Supporting device for reinforcing tunnel passing karst section

Abstract

The invention discloses a supporting device for reinforcing a karst-passing section of a tunnel, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, the supporting device comprises two mounting seats, a connecting seat is arranged between the two mounting seats, and a vault supporting unit and an expansion adjusting unit are arranged above the connecting seat; a plurality of triggering assemblies and a plurality of anchor rod cylinders are arranged on the top side in the vault supporting unit. According to the device, an expansion piece drives a second gear, a rotating shaft and a lead screw to rotate through a rack, a lead screw seat drives a limiting block to move towards the interior of the anchor rod barrel, at the moment, an elastic piece drives the limiting block to move towards the outer side of the anchor rod barrel, and the mechanical meshing range of the anchor rod barrel and the inner wall of the karst section of the tunnel can be expanded; the anti-pulling force and anti-shearing capacity of the anchor rod barrel in the using process are improved in an auxiliary mode, the deeper compression arch effect can be formed, and the risk that a rock mass falls off when a tunnel passes through a karst section is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular relates to a support device for reinforcing a tunnel passing through a karst area. Background Art

[0002] A tunnel is an engineering structure buried in the ground. It is a form of human utilization of underground space. When penetrating a tunnel, different sections will appear. Among them, the karst section has a more complex environment and more dangerous rocks. In order to ensure its construction safety, the karst in the tunnel needs to be reinforced during construction.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent document (ZL202122348928.7) discloses a safety support and protection frame for highway tunnel construction, comprising a symmetrically arranged fixed plate, a hydraulic cylinder symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the fixed plate, a support box fixedly connected to the protruding end of the hydraulic cylinder, a plurality of arc-shaped plates for supporting the top of the tunnel fixedly connected to the surface of the support box away from the fixed plate, a plurality of placement slots opened in the support box, each of which is provided with a lateral support assembly, wherein the lateral support assembly comprises a motor fixedly connected to the placement slot, a gear fixedly connected to the output end of the motor, a lateral support rod slidably connected to the side wall of the placement slot, and a rack fixedly connected to the side wall of the lateral support rod and meshing with the gear, and a lateral clamping mechanism for supporting the side wall of the tunnel is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support box at one end of the lateral support rod away from the rack, which passes through the side wall of the support box, thereby solving the problem that the traditional tunnel construction safety support and protection frame has poor support effect on the side wall of the tunnel. However, during use, the device cannot reinforce and support the support frame as a whole when it is subjected to vibration and settlement, which affects the overall bearing capacity of the device and poses a safety hazard. Therefore, improvement is needed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a support device for reinforcing a tunnel passing through a karst section in order to solve the problem that the prior art is unable to reinforce and support the support frame as a whole when it is subjected to vibration and settlement during use, which affects the overall bearing capacity of the device and poses a safety hazard.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A support device for reinforcing a tunnel through a karst area, comprising two mounting seats, a connecting seat is arranged between the two mounting seats, a vault support unit and an expansion adjustment unit are arranged above the connecting seats, a plurality of trigger assemblies and a plurality of anchor rod barrels are arranged on the top side of the vault support unit, and a reinforcement assembly is arranged inside the anchor rod barrel;

[0007] The reinforcement component includes a second gear. The top of the second gear is fixedly connected to a lead screw through a rotating shaft. A lead screw seat is drivingly connected to the outer peripheral side of the lead screw. A limiting block is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral side of the lead screw seat. Both the lead screw seat and the limiting block are slidably connected inside the anchor rod tube. An elastic member is arranged on one side of the limiting block away from the lead screw seat. The other side of the elastic member is fixedly connected with a plurality of limiting blocks. The rotation of the lead screw driven by the second gear is used to adjust the reinforcement length of the limiting block extending out of the anchor rod tube.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0009] The expansion adjustment unit includes two fixed seats. The bottom of the fixed seat is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting seat. The same fixed shaft is arranged between the two fixed seats. Two second connecting seats and two third connecting seats are respectively sleeved at the center of the fixed shaft. The two second connecting seats and the two third connecting seats are arranged in an alternating array.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0011] On one side of the second connecting seat and the third connecting seat relative to the fixed shaft, a toothed disc is fixedly connected. The same first gear is meshed and connected below the two toothed discs. A rotating shaft is fixedly connected inside the first gear. The bottom end of the rotating shaft extends into the connecting seat and is fixedly connected to a driving motor. The bottom of the driving motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting seat. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected inside the connecting seat. On the side of the second connecting seat and the third connecting seat away from the fixed shaft, a third hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected. The other side of the two third hydraulic cylinders is fixedly connected to the same arc-shaped seat. On the outer peripheral side of the output shafts of the two third hydraulic cylinders, the same horizontal plate is fixedly connected. The horizontal plate is arranged below the arc-shaped seat.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0013] At the center of the top of the horizontal plate, an electric push rod is fixedly connected. The top end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to a flat plate. The flat plate is slidably connected to the outer peripheral side of the output shaft of the third hydraulic cylinder. A plurality of first arc-shaped seats are linearly arrayed on both sides of the flat plate. Inside the first arc-shaped seat, a rectangular frame is rotatably connected through a connecting shaft. Both ends of the connecting shaft extend to the outside of the first arc-shaped seat and are provided with a first limiting device.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0015] On one side of the rectangular frame away from the first arc-shaped seat, a sliding frame is slidably sealed. The other side of the sliding frame is rotatably connected to a second arc-shaped seat through a round shaft. Both ends of the round shaft extend to the outside of the second arc-shaped seat and are provided with a second limiting device. The top of the second arc-shaped seat is fixedly connected with an expansion member. The expansion member is slidably connected to the top side inside the arc-shaped seat. One side of the rectangular frame is communicated with a connecting pipe.

[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0017] One side of the second gear is meshed and connected with a rack, the rack is slidably connected inside the arc-shaped seat, one side of the rack away from the second gear extends into the expansion part and is fixedly connected with a connecting block, the other side of the connecting block is fixedly connected with a second conical block, a first conical block is arranged on one side of the second conical block away from the connecting block, first springs are arranged on both sides of the second conical block, and both sides of the first springs are fixedly connected with the second conical block and the inner wall of the expansion part respectively. A cavity is formed on one side of the expansion part opposite to the center of the arc-shaped seat.

[0018] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0019] One side of the first conical block away from the second conical block is fixedly connected with a sliding plate, the sliding plate is slidably connected inside the arc-shaped seat, the center of the top of the sliding plate is fixedly connected with a T-shaped slider, both the T-shaped slider and the sliding plate are slidably connected inside the arc-shaped seat, the bottom of the sliding plate is fixedly connected with a second spring, the other side of the second spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the arc-shaped seat, the sliding plate is slidably connected inside the cavity, and the limiting block is slidably connected inside the anchor rod barrel.

[0020] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0021] The arch top support unit includes a top protection plate. On both sides of the bottom of the top protection plate, first hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected. The bottom of the first hydraulic cylinders is fixedly connected with the top of the connecting seat. Side protection plates are arranged on both sides of the top protection plate. On the opposite sides of the two side protection plates, two second hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected respectively. One side of the second hydraulic cylinders away from the side protection plates is fixedly connected with a first connecting seat. The first connecting seat is rotatably connected to the outer peripheral side of the fixed shaft. A driving and adjusting unit is arranged between the two first connecting seats. An intermediate protection plate is arranged between the side protection plate and the top protection plate. The intermediate protection plate is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the arc-shaped seat. A plurality of anchor rod installation grooves are formed at the center of the intermediate protection plate. The anchor rod barrel is arranged inside the anchor rod installation groove.

[0022] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0023] The triggering assembly includes a triggering groove, which is located inside the intermediate protection plate and is between two adjacent anchor rod barrels. A third spring is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the inside of the triggering groove. The top of the third spring is fixedly connected with a triggering block. The triggering block is slidably sealed inside the triggering groove, and a pressure sensor is arranged inside the triggering groove.

[0024] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0025] A support base is provided below the lead screw. The support base is rotatably connected to the outer peripheral side of the rotating shaft, and the top of the support base is fixedly connected to the bottom of the middle guard plate. Vertical support units are provided on both outer sides of the mounting base, and lifting units are provided on both inner sides of the mounting base. One side of the lifting unit is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting seat through two L-shaped fixing blocks, and two quick-installation connectors are symmetrically provided on both sides of the mounting base.

[0026] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. In the present invention, through the provided reinforcement assembly, the expansion member drives the second gear, the rotating shaft, and the lead screw to rotate through the rack, so that the lead screw seat drives the limiting block to move into the interior of the anchor rod barrel. At this time, the elastic member drives the limiting block to move outward of the anchor rod barrel, which can expand the mechanical biting range between the anchor rod barrel and the inner wall of the karst section of the tunnel, assist in improving the anti-pulling force and anti-shearing ability of the anchor rod barrel during use, form a deeper compression arch effect, reduce the risk of rock mass shedding in the karst section of the tunnel, and the limiting block extending out of the anchor rod barrel can penetrate the surface broken zone of the karst section of the tunnel and transfer the load to the deep stable rock stratum. At the same time, it assists in reducing the local stress concentration phenomenon of the arch top support unit, further improving the use performance of the device.

[0028] 2. In the present invention, through the provided expansion adjustment unit, the driving motor drives the rotating shaft and the first gear to rotate, the first gear drives the two toothed discs to rotate in opposite directions, so that the second connecting seat and the third connecting seat drive the third hydraulic cylinder and the arc seat to move to the vicinity of the center position of the middle guard plate respectively. Then, the third hydraulic cylinder drives the arc seat to contact the inner peripheral side of the middle guard plate to assist in supporting it. During the upward movement of the flat plate, the expansion member will be driven to slide inside the arc seat through the first arc seat, the rectangular frame, the sliding frame, and the second arc seat, which assists in improving the inner peripheral side support effect of the middle guard plate, making the contact pressure between the middle guard plate and the tunnel inner wall more uniform, reducing the risk of local crushing, enabling the device to cope with the asymmetric load in the karst section of the tunnel, reducing the cracking risk of the arch top support unit, and thus ensuring the reinforcement and support effect of the device during use.

[0029] 3. In the present invention, through the arranged trigger assembly, when the inner wall of the karst section of the tunnel undergoes displacement due to surrounding rock relaxation, cave collapse or groundwater seepage, at this time, its inner wall will squeeze the trigger block, compress the third spring, and generate a contact pressure. The pressure sensor will transmit the signal to the external controller. At this time, the external liquid supply device will transport the liquid to the inside of the rectangular frame through the connecting pipeline, so that the liquid pressure inside the rectangular frame drives the sliding frame to apply a force to the second arc seat and the expansion member, so as to support and compensate the arc-shaped support surface on the inner peripheral side of the middle guard plate. This device can absorb part of the surrounding rock deformation energy in the karst section of the tunnel through the arranged elastic contacts, avoid the rigid support from being damaged due to excessive local deformation, and adjust the arc-shaped supporting force of the middle guard plate through pressure feedback, so that the supporting pressure distribution is more uniform, reduce stress concentration, prevent the guard plate from cracking or the anchor rod from failing, thereby effectively improving the overall performance of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is the overall three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 In the present invention Figure 1 is the partial enlarged structure schematic diagram at A;

[0032] Figure 3 is the overall three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the vault support unit in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 is the overall three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the expansion adjustment unit in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 In the present invention Figure 4 is the partial enlarged structure schematic diagram at B;

[0035] Figure 6 In the present invention Figure 4 is the partial enlarged structure schematic diagram at C;

[0036] Figure 7 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the expansion adjustment unit from another perspective in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 is the structure schematic diagram of the expansion member in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 is the overall three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the reinforcement assembly in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 10 In the present invention Figure 9 is the partial enlarged structure schematic diagram at D;

[0040] Figure 11 is the internal structure schematic diagram of the anchor rod barrel in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 12 In the present invention Figure 11 is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of the E part in the present invention.

[0042] Legend description:

[0043] 1. Mounting seat; 2. Vertical support unit; 3. Lifting unit; 4. Connecting seat; 5. Vault support unit; 501. Top protection plate; 502. First hydraulic cylinder; 503. First connecting seat; 504. Second hydraulic cylinder; 505. Side protection plate; 506. Intermediate protection plate; 6. Expansion adjustment unit; 601. Fixed seat; 602. Fixed shaft; 603. Second connecting seat; 604. Third connecting seat; 605. Tooth disc; 606. First gear; 607. Driving motor; 608. Third hydraulic cylinder; 609. Arc seat; 610. Cross plate; 611. Electric push rod; 612. Flat plate; 613. First arc seat; 614. Rectangular frame; 615. Sliding frame; 616. Second arc seat; 617. Expansion piece; 7. Reinforcement component; 701. Sliding plate; 702. T-shaped slider; 703. First conical block; 704. Second conical block; 705. Connecting block; 706. Rack; 707. Second gear; 708. Lead screw; 709. Lead screw seat; 710. Limit block; 711. Elastic member; 712. Limit block; 8. Trigger component; 801. Trigger groove; 802. Trigger block; 9. Anchor barrel. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] Please refer to Figures 1 - 12 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a support device for reinforcing a karst section of a tunnel, including two mounting seats 1, a connecting seat 4 is arranged between the two mounting seats 1, a vault support unit 5 and an expansion adjustment unit 6 are respectively arranged above the connecting seat 4, a plurality of trigger components 8 and a plurality of anchor barrels 9 are arranged on the top side inside the vault support unit 5, and a reinforcement component 7 is arranged inside the anchor barrel 9;

[0046] The reinforcement component 7 includes a second gear 707. The top of the second gear 707 is fixedly connected to a lead screw 708 through a rotating shaft. A lead screw seat 709 is drivingly connected to the outer peripheral side of the lead screw 708. A limiting block 710 is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral side of the lead screw seat 709. Both the lead screw seat 709 and the limiting block 710 are slidably connected inside the anchor rod tube 9. An elastic member 711 is provided on one side of the limiting block 710 away from the lead screw seat 709. The other side of the elastic member 711 is fixedly connected to a plurality of limiting blocks 712. The second gear 707 drives the lead screw 708 to rotate to adjust the reinforcement length of the limiting block 710 extending out of the anchor rod tube 9.

[0047] Specific implementation method: First, fix the mounting seat 1 at a suitable position inside the karst section of the tunnel, and install the angle detection unit on the outer peripheral side of the rotating shaft. Then, connect the connecting pipe at one end of the rectangular frame 614 to an external liquid supply device. After that, expand and assemble the two mounting seats 1 through quick-installation connectors. When it is necessary to reinforce and support the inner wall of the karst section of the tunnel, move the vertical support unit 2 towards the vertical inner wall of the tunnel to support the vertical end of the tunnel inner wall, support the arched top of the tunnel through the arch top support unit 5, and expand and support the arched top of the tunnel through the expansion adjustment unit 6. When the expansion member 617 expands and supports, it will drive the rack 706 to move, causing the second gear 707 to drive the lead screw 708 to rotate through the rotating shaft, causing the lead screw seat 709 to drive the limiting block 710 to move towards the inside of the anchor rod tube 9. At this time, the elastic member 711 drives the limiting block 712 to move towards the outside of the anchor rod tube 9, which can expand the mechanical biting range between the anchor rod tube 9 and the inner wall of the karst section of the tunnel, assist in improving the anti-pulling force and anti-shearing ability of the anchor rod tube 9 during use, form a deeper compression arch effect, reduce the risk of rock mass shedding in the karst section of the tunnel, and the limiting block 712 extending out of the anchor rod tube 9 can penetrate the surface broken zone of the karst section of the tunnel and transfer the load to the deep stable rock stratum. At the same time, it assists in reducing the local stress concentration phenomenon of the arch top support unit 5 and further improves the performance of the device. The shape of the limiting block 712 can be selected according to actual needs.

[0048] The expansion adjustment unit 6 includes two fixed seats 601. The bottom of the fixed seat 601 is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting seat 4. A same fixed shaft 602 is arranged between the two fixed seats 601. Two second connecting seats 603 and two third connecting seats 604 are sleeved at the center of the fixed shaft 602 respectively. The two second connecting seats 603 and the two third connecting seats 604 are distributed in an alternating array. Tooth discs 605 are fixedly connected to one side of the second connecting seat 603 and the third connecting seat 604 relative to the fixed shaft 602. A same first gear 606 is meshed and connected below the two tooth discs 605. A rotating shaft is fixedly connected inside the first gear 606. The bottom end of the rotating shaft extends into the connecting seat 4 and is fixedly connected to a driving motor 607. The bottom of the driving motor 607 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting seat 4. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected inside the connecting seat 4. Third hydraulic cylinders 608 are fixedly connected to one side of the second connecting seat 603 and the third connecting seat 604 away from the fixed shaft 602. The other sides of the two third hydraulic cylinders 608 are fixedly connected to a same arc-shaped seat 609. A same cross plate 610 is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral side of the output shafts of the two third hydraulic cylinders 608. The cross plate 610 is arranged below the arc-shaped seat 609. An electric push rod 611 is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the cross plate 610. The top end of the electric push rod 611 is fixedly connected to a flat plate 612. The flat plate 612 is slidably connected to the outer peripheral side of the output shaft of the third hydraulic cylinder 608. A plurality of first arc-shaped seats 613 are linearly arrayed on both sides of the flat plate 612. A rectangular frame 614 is rotatably connected to the inside of the first arc-shaped seat 613 through a connecting shaft. Both ends of the connecting shaft extend to the outside of the first arc-shaped seat 613 and are provided with first limiting devices. A sliding frame 615 is slidably sealed to one side of the rectangular frame 614 away from the first arc-shaped seat 613. A second arc-shaped seat 616 is rotatably connected to the other side of the sliding frame 615 through a round shaft. Both ends of the round shaft extend to the outside of the second arc-shaped seat 616 and are provided with second limiting devices. An expansion member 617 is fixedly connected to the top of the second arc-shaped seat 616. The expansion member 617 is slidably connected to the inner top side of the arc-shaped seat 609. A connecting pipe is communicated with one side of the rectangular frame 614. A rack 706 is meshed and connected to one side of the second gear 707. The rack 706 is slidably connected to the inside of the arc-shaped seat 609. The side of the rack 706 away from the second gear 707 extends into the expansion member 617 and is fixedly connected to a connecting block 705. A second conical block 704 is fixedly connected to the other side of the connecting block 705. A first conical block 703 is arranged on the side of the second conical block 704 away from the connecting block 705. First springs are arranged on both sides of the second conical block 704. The two sides of the first spring are respectively fixedly connected to the second conical block 704 and the inner wall of the expansion member 617. A cavity is formed on one side of the expansion member 617 relative to the center of the arc-shaped seat 609. A sliding plate 701 is fixedly connected to the side of the first conical block 703 away from the second conical block 704. The sliding plate 701 is slidably connected to the inside of the arc-shaped seat 609. A T-shaped slider 702 is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the sliding plate 701. The T-shaped slider 702 and the sliding plate 701 are both slidably connected to the inside of the arc-shaped seat 609.A second spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding plate 701, and the other side of the second spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped seat 609. The sliding plate 701 is slidably connected inside the cavity, and the limiting block 712 is slidably connected inside the anchor rod cylinder 9.

[0049] Specific implementation method: Start the drive motor 607 according to actual needs. Drive the rotating shaft and the first gear 606 to rotate through the drive motor 607, so that the first gear 606 drives the two toothed disks 605 to rotate in opposite directions, so that the toothed disks 605 drive the second connecting seat 603 and the third connecting seat 604 to rotate in opposite directions at the same time, so that the second connecting seat 603 and the third connecting seat 604 drive the third hydraulic cylinder 608 and the arc-shaped seat 609 to move to near the center position of the middle guard plate 506 respectively. After that, make the third hydraulic cylinder 608 drive the arc-shaped seat 609 to contact the inner peripheral side of the middle guard plate 506 to assist in supporting it. At this time, the angle detection unit will adjust the rotation angle of the rotating shaft and transmit the detected signal to the external controller. The external controller makes the electric push rod 611 drive the flat plate 612 to move upward, and the flat plate 612 will drive the expansion member 617 to slide inside the arc-shaped seat 609 through the first arc-shaped seat 613, the rectangular frame 614, the sliding frame 615 and the second arc-shaped seat 616 during the upward movement, which helps to improve the inner peripheral side support effect of the middle guard plate 506, can make the contact pressure between the middle guard plate 506 and the inner wall of the tunnel more uniform, reduce the risk of local crushing, enable the device to cope with the asymmetric load in the karst area of the tunnel, reduce the cracking risk of the arch top support unit 5, and thus ensure the reinforcement and support effect of the device during use. At the same time, when the top of the arc-shaped seat 609 contacts the middle guard plate 506, the T-shaped slider 702 will drive the sliding plate 701 and the first tapered block 703 to move downward, and the first tapered block 703 will drive the connecting block 705 and the rack 706 to move outward of the arc-shaped seat 609 during the downward movement, so that the rack 706 completes the meshing work with the second gear 707.

[0050] The vault support unit 5 includes a top guard plate 501. On both sides of the bottom of the top guard plate 501, first hydraulic cylinders 502 are fixedly connected. The bottom of the first hydraulic cylinders 502 is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting seat 4. On both sides of the top guard plate 501, side guard plates 505 are provided. On the opposite sides of the two side guard plates 505, two second hydraulic cylinders 504 are fixedly connected. On the side away from the side guard plate 505 of the second hydraulic cylinder 504, a first connecting seat 503 is fixedly connected. The first connecting seat 503 is rotatably connected to the outer peripheral side of the fixed shaft 602, and a drive adjustment unit is provided between the two first connecting seats 503. An intermediate guard plate 506 is provided between the side guard plate 505 and the top guard plate 501. The intermediate guard plate 506 is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the arc-shaped seat 609. Multiple bolt installation grooves are opened at the center of the interior of the intermediate guard plate 506. The bolt cylinder 9 is arranged inside the bolt installation groove. The trigger assembly 8 includes a trigger groove 801. The trigger groove 801 is located inside the intermediate guard plate 506 and is between two adjacent bolt cylinders 9. A third spring is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the interior of the trigger groove 801. The top of the third spring is fixedly connected to a trigger block 802. The trigger block 802 is slidably sealed inside the trigger groove 801, and a pressure sensor is arranged inside the trigger groove 801. A support seat is provided below the lead screw 708. The support seat is rotatably connected to the outer peripheral side of the rotating shaft, and the top of the support seat is fixedly connected to the bottom of the intermediate guard plate 506. Vertical support units 2 are provided on both outer sides of the mounting seat 1. Lifting units 3 are provided on both sides of the interior of the mounting seat 1. One side of the lifting unit 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting seat 4 through two L-shaped fixing blocks. Two quick-installation connectors are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the mounting seat 1.

[0051] Specific implementation manner: The lifting unit 3 drives the connecting seat 4 and the vault support unit 5 to move upward. When the vault support unit 5 moves to the position at the center of the tunnel vault, the first hydraulic cylinder 502 and the drive adjustment unit are started simultaneously according to actual needs. The first hydraulic cylinder 502 drives the top protection plate 501 to move towards the top of the tunnel, and the drive adjustment unit drives the second hydraulic cylinder 504 and the side protection plate 505 to rotate. When the bottom of the side protection plate 505 contacts the bottom of the vertical support unit 2, the middle protection plate 506 is installed according to the actual size of the tunnel, and the middle protection plate 506 is located between the top protection plate 501 and the side protection plate 505, so that the top protection plate 501, the side protection plate 505 and the middle protection plate 506 can be adjusted to fit according to the actual size of the tunnel. The actual use width of the top protection plate 501 and the side protection plate 505 can be set according to actual needs, and the middle protection plate 506 can be set as a telescopic joint according to actual needs. One end of the middle protection plate 506 is fixedly connected to the top protection plate 501 or the side protection plate 505, and the other side of the middle protection plate 506 is slidably connected inside the top protection plate 501 or the side protection plate 505. This technology is an existing known and publicly disclosed technology, so there is not much elaboration in this application. After the installation of the middle protection plate 506 is completed, the anchor rod cylinder 9 is located inside the pre-opened embedded groove of the tunnel at this time. The trigger block 802, the third spring and the pressure sensor on the top side inside the arc-shaped seat 609 will detect the inner wall pressure of the tunnel passing through the karst section in real time. When the inner wall of the karst section of the tunnel undergoes displacement due to surrounding rock relaxation, cave collapse or groundwater seepage, at this time, its inner wall will squeeze the trigger block 802, compressing the third spring to generate contact pressure. The pressure sensor will transmit the signal to the external controller, and the external controller will transport the liquid to the inside of the rectangular frame 614 through the external liquid supply device and the connecting pipe, so that the liquid pressure inside the rectangular frame 614 drives the sliding frame 615 to apply a force to the second arc-shaped seat 616 and the expansion member 617 to support and compensate the arc-shaped support surface on the inner peripheral side of the middle protection plate 506. This device can absorb part of the surrounding rock deformation energy in the karst section of the tunnel through the provided elastic contacts, avoiding the damage of the rigid support due to excessive local deformation, and adjusting the arc-shaped support force of the middle protection plate 506 through pressure feedback, making the support pressure distribution more uniform, reducing stress concentration, preventing the protection plate from cracking or the anchor rod from failing, thereby effectively improving the overall performance of the device.

[0052] Working principle: When in use, first fix the mounting base 1 at a suitable position inside the karst section of the tunnel, and install the angle detection unit on the outer peripheral side of the rotating shaft. Then connect the connecting pipe at one end of the rectangular frame 614 to an external liquid supply device. After that, expand and assemble and connect the two mounting bases 1 through quick-release connectors. When it is necessary to reinforce and support the inner wall of the karst section of the tunnel, move the vertical support unit 2 towards the vertical inner wall of the tunnel to support the vertical end of the tunnel inner wall. Make the lifting unit 3 drive the connecting seat 4 and the vault support unit 5 to move upward. When the vault support unit 5 moves to the position at the center of the tunnel vault, start the first hydraulic cylinder 502 and the drive adjustment unit simultaneously according to actual needs. The first hydraulic cylinder 502 will drive the top protection plate 501 to move towards the top of the tunnel, and the drive adjustment unit will drive the second hydraulic cylinder 504 and the side protection plate 505 to rotate. When the bottom of the side protection plate 505 contacts the bottom of the vertical support unit 2, install the middle protection plate 506 according to the actual size of the tunnel, so that the middle protection plate 506 is located between the top protection plate 501 and the side protection plate 505, so that the top protection plate 501, the side protection plate 505 and the middle protection plate 506 can be adjusted to fit according to the actual size of the tunnel. When the installation of the middle protection plate 506 is completed, at this time, the anchor rod cylinder 9 will be located inside the pre-opened embedded groove of the tunnel;

[0053] After that, start the drive motor 607 according to actual needs. Drive the rotating shaft and the first gear 606 to rotate through the drive motor 607, so that the first gear 606 drives the two toothed discs 605 to rotate in opposite directions, so that the toothed discs 605 drive the second connecting seat 603 and the third connecting seat 604 to rotate in opposite directions at the same time, so that the second connecting seat 603 and the third connecting seat 604 drive the third hydraulic cylinder 608 and the arc seat 609 to move to the vicinity of the center position of the middle protection plate 506 respectively. After that, make the third hydraulic cylinder 608 drive the arc seat 609 to contact the inner peripheral side of the middle protection plate 506 to assist in supporting it. At this time, the angle detection unit will adjust the rotation angle of the rotating shaft and transmit the detected signal to the external controller. The external controller makes the electric push rod 611 drive the flat plate 612 to move upward, and the flat plate 612 will drive the expansion part 617 to slide inside the arc seat 609 through the first arc seat 613, the rectangular frame 614, the sliding frame 615 and the second arc seat 616 during the upward movement process, which helps to improve the inner peripheral side support effect of the middle protection plate 506;

[0054] Meanwhile, during the contact between the top of the arc seat 609 and the middle guard plate 506, the T-shaped slider 702 will drive the sliding plate 701 and the first tapered block 703 to move downward. During the downward movement of the first tapered block 703, it will drive the connecting block 705 and the rack 706 to move outward of the arc seat 609 through the second tapered block 704, so that the rack 706 completes the meshing work with the second gear 707. At the same time, the expansion member 617 will drive the rack 706 to move, so that the second gear 707 drives the lead screw 708 to rotate through the rotating shaft, and the lead screw seat 709 drives the limit block 710 to move into the interior of the anchor rod barrel 9. At this time, the elastic member 711 drives the limit block 712 to move outward of the anchor rod barrel 9, which can expand the mechanical biting range between the anchor rod barrel 9 and the inner wall of the karst section of the tunnel.

[0055] The trigger block 802, the third spring and the pressure sensor on the inner top side of the arc seat 609 will detect the inner wall pressure of the karst section of the tunnel in real time. When the inner wall of the karst section of the tunnel is displaced due to surrounding rock relaxation, cave collapse or groundwater seepage, at this time its inner wall will squeeze the trigger block 802, compress the third spring, generate contact pressure, and the pressure sensor will transmit the signal to the external controller. The external controller transports the liquid to the inside of the rectangular frame 614 through the external liquid supply device and the connecting pipeline, so that the liquid pressure inside the rectangular frame 614 drives the sliding frame 615 to apply a force to the second arc seat 616 and the expansion member 617, so as to support and compensate the arc-shaped supporting surface on the inner circumferential side of the middle guard plate 506, which is convenient to use.

[0056] The above is only the preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention and its inventive concept, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A support device for reinforcing a tunnel passing through a karst section, comprising two mounting seats (1), characterized in that: A connecting seat (4) is arranged between the two mounting seats (1). Above the connecting seat (4), a vault support unit (5) and an expansion adjustment unit (6) are respectively arranged. Inside the top side of the vault support unit (5), a plurality of trigger components (8) and a plurality of anchor rod cylinders (9) are arranged. Inside the anchor rod cylinder (9), a reinforcement component (7) is arranged; The reinforcement component (7) includes a second gear (707). The top of the second gear (707) is fixedly connected to a lead screw (708) through a rotating shaft. The outer peripheral side of the lead screw (708) is in transmission connection with a lead screw seat (709). The outer peripheral side of the lead screw seat (709) is fixedly connected with a limiting block (710). Both the lead screw seat (709) and the limiting block (710) are slidably connected inside the anchor rod cylinder (9). On one side of the limiting block (710) away from the lead screw seat (709), an elastic member (711) is arranged. The other side of the elastic member (711) is fixedly connected with a plurality of limiting blocks (712). By driving the lead screw (708) to rotate through the second gear (707), the reinforcement length of the limiting block (710) extending out of the anchor rod cylinder (9) is adjusted.

2. The support device for strengthening karst sections of tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expansion adjustment unit (6) includes two fixed seats (601). The bottom of the fixed seat (601) is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting seat (4). Between the two fixed seats (601), the same fixed shaft (602) is arranged. At the center of the fixed shaft (602), two second connecting seats (603) and two third connecting seats (604) are respectively sleeved. The two second connecting seats (603) and the two third connecting seats (604) are arranged in an alternating array.

3. The support device for strengthening karst areas in tunnel sections according to claim 2, wherein: On one side of the second connecting seat (603) and the third connecting seat (604) relative to the fixed shaft (602), a toothed disc (605) is fixedly connected. Below the two toothed discs (605), the same first gear (606) is meshed. Inside the first gear (606), a rotating shaft is fixedly connected. The bottom end of the rotating shaft extends into the connecting seat (4) and is fixedly connected to a driving motor (607). The bottom of the driving motor (607) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting seat (4). The rotating shaft is rotatably connected inside the connecting seat (4). On one side of the second connecting seat (603) and the third connecting seat (604) away from the fixed shaft (602), a third hydraulic cylinder (608) is fixedly connected. On the other side of the two third hydraulic cylinders (608), the same arc-shaped seat (609) is fixedly connected. On the outer peripheral side of the output shafts of the two third hydraulic cylinders (608), the same cross plate (610) is fixedly connected. The cross plate (610) is arranged below the arc-shaped seat (609).

4. The support device for reinforcing a karst section in a tunnel according to claim 3, wherein: At the center of the top of the cross plate (610), an electric push rod (611) is fixedly connected. The top of the electric push rod (611) is fixedly connected with a flat plate (612). The flat plate (612) is slidably connected to the outer peripheral side of the output shaft of the third hydraulic cylinder (608). A plurality of first arc seats (613) are linearly arranged on both sides of the flat plate (612). Inside the first arc seat (613), a rectangular frame (614) is rotatably connected through a connecting shaft. Both ends of the connecting shaft extend to the outside of the first arc seat (613) and are provided with a first limiting device.

5. The support device for strengthening karst sections of tunnel according to claim 4, wherein: On one side of the rectangular frame (614) away from the first arc seat (613), a sliding frame (615) is slidably sealed. On the other side of the sliding frame (615), a second arc seat (616) is rotatably connected through a round shaft. Both ends of the round shaft extend to the outside of the second arc seat (616) and are provided with a second limiting device. The top of the second arc seat (616) is fixedly connected with an extension piece (617). The extension piece (617) is slidably connected to the top side inside the arc seat (609). One side of the rectangular frame (614) is communicated with a connecting pipe.

6. The support device for reinforcing a karst section in a tunnel according to claim 5, wherein: On one side of the second gear (707), a rack (706) is meshed and connected. The rack (706) is slidably connected inside the arc seat (609). The side of the rack (706) away from the second gear (707) extends into the extension piece (617) and is fixedly connected with a connecting block (705). On the other side of the connecting block (705), a second conical block (704) is fixedly connected. On the side of the second conical block (704) away from the connecting block (705), a first conical block (703) is arranged. On both sides of the second conical block (704), a first spring is arranged. Both sides of the first spring are fixedly connected with the second conical block (704) and the inner wall of the extension piece (617) respectively. A cavity is formed on one side of the extension piece (617) opposite to the center of the arc seat (609).

7. A support device for strengthening a karst section in a tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that: On the side of the first conical block (703) away from the second conical block (704), a sliding plate (701) is fixedly connected. The sliding plate (701) is slidably connected inside the arc seat (609). At the center of the top of the sliding plate (701), a T-shaped slider (702) is fixedly connected. The T-shaped slider (702) and the sliding plate (701) are both slidably connected inside the arc seat (609). At the bottom of the sliding plate (701), a second spring is fixedly connected. The other side of the second spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the arc seat (609). The sliding plate (701) is slidably connected inside the cavity. The limiting block (712) is slidably connected inside the anchor rod cylinder (9).

8. The support device for reinforcing karst sections in a tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vault support unit (5) includes a top protection plate (501). On both sides of the bottom of the top protection plate (501), first hydraulic cylinders (502) are fixedly connected. The bottoms of the first hydraulic cylinders (502) are fixedly connected to the top of the connecting seat (4). On both sides of the top protection plate (501), side protection plates (505) are provided. On the opposite sides of the two side protection plates (505), two second hydraulic cylinders (504) are fixedly connected. On the side away from the side protection plate (505) of the second hydraulic cylinder (504), a first connecting seat (503) is fixedly connected. The first connecting seat (503) is rotatably connected to the outer peripheral side of the fixed shaft (602), and a drive adjustment unit is provided between the two first connecting seats (503). An intermediate protection plate (506) is provided between the side protection plate (505) and the top protection plate (501). The intermediate protection plate (506) is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the arc-shaped seat (609). A plurality of bolt installation grooves are formed at the center of the interior of the intermediate protection plate (506). The bolt cylinder (9) is arranged inside the bolt installation groove.

9. The support device for strengthening a tunnel passing through a karst area according to claim 8, characterized in that: The trigger assembly (8) includes a trigger groove (801). The trigger groove (801) is located inside the intermediate protection plate (506) and is between two adjacent bolt cylinders (9). A third spring is fixedly connected to the bottom side of the interior of the trigger groove (801). The top of the third spring is fixedly connected to a trigger block (802). The trigger block (802) is slidably sealed inside the trigger groove (801), and a pressure sensor is arranged inside the trigger groove (801).

10. A support device for strengthening a tunnel passing through a karst area according to claim 8, characterized in that: A support seat is provided below the lead screw (708). The support seat is rotatably connected to the outer peripheral side of the rotating shaft, and the top of the support seat is fixedly connected to the bottom of the intermediate protection plate (506). Vertical support units (2) are provided on both outer sides of the mounting seat (1). Lifting units (3) are provided on both sides of the interior of the mounting seat (1). One side of the lifting unit (3) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting seat (4) through two L-shaped fixing blocks. Two quick-installation connectors are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the mounting seat (1).

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