Tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on shallow slot interval and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on a shallow slot interval and a control method, and relates to the technical field of tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust, and the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system comprises a station natural ventilation opening which is arranged above a station rail-mounted area and is used for station ventilation; the section natural ventilation openings are formed in the two ends, close to the sections, of the station and used for section ventilation; the jet fans are arranged on the two sides of the interval close to the communication position of the station or the left line position and the right line position 100 m away from the natural ventilation opening of the interval and used for air distribution under the accident working condition. Through cooperative work of the station natural ventilation openings and the interval natural ventilation openings which are optimally designed and the jet fans, the ventilation requirement during normal operation of the shallow slot interval tunnel is met, the effective airflow direction can be rapidly organized under the blocking and fire working conditions, the smoke control effect is ensured, meanwhile, the open low ventilation pavilion design is adopted, and the ventilation effect is improved. On the premise of guaranteeing the ventilation and smoke exhaust effects, civil engineering investment and operation energy consumption are remarkably reduced, and unification of economical efficiency, safety and environment friendliness is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust, in particular to a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system and control method based on a shallow trough section. Background Art

[0002] The tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust technology is a key system to ensure the safe operation of tunnels, which realizes the dual functions of daily ventilation and fire smoke exhaust by scientifically organizing the air flow. Therefore, how to use advanced technical means to improve the intelligent level and safety of tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust has become one of the urgent problems to be solved at present.

[0003] In the technical field of tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust, the ventilation design of the underground section of modern tramways mostly refers to the subway specifications. However, due to the low speed, small passenger capacity, and short body of tramways, there are significant differences in their ventilation requirements compared with subways. At the same time, the tunnel form of tramways is mostly shallow trough sections, which is somewhat different from the commonly used shield form of subways. Traditional mechanical ventilation schemes have problems such as high initial investment and large operation and maintenance costs, while the key parameters of natural ventilation schemes lack targeted research, resulting in unstable ventilation effects in actual projects. In addition, the existing technology has not formed a systematic solution for the ventilation control mode in accident conditions such as fires and blockages. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on a shallow trough section to solve problems such as unclear modern tramway specifications, lack of ventilation and smoke exhaust system solutions, and lack of detailed parameters for natural ventilation.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on a shallow trough section, which includes:

[0008] A natural ventilation opening for the station, which is arranged above the track area of the station and is used for station ventilation;

[0009] Natural ventilation openings for the section, which are arranged at both ends of the station near the section and are used for section ventilation;

[0010] Jet fans, which are arranged on both sides of the section near the connection with the station or at the left and right line positions 100 m from the natural ventilation opening of the section, and are used for air flow organization under accident conditions.

[0011] As a preferred scheme of the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on a shallow trough section according to the present invention, wherein: both the natural ventilation opening for the station and the natural ventilation openings for the section are open low wind pavilions, the wind pavilions are 1 m above the ground and are arranged in the ground green belt.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on the shallow trough section of the present invention, wherein: the total area of the natural ventilation openings of the station is not less than 2% of the area of the station, and the area of the natural ventilation openings of the section is not less than 100 m 2 .

[0013] As a preferred solution of the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on the shallow trough section of the present invention, wherein: the number of the jet fans is not less than 2 groups, with 2 fans in each group. The diameter of a single jet fan 3 is Φ1000, and the power is 30 kW, which is applicable to the section with a length not greater than 2000 m.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on the shallow trough section of the present invention, wherein: the horizontal distance between the smoke exhaust opening position of the natural ventilation opening of the station and the farthest smoke exhaust point does not exceed 30 m.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on the shallow trough section of the present invention, wherein: the area of the natural ventilation opening of the section is set to meet the normal operation and accident ventilation and smoke exhaust requirements of the underground section with a cross-sectional area of about 20 m 2 for the left and right.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on the shallow trough section of the present invention, wherein: the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system further includes a station platform arranged in the tunnel, and the station platform is provided with half-height safety doors for isolating the track area from the platform area.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on the shallow trough section of the present invention, wherein: the natural ventilation openings of the station and the section adopt the form of open low wind pavilions, the height of the wind pavilions is 1 m, and they are all arranged in the ground green belt.

[0018] In the second aspect, the present invention provides a control method for a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on a shallow trough section, including:

[0019] During normal operation, all jet fans are turned off, and the ventilation and air change are carried out by using the piston wind of the train and the natural ventilation openings of the station and the section;

[0020] During blockage, all jet fans in the accident line of the blocked section are turned on, and the air supply direction is from the small mileage end to the large mileage end;

[0021] During a head fire, all jet fans in the accident line of the fire section are turned on, the air supply direction is the same as the driving direction, at the same time, a group of jet fans in the non-accident line are turned on, the air supply direction is the same as that of the accident line, and all jet fans in the adjacent section in the head direction are turned on, and the air supply direction is opposite to the direction of the accident section;

[0022] When a fire occurs at the rear of the train, all jet fans in the accident line section of the fire area are turned on, and the air supply direction is opposite to the train running direction. At the same time, a group of jet fans in the non-accident line section are turned on, and the air supply direction is opposite to the accident line section. All jet fans in the adjacent section in the direction of the rear of the train are turned on, and the air supply direction is the same as the accident section direction.

[0023] As a preferred solution of the control method of the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on the shallow trough section of the present invention, among them: the specific air supply direction from the small mileage end to the large mileage end is that when the train is blocked in the section, the air flow generated by the jet fan flows from the tunnel end with a smaller line mileage to the tunnel end with a larger mileage, forming a one-way ventilation air flow.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Through the coordinated operation of the optimized designed natural ventilation openings of the station and the natural ventilation openings of the section and the jet fans, it not only meets the ventilation requirements during the normal operation of the shallow trough section tunnel, but also can quickly organize an effective air flow direction under the conditions of blockage and fire, ensuring the smoke control effect. At the same time, the open low air vent design is adopted, which significantly reduces the civil engineering investment and operation energy consumption on the premise of ensuring the ventilation and smoke exhaust effect, realizing the unity of economy, safety and environmental friendliness. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on a shallow trough section in Embodiment 1.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the air flow organization in the blocked condition in Embodiment 1.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the air flow organization in the head fire condition in Embodiment 1.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the air flow organization in the rear fire condition in Embodiment 1.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a flow chart of the control method of a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on a shallow trough section in Embodiment 1.

[0031] Among them: 1. Natural ventilation opening of the station; 2. Natural ventilation opening of the section; 3. Jet fan; 4. Station platform; 5. Half-height safety door. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] To make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following detailed description of the specific implementation manners of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0033] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0034] Secondly, the so-called "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation manner of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an individual or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0035] Embodiment 1. Refer to Figure 1 - Figure 5 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on a shallow groove section, including:

[0036] A natural ventilation opening 1 of the station, which is arranged above the track area of the station and is used for station ventilation;

[0037] A natural ventilation opening 2 of the section, which is arranged at both ends of the station near the section and is used for section ventilation;

[0038] A jet fan 3, which is arranged on both sides of the section near the connection with the station or at the left and right line positions 100 m away from the natural ventilation opening of the section, and is used for air flow organization under accident conditions;

[0039] Furthermore, both the natural ventilation opening 1 of the station and the natural ventilation opening 2 of the section are open low air shafts, the air shafts are 1 m above the ground, and are arranged in the ground green belt;

[0040] It should be noted that this design not only ensures the ventilation efficiency, but also minimizes the impact on the ground landscape. The height of 1 m can meet the ventilation requirements and avoid visual obtrusiveness, and the green belt setting realizes the harmonious unity with the urban environment.

[0041] Furthermore, the total area of the natural ventilation opening 1 of the station is not less than 2% of the area of the station, and the area of the natural ventilation opening 2 of the section is not less than 100 m 2 ;

[0042] It should be noted that this area parameter has been strictly calculated and experimentally verified, which can ensure that the ventilation and smoke exhaust requirements can be met under normal operation and accident conditions, and at the same time avoid waste of resources.

[0043] Furthermore, the number of jet fans 3 is not less than 2 groups, with 2 fans in each group. The diameter of a single jet fan 3 is Φ1000, and the power is 30 kW, which is applicable to sections with a length not greater than 2000 m.

[0044] It should be noted that this configuration scheme has been optimized through fluid dynamics simulation, which can achieve the best energy consumption ratio while ensuring the ventilation effect. The matching of the diameter and power ensures the working efficiency of the fan.

[0045] Furthermore, the horizontal distance between the smoke exhaust opening position of the natural ventilation opening 1 of the station and the farthest smoke exhaust point does not exceed 30 m.

[0046] It should be noted that this distance limit ensures that the smoke can be discharged in time, preventing it from accumulating in the tunnel and buying precious time for personnel evacuation.

[0047] Furthermore, the area of the natural ventilation opening 2 of the section is set to meet the normal operation and accident ventilation and smoke exhaust requirements of the underground section with a cross-sectional area of about 20 m 2 or so.

[0048] It should be noted that the proportional relationship between this area and the tunnel cross-section has been verified through multiple on-site measurements, which can adapt to the special structural characteristics of the shallow groove section.

[0049] Furthermore, the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system further includes a station platform 4 arranged in the tunnel. The station platform 4 is provided with half-height safety doors 5 for isolating the track area from the platform area.

[0050] It should be noted that the design of the half-height safety doors 5 not only ensures the safety of passengers but also does not affect the air flow organization of the ventilation system.

[0051] Furthermore, the natural ventilation opening 1 of the station and the natural ventilation opening 2 of the section adopt the form of an open low air duct, with the air duct height of 1 m, and both are arranged in the ground green belt.

[0052] It should be noted that this standardized design is convenient for construction and maintenance, and the unified specification parameters are beneficial to the stability of the system operation.

[0053] This embodiment also provides a control method for the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on the shallow groove section, including:

[0054] During normal operation, all jet fans 3 are closed, and the train piston wind and the natural ventilation opening 1 of the station and the natural ventilation opening 2 of the section are used for ventilation and air exchange.

[0055] When a blockage occurs, all jet fans 3 on the accident line side of the blocked section are turned on, and the air supply direction is from the small mileage end to the large mileage end.

[0056] When there is a fire at the front of the train, turn on all the jet fans 3 on the accident line section of the fire area, with the air supply direction the same as the train running direction. At the same time, turn on a group of jet fans on the non-accident line section, with the air supply direction the same as the accident line section, and turn on all the jet fans in the adjacent section in the direction of the front of the train, with the air supply direction opposite to the accident area direction;

[0057] When there is a fire at the rear of the train, turn on all the jet fans 3 on the accident line section of the fire area, with the air supply direction opposite to the train running direction. At the same time, turn on a group of jet fans on the non-accident line section, with the air supply direction opposite to the accident line section, and turn on all the jet fans in the adjacent section in the direction of the rear of the train, with the air supply direction the same as the accident area direction;

[0058] Among them, the specific air supply direction from the small mileage end to the large mileage end is that when the train is blocked in the section, the air flow generated by the jet fan 3 flows from the tunnel end with a smaller line mileage to the tunnel end with a larger mileage, forming a unidirectional ventilation air flow.

[0059] In summary, through the coordinated operation of the optimized designed natural ventilation openings 1 at the station and the natural ventilation openings 2 in the section with the jet fans 3, the present invention not only meets the ventilation requirements during the normal operation of the shallow trough section tunnel, but also can quickly organize an effective air flow direction under the conditions of blockage and fire, ensuring the smoke control effect. At the same time, the open low air vent design is adopted, which significantly reduces the civil engineering investment and operation energy consumption on the premise of ensuring the ventilation and smoke exhaust effect, realizing the unity of economy, safety and environmental friendliness.

[0060] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on a shallow groove section, characterized in that: Including: A natural ventilation opening (1) of the station, which is arranged above the track area of the station and is used for station ventilation; Natural ventilation openings (2) of the section located at both ends of the station near the section, which are used for section ventilation; Jet fans (3), which are arranged on both sides of the section near the connection with the station or at the positions of the left and right lines 100 m away from the natural ventilation opening of the section, and are used for air flow organization under accident conditions.

2. The tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on the shallow groove interval according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the natural ventilation opening (1) of the station and the natural ventilation opening (2) of the section are open low air shafts. The air shaft is 1 m above the ground and is arranged in the ground green belt.

3. The tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on the shallow groove section according to claim 2, characterized in that: The total area of the natural ventilation openings (1) of the station is not less than 2% of the area of the station, and the area of the natural ventilation openings (2) of the section is not less than 100 m 2 .

4. The tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on a shallow groove interval according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the jet fans (3) is not less than 2 groups, with 2 fans in each group. The diameter of a single jet fan (3) is Φ1000 and the power is 30 kW, which is applicable to a section with a length not greater than 2000 m.

5. A tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on a shallow groove interval as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The horizontal distance between the smoke exhaust opening position of the natural ventilation opening (1) of the station and the farthest smoke exhaust point does not exceed 30 m.

6. The tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on the shallow groove interval according to claim 5, characterized in that: The area of the natural ventilation opening (2) in the said section is set to meet the normal operation and the requirements of ventilation and smoke exhaust in case of emergency for the underground section with a cross-sectional area of about 20 m 2 or so.

7. The tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on the shallow groove section according to claim 6, characterized in that: The tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system further includes a station platform (4) arranged in the tunnel. The station platform (4) is provided with semi-high safety doors (5) for isolating the track area from the platform area.

8. The tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on a shallow groove interval according to claim 7, characterized in that: The natural ventilation opening (1) of the station and the natural ventilation opening (2) of the section adopt the form of open low air shafts. The height of the air shaft is 1 m and they are both arranged in the ground green belt.

9. A control method for a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on a shallow groove section, based on the tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on a shallow groove section according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Including: During normal operation, all jet fans (3) are closed, and the piston wind of the train and the natural ventilation opening (1) of the station and the natural ventilation opening (2) of the section are used for ventilation and air change; When a blockage occurs, all jet fans (3) on the accident line of the blocked section are started, and the air supply direction is from the small mileage end to the large mileage end; When a fire occurs at the head of the train, all jet fans (3) on the accident line of the fire section are started, and the air supply direction is the same as the driving direction. At the same time, a group of jet fans on the non-accident line are started, and the air supply direction is the same as that of the accident line. All jet fans in the adjacent section in the head direction are started, and the air supply direction is opposite to that of the accident section; When a fire occurs at the tail of the train, all jet fans (3) on the accident line of the fire section are started, and the air supply direction is opposite to the driving direction. At the same time, a group of jet fans on the non-accident line are started, and the air supply direction is opposite to that of the accident line. All jet fans in the adjacent section in the tail direction are started, and the air supply direction is the same as that of the accident section.

10. The control method of a tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust system based on a shallow groove interval according to claim 9, characterized in that: The specific air supply direction from the small mileage end to the large mileage end is that when a blockage occurs to the train in the section, the air flow direction generated by the jet fan (3) flows from the tunnel end with a smaller line mileage number to the tunnel end with a larger mileage number, forming a unidirectional ventilation air flow.

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