Dye-sensitized solar cell and packaging method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a dye-sensitized solar cell and a packaging method thereof. The dye-sensitized solar cell disclosed by the invention comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, electrolyte and frame sealing glue, the first substrate comprises a first substrate, a first conductive film arranged on the first substrate and a porous thin film layer arranged on one side, far away from the first substrate, of the first conductive film; the second substrate comprises a second substrate and a counter electrode layer arranged on the second substrate; and the electrolyte and the porous film layer are sealed between the first conductive film and the counter electrode layer by the frame sealing glue. Dye molecules are adsorbed on the surfaces of the functional particles. The functional particles are adsorbed on the surface of the porous film layer. According to the dye-sensitized solar cell disclosed by the invention, the dye molecules are self-adsorbed to the surface of the porous thin film layer through the self-adsorption effect of the functional particles or under the effect of external conditions, additional preset conditions are not needed, an opening does not need to be reserved for filling, and the sealing performance of the cell can be ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of solar cell production, and particularly to a dye-sensitized solar cell and a packaging method thereof. Background Art

[0002] A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is an artificial photosynthesis-type solar cell developed by imitating green leaves of plants, which mainly includes a photoanode substrate, a counter electrode substrate, a dye sensitizer, a redox electrolyte, etc. Among them, the dye sensitizer generates photo-generated carriers under illumination and is required to have a wide absorption spectrum to make full use of sunlight; the photoanode substrate includes a first substrate and a porous film and a photoanode provided on the first substrate, and the counter electrode substrate includes a second substrate and a counter electrode provided on the second substrate. The porous film serves as a carrier for dye molecules and plays a role in transporting electrons. The redox electrolyte is used to reduce the oxidized dye molecules and replenish them near the dye molecules in a timely manner; the counter electrode and the photoanode serve as two poles of the solar cell and can catalyze the redox reaction of the electrolyte in some cases.

[0003] This battery structure generally contains a liquid electrolyte solution, and the dye therein is easily denatured due to the intrusion of water vapor. Therefore, the quality of packaging largely determines the life of this battery. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present disclosure aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provides a dye-sensitized solar cell and a packaging method thereof.

[0005] To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a dye-sensitized solar cell, including: a first substrate, a second substrate, an electrolyte solution, and a sealing adhesive; the first substrate includes: a first substrate, a first conductive film provided on the first substrate, and a porous film layer provided on a side of the first conductive film away from the first substrate; the second substrate includes: a second substrate and a counter electrode layer provided on the second substrate; the sealing adhesive seals the electrolyte solution and the porous film layer between the first conductive film and the counter electrode layer. Dye molecules are adsorbed on the surface of functional particles; the functional particles are adsorbed on the surface of the porous film layer.

[0006] Optionally, the functional particles include first magnetic particles and a protective layer coating the first magnetic particles; the dye molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the protective layer; the functional particles are electrostatically adsorbed on the surface of the porous film layer.

[0007] Optionally, the functional particles include first magnetic particles, and second magnetic particles are wrapped in the material of the porous film layer, and the second magnetic particles attract the first magnetic particles.

[0008] Optionally, the functional particles include electrophoretic particles.

[0009] Optionally, the electrophoretic particles are made of the same material as the porous thin film layer.

[0010] Optionally, a charge control agent is adsorbed on the surface of the electrophoretic particles, and the charge control agent is used to make the electrophoretic particles carry charges; the dye molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the charge control agent.

[0011] Optionally, a charge assisting agent is further adsorbed on the surface of the electrophoretic particles; the charge assisting agent is used to enhance the effect of the charge control agent.

[0012] Optionally, a stabilizer is further adsorbed on the surface of the electrophoretic particles; the stabilizer is used to adjust the lipophilicity of the electrophoretic particles.

[0013] Optionally, the dye-sensitized solar cell further includes: a second conductive film disposed between the second substrate and the counter electrode layer.

[0014] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a packaging method for a dye-sensitized solar cell, including:

[0015] Providing a first substrate and a second substrate of a dye-sensitized solar cell; the first substrate includes: a first substrate, a first conductive film disposed on the first substrate, and a porous thin film layer disposed on a side of the first conductive film away from the first substrate; the second substrate includes: a second substrate and a counter electrode layer disposed on the second substrate;

[0016] Dropping a mixed solution onto one of the first substrate and the second substrate, and applying a sealing frame adhesive onto the other; the mixed solution includes an electrolyte solution and dye molecules adsorbed on the surface of functional particles;

[0017] Encapsulating the first substrate and the second substrate in a pair of boxes so that the sealing frame adhesive seals the electrolyte solution and the porous thin film layer between the first conductive film and the counter electrode layer;

[0018] Wherein, the functional particles can be self-assembled and adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer; or, after the step of encapsulating the first substrate and the second substrate in a pair of boxes, the method further includes: applying a preset condition to drive the functional particles to be adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer.

[0019] Optionally, the functional particles include first magnetic particles and a protective layer coating the first magnetic particles; the dye molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the protective layer;

[0020] After the step of aligning the first substrate with the second substrate, the following steps are further included: applying preset conditions to drive the dye molecules to adsorb on the surface of the porous thin film layer;

[0021] Among them, the step of applying the preset conditions includes: applying an external magnetic field to drive the dye molecules to move towards the porous thin film layer and adsorb on the surface of the porous thin film layer by electrostatic adsorption.

[0022] Optionally, the functional particles include first magnetic particles, and second magnetic particles are encapsulated in the porous thin film layer. The second magnetic particles are magnetically attracted to the first magnetic particles, so that the functional particles can be self-assembled and adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer.

[0023] Optionally, the functional particles include electrophoretic particles, and a charge control agent is further included in the mixed solution. The charge control agent is used to make the electrophoretic particles carry charges;

[0024] After the step of aligning the first substrate with the second substrate, the following steps are further included: applying preset conditions to drive the dye molecules to adsorb on the surface of the porous thin film layer;

[0025] Among them, the step of applying the preset conditions includes: applying an external electric field.

[0026] Optionally, a charge assistant is further included in the mixed solution; the charge assistant is used to enhance the effect of the charge control agent.

[0027] Optionally, a stabilizer is further included in the mixed solution; the stabilizer is adsorbed on the surface of the electrophoretic particles and is used to adjust the lipophilicity of the electrophoretic particles so that the electrophoretic particles are uniformly dispersed in the mixed solution.

[0028] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides another encapsulation method for a dye-sensitized solar cell, including:

[0029] Providing a first substrate and a second substrate of a dye-sensitized solar cell; the first substrate includes: a first substrate, a first conductive film disposed on the first substrate, and a porous thin film layer disposed on a side of the first conductive film away from the first substrate; the porous thin film layer adsorbs dye molecules; the second substrate includes: a second substrate and a counter electrode layer disposed on the second substrate;

[0030] Dripping an electrolyte onto one of the first substrate and the second substrate, and coating a sealing frame adhesive on the other;

[0031] Aligning and encapsulating the first substrate and the second substrate so that the sealing frame adhesive seals the electrolyte and the porous thin film layer between the first conductive film and the counter electrode layer. Description of the Drawings

[0032] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific embodiments, they are used to explain the present disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation to the present disclosure. In the accompanying drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the adsorption of dye molecules on the surface of functional particles according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the adsorption of dye molecules on the surface of functional particles according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the adsorption of dye molecules on the surface of functional particles according to still some other embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a first substrate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a second substrate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a second substrate according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram after dropping a mixed solution onto the first substrate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 10 is a top view schematic diagram after dropping a mixed solution onto the first substrate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0043] Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of applying glue to the second substrate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0044] Figure 12 is a top view schematic diagram of applying glue to the second substrate according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0045] Figure 13 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram after the first substrate and the second substrate, which have respectively been dropped with a mixed solution and applied with glue, are encapsulation-paired and packaged according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0046] Figure 14 It is a process diagram of attracting the first electromagnetic particles in the mixed solution to the surface of the porous thin film layer of the first substrate by applying an electromagnetic field in some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0047] Figure 15 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the battery after attracting electrophoretic particles in the mixed solution to the surface of the porous thin film layer of the first substrate by applying an external electric field in some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0048] Figure 16 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of dropping an electrolyte solution onto the first substrate in some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0049] Figure 17 It is a top view of dropping an electrolyte solution onto the first substrate in some other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0050] 1. First substrate 2. Second substrate 3. Mixed solution

[0051] 4. Sealing adhesive 5. Electrolyte solution 6. Functional particles

[0052] 7. Stabilizer 8. Dye molecule 9. Charge control agent

[0053] 10. Electromagnet

[0054] 101. First substrate 102. First conductive film 103. Porous thin film layer

[0055] 201. Second substrate 202. Counter electrode layer 203. Second conductive film Detailed implementation manners

[0056] The following will describe the detailed implementation manners of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation manners described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present disclosure, and are not used to limit the present disclosure.

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the described embodiments of the present disclosure without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0058] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure shall have the ordinary meanings understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure pertains. The "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present disclosure do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the elements or items appearing before the word cover the elements or items listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0059] As used herein, "parallel" and "perpendicular" include the stated situations and situations similar to the stated situations, where the range of the similar situations is within an acceptable deviation range, and the acceptable deviation range is determined by those of ordinary skill in the art considering the measurements being discussed and the errors associated with the measurements of specific quantities (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, "parallel" includes absolute parallelism and approximate parallelism, where the acceptable deviation range for approximate parallelism can be, for example, within 5° deviation; "perpendicular" includes absolute perpendicularity and approximate perpendicularity, where the acceptable deviation range for approximate perpendicularity can also be, for example, within 5° deviation.

[0060] It should be understood that when a layer or element is referred to as being on another layer or substrate, it can be that the layer or element is directly on the other layer or substrate, or there can be an intermediate layer between the layer or element and the other layer or substrate.

[0061] Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-sectional views and / or plan views that are idealized exemplary drawings. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and regions is exaggerated for clarity. Thus, variations in the shape relative to the drawings due to, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances are contemplated. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments should not be construed as limited to the shapes of the regions shown herein, but include shape deviations caused, for example, by manufacturing. Thus, the regions shown in the drawings are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to show the actual shape of the regions of the device and are not intended to limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

[0062] In the related art, the encapsulation process of a dye-sensitized solar cell includes: first adsorbing a dye on a first substrate (photoanode substrate), then successively performing cleaning and drying, connecting the first substrate and a second substrate (counter electrode substrate) using a sealing adhesive, and leaving an opening at the joint between the sealing adhesive and the first substrate or the second substrate. Subsequently, an electrolyte is poured into the space between the first substrate and the second substrate through the opening, and then the opening is sealed with the sealing adhesive to complete the encapsulation of the battery. Obviously, this encapsulation process includes processes such as battery dye adsorption, cleaning, drying, liquid filling, and sealing, with a complex process; and because an opening needs to be left for electrolyte filling, it may also lead to excessive use of the electrolyte, resulting in waste and other problems; at the same time, after the liquid filling is completed, the opening needs to be secondarily encapsulated, which easily leads to poor sealing of the encapsulated battery, and further leads to problems such as water vapor intrusion into the battery, causing deterioration of the battery performance.

[0063] In order to solve at least one of the above technical problems, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a dye-sensitized solar cell and its encapsulation method. The dye-sensitized solar cell and its encapsulation method provided by embodiments of the present disclosure will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0064] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a dye-sensitized solar cell. Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional structure diagram of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of dye molecules adsorbed on the surface of functional particles according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of dye molecules adsorbed on the surface of functional particles according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of dye molecules adsorbed on the surface of functional particles according to still other embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional structure diagram of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0065] As Figure 1 shown, the dye-sensitized solar cell includes: a first substrate 1, a second substrate 2, an electrolyte 5, and a sealing adhesive 4. The first substrate 1 includes: a first substrate 101, a first conductive film 102 disposed on the first substrate 101, and a porous thin film layer 103 disposed on a side of the first conductive film 102 facing away from the first substrate 101. The second substrate 2 includes: a second substrate 201 and a counter electrode layer 202 disposed on the second substrate 201; the sealing adhesive 4 seals the electrolyte 5 and the porous thin film layer 103 between the first conductive film 102 and the counter electrode layer 202. As Figure 2 shown, dye molecules 8 are adsorbed on the surface of functional particles 6. The functional particles 6 are adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer 103.

[0066] In the dye-sensitized solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, by adsorbing the dye molecule 8 on the surface of the functional particle 6 and the functional particle 6 on the surface of the porous thin film layer 103, the dye molecule 8 is adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer 103. Therefore, in the preparation process of the dye-sensitized solar cell, the dye molecule adsorbed with the functional particle 6 can be directly dropped into the electrolyte, and then the electrolyte is dropped onto one of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, and a sealing adhesive is coated on the other one. The first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 can be directly packaged in a cell to obtain the packaged dye-sensitized solar cell; after the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are packaged in a cell, the dye molecule 8 is adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer 103 through the functional particle 6, without additional preset conditions and without reserving an opening for liquid injection, which can ensure the sealing of the battery.

[0067] Optionally, both the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 201 are glass substrates.

[0068] Optionally, the first conductive film 102 can be a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin film. The optional materials of the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin film include but are not limited to various Sn-based, Zn-based, Ti-based, In-based, and Ga-based oxides or other single-element doped and multi-element doped compound transparent conductive thin films such as FTO, ITO, AZO, ATO, STO, IZO, IGO, IGZO, TiO2, ZnO, etc., as well as amorphous compounds and sulfides, selenides, etc. Among them, the first conductive film 102 can include a plurality of spaced conductive parts, and a porous thin film layer 103 can be formed on one side of each conductive part away from the first substrate 101.

[0069] Optionally, the optional materials of the counter electrode layer 202 include but are not limited to FTO, C, Ti, Pt, stainless steel, ITO, AZO. The porous thin film layer 103 can be a TiO2 porous thin film.

[0070] Optionally, the sealing adhesive 4 can be a heat-curing adhesive or a light-curing adhesive; during the process of packaging the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 in a cell, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 can be paired in a cell first, so that the colloidal sealing adhesive 4 connects the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2; then heating or light irradiation is performed to change the sealing adhesive 4 from a colloid to a solid, thereby sealing the electrolyte 5 and the porous thin film layer 103 between the first conductive film 102 and the counter electrode layer 202.

[0071] In some embodiments, the functional particle 6 includes a first magnetic particle and a protective layer coating the first magnetic particle. The dye molecule 8 is adsorbed on the surface of the protective layer; the functional particle 6 is electrostatically adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer..

[0072] Optionally, the first magnetic particles are magnetic particles prepared from metals such as iron, cobalt, and nickel. Optionally, the first magnetic particles may be magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4. The magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 can be prepared by methods such as hydrothermal synthesis, precipitation, microemulsion, and sol-gel methods.

[0073] Optionally, the protective layer coated on the surface of the first magnetic particles is used to protect the surface of the first magnetic particles, including organic protective layers and inorganic protective layers. Optionally, the organic protective layer uses organic substances such as chitosan. Optionally, the inorganic protective layer uses inorganic substances such as SiO2, polystyrene, and NiSiO3. The first magnetic particles coated with the protective layer not only maintain their magnetic properties, but also enhance their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, chemical stability, and thermal properties. Coating a protective layer on the surface of the first magnetic particles can prevent the first magnetic particles from losing their magnetism and / or dispersibility due to easy aggregation caused by the large specific surface area of the first magnetic particles. The first magnetic particles can be selected as magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4, and surface protection can also prevent problems such as the loss of the unique properties of the magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4.

[0074] Optionally, the protective layer coated on the surface of the first magnetic particles can also be electrostatically adsorbed and combined with the surface of the material molecules in the porous thin film layer 103.

[0075] In some other embodiments, the functional particle 6 is the first magnetic particle, and the second magnetic particle is encapsulated in the material of the porous thin film layer 103, and the second magnetic particle attracts the first magnetic particle.

[0076] Optionally, the second magnetic particles can also be magnetic particles prepared from metals such as iron, cobalt, and nickel. Optionally, the second magnetic particles can be magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4.

[0077] In some other embodiments, the functional particle 6 is an electrophoretic particle.

[0078] Optionally, the electrophoretic particle can be any particle that is charged or easily acquires a charge, and the particle size is as small as possible. The electrophoretic particle can be a particle of a single pigment or a composite pigment, but it is required that the electrophoretic particle has low solubility and certain chemical stability in the electrolyte.

[0079] Optionally, the electrophoretic particles are made of the same material as the porous thin film layer. For example, when the porous thin film layer 103 is a TiO2 porous thin film, it is preferable to use the white pigment TiO2 commonly used in electrophoretic electronic paper as the core of the electrophoretic particles. The particle size of the core TiO2 of the electrophoretic particles can be selected in the range of 5 nm to 5 μm. In these embodiments, for the selection of the material of the electrophoretic particles, it is considered that when the material of the electrophoretic particles is exactly the same as that of the porous thin film layer of the dye-sensitized solar cell, no additional impurity particles will be introduced, and at the same time, the conditions such as the immiscibility of the electrophoretic particles and the electrolyte 5 are also satisfied. At the same time, the electrophoretic particles can also serve as new light scattering centers, thereby enhancing the light scattering at the interface between the first substrate 1 and the dye, and thus enhancing the light absorption of the dye. Optionally, the electrophoretic particles can also be white electrophoretic particles such as ZnO, SiO2, BaS, etc. However, these materials are different from the material TiO2 of the porous thin film layer 103 of the first substrate 1. When selecting, the influence of the energy band structure of the electrophoretic particles and the adsorption effect on the photoanode surface also needs to be considered additionally.

[0080] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 shown, the functional particles 6 (the functional particles 6 in this embodiment are electrophoretic particles) are adsorbed with a charge control agent 9 on the surface. The dye molecules 8 are adsorbed on the surface of the charge control agent 9. The charge control agent 9 is used to make the electrophoretic particles carry charges.

[0081] Optionally, the charge control agent 9 includes but is not limited to organic sulfates (such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, barium dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, etc.), metal soaps (naphthalates or stearates of metals such as cobalt, aluminum, iron, etc.), organic amines, organic phosphates or phosphoric esters, fluorine-containing molecules, etc.

[0082] In some other embodiments, the electrophoretic particles are adsorbed with a charge control agent 9 and a charge assisting agent on the surface. The charge assisting agent is used to enhance the effect of the charge control agent.

[0083] Optionally, the charge assisting agent includes but is not limited to polyhydroxy compounds or amino alcohol compounds, etc.

[0084] In some other embodiments, as Figure 4 shown, on the surface of the functional particles 6 (the functional particles 6 in this embodiment are electrophoretic particles), a charge control agent 9 and a stabilizer 7 are adsorbed. Specifically, the charge control agent is adsorbed on the surface of the electrophoretic particles, and the stabilizer is adsorbed on the surface of the charge control agent. The stabilizer 7 is used to adjust the lipophilicity of the electrophoretic particles in the electrolyte 5, so that the electrophoretic particles are uniformly dispersed in the electrolyte 5, and further the electrophoretic particles are uniformly adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer 103. The dye molecules 8 are adsorbed on the surface of the charge control agent 9.

[0085] Optionally, the material of the stabilizer includes but is not limited to silanes with long-chain alkyl groups, titanates, aluminum-based or vinyl-based coupling agents, etc.

[0086] In some other embodiments, as Figure 5 shown, the dye-sensitized solar cell provided by the present disclosure further includes a second conductive film 203 disposed between the second substrate 201 and the counter electrode layer 202.

[0087] Optionally, the second conductive film 203 may be a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin film. Optional materials for the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin film include, but are not limited to, various Sn-based, Zn-based, Ti-based, In-based, and Ga-based oxides such as FTO, ITO, AZO, ATO, STO, IZO, IGO, IGZO, TiO2, ZnO, etc., and other single-element doped or multi-element doped compound transparent conductive thin films, as well as amorphous compounds and sulfides, selenides, etc.

[0088] Second, in some embodiments, a packaging method for a dye-sensitized solar cell provided by the present disclosure includes the following steps:

[0089] S1. Provide a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2 of the dye-sensitized solar cell.

[0090] Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the first substrate 1. As Figure 6 shown, the first substrate 1 includes: a first substrate 101, a first conductive film 102 disposed on the first substrate 101, and a porous thin film layer 103 disposed on a side of the first conductive film 102 away from the first substrate 101; Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the second substrate 2 in some embodiments. Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the second substrate 2 in some other embodiments. As Figure 7 shown, the second substrate 2 includes: a second substrate 201 and a counter electrode layer 202 disposed on the second substrate 201. Alternatively, as Figure 8 shown, the second substrate 2 includes: a second substrate 201, a second conductive film 203 disposed on the second substrate 201, and a counter electrode layer 202 disposed on a side of the second conductive film 203 away from the second substrate 201. S2. Drop a mixed solution 3 onto one of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, and apply a sealing frame adhesive 4 onto the other; the mixed solution 3 includes an electrolyte 5 and dye molecules 8 adsorbed on the surface of functional particles.

[0091] Optionally, as Figure 9 and 10 shown, in some embodiments, drop the mixed solution 3 onto the first substrate 1, wherein Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of dropping the mixed solution 3 onto the first substrate 1, Figure 10 is a top view of dropping the mixed solution 3 onto the first substrate 1. As Figure 11 and Figure 12As shown, a sealing adhesive 4 is coated on the second substrate 2. Among them, Figure 11 is a sectional view of coating the sealing adhesive 4 on the second substrate 2, Figure 12 and is a top view of coating the sealing adhesive 4 on the second substrate 2.

[0092] Optionally, the electrolyte 5 is an I - / I3 - electrolyte solution.

[0093] Optionally, the dye molecule 8 is an N719 dye.

[0094] S3. As Figure 13 shown, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are encapsulated in a facing manner so that the sealing adhesive 4 seals the mixed solution 3 and the porous thin film layer 103 between the first conductive film 102 and the counter electrode layer 202.

[0095] In some embodiments, the functional particles 6 can be self-assembled and adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer 103; among them, the functional particles 6 are first magnetic particles, and the second magnetic particles are wrapped in the porous thin film layer 103. The second magnetic particles and the first magnetic particles are magnetically attracted to each other so that the functional particles can be self-assembled and adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer.

[0096] Optionally, both the first magnetic particles and the second magnetic particles are magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4. Specifically, magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 are added to the mixed solution 3 so that the magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 are electrostatically adsorbed and combined with the dye molecule 8. The combined whole structure is denoted as magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4@dye molecule. In addition, magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 are also added during the preparation of the porous thin film layer 103 so that the magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 are coated by the material molecules of the porous thin film layer 103, denoted as magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4@material molecules of the porous thin film layer. When the porous thin film layer 103 is a TiO2 porous thin film, it is denoted as magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4@TiO2. On this basis, when the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are encapsulated in a facing manner, the self-assembled adsorption of the magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4@dye molecule 8 and the magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4@TiO2 can be realized.

[0097] In the above embodiments, by dropping the mixed solution 3 onto one of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 and coating the sealing adhesive on the other, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 can be directly encapsulated in a facing manner to obtain the encapsulated dye-sensitized solar cell; that is, after the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are encapsulated in a facing manner, the attractive force between the first magnetic particles and the second magnetic particles directly self-adsorbs the dye molecule 8 onto the surface of the porous thin film layer 103, without additional preset conditions and without reserving an opening for liquid injection, which can ensure the sealing of the battery.

[0098] In some other embodiments, the functional particle 6 includes a first magnetic particle and a protective layer coating the first magnetic particle. The dye molecule 8 is adsorbed on the surface of the protective layer; after the step of aligning the first substrate 1 with the second substrate 2, the following steps are further included: S4. Applying preset conditions to drive the dye molecule 8 to be adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer; wherein, the step of applying the preset conditions includes: applying an external magnetic field to drive the dye molecule to move towards the porous thin film layer and electrostatically adsorb on the surface of the porous thin film layer.

[0099] Specifically, magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 with a protective layer on the surface are added to the mixed solution, so that the magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 are electrostatically adsorbed and combined with the dye molecule 8, and the combined whole structure is denoted as magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4@dye molecule. Additionally, as Figure 14 shown, after the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are aligned and encapsulated, an external magnetic field is applied on the side of the first substrate 1 or the second substrate 2. Under the action of the external magnetic field, the magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4@dye molecule are attracted to the surface of the porous thin film layer 103. Specifically, the application of the external magnetic field is achieved by arranging a permanent magnet or an electromagnet 10 on the side of the first substrate 1 or the second substrate 2. Optionally, an alternating current signal is applied to the electromagnet 10 so that the magnetic field intensity and polarity of the external magnetic field can change rapidly, so that the magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 can be evenly distributed on the surface of the porous thin film layer. The protective layer coated on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4@dye molecule is electrostatically adsorbed and adhered to the material molecules of the porous thin film layer 103, such as TiO2 molecules, so as to firmly fix the dye molecule 8 on the surface of the porous thin film layer 103. In this embodiment, adding a second magnetic particle during the preparation of the porous thin film layer 103 is avoided, and the resistance change of the porous thin film layer 103 is also avoided.

[0100] In some other embodiments, the functional particle includes an electrophoretic particle, and the mixed solution 3 further includes a charge control agent 9, and the charge control agent 9 is used to make the electrophoretic particle carry a charge; after the step of aligning the first substrate 1 with the second substrate 2, the following steps are further included: S4'. Applying preset conditions to drive the dye molecule 8 to be adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer 103; wherein, the step of applying the preset conditions includes: applying an external electric field.

[0101] Specifically, electrophoretic particles and a charge control agent 9 are added to the mixed solution 3; the charge control agent 9 is adsorbed on the surface of the electrophoretic particle to make the electrophoretic particle carry a charge; the charged electrophoretic particle is adsorbed to the surface of the porous thin film layer 103 under the action of an external electric field. The electrophoretic particle after adsorbing the dye molecule 8 is denoted as electrophoretic particle@dye molecule, and the dye molecule 8 and the charge control agent 9 are adsorbed on the surface of the electrophoretic particle.

[0102] In some embodiments, in addition to adding electrophoretic particles and charge control agent 9 to the mixed solution 3, a charge assisting agent is also added to the mixed solution; the charge assisting agent is used to enhance the effect of the charge control agent.

[0103] Optionally, the charge assisting agent includes, but is not limited to, polyhydroxy compounds or amino alcohol compounds, etc.

[0104] In some embodiments, in addition to adding electrophoretic particles and charge control agent 9 to the mixed solution 3, a stabilizer is also added to the mixed solution 3. Adding a stabilizer to the mixed solution 3 can reduce the surface energy of the electrophoretic particles, causing the electrophoretic particles to be separated from each other and not agglomerate together; the stabilizer adsorbs on the surface of the electrophoretic particles, which can adjust the lipophilicity of the electrophoretic particles, making the electrophoretic particles better soluble in the mixed solution 3, so that the electrophoretic particles are uniformly dispersed in the mixed solution 3, thereby improving the stability of the entire mixed solution 3.

[0105] Optionally, the material of the stabilizer includes, but is not limited to, silanes with long-chain alkyl groups, titanates, aluminum-based or vinyl-based coupling agents, etc.

[0106] Specifically, after dripping the mixed solution 3 including electrophoretic particles, dye molecules 8, electrolyte 5, stabilizer and charge control agent 9, etc. on the surface of the first substrate 1, and applying the sealing frame adhesive 4 to the second substrate 2, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are normally encapsulated in a cell; the cross-sectional structure diagram of the cell after the encapsulation is as Figure 13 shown.

[0107] After the encapsulation in a cell is completed, as Figure 15 shown, by applying an external electric field, the electrophoretic particle @ dye molecules are driven to move towards the surface of the first substrate 1, thereby realizing the adsorption of the dye molecules 8 on the surface of the first substrate 1. Under the action of the external electric field, the electrophoretic particle @ dye molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer 103 of the first substrate 1. The direction of the current or the electric field can be selected according to needs, and only an example is shown in the figure.

[0108] In the above embodiments, by dripping 3 drops of the mixed solution onto one of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, applying a sealing adhesive on the other one, and then performing a cell alignment and encapsulation on the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, and then applying an external electric field or an external magnetic field, the encapsulated dye-sensitized solar cell can be obtained; although compared with the self-adsorption method of dye molecules achieved by the attraction between the first magnetic particles and the second magnetic particles, this encapsulation process has an additional step of applying an external magnetic field or an external electric field, the application of the external magnetic field or the external electric field is convenient and controllable, and also omits the step of adding the second magnetic particles when preparing the porous thin film layer 103 so that the porous thin film layer 103 is wrapped with the second magnetic particles, avoiding problems such as the change of the resistance of the porous thin film layer 103. At the same time, this encapsulation process also does not require an additional reserved opening for liquid injection, the process is simple, and the sealing of the battery obtained after encapsulation is ensured.

[0109] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for encapsulating a dye-sensitized solar cell, including:

[0110] S1. Provide the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 of the dye-sensitized solar cell; the first substrate 1 includes: a first substrate 101, a first conductive film 102 disposed on the first substrate 101, and a porous thin film layer 103 disposed on a side of the first conductive film 102 away from the first substrate 101; the porous thin film layer 103 adsorbs dye molecules 8; the second substrate 2 includes: a second substrate 201 and a counter electrode layer 202 disposed on the second substrate 201.

[0111] S2. As Figure 16 shown, drip the electrolyte 5 onto one of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, and apply a sealing adhesive 4 on the other one.

[0112] S3. Perform a cell alignment and encapsulation on the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 so that the sealing adhesive 4 seals the electrolyte 5 and the porous thin film layer 103 between the first conductive film 102 and the counter electrode layer 202.

[0113] In the above embodiments, by dripping the electrolyte 5 onto one of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, and applying a sealing adhesive 4 on the other one, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 can be directly subjected to cell alignment and encapsulation to obtain the encapsulated dye-sensitized solar cell; this encapsulation process also does not require an additional reserved opening for liquid injection, the process is simpler, and the sealing of the dye-sensitized solar cell obtained after encapsulation is ensured.

[0114] In some embodiments, as Figure 17 shown, when dripping the electrolyte 5 or the mixed solution 3 onto the first substrate 1, divide the plurality of conductive parts on the first substrate 1 and the porous thin film layers formed on each conductive part into corresponding multiple units, and then perform dripping on each unit separately.

[0115] In the above embodiments, the dripping electrolyte 5 or the mixed solution 3 has a certain viscosity, which can adhere well to the surface of the first substrate 1 or the second substrate 2, thereby ensuring the quality during the encapsulation process; and the electrolyte 5 or the mixed solution 3 is not miscible with the dye.

[0116] It can be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments adopted to illustrate the principle of the present disclosure. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present disclosure, and these modifications and improvements are also regarded as the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A dye-sensitized solar cell, comprising: The first substrate, the second substrate, the electrolyte, and the sealant. The first substrate includes: a first substrate, a first conductive film disposed on the first substrate, and a porous thin film layer disposed on a side of the first conductive film away from the first substrate; the second substrate includes: a second substrate and a counter electrode layer disposed on the second substrate; the sealant seals the electrolyte and the porous thin film layer between the first conductive film and the counter electrode layer; and it is characterized in that dye molecules are adsorbed on the surface of functional particles; and the functional particles are adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer.

2. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional particles include first magnetic particles and a protective layer coating the first magnetic particles; the dye molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the protective layer; and the functional particles are electrostatically adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer.

3. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional particles include first magnetic particles, and second magnetic particles are encapsulated in the material of the porous thin film layer, and the second magnetic particles attract the first magnetic particles.

4. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The functional particles include electrophoretic particles.

5. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 4, wherein The electrophoretic particles are made of the same material as the porous thin film layer.

6. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that, A charge control agent is adsorbed on the surface of the electrophoretic particles, and the charge control agent is used to make the electrophoretic particles carry charges; the dye molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the charge control agent.

7. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 6, wherein A charge auxiliary agent is further adsorbed on the surface of the electrophoretic particles; and the charge auxiliary agent is used to enhance the effect of the charge control agent.

8. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, A stabilizer is further adsorbed on the surface of the electrophoretic particles; and the stabilizer is used to adjust the lipophilicity of the electrophoretic particles.

9. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The dye-sensitized solar cell further includes: a second conductive film disposed between the second substrate and the counter electrode layer.

10. A packaging method for a dye-sensitized solar cell, characterized in that, Including: Providing a first substrate and a second substrate of a dye-sensitized solar cell; The first substrate includes: a first substrate, a first conductive film disposed on the first substrate, and a porous thin film layer disposed on a side of the first conductive film away from the first substrate; the second substrate includes: a second substrate and a counter electrode layer disposed on the second substrate; Dripping a mixed solution onto one of the first substrate and the second substrate, and coating a sealant on the other; the mixed solution includes an electrolyte and dye molecules adsorbed on the surface of functional particles; Oppositely laminating and packaging the first substrate and the second substrate so that the sealant seals the electrolyte and the porous thin film layer between the first conductive film and the counter electrode layer; Wherein, the functional particles can be self-assembled and adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer; or, after the step of oppositely laminating and packaging the first substrate and the second substrate, the method further includes: applying a preset condition to drive the functional particles to be adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer.

11. The encapsulation method of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 10, wherein The functional particles include first magnetic particles and a protective layer coating the first magnetic particles; the dye molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the protective layer; After the step of oppositely laminating and packaging the first substrate and the second substrate, the method further includes: applying a preset condition to drive the dye molecules to be adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer; Among them, the step of applying the preset conditions includes: applying an external magnetic field to drive the dye molecules to move towards the porous thin film layer and adsorb on the surface of the porous thin film layer through electrostatic adsorption.

12. The encapsulation method of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 10, characterized in that, The functional particles include first magnetic particles, and second magnetic particles are encapsulated in the porous thin film layer. The second magnetic particles are magnetically attracted to the first magnetic particles so that the functional particles can be self-assembled and adsorbed on the surface of the porous thin film layer.

13. The encapsulation method of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 10, characterized in that, The functional particles include electrophoretic particles, and the mixed solution further includes a charge control agent for making the electrophoretic particles carry charges. After the step of aligning the first substrate and the second substrate, the following step is also included: applying preset conditions to drive the dye molecules to adsorb on the surface of the porous thin film layer. Among them, the step of applying the preset conditions includes: applying an external electric field.

14. The encapsulation method of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 13, wherein, The mixed solution further includes: a charge assisting agent; the charge assisting agent is used to enhance the effect of the charge control agent.

15. The encapsulation method of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 13, characterized in that, The mixed solution further includes: a stabilizer; the stabilizer adsorbs on the surface of the electrophoretic particles and is used to adjust the lipophilicity of the electrophoretic particles so that the electrophoretic particles are uniformly dispersed in the mixed solution.

16. A packaging method for a dye-sensitized solar cell, characterized in that, Including: Providing a first substrate and a second substrate of a dye-sensitized solar cell; The first substrate includes: a first substrate, a first conductive film provided on the first substrate, and a porous thin film layer provided on a side of the first conductive film away from the first substrate; the porous thin film layer adsorbs dye molecules; the second substrate includes: a second substrate and a counter electrode layer provided on the second substrate. Dripping an electrolyte onto one of the first substrate and the second substrate and applying a sealing frame adhesive on the other. Aligning and encapsulating the first substrate and the second substrate so that the sealing frame adhesive seals the electrolyte and the porous thin film layer between the first conductive film and the counter electrode layer.

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