Synchronization structure and gear shifting device with same

Abstract

The invention discloses a synchronizing mechanism and a gear shifting device with the same. The synchronizing mechanism comprises an output mechanism. The output mechanism comprises an output shaft and output gears arranged at the two ends of the output shaft in a sleeving mode. The synchronizing mechanism is positioned between the two output gears; wherein the synchronizing mechanism comprises a shifting fork and a combination sleeve fixedly connected with the shifting fork, a splined hub is in tooth connection with the interior of the combination sleeve, and the splined hub is in tooth connection with the output shaft; wherein sliding blocks are arranged between the combination sleeve and the splined hub in a penetrating mode, and at least three sliding blocks are distributed in the circumferential direction of the combination sleeve; wherein a synchronizing ring is arranged between the output gear and the sliding block, a first tooth tip is arranged on the side, close to the combination sleeve, of the output gear, and a second tooth tip is arranged on the side, close to the output gear, of the synchronizing ring; when the outer sections of the first tooth tip and the second tooth tip are located on the same horizontal line, the first tooth tip and the second tooth tip can penetrate through the combination sleeve.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an automotive shift synchronizer, and more particularly to a synchronization structure and a shifting device having the same. Background Art

[0002] Automatic transmission synchronous shifting devices usually adopt synchronizers. In existing spring pressing mechanisms, the forces applied to the three sliders are inconsistent, resulting in uneven contact and wear between the synchronizing ring and the inner conical surface of the engaged gear ring, reducing the contact friction torque. Generally, synchronizers press the sliders through springs, with a relatively complex structure, prone to failure after long-term use, and poor reliability. Additionally, two shifting shocks occur during the shifting process, with low shifting smoothness and also affecting the service life. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the defects existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve the problems mentioned in the above background art.

[0004] A synchronization mechanism of the present invention includes:

[0005] An output mechanism;

[0006] Wherein, the output mechanism includes an output shaft and output gears sleeved at both ends of the output shaft;

[0007] A synchronization mechanism, which is located between the two output gears;

[0008] Wherein, the synchronization mechanism includes a shift fork and a clutch sleeve fixedly connected to the shift fork. The inner teeth of the clutch sleeve are engaged with a spline hub, and the spline hub is tooth-engaged with the output shaft;

[0009] Wherein, at least three sliders are arranged circumferentially along the clutch sleeve between the clutch sleeve and the spline hub;

[0010] Wherein, a synchronizing ring is arranged between the output gear and the slider. A first tooth tip is arranged on one side of the output gear close to the clutch sleeve, and a second tooth tip is arranged on one side of the synchronizing ring close to the output gear;

[0011] Wherein, when the outer cross-sections of the first tooth tip and the second tooth tip are on the same horizontal line, they can pass through the clutch sleeve.

[0012] In a specific embodiment, the outer shape of the slider can cooperate with the inner teeth in the clutch sleeve.

[0013] In a specific embodiment, clamping grooves are formed at the bottoms of both ends of the slider, and a connecting disc is clamped in the clamping grooves. The connecting disc drives at least three sliders to move synchronously.

[0014] In a specific embodiment, the slider can linearly move along the axial direction within the spline hub keyway, and the slider can rotate around the axial direction within the groove of the synchronizer ring.

[0015] In a specific embodiment, an outer conical surface is provided on one side of the output gear close to the coupling sleeve, and an inner conical surface that can be fitted with the outer conical surface is provided at one end of the synchronizer ring close to the output gear.

[0016] In a specific embodiment, when the slider is engaged with the internal teeth of the coupling sleeve, the synchronizer ring can rotate to the middle position in the width direction of the tooth groove.

[0017] A shift device of the present invention includes the above-mentioned synchronizing mechanism and input mechanism, and the input mechanism is engaged with the output mechanism through gears.

[0018] Beneficial effects

[0019] 1. The synchronizing mechanism of the present invention is designed as an integral structure, reducing the inconsistent forces received by the three sliders due to impact vibration and other reasons during actual use, resulting in uneven contact and wear between the synchronizer ring and the inner conical surface of the engaged gear ring, improving the frictional torque of the conical surface and the service life of the shift device.

[0020] 2. The synchronizing mechanism proposed by the present invention processes a specific tooth shape on the upper part of the slider to cooperate with the tooth shape of the inner groove of the coupling sleeve, replacing the spring pressing mechanism in a single slider of a conventional synchronizer, simplifying the structure of the shift device, and at the same time avoiding the phenomenon of jamming or failure of the spring pressing mechanism during long-term use, further improving the reliability of the shift device.

[0021] 3. The cooperation between the specific tooth shape on the upper part of the slider of the synchronizing mechanism and the tooth shape of the inner groove of the coupling sleeve ensures that the synchronizer ring rotates to the middle position in the width direction of the tooth groove after synchronization, thereby reducing the primary impact force generated when the coupling sleeve passes through the synchronizer ring, making the automatic shifting process smoother, improving the shifting smoothness, and increasing the service life of the synchronizer. Description of the drawings

[0022] Figure 1 is the shift device of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is the exploded view of the synchronizing mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the synchronizing mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the coupling sleeve in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5It is a schematic structural diagram of connecting the disc and the slider in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the connecting disc in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the slider in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the synchronization structure;

[0030] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the input mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 10 It is an assembly of the combination sleeve, the slider and the spline hub in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0032]

[0033] Detailed implementation manners

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals indicate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "counterclockwise", "clockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] Embodiment

[0038] See Figures 1-10 , a synchronization mechanism of the present invention includes an output mechanism 3; wherein, the output mechanism 3 includes an output shaft 31 and output gears sleeved at both ends of the output shaft 31; a synchronization mechanism 2, the synchronization mechanism 2 is located between the two output gears; wherein, the synchronization mechanism 2 includes a fork 21 and a clutch sleeve 22 fixedly connected to the fork 21, the inner teeth of the clutch sleeve 22 are engaged with a spline hub 24, and the spline hub 24 is engaged with the output shaft 31; wherein, a slider 23 is disposed through the clutch sleeve 22 and the spline hub 24, and at least three sliders 23 are circumferentially distributed along the clutch sleeve; wherein, a synchronization ring is disposed between the output gear and the slider 23, a first tooth tip is provided on one side of the output gear close to the clutch sleeve 22, and a second tooth tip is provided on one side of the synchronization ring close to the output gear; wherein, when the outer cross-sections of the first tooth tip and the second tooth tip are on the same horizontal line, they can pass through the clutch sleeve 22.

[0039] See Figures 1-8 , grooves are formed at the bottoms of both ends of the slider 23, a connection disk is clamped in the grooves, and the connection disk drives at least three sliders 23 to move synchronously; the slider 23 can linearly move along the axial direction in the spline hub 24, the slider 23 can circumferentially rotate by an angle of half of a first tooth tip or a second tooth tip in the groove of the synchronization ring, an outer conical surface is provided on one side of the output gear close to the clutch sleeve, and an inner conical surface that can be fitted with the outer conical surface is provided at one end of the synchronization ring close to the output gear.

[0040] See Figures 1-3 、 Figure 7 , the synchronization mechanism 2 includes a fork 21, a boss is machined at the large end of the fork 21 to cooperate with the groove of the clutch sleeve 22, when the fork 21 moves left and right, it will push the clutch sleeve 22 to move together, and the clutch sleeve 22 is connected to the spline hub 24 through the splines machined on the inner hole. The inner hole of the spline hub 24 is machined with splines and installed on the output shaft 31.

[0041] See Figures 1-7, The slider 23 is installed between the coupling sleeve 22 and the spline hub 24 through keyway fit. The slider 23 is composed of slide bars 231, 232, 233, connecting disks 234 and 235. Among them, the lower parts of the slide bars 231, 232 and 233 are installed in the spline grooves of the spline hub 24, and specific tooth profiles are machined on the upper parts of the slide bars 231, 232 and 233 to cooperate with the tooth profile 220 in the inner hole of the coupling sleeve 22.

[0042] It should be noted that the slider 23 is installed on the spline hub 24 through keyway fit. Except for the contact between the tooth profile of the slider 23 and the coupling sleeve 22, the outer diameter of other parts of the slider 23 is smaller than the inner hole diameter of the coupling sleeve 22. Therefore, the other parts of the slider 23 and the coupling sleeve 22 do not contact each other, nor is there a keyway fit.

[0043] Among them, the right input gear 42 and the left input gear 43 are circumferentially fixed on the input shaft 41 through flat keys, and are connected to a motor or other prime mover through the flat key groove 410 to input motion. The right input gear 42 meshes with the right output gear 33, and the left input gear 43 meshes with the right output gear 34. When the fork 21 is in the middle position, that is, when the coupling sleeve 22 is in the middle position, there is no circumferential connection between the right output gear 33, the left output gear 34 and the output shaft 31. Therefore, the motion of the input shaft 41 will not be transmitted to the output shaft 31.

[0044] Predictably, when the coupling sleeve 22 does not move left or right, the upper parts of the slide bars 231, 232 and 233 are at the axial middle position of the mating tooth profile 220 in the inner hole of the coupling sleeve 22. Three grooves are respectively machined on the left synchronizing ring 25 and the right synchronizing ring 26 in the circumferential direction. The two ends of the slide bars 231, 232 and 233 are placed in the three grooves with the same width dimension on the end faces of the left synchronizing ring 25 and the right synchronizing ring 26. Conical surfaces are machined on the inner holes of the left synchronizing ring 25 and the right synchronizing ring 26, which have the same dimensions as the conical surfaces of the output gears 33 and 34.

[0045] Among them, the right output gear 33 and the left output gear 34 are respectively sleeved on the output shaft 31 through the right needle roller bearing 35 and the left needle roller bearing 36. When the coupling sleeve 22 is in the middle position, there is a gap between the conical holes of the left synchronizing ring 25 and the right synchronizing ring 26 and the conical surfaces of the left output gear 34 and the right output gear 33. The right input gear 42 and the left input gear 43 respectively mesh with the right output gear 33 and the left output gear 34 to drive them to idle on the output shaft 31.

[0046] See Figures 2-7, The slider 23 is composed of three slide bars. In order to make the pressure acting on the left synchronizing ring 25 or the right synchronizing ring 26 more uniform, the number of slide bars can also be increased, and there is no limit on the number. Grooves are machined at both ends of the slide bars and are respectively installed on the left connecting disc 234 and the right connecting disc 235. Specific tooth profiles are machined on the upper parts of the 3 slide bars and are matched with the positioning teeth 220 in the inner hole of the spline hub 24. When the fork 21 pushes the sleeve 22 to move left or right, the positioning teeth 220 on the inner hole of the sleeve 22 are matched with the tooth profiles on the upper part of the slider, causing the slider 23 to move forward and rotate towards the middle position of the tooth groove of the positioning teeth 220.

[0047] See Figures 2-7 , The outer diameters of the connecting discs 234 and 235 are slightly smaller than the inner diameters of the spline teeth in the inner hole of the sleeve 22. The distance between the connecting discs 234 and 235 ensures that the three sliders can press the synchronizing ring when moving left and right. The distance between the connecting discs can be calculated as the sum of the width of the sleeve 22, the distance between the end face of the slide bar and the end face of the mating groove of the synchronizing ring, and the distance of the deformation caused by the pressure acting on the synchronizing ring.

[0048] See Figure 1 A shifting device 100 of the present invention includes the above-mentioned synchronizing mechanism and input mechanism. The input mechanism is engaged with the output mechanism through gears. When starting to shift gears, the tooth profile on the upper part of the slide bar is biased to one side in the positioning teeth 220 of the sleeve 22. The sleeve 22 pushes the slider 23 to move and press the synchronizing ring, causing the inner conical hole of the synchronizing ring to contact the outer conical surface of the output gear to generate a frictional torque, thereby driving the synchronizing ring, the sleeve, the spline hub 24, and the output shaft 31 to rotate together.

[0049] It should be noted that taking an electric vehicle as an example, the left and right gears are two gears. When the vehicle starts, a certain gear has been engaged. Therefore, there are two shifting situations: one is shifting from a high gear to a low gear. At this time, the rotational speed of the output shaft is faster than that of the gear to be engaged. Then, the frictional torque generated by the contact between the inner conical hole of the synchronizing ring and the outer conical surface of the output gear will cause the synchronizing ring, the sleeve 22, the spline hub 24, and the output shaft 31 to rotate and decelerate together; the other situation is shifting from a low gear to a high gear. The process is opposite. The frictional torque generated by the contact between the inner conical hole of the synchronizing ring and the outer conical surface of the output gear will cause the synchronizing ring, the sleeve 22, the spline hub 24, and the output shaft 31 to rotate and accelerate together.

[0050] See Figures 2-7, a detailed description of the synchronous shifting process is as follows. Before the rotational speed of the synchronizer ring reaches that of the output gear, there is a speed difference between the two, maintaining relative movement. A frictional torque is generated on the inner conical surface. Under the push of the shift fork 21, the inner spline tooth end of the engaging sleeve 22 contacts the spline tooth end of the synchronizer ring. However, due to the spline locking angle of their cooperation, the shift fork torque generated by the tangential component of the contact force between the two is always smaller than the frictional torque generated on the friction conical surface. At this time, the synchronizer ring cannot rotate to the middle position of the tooth groove direction of the positioning teeth 220 in the inner hole of the engaging sleeve 22. Before ensuring that the rotational speed of the synchronizer ring is consistent with that of the output gear, the engaging sleeve 22 cannot continue to move forward, that is, the engaging sleeve 22 and the output gear cannot be engaged before their rotational speeds are the same, thus avoiding shifting shock.

[0051] More specifically, under the action of the frictional torque on the inner conical surface between the output gear and the synchronizer ring, the output gear drives the synchronizer ring to continuously accelerate and rotate. When the rotational speeds of the synchronizer ring and the output gear are the same, there is no relative movement between them, and at this time, the frictional torque on the inner conical surface disappears. Under the thrust of the engaging sleeve 22, through the cooperation between the positioning teeth 220 in the inner hole of the engaging sleeve 22 and the upper teeth of the slide bar, the slider 23 drives the synchronizer ring to rotate together by an angle of half of the synchronizer ring spline groove, so that the positions of the inner spline teeth of the engaging sleeve 22 and the spline grooves on the outer circle of the synchronizer ring are exactly opposite. The upper part of the slide bar in the slider 23 is also in the middle position of the groove of the positioning teeth 220 in the inner hole of the engaging sleeve 22. The engaging sleeve 22 moves forward under the thrust of the shift fork 21 and smoothly passes through the synchronizing teeth on the outer circular end surface of the synchronizer ring, avoiding or reducing the shifting shock during the synchronization process.

[0052] For further explanation of the shifting process, please refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10It is an assembly of a coupling sleeve 22, a slider 23 and a spline hub 24. For the convenience of marking, the connecting disc of the slider 23 is hidden. It can be seen from Figure a that the width of the slide bar is the same as the width of the slide groove at the corresponding position of the coupling sleeve 22, but the width of the tooth groove position of the coupling sleeve 22 is the same as the width of the slide bar in the spline hub 24, both of which are larger than the width of the slide bar by half the width of the tooth tip. Figure b is a cross-sectional view obtained by cutting at the middle position of Figure a. It can be seen from Figure b that the length of the slide bar tooth is the same as the length of the tooth groove of the coupling sleeve 22. Therefore, when the slide bar is in the middle position of the left and right gears without shifting, if the coupling sleeve 22 and the slide bar rotate relatively, then the slide bar will rotate in the groove of the spline hub 24 by half the angle of the tooth tip and get stuck in the tooth groove at the middle position of the coupling sleeve 22. When the coupling sleeve 22 moves in a certain direction, it will push the slide bar to move, so that the end face of the slide bar presses the synchronizer ring in the corresponding direction, so that the synchronizer ring and the corresponding conical surface of the coupled gear ring generate friction torque, so that the rotation speeds of the two are close. Due to the tooth profile angle of the coupling sleeve 22 and the synchronizer ring, the ring shifting torque formed by the tangential component of the contact force between the two is always smaller than the friction torque generated by the synchronizer ring and the inner conical surface of the coupled gear ring. Therefore, the synchronizer ring and the slider 23 cannot rotate half the angle of the tooth tip under the thrust of the coupling sleeve 22. Only when the relative speed between the synchronizer ring and the coupled gear ring is close, the friction torque between the conical surfaces of the two is small enough, and the slide bar rotates under the action of the matching teeth of the coupling sleeve 22, so that the coupling sleeve 22 continues to move forward along the direction of tooth matching. At this time, the pressure of the end face of the slide bar on the synchronizer ring will also cause the synchronizer ring to rotate accordingly. When the slide bar rotates to the middle position of the groove width of the coupling sleeve 22, the synchronizer ring also rotates half the angle of the tooth tip accordingly. At this time, the coupling sleeve 22 continues to move forward and smoothly completes the gear shift through the synchronizer ring. In this process, the slide bar rotates the synchronizer ring half the angle of the tooth tip, and the axial displacement of the coupling sleeve 22 cooperates with it, avoiding the one-time gear shift shock when the coupling sleeve 22 passes through the synchronizer ring.

[0053] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A synchronization mechanism, characterized in that, Comprising: An output mechanism; Wherein, the output mechanism includes an output shaft and output gears sleeved at both ends of the output shaft; A synchronization mechanism, the synchronization mechanism being located between the two output gears; Wherein, the synchronization mechanism includes a fork and a clutch sleeve fixedly connected to the fork, the inner teeth of the clutch sleeve are engaged with a spline hub, and the spline hub is engaged with the output shaft; Wherein, a slider is disposed through the clutch sleeve and the spline hub, and at least three sliders are circumferentially distributed along the clutch sleeve; Wherein, a synchronizing ring is provided between the output gear and the slider, a first tooth tip is provided on one side of the output gear close to the clutch sleeve, and a second tooth tip is provided on one side of the synchronizing ring close to the output gear; Wherein, when the outer cross-sections of the first tooth tip and the second tooth tip are on the same horizontal line, they can pass through the clutch sleeve.

2. The synchronization mechanism according to claim 1, wherein: The outer shape of the slider can be matched with the inner teeth in the clutch sleeve.

3. The synchronization mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: Card slots are formed at the bottoms of both ends of the slider, and a connecting disc is clamped in the card slots, and the connecting disc drives at least three sliders to move synchronously.

4. The synchronization mechanism according to claim 3, wherein: The slider can linearly move along the axial direction in the spline key groove of the spline hub, and the slider can rotate around the axial direction in the groove of the synchronizing ring.

5. The synchronization mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: An outer conical surface is provided on one side of the output gear close to the clutch sleeve, and an inner conical surface that can be fitted with the outer conical surface is provided at one end of the synchronizing ring close to the output gear.

6. The synchronization mechanism according to claim 5, wherein: When the slider is engaged with the inner teeth of the clutch sleeve, the synchronizing ring can rotate to the middle position in the width direction of the tooth groove.

7. A shifting device, characterized in that, Comprising the synchronization mechanism and an input mechanism according to any one of claims 1-6, the input mechanism is meshed with the output mechanism through gears.

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