Precision water level measurement methods, systems and equipment used in water conservancy projects

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of water level measurement technology, and specifically to a method, system, and equipment for precise water level measurement applied to water conservancy projects. The method comprises: obtaining in real time the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by a radar water level meter to the water surface, recorded as the emission signal, and the echo signal received at each measurement moment, and obtaining the water level data at each measurement moment measured by the radar water level meter through the received echo signal; calculating the signal fluctuation degree and energy loss ratio at each measurement moment, determining the first evaluation value, the second evaluation value, and the water level fluctuation degree at each measurement moment, and obtaining the interference coefficient at each measurement moment; based on the water level data and the interference coefficient at each measurement moment and the multiple measurement moments before it, correcting the water level data to obtain the corrected water level data at each measurement moment. The present application can reduce the interference of the echo signal by multipath effects, noise, and water surface fluctuations, and improve the accuracy of the water level measurement results of the radar water level meter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of water level measurement technology, and in particular to a method, system and equipment for precise water level measurement applied to water conservancy projects. Background Art

[0002] In water level measurement of water conservancy projects, radar water level meters are non-contact and unaffected by interference such as bubbles and sludge in the water. Radar water level meters use electromagnetic wave signals to measure water levels, with high precision at the millimeter level. They are widely used in water level measurement in rivers, dikes, reservoirs and other places.

[0003] Publication No. CN119245773A suppresses noise interference in the water level signal by filtering and performing outlier detection processing on the water level signal obtained by measuring the radar water level meter. This method performs signal processing on the water level signal formed by the water level measurement result of the radar water level meter to reduce noise interference in the water level signal. However, the radar water level meter measures the water level based on the time delay of the echo signal formed when the electromagnetic wave signal it transmits is reflected by the water surface, ignoring the interference of the multipath effect, noise and water surface fluctuation on the water level measurement result in the echo signal received by the radar water level meter, resulting in low accuracy of the water level measurement result of the radar water level meter. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, a method, system and equipment for precise water level measurement applied to water conservancy projects are provided to solve the existing problems.

[0005] The solution to the technical problem of this application is to provide a method, system and equipment for precise water level measurement applied to water conservancy projects, including the following steps:

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for precise water level measurement applied to a water conservancy project, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] Acquire in real time the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the radar water level meter to the water surface, recorded as the emission signal, and the echo signal received at each measurement moment, and obtain the water level data at each measurement moment measured by the radar water level meter through the received echo signal;

[0008] Analyze the fluctuation of the signal amplitude and the discreteness of the phase in the echo signal at each measurement moment, and calculate the signal fluctuation degree at each measurement moment;

[0009] Extract the energy spectrum of the transmitted signal and the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment respectively, calculate the energy loss ratio at each measurement moment based on the energy difference between the two energy spectra, and determine the first evaluation value at each measurement moment in combination with the signal fluctuation;

[0010] Based on the difference between the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment and before and after denoising, a second evaluation value is obtained at each measurement moment; based on the fluctuation of the water level data at different measurement moments within the neighborhood at each measurement moment, the water level fluctuation degree at each measurement moment is calculated, and the interference coefficient at each measurement moment is obtained by combining the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value;

[0011] Based on the water level data at each measurement moment and the water level data at the previous measurement moments and the interference coefficient, the water level data is corrected to obtain the corrected water level data at each measurement moment.

[0012] Preferably, the calculating of the signal fluctuation at each measurement moment includes:

[0013] By constructing a sliding window of a preset size, sliding all signal amplitudes in the echo signal, calculating the degree of dispersion of all signal amplitudes in each sliding window, recorded as dispersion, and recording the standard deviation of the dispersion of all sliding windows as amplitude eigenvalue;

[0014] Extracting the phase spectrum of the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment, and obtaining all peaks and troughs in the phase spectrum;

[0015] Calculate the average of the discrete degrees of the peak values ​​of all the peaks and the discrete degrees of the valley values ​​of all the valleys in the phase spectrum, and record it as the phase eigenvalue;

[0016] The signal fluctuation is the average of the amplitude characteristic value and the phase characteristic value.

[0017] Preferably, the calculating of the energy loss ratio at each measurement moment includes:

[0018] Calculate the mean of all amplitudes in the energy spectrum of the transmitted signal and record it as the transmitted energy;

[0019] Calculate the mean of all amplitudes in the energy spectrum of the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment, and record it as the received energy;

[0020] The difference between the transmitted energy and the received energy is recorded as the lost energy;

[0021] The energy loss ratio is the ratio of the lost energy to the transmitted energy.

[0022] Preferably, determining the first evaluation value at each measurement moment includes: performing positive mapping on the energy loss ratio, and taking the ratio of the signal fluctuation to the result of the positive mapping as the first evaluation value at each measurement moment.

[0023] Preferably, obtaining the second evaluation value at each measurement moment includes:

[0024] Performing denoising on the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment to obtain the denoised echo signal;

[0025] The second evaluation value is the difference between the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment and the denoised echo signal.

[0026] Preferably, the water level fluctuation degree is the degree of discreteness of water level data at each measurement moment and multiple measurement moments in its neighborhood.

[0027] Preferably, the interference coefficient is a normalized result of the product of the first evaluation value, the second evaluation value and the water level fluctuation.

[0028] Preferably, obtaining the corrected water level data at each measurement moment includes: recording multiple measurement moments before each measurement moment as a historical period; taking the interference coefficient as a weight, performing weighted summation on the water level data of all measurement moments in the historical period as the corrected water level data at each measurement moment.

[0029] In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present application also provides a water level precision measurement system applied to water conservancy projects, the system including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of any one of the above-mentioned water level precision measurement methods applied to water conservancy projects.

[0030] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a water level precision measurement device for use in water conservancy projects, wherein the device stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of any one of the above-mentioned water level precision measurement methods for use in water conservancy projects are implemented.

[0031] This application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The present application calculates the signal fluctuation degree at each measurement moment by analyzing the fluctuation and phase change of the echo signal, which has the beneficial effect of preliminarily evaluating the influence of the multipath effect on the echo signal; and then calculates the energy loss ratio at each measurement moment by the difference between the energy of the transmitted signal and the energy of the echo signal when it is received, which has the beneficial effect of taking into account the degree of energy loss caused by the absorption of the signal energy by the water surface, and then evaluating the influence of the multipath effect of the echo signal caused by obstacles such as the shore and floating objects in the river and rocks; determines the first evaluation value at each measurement moment, which has the beneficial effect of comprehensively evaluating the interference influence of the multipath effect on the echo signal at this measurement moment, reflecting the true situation of the water level data calculated by the echo signal; further, the second evaluation value at each measurement moment is obtained by the difference between the echo signal before and after denoising, which has the beneficial effect of taking into account the noise interference on the echo signal. The interference situation is further evaluated to further assess the error degree of the water level data at this measurement moment; the water level fluctuation degree at each measurement moment is calculated through the fluctuation of the water level data at multiple measurement moments in a local range, which has the beneficial effect of taking into account the influence of water surface fluctuations; the interference coefficient at each measurement moment is obtained, which has the beneficial effect of reflecting the error of the water level data calculated by the echo signal at the corresponding measurement moment by comprehensively evaluating the interference of multipath effect, noise and water surface fluctuations; based on the water level data and interference coefficient at each measurement moment and multiple measurement moments before it, the water level data is corrected to obtain the corrected water level data at each measurement moment, which has the beneficial effect of correcting the water level at each measurement moment through the water level data and interference situation at multiple measurement moments in a historical period, which can reduce the interference of multipath effect, noise and water surface fluctuation on the echo signal and improve the accuracy of the water level measurement results of the radar water level meter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The following is a further detailed description of the water level precision measurement method applied to water conservancy projects of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 A flowchart of the steps of the method for precise water level measurement applied to water conservancy projects provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 2 A flowchart of the steps of the method for obtaining the interference coefficient provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application more clearly understood, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation examples, further describes in detail the method, system, and equipment for precise water level measurement in water conservancy projects proposed in this application. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for the purpose of explaining this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0037] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

[0038] See also Figure 1 , which shows a flowchart of a method for precise water level measurement applied to a water conservancy project provided by an embodiment of the present application, the method comprising the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: obtain the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the radar water level meter to the water surface in real time, recorded as the emission signal, and the echo signal received at each measurement moment, and obtain the water level data at each measurement moment measured by the radar water level meter through the received echo signal.

[0040] A radar water level meter is set up on the bank of the river section to be measured in the water conservancy project facilities, wherein the radar beam emitted by the radar water level meter can be irradiated on the water surface in the river section, and the antenna axis of the radar water level meter is perpendicular to the water surface. The signal transmitting antenna in the radar water level meter transmits an electromagnetic wave signal of a fixed frequency in real time. After the electromagnetic wave signal is reflected by the water surface, the signal receiving antenna in the radar water level meter receives the reflected echo signal, and the water level data is calculated based on the time difference between the signal transmission time and the signal reception time, as well as the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave.

[0041] It should be noted that the process of calculating the water level through the echo signal is a well-known technology and will not be described in detail here; secondly, the transmission frequency of the signal transmitting antenna is 50Hz. As other implementation methods, the implementer can set it according to actual conditions.

[0042] Since the radar water level meter can transmit electromagnetic wave signals in real time, after being reflected by the water surface, an echo signal will be received at different measurement times, and then the water level data at different measurement times can be calculated. Therefore, the water level data at each measurement time and its corresponding echo signal are obtained, and the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the signal transmitting antenna is recorded as the transmitting signal.

[0043] At this point, the water level data at each measurement moment and its corresponding echo signal, as well as the transmission signal, are obtained.

[0044] Step 2: Analyze the fluctuation of the signal amplitude in the echo signal at each measurement moment and the discreteness of the phase in the echo signal, and calculate the signal fluctuation at each measurement moment; extract the energy spectrum of the transmitted signal and the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment respectively, calculate the energy loss ratio at each measurement moment through the energy difference between the two energy spectra, and determine the first evaluation value at each measurement moment in combination with the signal fluctuation.

[0045] When the signal receiving antenna in a radar water level meter receives the echo signal, it is affected by multipath, noise, and water surface fluctuations, which can lead to deviations in the water level data measurement. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the interference of multipath and noise in the echo signal, as well as the changes in water level data caused by water surface fluctuations, in order to reduce the interference of multipath, noise, and water surface fluctuations on the water level measurement.

[0046] First of all, the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the radar water level meter will be affected by obstacles such as the shore, floating objects in the river, and rocks during the propagation process, resulting in multiple reflections or scattering. The echo signals formed by these reflections or scatterings will propagate along different paths and be received by the radar water level meter, causing the echo signal received by the radar water level meter to produce a multipath effect, and the signals received from multiple paths will have different amplitudes and phases. If the signals of multiple paths have the same phase, constructive interference will occur, and if they have opposite phases, destructive interference will occur, resulting in drastic changes in the amplitude and phase of the echo signal.

[0047] Based on the above analysis, the signal fluctuation is calculated by analyzing the amplitude fluctuation and phase change in the echo signal, specifically:

[0048] By constructing a sliding window of a preset size, all signal amplitudes in the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment are slid, and the degree of dispersion of all signal amplitudes in each sliding window is calculated, recorded as the dispersion, and the standard deviation of the dispersion of all sliding windows is recorded as the amplitude characteristic value;

[0049] In this embodiment, the length of the sliding window is 10, the sliding step is 1, and for all signal amplitudes in the echo signal, the sliding is performed gradually from the first signal amplitude to the last signal amplitude. As other implementation methods, the implementer can set it according to actual conditions; secondly, the degree of discreteness is measured by calculating the variance of all signal amplitudes in each sliding window. As other implementation methods, the implementer can adopt other methods of the existing technology, such as standard deviation, coefficient of variation, etc., and this embodiment does not impose any special restrictions on this.

[0050] It should be noted that, the larger the discreteness is, the more drastic the fluctuation of the signal amplitude in the sliding window is; and the larger the amplitude characteristic value is, the more drastic the change of the echo signal is.

[0051] Extract the phase spectrum of the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment;

[0052] In this embodiment, the phase spectrum is extracted using fast Fourier transform, wherein the fast Fourier transform is a well-known technology and will not be described in detail here. The horizontal axis of the phase spectrum represents the frequency component, and the vertical axis represents the phase.

[0053] Obtaining all peaks and troughs in the phase spectrum;

[0054] In this embodiment, a peak-to-valley second-order difference recognition algorithm is used to obtain peaks and troughs, wherein the peak-to-valley second-order difference recognition algorithm is a well-known technology and will not be repeated here. As other implementation methods, implementers can adopt other methods of existing technologies, such as AMPD (Automatic multiscale-based peak detection) algorithm, etc. This embodiment does not impose any special restrictions on this.

[0055] Calculate the average of the discrete degrees of the peak values ​​of all the peaks and the discrete degrees of the valley values ​​of all the valleys in the phase spectrum, and record it as the phase eigenvalue;

[0056] In this embodiment, the degree of dispersion is measured by the standard deviation. Therefore, the average of the standard deviations of the peak values ​​of all the peaks and the standard deviations of the valley values ​​of all the valleys in the phase spectrum is calculated and recorded as the phase characteristic value.

[0057] It should be noted that, the larger the phase characteristic value is, the more dramatic the change in the signal phase in the echo signal is.

[0058] The average of the amplitude characteristic value and the phase characteristic value is used as the signal fluctuation at each measurement moment.

[0059] It should be noted that, the greater the signal fluctuation, the more dramatic the changes in the signal amplitude and phase of the echo signal, and the more likely it is to be affected by the multipath effect.

[0060] Secondly, since electromagnetic waves will suffer energy loss during the transmission process, the degree of energy loss is generally related to the frequency of the transmission carrier, the transmission distance and the transmission medium. The transmission frequency of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the radar water level meter is fixed. When the radar water level meter measures the water level of the river section, its position is also fixed, so that the emitted electromagnetic waves have a relatively fixed propagation path, that is, the transmission distance of the emitted electromagnetic waves is relatively fixed, and the water surface of the river section where the radar water level meter is located usually has stronger absorption characteristics for electromagnetic waves than its shore, floating objects in the river, rocks and other obstacles. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave energy loss of the echo signal generated by the reflection of the water surface is greater. When the received echo signal contains echoes formed by the reflection or scattering of obstacles such as the shore, floating objects in the river and rocks, its echo signal has smaller electromagnetic wave energy loss, and is more affected by the multipath effect.

[0061] Based on the above analysis, the difference between the energy of the transmitted signal and the energy of the echo signal is analyzed to evaluate the energy loss, specifically:

[0062] Extract the energy spectrum of the transmitted signal and the energy spectrum of the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment respectively;

[0063] In this embodiment, the energy spectrum is extracted using fast Fourier transform, wherein the fast Fourier transform is a well-known technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0064] Calculate the mean of all amplitudes in the energy spectrum of the transmitted signal and record it as the transmitted energy;

[0065] Calculate the mean of all amplitudes in the energy spectrum of the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment, and record it as the received energy;

[0066] The difference between the transmitted energy and the received energy is recorded as the lost energy;

[0067] The ratio of the lost energy to the transmitted energy is recorded as the energy loss ratio;

[0068] It should be noted that the larger the energy loss ratio is, the greater the signal energy loss of the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the radar water level meter during its propagation process, and the echo signal will only receive relatively more reflected echoes from the water surface, and will be relatively less affected by the multipath effect.

[0069] Further, based on the signal fluctuation and the energy loss ratio, a first evaluation value is calculated, specifically:

[0070] Performing forward mapping on the energy loss ratio, and using a ratio of the signal fluctuation to a result of the forward mapping as a first evaluation value at each measurement moment;

[0071] In this embodiment, the specific process of positive mapping is: positive mapping is performed through an exponential function, assuming that the energy loss ratio is recorded as , then The result is the result of the positive mapping, where is an exponential function with a natural constant as its base.

[0072] It should be noted that the smaller the first evaluation value is, the less the echo signal corresponding to the measurement moment is affected by the multipath effect, and the water level data calculated by the echo signal corresponding to the measurement moment is closer to the true value.

[0073] At this point, the first evaluation value at each measurement moment is obtained.

[0074] Step 3: Obtain a second evaluation value at each measurement moment based on the difference between the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment and before and after denoising.

[0075] Furthermore, since water level measurement by radar water level gauge is affected by a certain amount of noise, a certain degree of noise will be introduced into the echo signal, resulting in errors in the water level measurement results. Therefore, the difference between the echo signal before and after denoising is analyzed, and the second evaluation value is calculated to reflect the impact of noise on the echo signal, specifically:

[0076] Performing denoising on the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment to obtain the denoised echo signal;

[0077] In this embodiment, a wavelet denoising algorithm is used for denoising. The wavelet denoising algorithm is a well-known technology and will not be described in detail here. As other implementation methods, the implementer can adopt other methods of the existing technology, such as the mean filtering algorithm, the Gaussian filtering algorithm, etc. This embodiment does not impose any special restrictions on this.

[0078] Calculating the difference between the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment and the denoised echo signal as a second evaluation value at each measurement moment;

[0079] In this embodiment, the inverse of the cosine similarity between the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment and the denoised echo signal is calculated as the second evaluation value for each measurement moment, wherein the calculation of cosine similarity is a well-known technology and will not be repeated here. As other implementation methods, the implementer can adopt other methods of the existing technology, such as DTW distance, etc., and this embodiment does not impose any special restrictions on this.

[0080] It should be noted that when calculating the reciprocal of cosine similarity, in order to avoid the denominator being 0, a preset value greater than 0 is added to the denominator. The range of the preset value greater than 0 is In this embodiment, the preset value greater than 0 is 0.01. As for other implementation methods, the implementer can set it according to the actual situation.

[0081] It should be noted that, the larger the second evaluation value is, the more the echo signal is affected by noise, and the greater the error in the water level data at the measurement moment.

[0082] At this point, the second evaluation value at each measurement moment is obtained.

[0083] Step 4: Based on the fluctuation of the water level data at different measurement moments within the neighborhood at each measurement moment, calculate the water level fluctuation degree at each measurement moment, and combine the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value to obtain the interference coefficient at each measurement moment; based on the water level data and the interference coefficient at each measurement moment and the multiple measurement moments before it, correct the water level data to obtain the corrected water level data at each measurement moment.

[0084] Secondly, if the water surface in the river section where the radar water level gauge is located fluctuates, the water level data at different measurement times will fluctuate to a certain extent. The greater the degree of fluctuation of the water level data in the local area, the less accurate the water level measurement result will be, and the greater the error will be. Therefore, by analyzing the fluctuation of the water level data at multiple measurement times in the local area, the water level fluctuation degree is calculated, specifically:

[0085] Calculate the discrete degree of water level data at each measurement time and multiple measurement times in its neighborhood, which is recorded as water level fluctuation;

[0086] In this embodiment, the degree of dispersion is measured by calculating the standard deviation of the water level data at each measurement moment and the 10 measurement moments in its neighborhood. As other implementation methods, the implementer may adopt other methods of the prior art, such as variance, coefficient of variation, etc. This embodiment does not impose any special restrictions on this.

[0087] It should be noted that, for the sake of ease of understanding, it is assumed that The measurement time, For example, the 10 measurement moments in its neighborhood are ,by For example, the 10 measurement moments in its neighborhood are .

[0088] It should be noted that the greater the water level fluctuation, the more dramatic the fluctuation of water level data in the local period, which reflects that the water level measurement result is more affected by the water surface fluctuation.

[0089] Furthermore, based on the first evaluation value, the second evaluation value and the water level fluctuation, the interference coefficient is calculated, specifically:

[0090] taking a normalized result of the product of the first evaluation value, the second evaluation value, and the water level fluctuation as the interference coefficient at each measurement moment;

[0091] In this embodiment, the sigmoid function is used for normalization processing, wherein the sigmoid function is a well-known technology and will not be described in detail here. As other implementation methods, the implementer can adopt other methods of the existing technology, such as the softmax function, the tanh function, etc., and this embodiment does not impose any special restrictions on this.

[0092] It should be noted that the larger the interference coefficient is, the greater the interference effect of noise, multipath effect and water surface fluctuation on the echo signal is, and the greater the error in the water level data calculated by the echo signal at the corresponding measurement time is, the less true the water level data is, and the lower the accuracy is. The flowchart of the step of the method for obtaining the interference coefficient provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 2shown.

[0093] Furthermore, the water level data is corrected by the interference coefficient at each measurement moment, specifically:

[0094] Record multiple measurement moments before each measurement moment as historical periods;

[0095] In this embodiment, the duration of the historical period is 1 minute. As other implementation methods, the implementer can set it according to actual conditions.

[0096] Taking the interference coefficient as a weight, weighted summation is performed on the water level data at all measurement moments in the historical period to obtain the corrected water level data at each measurement moment; thus completing the water level measurement of the water conservancy project.

[0097] An embodiment of the present application also provides a water level precision measurement system applied to water conservancy projects, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of any one of the above-mentioned water level precision measurement methods applied to water conservancy projects are implemented.

[0098] Based on the same inventive concept as the above method, an embodiment of the present application also provides a water level precision measurement device applied to water conservancy projects, wherein a computer program is stored in the device, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of any one of the above-mentioned water level precision measurement methods applied to water conservancy projects are implemented.

[0099] It should be understood that although Figure 1 The steps in the flowchart are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, but these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified in this document, there is no strict order restriction for the execution of these steps, and these steps can be executed in other orders. In addition, Figure 1 At least part of the steps may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least part of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0100] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0101] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the present application. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent variations, and modifications to the above embodiments made in accordance with the technical essence of the present application without departing from the content of the present application's technical solution fall within the scope of protection of the present application's technical solution.

Claims

1. A method for precise water level measurement applied to water conservancy projects, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Acquire in real time the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the radar water level meter to the water surface, recorded as the emission signal, and the echo signal received at each measurement moment, and obtain the water level data at each measurement moment measured by the radar water level meter through the received echo signal; Analyze the fluctuation of the signal amplitude in the echo signal at each measurement moment and the discreteness of the phase in the echo signal, and calculate the signal fluctuation degree at each measurement moment, including: constructing a sliding window of preset size, sliding all signal amplitudes in the echo signal, calculating the discreteness of all signal amplitudes in each sliding window, recording it as discreteness, and recording the standard deviation of the discreteness of all sliding windows as amplitude eigenvalue; extracting the phase spectrum of the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment, and obtaining all peaks and troughs in the phase spectrum; calculating the average of the discreteness of the peak values ​​of all peaks and the discreteness of the trough values ​​of all troughs in the phase spectrum, recording it as the phase eigenvalue; the signal fluctuation degree is the average of the amplitude eigenvalue and the phase eigenvalue; Extract the energy spectrum of the transmitted signal and the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment respectively, calculate the energy loss ratio at each measurement moment based on the energy difference between the two energy spectra, and determine the first evaluation value at each measurement moment in combination with the signal fluctuation; Based on the difference between the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment and before and after denoising, a second evaluation value is obtained at each measurement moment; based on the fluctuation of the water level data at different measurement moments within the neighborhood at each measurement moment, the water level fluctuation degree at each measurement moment is calculated, and the interference coefficient at each measurement moment is obtained by combining the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value; Based on the water level data at each measurement moment and the water level data at the previous measurement moments and the interference coefficient, the water level data is corrected to obtain the corrected water level data at each measurement moment.

2. The method for precise water level measurement applied to water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculating of the energy loss ratio at each measurement moment includes: Calculate the mean of all amplitudes in the energy spectrum of the transmitted signal and record it as the transmitted energy; Calculate the mean of all amplitudes in the energy spectrum of the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment, and record it as the received energy; The difference between the transmitted energy and the received energy is recorded as the lost energy; The energy loss ratio is the ratio of the lost energy to the transmitted energy.

3. The method for precise water level measurement applied to water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determining of the first evaluation value at each measurement moment includes: performing positive mapping on the energy loss ratio, and taking the ratio of the signal fluctuation to the result of the positive mapping as the first evaluation value at each measurement moment.

4. The method for precise water level measurement applied to water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: Obtaining the second evaluation value at each measurement moment includes: Performing denoising on the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment to obtain the denoised echo signal; The second evaluation value is the difference between the echo signal corresponding to each measurement moment and the denoised echo signal.

5. The method for precise water level measurement applied to water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water level fluctuation degree is the degree of dispersion of water level data at each measurement moment and multiple measurement moments in its neighborhood.

6. The method for precise water level measurement applied to water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interference coefficient is a normalized result of the product of the first evaluation value, the second evaluation value, and the water level fluctuation.

7. The method for precise water level measurement applied to water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of obtaining the corrected water level data at each measurement moment includes: recording multiple measurement moments before each measurement moment as a historical period; and taking the interference coefficient as a weight to perform weighted summation on the water level data of all measurement moments in the historical period as the corrected water level data at each measurement moment.

8. The water level precision measurement system used in water conservancy projects is characterized by: The system includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, and is characterized in that when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the water level precision measurement method applied to water conservancy projects as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A precision water level measuring device for use in a water conservancy project, wherein a computer program is stored in the device, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for precise water level measurement applied to a water conservancy project as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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