groove is formed on the upper surface of the trough of the corrugated water guide plate, and the V-shaped water guide groove is arranged opposite to the drain hole. A diversion rib is arranged at the peak of the corrugated water guide plate, and the cross-section of the diversion rib is triangular.

[0009] Furthermore, the cross-section of the drain hole is of a T-shaped structure.

[0010] Furthermore, a spiral diversion plate is arranged inside the vertical section of the drain hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the waterproof layer is a thermoplastic polyolefin self-adhesive waterproof coiled material.

[0012] Furthermore, a polyethylene foam board is arranged between the waterproof layer and the corrugated water guide plate.

[0013] Furthermore, a water swelling water stop strip is arranged between the longitudinal blind pipe, the primary support and the corrugated water guide plate, and the drain hole is located inside the water swelling water stop strip.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In the present invention, the composite filter layer adopts a combination of a hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grille, a graded gravel layer and a permeable geotextile, which can achieve multi-stage filtration. Compared with the traditional single non-woven fabric filter layer, this composite structure can effectively intercept sediment and rock debris with different particle sizes, reduce the possibility of fine particles entering the longitudinal blind pipe from the source, reduce the risk of blockage of the drainage channel, and improve the long-term stability and reliability of the drainage system. At the same time, the combined setting of the corrugated water guide plate and the longitudinal blind pipe can guide the water flow more efficiently, quickly discharge the water filtered by the composite filter layer into the longitudinal blind pipe through the drain hole, improve the drainage efficiency, and reduce the occurrence probability of diseases such as water accumulation behind the lining and structural erosion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is Figure 1 an enlarged schematic view of part A in Figure 3 is Figure 1 an enlarged schematic view of part B in Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the corrugated water guide plate in the present invention; Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the corrugated water guide plate in the present invention.

[0016] Reference numerals: 1. Subgrade layer; 2. Primary support; 3. Secondary lining; 4. Corrugated water guide plate; 41. V-shaped water guide groove; 42. Flow guiding ribs; 5. Waterproof layer; 6. Hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grille; 7. Permeable geotextile; 8. Longitudinal blind pipe; 801. Drainage hole; 81. Spiral flow guiding plate; 9. Coarse gravel layer; 10. Fine gravel layer; 11. Fiberglass mesh cloth; 12. Permeable ceramsite; 13. Polyethylene foam board; 14. Water-swelling waterstop strip. Detailed implementation manners

[0017] For the convenience of understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below in combination with embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The content mentioned in the implementation manners does not limit the present invention. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] As Figures 1 to 5 shown, a tunnel waterproof and drainage structure includes a subgrade layer 1, a primary support 2 and a secondary lining 3. A composite filter layer, a corrugated water guide plate 4 and a waterproof layer 5 are sequentially arranged between the primary support 2 and the secondary lining 3. The composite filter layer is located on the side facing the primary support 2, and the waterproof layer 5 is located on the side facing the secondary lining 3. The composite filter layer includes a hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grille 6, a graded gravel layer and a permeable geotextile 7 arranged in sequence. The hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grille 6 is located on the side facing the primary support 2, and the permeable geotextile 7 is located on the side facing the corrugated water guide plate 4. Longitudinal blind pipes 8 are arranged on both sides of the subgrade layer 1, drainage holes 801 are formed in the longitudinal blind pipes 8, and both ends of the corrugated water guide plate 4 are arranged close to the drainage holes 801.

[0019] The graded gravel layer includes a coarse gravel layer 9 and a fine gravel layer 10. The coarse gravel layer 9 is arranged close to the hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grille 6, and the fine gravel layer 10 is arranged close to the corrugated water guide plate 4. A fiberglass mesh cloth 11 is arranged between the coarse gravel layer 9 and the fine gravel layer 10; the coarse gravel layer 9 can first intercept larger particles of impurities and play a role in preliminary filtration; the fine gravel layer 10 can further intercept smaller particles to achieve more refined filtration; the fiberglass mesh cloth 11 can prevent the two layers of gravel from mixing with each other, ensure the stability and continuity of the filtration effect, further enhance the filtration performance of the composite filter layer, and reduce the amount of sediment entering the longitudinal blind pipe 8.

[0020] The hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grille 6 is fixed on the primary support 2 layer by expansion bolts, and permeable ceramsite 12 is filled between the hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grille 6 and the primary support 2 layer; the arrangement of the permeable ceramsite 12 improves the filtration effect.

[0021] The cross-section of the corrugated water guide plate 4 is corrugated. A V-shaped water guide groove 41 is formed on the upper surface of the trough of the corrugated water guide plate 4. The V-shaped water guide groove 41 is arranged opposite to the drain hole 801. A flow guide rib 42 is arranged at the peak of the corrugated water guide plate 4, and the cross-section of the flow guide rib 42 is triangular. The V-shaped water guide groove 41 can more effectively converge water flow, accurately guide the water flow to the drain hole 801, and improve the efficiency of the water flow entering the longitudinal blind pipe 8. The flow guide rib 42 can guide the water flow to flow towards the trough, enhancing the drainage effect.

[0022] The cross-section of the drain hole 801 is of a T-shaped structure. A spiral flow guide plate 81 is arranged inside the vertical section of the drain hole 801. The water flow enters through the horizontal section of the drain hole 801 from the corrugated water guide plate 4. When passing through the vertical section, the flow velocity accelerates due to the cross-section contraction. The spiral flow guide plate 81 guides the water flow to spiral into the longitudinal blind pipe 8, and the kinetic energy is converted into a swirl. This flow mode can increase the scouring force of the water flow, reduce the sediment deposition in the drain hole 801, further reduce the risk of blockage of the drain hole 801, and ensure the smooth drainage.

[0023] The waterproof layer 5 is a thermoplastic polyolefin self-adhesive waterproofing membrane.

[0024] A polyethylene foam board 13 is arranged between the waterproof layer 5 and the corrugated water guide plate 4. The polyethylene foam board 13 has the functions of buffering and heat insulation, can reduce the extrusion and friction of the corrugated water guide plate 4 on the waterproof layer 5, and protect the waterproof layer 5 from damage.

[0025] A water-swelling waterstop strip 14 is arranged between the longitudinal blind pipe 8, the primary support 2 and the corrugated water guide plate 4. The drain hole 801 is located inside the water-swelling waterstop strip 14. The water-swelling waterstop strip 14 will swell after encountering water, filling the gap between the longitudinal blind pipe 8 and the surrounding structure, preventing water from leaking through the gap, improving the sealing performance of the entire waterproof and drainage system, and further enhancing the waterproof and drainage effect.

[0026] The corrugated water guide plate is made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) material.

[0027] Working principle: The seepage water in the tunnel surrounding rock first passes through the composite filter layer. The hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grille 6 plays a role in preliminary support and intercepting large-particle impurities. The permeable ceramsite 12 further filters the water flow and at the same time evenly disperses the water flow. Then, the water flow sequentially passes through the coarse gravel layer 9 and the fine gravel layer 10 of the graded gravel layer. The coarse gravel layer 9 intercepts larger sediment particles, and the fine gravel layer 10 intercepts finer particles. The fiberglass mesh cloth 11 between the two layers ensures the stability of the gravel layer structure and makes the filtering effect more stable and lasting. Finally, the water flow passes through the permeable geotextile 7. The permeable geotextile 7 conducts fine filtration to remove the remaining fine impurities and ensures that the water flow entering the subsequent drainage structure is relatively clean. The water flow filtered by the composite filter layer enters the corrugated water guide plate 4. Under the guidance of the wave crest diversion ribs 42, it flows to the V-shaped water guide groove 41 at the wave trough. The V-shaped water guide groove 41 converges and guides the water flow to the drainage hole 801 of the longitudinal blind pipe 8. The spiral diversion plate 81 in the drainage hole 801 makes the water flow form a spiral flow, flushing the drainage hole 801 to prevent blockage. The water flow enters the longitudinal blind pipe 8 through the drainage hole 801 and is finally discharged from the tunnel. The waterproof layer 5 prevents water from penetrating into the secondary lining 3. The polyethylene foam board 13 protects the waterproof layer 5, and the water-swelling water stop strip 14 ensures the sealing between the longitudinal blind pipe 8 and the surrounding structure.

[0028] Through measures such as multi-stage filtration, efficient diversion, and reliable sealing, the present invention effectively solves the problems of easy blockage and drainage failure of the traditional tunnel drainage structure. The multi-stage filtration structure can comprehensively intercept sediment and rock debris with different particle sizes, reducing the amount of sediment entering the longitudinal blind pipe 8; the corrugated water guide plate 4 and the specially designed drainage hole can efficiently guide the water flow, improving the drainage efficiency; the settings of the waterproof layer 5, the polyethylene foam board 13, and the water-swelling water stop strip 14 ensure the sealing and durability of the waterproof and drainage system, thereby guaranteeing the safety and durability of the tunnel structure, reducing the occurrence of diseases such as water accumulation behind the lining and structural erosion, extending the service life of the tunnel, and reducing the maintenance cost of the tunnel.

[0029] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it does not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention is disclosed above in a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, when making some changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to obtain equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change, and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical concept of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel waterproof and drainage structure, comprising a ground base layer (1), a primary support (2) and a secondary lining (3), characterized in that: A composite filter layer, a corrugated water guide plate (4) and a waterproof layer (5) are sequentially arranged between the primary support (2) and the secondary lining (3). The composite filter layer is located on the side facing the primary support (2), and the waterproof layer (5) is located on the side facing the secondary lining (3). The composite filter layer includes a hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grille (6), a graded gravel layer and a permeable geotextile (7) arranged in sequence. The hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grille (6) is located on the side facing the primary support (2), and the permeable geotextile (7) is located on the side facing the corrugated water guide plate (4). Longitudinal blind pipes (8) are arranged on both sides of the ground base layer (1), drainage holes (801) are formed in the longitudinal blind pipes (8), and both ends of the corrugated water guide plate (4) are arranged close to the drainage holes (801).

2. The tunnel waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The graded gravel layer includes a coarse gravel layer (9) and a fine gravel layer (10). The coarse gravel layer (9) is arranged close to the hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grille (6), the fine gravel layer (10) is arranged close to the corrugated water guide plate (4), and a fiberglass grid cloth (11) is arranged between the coarse gravel layer (9) and the fine gravel layer (10).

3. The tunnel waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grille (6) is fixed on the primary support (2) layer by expansion bolts, and permeable ceramsite (12) is filled between the hot-dip galvanized steel-plastic grille (6) and the primary support (2) layer.

4. The tunnel waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, wherein: The cross section of the corrugated water guide plate (4) is wavy. A V-shaped water guide groove (41) is formed on the upper surface of the wave trough of the corrugated water guide plate (4). The V-shaped water guide groove (41) is arranged opposite to the drainage holes (801). Flow guide ribs (42) are arranged at the wave peaks of the corrugated water guide plate (4), and the cross section of the flow guide ribs (42) is triangular.

5. The tunnel waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the drainage hole (801) is of a T-shaped structure.

6. The tunnel waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: A spiral flow guide plate (81) is arranged on the inner side of the vertical section of the drainage hole (801).

7. The tunnel waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof layer (5) is a thermoplastic polyolefin self-adhesive waterproof coiled material.

8. The tunnel waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A polyethylene foam board (13) is arranged between the waterproof layer (5) and the corrugated water guide plate (4).

9. The tunnel waterproof and drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water-swelling water stop strip (14) is arranged between the longitudinal blind pipe (8) and the primary support (2) and the corrugated water guide plate (4), and the drainage holes (801) are located inside the water-swelling water stop strip (14).

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