Portable laser ice layer thickness measuring device and method for measuring ice layer thickness

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ice layer thickness measurement, in particular to a portable laser ice layer thickness measuring device and a method for measuring the ice layer thickness, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, arranging equipment; s2, measuring the thickness of an ice layer; s3, an ice layer thickness calibration room; s4, optimizing the computing network; a light reflecting plate is arranged on the ice surface, laser is emitted through a laser sensor to measure the descending speed in real time, and data are uploaded to a single chip microcomputer through an A / D conversion module; after the electric drill drills through the ice layer, the laser sensor detects sudden change of the descending speed, measurement can be stopped immediately, and the thickness of the ice layer is obtained; according to the invention, the difficulty of ice layer thickness measurement caused by factors such as more impurities and large sand content in the Yellow River water can be overcome, and the measurement efficiency is high; according to the invention, the accuracy of ice layer thickness measurement is further improved through artificial neural network calibration and correction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ice thickness measurement, and specifically to a portable laser ice thickness measurement device and a method for measuring ice thickness. Background Art

[0002] In northern China, due to the cold winter and long freezing period. The Yellow River is located in the northern region. Due to the large latitude span, ice hazards often occur, threatening the lives and property safety of the people along the coast. The Yellow River is a seasonally frozen river with the highest sediment content. The ice formation process is affected by multiple factors such as sediment suspension, turbulent water dynamics, and temperature fluctuations. There are significant differences in the physical properties and composition of its ice layer compared with fresh water ice layers and sea ice layers. Ice-sand interlayers, porous ice crystal clusters, and local ice plugs often form in its ice body.

[0003] Monitoring the ice thickness and its change process is the basis for monitoring the formation of river ice jams, the occurrence of ice floods, and the force exerted by ice on structures. To ensure the safety of ice transportation and ice-related operations, it is necessary to measure the ice thickness and its distribution in relevant waters. Currently, the following methods are usually used for ice thickness measurement:

[0004] (1) Satellite remote sensing, such as radar altimeters, calculates the ice surface height through the radar wave reflection time and estimates the thickness by combining with a density model. Laser altimetry measures the elevation change of the ice surface using laser pulses. Microwave remote sensing distinguishes sea ice from open water and indirectly estimates the ice thickness (suitable for thin ice). Satellite remote sensing generally has problems such as high identification errors for thin ice (<0.5 m) and water surface ripples, and poor penetration of electromagnetic waves by sediment-containing ice bodies.

[0005] (2) Underwater measurement, sonar technology. Submarines or unmanned underwater devices measure the bottom morphology of sea ice through acoustic wave reflection. Its core principle is to use the propagation characteristics of acoustic waves in water to detect the bottom morphology of the ice layer. However, it has limitations such as difficult deployment and maintenance and limited coverage.

[0006] (3) Buoys and automatic stations. Ice-based buoys are observation devices fixed on the ice surface, which continuously monitor the change of ice thickness for a long time by integrating multiple sensors. Its core principle is based on the physical interaction between the ice layer and the surrounding environment (water body, atmosphere), and sensors are carried to monitor the change of sea ice thickness for a long time. However, there are problems such as high deployment and maintenance costs, limited spatial coverage, and disputes over data representativeness.

[0007] (4) Ice surface measurement

[0008] 1) Traditional mechanical measurement (such as drilling) faces the risk of insufficient ice surface bearing capacity in the high-sediment ice layer of the Yellow River. For example, a retractable hook-type ice thickness detection device realizes automatic anchoring under the ice through mechanical structure design. The single measurement speed is slow, with high accuracy but low efficiency.

[0009] 2) Electromagnetic induction: The ice thickness is estimated by measuring the difference in conductivity between ice and water. Its core principle is based on the response characteristics of electromagnetic fields in conductive media. However, there are problems such as strong dependence on conductivity calibration, depth limitation, environmental electromagnetic interference, and blind spots in ice structure.

[0010] 3) Ground Penetrating Radar: It can detect the thickness and internal structure of ice layer non-destructively by emitting high-frequency electromagnetic waves (usually 10MHz-2.5GHz) and receiving the reflected signals from the internal interface of ice layer. However, there are problems such as interference from ice impurities and sand content, trade-off between depth and frequency, environmental constraints, and high complexity of data processing.

[0011] At present, the thickness of the ice layer on the Yellow River is mainly measured by mechanical ice thickness detection devices. After the hole is opened, the hook automatically unfolds and clamps the lower ice surface, and the ice thickness is directly read through the ruler. New technologies such as ground penetrating radar and electromagnetic induction technology have also been introduced, but this method is easily restricted by sediment; satellite remote sensing and underwater sonar are more expensive and suitable for large-scale monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0012] The object of the present invention is to provide a portable laser ice thickness measuring device and a method for measuring ice thickness which are capable of accurate measurement, convenient operation and light to carry.

[0013] Based on the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0014] A method for measuring ice thickness comprises the following steps:

[0015] S1. Arrange equipment: Lay the reflector on the ice surface, place the drill bit vertically on the ice surface, center the level bubble, and aim the laser emitted by the laser sensor at the reflector;

[0016] S2. Measure the thickness of the ice layer: Turn on the electric drill to make the drill bit drill into the ice layer, and at the same time, the laser sensor records the descent speed in real time; when the drill bit penetrates the ice layer, the laser sensor records a sudden drop in speed, stops timing, and uses the calibration program to reverse the laser sensor signal data to obtain the ice thickness data;

[0017] S3, ice thickness calibration: manually measure the ice thickness, and input the manually measured ice thickness into the data acquisition processor, and obtain the corresponding laser sensor input data through the calibration program to calibrate the calculation time;

[0018] S4, Optimize the calculation network: Based on artificial neural network technology, the descent speed v is calculated based on multiple measurements in the early stage x, the descent rate c, and the calibration time T; using the manually measured actual data as the input layer, the input data is transmitted, analyzed, and weighed in the neuron connection to correct the intermediate data and the final data in the previous measurement, enhancing the accuracy of the ice layer thickness measurement.

[0019] Preferably, the specific process of measuring the ice layer thickness in step S2 includes:

[0020] S21. Press the reset button. The single-chip microcomputer detects the digital signal input by the laser sensor through the A / D conversion module, triggers the internal timer to start timing, and synchronously records the laser sensor signal data Ux; the single-chip microcomputer cyclically monitors the conversion result of the A / D conversion module and calculates the descent speed vx in real time:

[0021]

[0022] where vx is the real-time descent speed, Ux is the real-time signal data of the laser sensor, Ux-1 is the signal data of the laser sensor in the previous measurement, and t is the time interval between two data acquisitions by the single-chip microcomputer;

[0023] S22. Use the time obtained from the calibration program to look up the laser sensor signal data backward and display the real-time ice layer thickness Lx:

[0024] L x =k(U x -U0)-L f

[0025] where Lx is the real-time ice layer thickness, k is the coefficient corresponding to the voltage / current data of the laser sensor and the length, U0 is the initial data of the laser sensor, Ux is the real-time signal data of the laser sensor, and Lf is the thickness of the reflector;

[0026] S23. When the single-chip microcomputer detects a sudden change in the descent speed, it turns off the timer, records the signal data of the laser sensor at this time, and then stops recording the laser sensor data; the calculation formula for the descent rate c is:

[0027]

[0028] where c is the descent rate, vx is the real-time descent speed, and vx-1 is the descent speed before time t;

[0029] S24. Use the time obtained from the calibration program to look up the laser sensor signal data backward, and the ice layer thickness value L can be obtained:

[0030] L=k(U n-T -U0)-L f

[0031] Wherein, L is the ice layer thickness, Un-T is the calibrated laser sensor signal data (i.e., the laser sensor signal data at the moment Tn-T = Tn-T), Tn is the time interval from the start of timing to the end of timing by the single-chip microcomputer, and T is the calibration time.

[0032] Preferably, the specific process of calibrating the ice layer thickness in step S3 includes:

[0033] After removing the drill bit, manually measure the ice layer thickness at the same drilling location, denoted as L_manual; record the ice layer thickness obtained by the single-chip microcomputer in step S2 as L_machine. After inputting L_manual and pressing the confirmation key, through the calibration program, reverse-search the laser sensor data Un-T corresponding to the ice layer thickness measured manually; thus, obtain Tn-T corresponding to Un-T, and then the calibration time value T = Tn - Tn-T can be obtained:

[0034]

[0035] Wherein, is the calculated data of the laser sensor data Un-T corresponding to the calibration time T. The value of Un-T can be obtained by rounding. L_machine is the ice layer thickness obtained by the portable laser ice layer thickness measuring device during calibration, and L_manual is the manually measured ice layer thickness.

[0036] A portable laser ice layer thickness measuring device includes an electric drill, which is handheld and the electric drill battery is replaceable; a spirit level is provided at the top of the electric drill, and the drill bit of the electric drill is arranged vertically downward; a data acquisition processor is arranged on one side surface of the electric drill, and the data acquisition processor includes a laser sensor; the laser emitted by the laser sensor is arranged in the same direction and parallel to the drill bit, and a reflector is arranged on the ice surface in cooperation with the laser sensor. Preferably, a buckle is provided at the top of the electric drill, and the spirit level is fixedly arranged at the top of the electric drill through the buckle.

[0037] Preferably, the data acquisition processor includes a main circuit board, and the main circuit board includes a single-chip microcomputer and an A / D conversion module; the main circuit board is connected with a display module and a key module, and a power supply module connected to the main circuit board, the display module and the laser sensor is arranged on the data acquisition processor.

[0038] Preferably, the reflector is a red opaque plate structure, and portable holes are arranged at the corner parts of the reflector.

[0039] An electronic device includes a memory and a processor. A computer program is stored on the memory, and when the processor executes the computer program, any step in the method for measuring the ice layer thickness as described above is implemented.

[0040] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0041] The present invention improves on the traditional electric drill structure, and constructs a new ice thickness measurement system by integrating a side-mounted data acquisition processor with an intelligent algorithm; the distance to the ice reflector is recorded in real time by a laser sensor, and the current descent speed is further calculated; when the drill penetrates the ice layer, the present invention can obtain the ice thickness result through the collaborative analysis of laser sensor data and multi-source parameters; the present invention can also realize intelligent analysis of ice thickness through an embedded artificial neural network, further improving the accuracy of ice thickness measurement.

[0042] The present invention adopts a modular design, and can quickly replace laser ranging components with different sensitivities according to the different ice thickness and structural characteristics, or replace different special drill bits for use, and can be suitable for use in various ice environments; combined with a self-learning algorithm based on an artificial neural network, it can continuously and automatically optimize the measurement model according to historical data, significantly improving its detection efficiency and accuracy in complex ice environments, while maintaining the reliability of traditional equipment, achieving adaptive improvement of the measurement process and measurement accuracy, and the equipment is simple, economical and practical. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 is a structural block diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0046] In the figure: an electric drill 1; an electric drill battery 2; an electric drill handle 3; a connecting buckle 4; a level bubble 5; a drill bit 6; a reflector 7; a data acquisition processor 8; a data acquisition processor battery 9; a main circuit board 10; a laser sensor 11; a charging port 12; a display module 13; and a button module 14. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] Example 1

[0048] The following is a further explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments. Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a portable laser ice thickness measuring device, which includes an electric drill 1; the drill bit 6 of the electric drill 1 is arranged vertically downward, and a data acquisition processor 8 is fixedly arranged on one side surface of the electric drill 1.

[0049] A level bubble 5 is installed on the top of the electric drill 1 through a connecting buckle 4. The level bubble 5 can be used to observe the horizontality of the electric drill 1 at all times, and the angle of the electric drill 1 can be adjusted in time to keep the drill bit 6 able to drill vertically downward into the ice layer; the electric drill 1 is a handheld electric drill, and a detachable electric drill battery 2 is connected to the electric drill 1 through an electric drill handle 3.

[0050] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, a main circuit board 10 is provided inside the data acquisition processor 8. The main circuit board 10 includes a single-chip microcomputer and an A / D conversion module, and its circuit principle is as Figure 3 shown; a data memory and a program memory are also provided in the main circuit board 10 for storing measurement data and measurement programs; in this embodiment, the model of the single-chip microcomputer is AT89C52; the single-chip microcomputer is connected to a laser sensor 11 through the A / D conversion module. The laser sensor 11 includes a laser emitter and a receiver and can emit and receive laser; a reflector 7 is arranged at the corresponding position on the ice surface. The reflector 7 is an opaque red plate-like structure and can reflect the laser emitted by the laser sensor 11 back to the laser sensor 11; the laser sensor used in this embodiment is powered by 12V, has an analog voltage / current output, a response time of only 15ms, a measurement error of only ±2mm, and is resistant to low temperature.

[0051] A display module 13 is arranged at the top of the data acquisition processor 8. The display module 13 uses an LCD liquid crystal display screen; a key module 14 is also arranged at the top of the data acquisition processor 8. The key module 14 includes an on / off key, a reset / confirmation key, an up / down page turning key, and a numeric keypad, and the device can be operated through the key module; a data acquisition processor battery 9 is arranged inside the data acquisition processor 8. The data acquisition processor battery 9 uses a 3.7V power supply and is connected to the main circuit board, the display module, and the laser sensor through a boost chip for power supply; a charging port 12 is also arranged on the data acquisition processor 8. The charging port 12 uses a Type-C port and is applicable to various chargers or power banks.

[0052] Embodiment 2

[0053] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment, the electric drill 1 is fixedly installed on the ice surface numerically controlled vehicle.

[0054] Embodiment 3

[0055] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that in this embodiment, the main circuit board 10 in the data acquisition processor 8 uses a DSP chip or other models of single-chip microcomputers.

[0056] Embodiment 4

[0057] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 is that in this embodiment, a radar sensor is used to replace the laser sensor 11.

[0058] Embodiment 5

[0059] This embodiment is a method for measuring the ice thickness based on the device in the above embodiments, including the following steps:

[0060] S1. Equipment Arrangement: Lay the reflector on the ice surface, place the drill bit vertically on the ice surface to center the spirit level bubble, and at the same time, the laser emitted by the laser sensor is directed at the reflector.

[0061] S2. Ice Layer Thickness Measurement: Turn on the electric drill to make the drill bit penetrate into the ice layer, and at the same time, the laser sensor records the descent speed in real time; when the drill bit penetrates through the ice layer, the laser sensor records a sudden change in the descent speed, stops timing, and retrieves the laser sensor signal data through the calibration program to obtain the ice layer thickness data. The specific process includes:

[0062] S21. Press the reset button. The single-chip microcomputer detects the digital signal input by the laser sensor through the A / D conversion module, triggers the internal timer to start timing, and simultaneously records the laser sensor signal data Ux; the single-chip microcomputer cyclically monitors the conversion result of the A / D conversion module and calculates the descent speed vx in real time:

[0063]

[0064] where vx is the real-time descent speed, Ux is the real-time signal data of the laser sensor, Ux - 1 is the signal data measured by the laser sensor last time, and t is the time interval between two data acquisitions by the single-chip microcomputer;

[0065] S22. Retrieve the laser sensor signal data according to the time obtained by the calibration program, and display the real-time ice layer thickness Lx:

[0066] L x =k(U x -U0)-L f

[0067] where Lx is the real-time ice layer thickness, k is the coefficient corresponding to the voltage / current data of the laser sensor and the length, U0 is the initial data of the laser sensor, Ux is the real-time signal data of the laser sensor, and Lf is the thickness of the reflector;

[0068] S23. When the single-chip microcomputer detects a sudden change in the descent speed, turn off the timer, record the signal data of the laser sensor at this time, and then stop recording the laser sensor data; the calculation formula for the descent rate c is:

[0069]

[0070] where c is the descent rate, vx is the real-time descent speed, and vx - 1 is the descent speed before time t;

[0071] S24. Retrieve the laser sensor signal data according to the time obtained by the calibration program, and the ice layer thickness value L can be obtained:

[0072] L=k(U n-T -U0)-Lf

[0073] Among them, L is the ice layer thickness, Un-T is the calibrated laser sensor signal data (i.e., the laser sensor signal data at the moment Tn-T = Tn-T), Tn is the time interval from the start of timing to the end of timing by the single-chip microcomputer, and T is the calibration time.

[0074] S3. Ice layer thickness calibration: Manually measure the ice layer thickness and input the measured ice layer thickness into the data acquisition processor. Through the calibration program, the corresponding laser sensor output data is retrieved to calibrate the calculation time. The specific process includes:

[0075] After removing the drill bit, manually measure the ice layer thickness at the same drilled hole, denoted as L_man; Denote the ice layer thickness obtained by the single-chip microcomputer in step S2 as L_machine. After inputting L_man and pressing the confirmation key, retrieve the laser sensor data Un-T corresponding to the manually measured ice layer thickness through the calibration program; thus, obtain Tn-T corresponding to Un-T, and then the calibration time value T = Tn - Tn-T can be obtained:

[0076]

[0077] Among them, is the calculated data of the laser sensor data Un-T corresponding to the calibration time T. The value of Un-T can be obtained by rounding. L_machine is the ice layer thickness obtained by the portable laser ice layer thickness measuring device during calibration, and L_man is the manually measured ice layer thickness.

[0078] S4. Optimize the calculation network: Based on artificial neural network technology, calculate the descent speed v x , descent rate c and calibration time T according to multiple previous measurements; Use the actual manually measured data as the input layer. The input data is transmitted, analyzed, and weighed in the neuron connections to correct the intermediate data and final data in the previous measurements, and enhance the accuracy of ice layer thickness measurement.

[0079] As described above, it is only a further explanatory description of the present invention in combination with specific embodiments. All the descriptions made do not represent a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes or replacement schemes that can be easily thought of by any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claimed rights.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the thickness of ice layer, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Equipment arrangement: Lay the reflector on the ice surface, place the drill bit vertically on the ice surface to make the spirit level centered, and at the same time, the laser emitted by the laser sensor is directed at the reflector; S2. Measuring the ice layer thickness: Turn on the electric drill to make the drill bit drill into the ice layer, and at the same time, the laser sensor records the descending speed in real time; when the drill bit penetrates the ice layer, the laser sensor records a sudden change in the descending speed, stops timing, and reversely checks the laser sensor signal data through the calibration program to obtain the ice layer thickness data; S3. Ice layer thickness calibration: Manually measure the ice layer thickness, and input the ice layer thickness obtained by manual measurement into the data acquisition processor. Reverse check through the calibration program to obtain the corresponding laser sensor output data to calibrate the calculation time; S4. Optimizing the calculation network: Based on artificial neural network technology, using the actual data measured manually in multiple previous measurements as the input layer, the input data is transmitted, analyzed, and weighed in the neuron connections to correct the intermediate data and the final data in the previous measurements, and enhance the accuracy of ice layer thickness measurement.

2. The method for measuring the ice layer thickness according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of measuring the ice layer thickness in step S2 includes: S21. Press the reset button. The single-chip microcomputer detects the digital signal input by the laser sensor through the A / D conversion module, triggers the internal timer to start timing, and simultaneously records the laser sensor signal data U x ; The single-chip microcomputer cyclically monitors the conversion result of the A / D conversion module and calculates the falling speed v in real time x : Among them, v x is the real-time descending speed, U x is the real-time signal data of the laser sensor, U x-1 is the signal data measured by the laser sensor last time, and t is the time interval between two data acquisitions by the single-chip microcomputer; S22. Retrieve the laser sensor signal data based on the time obtained from the calibration program, and display the real-time ice layer thickness L x : L x = k(U x - U0) - L f Among them, L x is the real-time ice layer thickness, k is the coefficient corresponding to the laser sensor voltage / current data and the length, U0 is the initial data of the laser sensor, and U x is the real-time laser sensor signal data, and L f is the thickness of the reflector; S23. When the single-chip microcomputer detects a sudden change in the descending speed, turn off the timer, record the signal data of the laser sensor at this time, and then stop recording the laser sensor data; the calculation formula for the descending rate c is: Among them, c is the descent rate, v x is the real-time descent speed, v x-1 is the descent speed before time t; S24. Reverse check the laser sensor signal data through the time obtained by the calibration program to obtain the ice layer thickness value L: L = k(U n-T - U0) - L f Among them, L is the ice layer thickness, U n-T is the calibrated laser sensor signal data (i.e., T n-T = T n - laser sensor signal data at time T), T n is the time interval from the start of timing to the end of timing by the single-chip microcomputer, and T is the calibration time.

3. The method for measuring the ice layer thickness according to claim 2, wherein: The specific process of ice layer thickness calibration in step S3 includes: After removing the drill bit, manually measure the ice layer thickness at the same drilling location and record it as L 人 ; Denote the ice layer thickness obtained by the single-chip microcomputer in step S2 as L 机 , input L 人 and then press the confirmation key. Through the calibration program, reverse-check the laser sensor data U corresponding to the ice layer thickness obtained by manual measurement n-T ; Thus, obtain U n-T corresponding T n-T , and then the calibration time value T = T n -T n- T: Among them, is the calculated data of the laser sensor data U corresponding to the calibration time T, and the rounded value of U can be obtained by checking n-T the calculation data, and the value of U can be obtained by rounding and checking n-T value, L 机 is the ice layer thickness obtained by the portable laser ice layer thickness measuring device during calibration, and L 人 is the manually measured ice layer thickness.

4. A portable laser ice thickness measuring device, comprising a drill, characterized in that: The electric drill is a hand-held type, and the electric drill battery is replaceable; a spirit level is arranged at the top of the electric drill, and the drill bit of the electric drill is arranged vertically downward; a data acquisition processor is arranged on one side surface of the electric drill, and the data acquisition processor includes a laser sensor; the laser emitted by the laser sensor is arranged in the same direction and parallel to the drill bit, and a reflector is arranged on the ice surface in cooperation with the laser sensor.

5. The portable laser ice thickness measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A buckle is arranged at the top of the electric drill, and the spirit level is fixedly arranged at the top of the electric drill through the buckle.

6. The portable laser ice thickness measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The data acquisition processor includes a main circuit board, and the main circuit board includes a single-chip microcomputer and an A / D conversion module; the main circuit board is connected with a display module and a key module, and a power supply module connected to the main circuit board, the display module, and the laser sensor is arranged on the data acquisition processor.

7. The portable laser ice thickness measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reflector is a red opaque plate structure, and portable holes are arranged at the corner parts of the reflector.

8. An electronic device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored on the memory, and characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, it realizes any step in the method for measuring the ice layer thickness as described in any one of claims 1-3.

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