A safe explosion-proof fuel cell

Abstract

The application is suitable for the field of fuel cell technology, and particularly relates to a safe and explosion-proof fuel cell. The safe and explosion-proof fuel cell comprises a protective cover, a plurality of battery units connected through plug-in connection are arranged in the protective cover, a temperature sensor is arranged on the protective cover and is used for monitoring the temperature of the battery units, a first gas supply port and a second gas supply port are arranged on the protective cover, an electricity connection port is further arranged on the protective cover and is used for connecting a power supply system, a plurality of notches are arranged at the bottom of the protective cover, the notches are stepped notches, a groove cover is arranged in each notch, the groove cover is also a stepped structure, and the groove cover and the notch are connected through magnetic force. Through the plug-in connection mode, the connection of the battery unit can be disconnected in time when the battery unit is abnormal, and the battery unit can be abandoned in the case of extremely high temperature to avoid temperature out of control of the whole battery module, so that the explosion is avoided, and the safety of the battery module is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular relates to a safe and explosion-proof fuel cell. Background Technology

[0002] A fuel cell is a device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuels such as hydrogen into electrical energy. This process is clean and efficient, with water as the main byproduct. It releases energy through electrochemical reactions rather than traditional combustion, thus exhibiting high energy conversion efficiency and low environmental pollution. Fuel cells can be applied in various fields, including transportation, stationary power plants, and portable electronic devices, and are considered one of the important future directions for clean energy technology development. Depending on the type of electrolyte used, fuel cells are further classified into several types, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), each with different characteristics and applicable scenarios.

[0003] Existing fuel cells use fixed battery units. When a single battery unit malfunctions, it can easily affect adjacent battery units, impacting the overall safety of the fuel cell. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a safe and explosion-proof fuel cell, which aims to solve the problem that in existing fuel cells, the battery cells are fixedly installed, and when a single battery cell malfunctions, it can easily affect adjacent battery cells, thus affecting the overall safety of the fuel cell.

[0005] This invention is achieved by providing a safe and explosion-proof fuel cell, the safe and explosion-proof fuel cell comprising:

[0006] The protective cover contains multiple battery cells connected by plug-in connections. A temperature sensor is installed on the cover to monitor the temperature of the battery cells. The cover also has a first air inlet and a second air inlet, used to supply fuel and air respectively. Both inlets are connected to the battery cells. An electrical connection port is also provided on the cover for connecting to a power supply system. The bottom of the cover has multiple slots, each corresponding to a battery cell. These slots are stepped, and each slot has a stepped cover. The covers are magnetically connected to the slots.

[0007] Preferably, the battery unit includes multiple battery cells, each battery cell including a first electrode and a second electrode. A diffusion plate is provided on both the first and second electrodes, and the diffusion plate is located between the first and second electrodes. A proton exchange membrane is provided between the two sets of diffusion plates. A gas groove is provided on both the first and second electrodes, and a guide pipe is connected to the gas outlet end of the gas groove. The battery unit includes a protective layer, the battery cells are located inside the protective layer, and a diffusion layer is laid on the protective layer. The outlet end of the guide pipe is connected to the diffusion layer.

[0008] Preferably, the protective cover has multiple air inlets on the side near the front of the vehicle. The air inlets are located in the plane of the gap between adjacent battery cells. A guide rail is fixedly installed on the protective cover, and a shielding grille is slidably installed on the guide rail. The shielding grille has multiple baffles, the width of which is greater than the width of the air inlets. The protective cover also has a first electromagnet fixedly installed, and a fourth magnetic block is fixedly installed on the shielding grille. The fourth magnetic block is connected to the first electromagnet by a spring. Both sides of the protective cover have protrusions. The projection of the edge of the protrusion on the horizontal plane is a curve. The radius of curvature of the curve gradually decreases from the front of the vehicle to the rear. Multiple exhaust ports are provided on the protrusions.

[0009] Preferably, the number of exhaust outlets gradually increases from the front to the rear of the vehicle.

[0010] Preferably, the battery cells are connected in series, and the battery unit is provided with two sets of terminals. The two sets of terminals are respectively connected to the two electrodes of the series-connected battery cells. A first magnetic block is fixedly installed around the terminals. Multiple mounting plates are provided in the inner cavity of the protective cover. Each battery unit corresponds to one mounting plate. A terminal sleeve is provided on the mounting plate. The terminal is inserted into the terminal sleeve. A second electromagnet is fixedly installed around the terminal sleeve. A first air pipe and a second air pipe are provided on the mounting plate. The first air pipe and the second air pipe are respectively connected to a first air supply port and a second air supply port. An air outlet connector is fixedly connected to both the first air pipe and the second air pipe. An inner diameter contraction area is provided inside the air outlet connector. A sealing ball is provided in the inner cavity of the air outlet connector. Two sets of air inlet plugs are provided on the battery unit. The two sets of air inlet plugs are respectively connected to the first electrode and the second electrode. An air inlet groove is provided at the end of the air inlet plug. A second magnetic block is fixedly installed around the air inlet plug. A third magnetic block is fixedly installed on the air outlet connector.

[0011] Preferably, the protective cover is provided with multiple ear plates on its outer perimeter.

[0012] Preferably, the protective cover is provided with an anti-corrosion coating.

[0013] The safe and explosion-proof fuel cell provided by this invention, by setting a plug-in connection method, can disconnect the battery unit in time when it malfunctions, and discard the battery unit in the event of extreme high temperature to avoid temperature runaway of the entire battery module, thus avoiding deflagration and ensuring the safety of the battery module. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 A first-view schematic diagram of a safe and explosion-proof fuel cell provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 A second-view schematic diagram of a safe and explosion-proof fuel cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a safe and explosion-proof fuel cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a battery cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0019] In the attached diagram: 1. Protective cover; 2. Power inlet; 3. First air supply port; 4. Second air supply port; 5. Ear plate; 6. Slot cover; 7. Protrusion; 8. Exhaust port; 9. First electromagnet; 10. Shielding grille; 11. Battery unit; 12. Guide pipe; 13. Diffusion layer; 14. Second electromagnet; 15. Power inlet post; 16. First magnetic block; 17. First air pipe; 18. Second air pipe; 19. Second magnetic block; 20. Air inlet plug; 21. Air outlet connector; 22. Sealing ball; 23. Air inlet slot; 24. Third magnetic block. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0021] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a safe and explosion-proof fuel cell, the safe and explosion-proof fuel cell comprising:

[0023] The protective cover 1 contains multiple battery units 11 connected by plug-in connections. A temperature sensor is installed on the protective cover 1 to monitor the temperature of the battery units 11. The protective cover 1 has a first air supply port 3 and a second air supply port 4, which are used to supply fuel and air, respectively. Both the first air supply port 3 and the second air supply port 4 are connected to the battery units 11. The protective cover 1 also has a power connection port 2 for connecting to a power supply system. The bottom of the protective cover 1 has multiple slots, each corresponding to a battery unit 11. The slots are stepped, and a slot cover 6, also a stepped structure, is installed inside each slot. The slot cover 6 is magnetically connected to the slot.

[0024] In this embodiment of the invention, the edge of the slot cover 6 is made of a strong magnetic material, and the slot opening is made of a magnetic material. The slot cover 6 will be tightly adsorbed at the slot opening. Since the slot opening has a stepped structure, when the protective cover 1 is pushed from below, the slot cover 6 will stick tightly to the slot opening. The slot cover 6 can only be pushed outward from the inside of the protective cover 1. Due to the use of a strong magnetic connection, the slot cover 6 will not fall off during normal driving. The battery unit 11 adopts a plug-in structure. The temperature of the corresponding battery unit 11 can be monitored by a temperature sensor. Two temperature thresholds are set for each battery unit, namely a first threshold and a second threshold. The first threshold is lower than the second threshold. When the temperature reaches the first threshold, it is determined that the battery unit 11 has an abnormal temperature. The battery unit 11 is disconnected and reconnected after the temperature recovers. If at any time the temperature of any battery unit 11 reaches the second threshold, it is determined that there is a risk of combustion. The battery unit 11 is then discharged from the inside of the protective cover 1, thereby avoiding the temperature runaway of the current battery unit 11 from threatening other battery units 11 and ensuring the overall safety of the battery module.

[0025] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the battery unit 11 includes a plurality of battery cells, each battery cell including a first electrode and a second electrode. A diffusion plate is provided on both the first electrode and the second electrode, and the diffusion plate is located between the first electrode and the second electrode. A proton exchange membrane is provided between the two sets of diffusion plates. A gas groove is provided on both the first electrode and the second electrode, and the outlet end of the gas groove is connected to a guide pipe 12. The battery unit 11 includes a protective layer, the battery cells are located inside the protective layer, a diffusion layer is laid on the protective layer, and the outlet end of the guide pipe 12 is connected to the diffusion layer.

[0026] In this embodiment, fuel enters through a gas groove on the first electrode, and air enters through a gas groove on the second electrode. The fuel and air diffuse through two sets of diffuser plates, ensuring that they are evenly distributed within the diffuser plates. A reaction is carried out using a proton exchange membrane, thereby generating a potential difference between the first and second electrodes. Multiple battery cells are connected in series, which increases the total voltage of the battery unit 11. The battery units 11 are further connected in series, causing the overall output voltage of the battery module to reach a preset value. The battery module is connected to a power supply system, which performs voltage stabilization to achieve stable output. An energy storage device is installed in the power supply system to store excess electrical energy and output it when power is needed, achieving peak shaving and valley filling effects and ensuring stability. The fuel can be hydrogen. After the fuel reacts with air, the reaction product is water. The water is introduced into the diffusion layer through the guide pipe 12. The diffusion layer is made of porous material with a large surface area, which facilitates contact between the liquid and air. The evaporation of water on the diffusion layer dissipates heat from the battery unit 11.

[0027] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protective cover 1 is provided with multiple air inlet slots on the side near the front of the vehicle. The air inlet slots are located in the plane of the gap between adjacent battery cells 11. A guide rail is fixedly provided on the protective cover 1, and a shielding grille 10 is slidably provided on the guide rail. The shielding grille 10 is provided with multiple baffles, the width of which is greater than the width of the air inlet slots. The protective cover 1 is also fixedly provided with a first electromagnet 9. A fourth magnetic block is fixedly provided on the shielding grille 10. The fourth magnetic block and the first electromagnet 9 are connected by a spring. Both sides of the protective cover 1 are provided with protrusions 7. The projection of the edge of the protrusion 7 on the horizontal plane is a curve. The radius of curvature of the curve gradually decreases along the direction from the front of the vehicle to the rear of the vehicle. Multiple exhaust ports 8 are provided on the protrusions 7.

[0028] In this embodiment, the air intake slot is located on the front side of the vehicle, i.e., on the windward side. During vehicle operation, airflow enters the protective cover 1 through the air intake slot and eventually exits through the exhaust port 8 on the protrusion 7. The protrusion 7 has a streamlined shape, and its radius of curvature gradually decreases along the direction from the front to the rear of the vehicle. Based on aerodynamic principles, the smaller the radius of curvature, i.e., the steeper the protrusion, the more intense the compression of the airflow in that area, and the higher the flow velocity will be. Since the air intake slot collides head-on with the airflow, the air pressure inside the protective cover 1 will be greater than that at the exhaust port 8, and the airflow inside the protective cover 1 will be discharged from the exhaust port 8. Due to the change in radius of curvature, the exhaust volume is greater closer to the rear of the vehicle. During the operation of each battery unit 11, after the external airflow enters the protective cover 1, it first exchanges heat with the battery unit 11 closest to the front of the vehicle. Therefore, when exchanging heat with subsequent battery units 11, the temperature of the airflow has already increased. The cooling effect will be reduced, but due to the protrusion 7, the airflow near the vehicle position is increased, which compensates for the cooling effect to a certain extent and ensures the temperature stability of all battery units 11. During operation, the battery unit 11 needs to react within a preset temperature range. When the temperature is too low or too high, it will affect the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell. Therefore, the heat dissipation efficiency needs to be adjusted according to the temperature of the battery unit 11. When the battery unit 11 needs to be heated, the air flow can be reduced, and vice versa. Specifically, the first electromagnet 9 is energized, and the first electromagnet 9 changes the magnetic field strength, thereby attracting the fourth magnetic block. The fourth magnetic block drives the shielding grille 10 to move, partially or completely blocking the air intake slot, thereby changing the air intake. The number of exhaust ports 8 gradually increases from the front to the rear of the vehicle. Increasing the number of exhaust ports can also increase the heat dissipation effect of the battery unit 11 near the rear of the vehicle.

[0029] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the battery cells are connected in series. Two sets of terminals 15 are provided on the battery unit 11, and the two sets of terminals 15 are respectively connected to the two electrodes of the series-connected battery cells. A first magnet 16 is fixedly installed around the terminals 15. Multiple mounting plates are provided inside the protective cover 1, with each battery unit 11 corresponding to one mounting plate. A connecting sleeve is provided on the mounting plate, and the terminals 15 are inserted into the connecting sleeve. A second electromagnet 14 is fixedly installed around the connecting sleeve. A first air pipe 17 and a second air pipe 18 are provided on the mounting plate. 7 and the second air pipe 18 are respectively connected to the first air supply port 3 and the second air supply port 4. Both the first air pipe 17 and the second air pipe 18 are fixedly connected to an air outlet connector 21. The air outlet connector 21 has an inner diameter contraction area and a sealing ball 22 in the inner cavity of the air outlet connector 21. The battery unit 11 is provided with two sets of air inlet plugs 20. The two sets of air inlet plugs 20 are respectively connected to the first electrode and the second electrode. The end of the air inlet plug 20 is provided with an air inlet groove 23. The outer periphery of the air inlet plug 20 is fixedly provided with a second magnetic block 19. The air outlet connector 21 is fixedly provided with a third magnetic block 24.

[0030] In this embodiment, when the battery unit 11 is in normal use, with the cooperation of the air outlet connector 21 and the air inlet plug 20, the terminal 15 on the battery unit 11 is inserted into the terminal sleeve on the mounting plate. Due to the presence of the second magnet 19 and the third magnet 24, they attract each other, fixing the battery unit 11 to the mounting plate. The terminal 15 and the terminal sleeve are tightly fitted. The air inlet plug 20 lifts the sealing ball 22 located inside the air outlet connector 21. Fuel and air then reach the first air pipe 17 and the second air pipe 18 through the first air supply port 3 and the second air supply port 4, respectively. Fuel and air enter the battery unit 11 through the air inlet slot 23 and react inside the battery unit 11. Based on the vehicle's sensors, the current road conditions are determined. When driving on a bumpy road, the second electromagnet 14 is energized, using the magnetic field generated by the second electromagnet 14 to attract the first magnet 16, ensuring the connection stability of the battery unit 11. When the temperature of a certain battery unit 11 reaches a first threshold, the second electromagnet 14 changes its magnetic field. The first magnetic block 16 is repelled, causing the contact post 15 to slide relative to the contact sleeve. The contact post 15 is located inside the contact sleeve, but the electrical connection between the two is broken. At the same time, the air inlet plug 20 also slides relative to the air outlet plug 21, and the sealing ball 22 falls, blocking the air outlet plug 21. The fuel and air will be disconnected simultaneously. The sealing ball 22 is made of magnetic material, which can seal the air outlet plug 21 to prevent leakage. At this time, the bottom of the battery unit 11 is just in contact with the slot cover 6. If it is necessary to reconnect the current battery unit 11, The magnetic poles of the second electromagnet 14 can be changed to attract the first magnetic block 16. If the temperature reaches the second threshold, the second electromagnet 14 will adjust the magnetic field strength to the maximum, repelling the first magnetic block 16, so that the terminal post 15 is completely separated from the terminal sleeve. At the same time, the air inlet plug 20 is also completely separated from the air outlet plug 21. The battery unit 11 moves downward, opening the slot cover 6. The battery unit 11 then leaves the protective cover 1 from the corresponding slot, preventing the current battery unit 11 from threatening other battery units.

[0031] In this embodiment of the invention, a plurality of ear plates 5 are provided around the protective cover 1, and the ear plates 5 are used to mount the fuel cell on the vehicle frame.

[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, the protective cover 1 is provided with an anti-corrosion coating.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safe and explosion-proof fuel cell, characterized in that, The explosion-proof fuel cell includes: A protective cover (1) is provided inside which multiple battery units (11) are connected by plug-in connection. A temperature sensor is provided on the protective cover (1) to monitor the temperature of the battery units (11). A first air supply port (3) and a second air supply port (4) are provided on the protective cover (1). The first air supply port (3) and the second air supply port (4) are used to transport fuel and air respectively. The first air supply port (3) and the second air supply port (4) are connected to the battery units (11) at the same time. A power connection port (2) is also provided on the protective cover (1) to connect to the power supply system. Multiple slots are provided at the bottom of the protective cover (1). Each slot corresponds to a battery unit (11). The slot is a stepped slot. A slot cover (6) is provided inside the slot. The slot cover (6) is also a stepped structure. The slot cover (6) is connected to the slot by magnetic force. The battery cell (11) includes multiple battery cells, and each battery cell includes a first electrode and a second electrode; The battery cells are connected in series. Two sets of terminals (15) are provided on the battery unit (11). The two sets of terminals (15) are respectively connected to the two electrodes of the series-connected battery cells. A first magnet (16) is fixedly installed around the terminals (15). Multiple mounting plates are provided in the inner cavity of the protective cover (1). Each battery unit (11) corresponds to one mounting plate. A connecting sleeve is provided on the mounting plate. The terminals (15) are inserted into the connecting sleeve. A second electromagnet (14) is fixedly provided around the connecting sleeve. A first air pipe (17) and a second air pipe (18) are provided on the mounting plate. The first air pipe (17) and the second air pipe (18) are respectively connected to the first... The air supply port (3) and the second air supply port (4) are connected. The first air pipe (17) and the second air pipe (18) are both fixedly connected to the air outlet connector (21). The air outlet connector (21) has an inner diameter contraction area. The air outlet connector (21) has a sealing ball (22) in its inner cavity. The battery unit (11) is provided with two sets of air inlet plugs (20). The two sets of air inlet plugs (20) are connected to the first electrode and the second electrode respectively. The end of the air inlet plug (20) is provided with an air inlet groove (23). The outer periphery of the air inlet plug (20) is fixedly provided with a second magnetic block (19). The air outlet connector (21) is fixedly provided with a third magnetic block (24). Two temperature thresholds are set for each battery cell (11), namely the first threshold and the second threshold. The first threshold is lower than the second threshold. When the temperature of a battery cell (11) reaches the first threshold, the second electromagnet (14) changes its magnetic pole to repel the first magnetic block (16), so that the terminal post (15) slides relative to the terminal sleeve. The terminal post (15) is located inside the terminal sleeve, but the electrical connection between the two is broken. At the same time, the air inlet plug (20) also slides relative to the air outlet connector (21), and the sealing ball (22) falls down to block the air outlet connector (21). If the temperature reaches the second threshold, the second electromagnet (14) adjusts the magnetic field strength to the maximum to repel the first magnetic block (16), so that the terminal post (15) is completely separated from the terminal sleeve. At the same time, the air inlet plug (20) is also completely separated from the air outlet connector (21). The battery cell (11) moves downward and pushes open the slot cover (6). The battery cell (11) then leaves the protective cover (1) from the corresponding slot.

2. The safe and explosion-proof fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, A diffusion plate is provided on both the first electrode and the second electrode. The diffusion plate is located between the first electrode and the second electrode. A proton exchange membrane is provided between the two sets of diffusion plates. A gas groove is provided on both the first electrode and the second electrode. A guide pipe (12) is connected to the gas outlet end of the gas groove. The battery unit (11) includes a protective layer. The battery cell is located inside the protective layer. A diffusion layer is laid on the protective layer. The outlet end of the guide pipe (12) is connected to the diffusion layer.

3. The safe and explosion-proof fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective cover (1) has multiple air inlets on the side near the front of the vehicle. The air inlets are located in the plane of the gap between adjacent battery units (11). A guide rail is fixedly installed on the protective cover (1). A shielding grille (10) is slidably installed on the guide rail. Multiple baffles are provided on the shielding grille (10). The width of the baffles is greater than the width of the air inlets. A first electromagnet (9) is also fixedly installed on the protective cover (1). A fourth magnetic block is fixedly installed on the shielding grille (10). The fourth magnetic block is connected to the first electromagnet (9) by a spring. Both sides of the protective cover (1) have protrusions (7). The projection of the edge of the protrusion (7) on the horizontal plane is a curve. The radius of curvature of the curve gradually decreases along the direction from the front of the vehicle to the rear of the vehicle. Multiple exhaust ports (8) are provided on the protrusions (7).

4. The safe and explosion-proof fuel cell according to claim 3, characterized in that, The number of exhaust ports (8) gradually increases from the front to the rear of the vehicle.

5. The safe and explosion-proof fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective cover (1) is provided with multiple ear plates (5) on its periphery.

6. The safe and explosion-proof fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective cover (1) is provided with an anti-corrosion coating.

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