Wind-light-hydrogen integrated energy supply system based on reversible solid oxide fuel cell

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind-light-hydrogen integrated energy supply system based on a reversible solid oxide fuel cell, which is specially designed for special areas such as open sea islands, frontier sentries and the like. The system integrates a wind power generation module (1) and a photovoltaic power generation module (2), and converts wind energy and solar energy into electric energy. Redundant electric energy is used for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water in an SOEC mode by the RSOC module (3) and is stored in the solid hydrogen storage module (4). And when the energy demand peak or the wind-light-electricity is insufficient, the RSOC module is switched to the SOFC mode, and hydrogen is converted into electric energy to be output. The system is further provided with a seawater desalination module (5), and the RSOC waste heat is used for desalinating seawater. And the ultrapure water production module (7) is used for producing industrial-grade ultrapure water by condensing the high-temperature steam. And the intelligent monitoring module (6) monitors in real time and controls the modules to operate cooperatively. The system has the advantages of efficient energy conversion, high environmental adaptability, multifunctional expansion and the like, and provides a stable, environment-friendly and economical energy solution for special areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of new energy technology, and in particular to a wind-solar-hydrogen integrated energy supply system based on a reversible solid oxide fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] In order to solve the energy supply problem in remote areas such as offshore islands and reefs, border outposts, etc., power generation currently mainly relies on traditional fossil energy (such as diesel, liquefied natural gas, etc.). These energy supply methods have the following problems: First, the transportation cost is high and the supply is difficult, especially under severe weather conditions, the continuity of energy supply is difficult to guarantee; second, the environmental pollution is serious, and the combustion of traditional energy will produce a large amount of greenhouse gases and pollutants, causing damage to the ecological environment; third, the ability to resist risks is weak, and the single energy supply mode is prone to energy shortages when facing emergencies. In addition, although the existing solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system has certain advantages in energy conversion efficiency, its durability and stability in complex environments are still insufficient, and it has not yet achieved effective integration and comprehensive utilization with multiple renewable energy sources.

[0003] In the prior art, some studies and applications attempt to solve the above problems through a single renewable energy source (such as solar energy or wind energy) or a simple hybrid energy system. Patent CN119482455A discloses a short-term low-carbon optimization scheduling method and system for an island integrated energy system. This method constructs an island integrated energy system model with multi-energy coupling of electricity, hydrogen and heat, and uses a real-time step-by-step carbon trading model and a new energy prediction deviation penalty mechanism to achieve the coordinated scheduling of multiple energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy, wave energy, and energy storage and solar thermal power stations, forming a dynamically balanced energy system that maintains high absorption and low carbon emissions as much as possible.

[0004] Although patent CN119482455A has made significant progress in multi-energy coupling and low-carbon scheduling, it still has the following shortcomings:

[0005] 1. System complexity and cost: The system relies on complex scheduling algorithms and the coupling of multiple energy forms, which increases the complexity and cost of the system and is not conducive to miniaturization and rapid deployment in remote areas.

[0006] 2. Insufficient environmental adaptability: The system has not been explicitly designed for durability in special environments such as high salt fog and high humidity, and is difficult to operate stably for a long time in harsh environments such as offshore islands and reefs.

[0007] 3. Limited functional integration: The system mainly focuses on the optimal scheduling of energy, and does not involve the integration of functions such as seawater desalination and surplus hydrogen utilization, and cannot meet the comprehensive needs of special areas such as offshore islands and reefs.

[0008] In addition, certain progress has been made abroad in the commercial application of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). For example, the SOFC system developed by the US company FuelCell Energy achieved high stack efficiency and system efficiency under laboratory conditions. However, in practical applications, especially the stability and durability in complex environments still face challenges. At the same time, most existing SOFC systems have a single function and cannot be effectively integrated with functions such as seawater desalination and surplus hydrogen utilization, thus unable to fully exert their comprehensive application value.

[0009] In summary, when the existing technologies solve the energy supply problems in remote areas, there are disadvantages such as insufficient energy supply stability, poor environmental adaptability, and low comprehensive application value. There is an urgent need for an energy supply system that is efficient, environmentally friendly, stable, and suitable for complex environments. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The present invention aims to solve the following problems existing in the existing energy supply systems in remote areas (such as remote island reefs, border defense posts, etc.): 1. Strong dependence on traditional fossil energy, high transportation costs, difficult supply, and serious environmental pollution; 2. Existing renewable energy systems (such as single solar or wind energy) have intermittency and instability and cannot meet the continuous and stable energy demand; 3. The durability and stability of existing solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems are insufficient in complex environments (such as high salt fog, high humidity, etc.), and they have a single function and fail to achieve effective integration with functions such as seawater desalination and surplus hydrogen utilization. To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] (I) System Composition

[0012] On the one hand, the present invention provides a wind-solar-hydrogen integrated energy supply system based on a reversible solid oxide fuel cell.

[0013] This energy supply system includes a wind power generation module, a photovoltaic power generation module, a reversible solid oxide fuel cell (RSOC) module, a solid-state hydrogen storage module, and an intelligent monitoring module.

[0014] The wind power generation module: is used to convert wind energy into electrical energy and provide partial power support for the system.

[0015] The photovoltaic power generation module: is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy and provide partial power support for the system.

[0016] Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (RSOC) Module: As the core component of the system, it has the ability to flexibly switch between the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) mode and the Solid Oxide Electrolyzer (SOEC) mode. When there is sufficient wind and solar power, it operates in the SOEC mode, using the excess electrical energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, which is stored in the solid-state hydrogen storage module; when there is a peak energy demand or insufficient wind and solar power, it operates in the SOFC mode, converting the stored hydrogen into electrical energy for output.

[0017] Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Module: Used to store the hydrogen produced by the RSOC module in the SOEC mode, providing a stable hydrogen supply for the system.

[0018] Intelligent Monitoring Module: Used to monitor and control the operating status of the system in real time, achieve coordinated operation between modules, and ensure the stable and efficient operation of the system.

[0019] Further preferably, the wind power generation module uses a small vertical-axis wind turbine with an output power of 3 kW. The blades are made of high-strength composite materials, having corrosion resistance and typhoon resistance, and can adapt to special environments with high humidity and high salt mist.

[0020] Further preferably, the photovoltaic power generation module consists of multiple high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels with a total installed capacity of 5 kW. The photovoltaic panels are installed in the south direction (in the Northern Hemisphere) with an inclination angle of 30°, and the surface is coated with a dust and waterproof coating.

[0021] Further preferably, the RSOC module adopts a hybrid window type structure with a stack power of 1.5 kW. It can use the excess electrical energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen in the SOEC mode and convert the stored hydrogen into electrical energy for output in the SOFC mode.

[0022] Further preferably, the solid-state hydrogen storage module uses a high-performance hydrogen storage alloy material with a designed capacity of 10 kg of hydrogen, and is equipped with a high-sensitivity hydrogen sensor to monitor the leakage situation in real time.

[0023] Further preferably, the seawater desalination module utilizes the waste heat generated by the RSOC module in the SOFC solid oxide fuel cell mode, heats the seawater to 100 °C through a heat exchanger, and then conducts desalination treatment through a reverse osmosis membrane, with a daily fresh water production of 500 liters.

[0024] Further preferably, the ultrapure water production module converts the high-temperature steam generated by the RSOC module in the SOEC solid oxide electrolyzer mode into liquid water through condensation treatment, and after multi-stage filtration and ion exchange treatment, ensures that the water quality meets the standard of resistivity ≥ 18 MΩ·cm, with a daily output of 500 liters.

[0025] Further preferably, the intelligent monitoring module monitors the operating status of each module in real time through a sensor network, including parameters such as the rotation speed of the wind turbine, the output power of the photovoltaic panel, the operating mode and temperature of the RSOC module, and the pressure of the hydrogen storage module, and supports remote operation and fault alarm.

[0026] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an operating method for an energy supply system according to the first aspect of the present invention, including the following steps:

[0027] When the wind energy and solar energy resources are sufficient, the system preferentially uses electric energy to meet the current electricity demand, and the excess electric energy is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen in the SOEC solid oxide electrolysis cell mode through the RSOC module, and the generated hydrogen is stored in the solid-state hydrogen storage module;

[0028] When the energy demand peak or the wind and solar electric energy is insufficient, the RSOC module switches to the SOFC mode, converts the hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage module into electric energy output, and simultaneously uses the waste heat generated by the RSOC module in the SOFC mode for seawater desalination;

[0029] Using the high-temperature steam generated by the RSOC module in the SOEC mode, after condensation treatment, industrial-grade ultrapure water is produced.

[0030] Further preferably, the following optimization steps are also included:

[0031] According to the real-time energy demand and the supply situation of renewable energy, dynamically adjust the working status of each module, preferentially use the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage module for power generation, and adjust the working mode of the RSOC module in real time through the intelligent monitoring module to ensure the stability of energy supply.

[0032] Further preferably, the wind power generation module can also use a horizontal axis wind turbine to replace the vertical axis wind turbine, and the output power can be selected according to actual needs.

[0033] Further preferably, the photovoltaic power generation module can also use polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels or thin-film photovoltaic panels to replace single-crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels to adapt to different installation environments and cost requirements.

[0034] Further preferably, the RSOC module can select different power levels (such as 1kW, 2kW or 3kW) according to actual needs, and can use more efficient electrolyte materials or improve the electrode structure to improve the overall efficiency of the system.

[0035] (II) Technical Key

[0036] Optimized design of the reversible solid oxide fuel cell (RSOC) module

[0037] Develop a reversible SOC stack self-purification technology suitable for high salt spray environments. Through special battery structure design, the stack shows excellent durability and stability in the seawater salt spray environment, effectively solving the problems of easy corrosion and rapid performance decay of traditional SOFC systems in high salt spray environments.

[0038] Adopt a hybrid window-type reversible SOC stack structure, combine the two intake air structures of the gas internal flow channel and the air external flow channel, improve the sealing performance of the stack, reduce the leakage risk, simplify the connection body and assembly process, enhance the economy and safety of the system, and at the same time achieve flexible switching between the SOFC and SOEC modes to adapt to the intermittency and instability of renewable energy.

[0039] Multi-energy complementarity and energy management

[0040] Build a collaborative supply model for various green energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy, and hydrogen energy. Through the intelligent monitoring module, achieve dynamic balance between different energy sources, optimize the energy cycle system, solve the instability problem of single energy supply, improve energy utilization efficiency, and achieve all-weather, pollution-free, and long-endurance energy support.

[0041] Optimize the photovoltaic and wind power generation efficiency based on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology to ensure stable output of the system under different climate conditions.

[0042] System integration and multi-functional expansion

[0043] Realize the integrated process of seawater desalination and hydrogen recycling. Utilize the hydrogen-electric double cycle of the RSOC module to efficiently desalinate high-salt seawater and produce highly purified domestic water, solving the problem of fresh water supply in remote island reefs and other areas.

[0044] Use the surplus hydrogen generated by the system for various purposes, such as replenishing sounding balloons, serving as a slow-release gas for diving cylinders, supplying hydrogen fuel motors, etc., further enhancing the comprehensive utilization value of the system.

[0045] (3) Technical indicators

[0046] The RSOC reversible battery supplies gas through the external flow cavity, can use gas fuels such as hydrogen and methane, significantly improves the electrothermal efficiency, the full-process electricity storage efficiency reaches 65% (from unstable green electricity in time series distribution to stable power supply), the system efficiency (LHV, calculated by electric energy + heat energy) can reach the international advanced level, and the thousand-hour decay rate is not greater than 1%. It maintains stable performance after 120,000 intermittent electrolyses and has good repeatability. The room temperature - working cycle decay is less than 0.8% per round, and it can fully cope with sudden heat interruption situations. The hydrogen production efficiency reaches 3.2 kW / h per standard cubic meter of hydrogen, the single module power can reach 1500 W, with a small volume, high energy efficiency, and long-term stable energy supply.

[0047] Beneficial effects compared with the existing technology

[0048] Efficient energy conversion and integration: Through efficient bidirectional conversion of multi-energy complementarity and RSOC stacks, efficient energy storage and utilization are achieved, with the overall system efficiency increased by more than 30%, significantly improving the stability and self-sufficiency rate of energy supply.

[0049] High adaptability and resistance to extremes: The system is designed specifically for the harsh environments of high temperature, high humidity, and high salt mist on islands. Through material and structure optimization, long-term stable operation under extreme climate conditions is ensured. Compared with traditional energy systems, the performance of this system in resisting typhoons, wave impacts, etc. has been improved by more than 50%, with stronger adaptability.

[0050] Multi-functional expansion: The system not only realizes efficient energy supply but also expands the comprehensive application value by integrating seawater desalination and surplus hydrogen utilization functions, providing an integrated solution for energy and water resource problems in special areas such as remote island reefs.

[0051] Environmentally friendly: The system uses green energy and has no pollutant emissions, meeting the "dual carbon" goal and being environmentally friendly to the ecological environment.

[0052] Economy: The initial investment cost of the system is relatively low compared to traditional energy systems, and the long-term operation cost is low. There is no need for frequent replenishment, significantly reducing the energy cost and having good economic benefits. Description of the Drawings

[0053] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow diagram of a wind-solar-hydrogen integrated RSOC energy supply system;

[0054] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a wind-solar-hydrogen integrated RSOC energy supply system;

[0055] In the figure: 1. Wind power generation module; 2. Photovoltaic power generation module; 3. RSOC module; 4. Solid-state hydrogen storage module; 5. Garrison base. Detailed Embodiment

[0056] Figure 2 Disclosed is a basic embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a wind-solar-hydrogen integrated energy supply system based on a reversible solid oxide fuel cell, suitable for energy supply in special areas such as remote island reefs and border defense posts. Through the method of multi-energy complementarity, the problems of high cost, high pollution, and intermittency of renewable energy in traditional energy supply are solved, and at the same time, it has good environmental adaptability and comprehensive application value.

[0057] In this embodiment, the wind power generation module 1 uses a small vertical axis wind turbine, which is installed in the open area of island reefs or border defense posts. This wind turbine can stably generate electricity under low wind speed conditions, with an output power of 3 kW. Its blades are made of high-strength composite materials, having good corrosion resistance and typhoon resistance, and can adapt to the special environment of high humidity and high salt fog. The photovoltaic power generation module 2 consists of multiple high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels, with a total installed capacity of 5 kW. The photovoltaic panels are installed in the south direction (in the Northern Hemisphere), and the inclination angle is adjusted to 30° according to the local latitude to maximize the utilization efficiency of solar energy. The surface of the photovoltaic panels is coated with a dust-proof and waterproof coating to ensure high-efficiency power generation under harsh climate conditions. The two together form a green energy supply system, providing an energy source for the whole system. To address the uneven energy distribution commonly existing in areas such as island reefs, the RSOC module 3 is the core of energy conversion in this system, with the ability to flexibly switch between the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) mode and the solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC) mode. In this embodiment, the RSOC module adopts a hybrid window type structure, with a stack power of 1.5 kW. When the wind and solar energy are sufficient, the RSOC module operates in the SOEC mode, using the excess electric energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, and storing the hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage module 4; when the energy demand peaks or the wind and solar energy are insufficient, the RSOC module switches to the SOFC mode, converting the stored hydrogen into electric energy for output.

[0058] According to the green energy accounting, there is a surplus in hydrogen production, and it can also be supplied by the solid-state hydrogen storage module 4 for the use of officers and soldiers. The high-temperature steam generated during the operation of the RSOC module 3 can, on the one hand, be used as industrial-grade ultrapure water to meet the living needs, and on the other hand, its heat energy can be directly supplied, reducing additional energy consumption. The waste heat of the RSOC module 3 can also meet the activation requirements of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 4, realizing the cascade utilization of heat energy in this process and improving the system efficiency.

[0059] Combined with this implementation example, according to different renewable energy conditions, the core system RSOC module 3 of this system has two operating modes:

[0060] 1. Energy storage mode

[0061] When the wind energy and solar energy resources are sufficient, the system preferentially uses the electric energy to meet the current electricity demand. The excess electric energy is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen through the RSOC module in the SOEC mode, and the generated hydrogen is stored in the solid-state hydrogen storage module. At this time, the system converts the electric energy into chemical energy for storage, solving the problem of the intermittency of renewable energy.

[0062] 2. Energy output mode

[0063] When the peak energy demand occurs or when the wind and solar power are insufficient, the RSOC module switches to the SOFC mode, converting the hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage module into electrical energy for output. At the same time, the waste heat generated by the RSOC module in the SOFC mode is used for the seawater desalination module to further improve the energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0064] Other Variants and Replaceable Solutions

[0065] 1. Alternative Solutions for the Wind Power Generation Module

[0066] In some application scenarios, the vertical-axis wind turbine in the wind power generation module can be replaced with a horizontal-axis wind turbine to adapt to different wind direction conditions. The output power of the horizontal-axis wind turbine can be selected as 5 kW or 10 kW according to actual requirements.

[0067] 2. Alternative Solutions for the Photovoltaic Power Generation Module

[0068] The single-crystalline silicon photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic power generation module can be replaced with a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel or a thin-film photovoltaic panel to adapt to different installation environments and cost requirements. The thin-film photovoltaic panel has better flexibility and adaptability and is suitable for installation on complex terrains or building surfaces.

[0069] 3. Alternative Solutions for the RSOC Module

[0070] The RSOC module can select different power levels (such as 1 kW, 2 kW, or 3 kW) according to actual requirements to adapt to different scales of energy demand. In addition, the structure of the RSOC module can be further optimized, for example, by using more efficient electrolyte materials or improving the electrode structure, to improve the overall efficiency of the system.

Claims

1. A wind-solar-hydrogen integrated energy supply system based on a reversible solid oxide fuel cell, characterized in that, Comprising: A wind power generation module (1) for converting wind energy into electrical energy; A photovoltaic power generation module (2) for converting solar energy into electrical energy; A reversible solid oxide fuel cell module (3) capable of switching between a solid oxide fuel cell mode and a solid oxide electrolyzer mode, for converting electrical energy into hydrogen energy for storage in the solid oxide electrolyzer mode, and converting the stored hydrogen into electrical energy output in the solid oxide fuel cell mode; A solid-state hydrogen storage module (4) for storing the hydrogen generated by the reversible solid oxide fuel cell module in the solid oxide electrolyzer mode; A seawater desalination module (5) for desalinating seawater using the waste heat generated by the reversible solid oxide fuel cell module in the solid oxide fuel cell mode to produce fresh water; An ultrapure water production module (6) for producing industrial-grade ultrapure water by condensing the high-temperature steam generated by the reversible solid oxide fuel cell module in the solid oxide electrolyzer mode; An intelligent monitoring module (7) for real-time monitoring and control of the operating status of each module to achieve the coordinated operation of the system.

2. The energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wind power generation module (1) adopts a vertical axis wind turbine with an output power of 3 kW, and the blades have corrosion resistance and typhoon resistance.

3. The energy supply system according to claim 1, wherein The photovoltaic power generation module (2) is composed of multiple high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels with a total installed capacity of 5 kW. The photovoltaic panels are installed in the south-facing direction with an inclination angle of 30°, and the surface is coated with a dust-proof and waterproof coating.

4. The energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that The reversible solid oxide fuel cell module (3) adopts a hybrid window type structure with a stack power of 1.5 kW, which can use the excess electrical energy for electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen in the solid oxide electrolyzer mode, and convert the stored hydrogen into electrical energy output in the solid oxide fuel cell mode.

5. The energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solid-state hydrogen storage module (4) adopts a high-performance hydrogen storage alloy material with a designed capacity of 10 kg of hydrogen, and is equipped with a hydrogen sensor to monitor the leakage situation in real time.

6. The energy supply system according to claim 1, wherein The seawater desalination module (5) uses the waste heat generated by the reversible solid oxide fuel cell module in the solid oxide fuel cell mode to heat the seawater to 100 °C through a heat exchanger, and then desalinate it through a reverse osmosis membrane, with a daily fresh water production of 500 liters.

7. The energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that The ultrapure water production module (6) converts the high-temperature steam generated by the reversible solid oxide fuel cell module in the solid oxide electrolyzer mode into liquid water through condensation treatment, and after multi-stage filtration and ion exchange treatment, ensures that the water quality meets the standard of resistivity ≥ 18 MΩ·cm, with a daily output of 500 liters.

8. The energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent monitoring module (7) real-time monitors the operating status of each module through a sensor network, including parameters such as the rotation speed of the wind turbine, the output power of the photovoltaic panel, the working mode and temperature of the reversible solid oxide fuel cell module, and the pressure of the hydrogen storage module, and supports remote operation and fault alarm.

9. A running method of the energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Including the following steps: When the wind energy and solar energy resources are sufficient, the system preferentially uses the electrical energy to meet the current electricity demand, and the excess electrical energy is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen through the reversible solid oxide fuel cell module in the solid oxide electrolyzer mode, and the generated hydrogen is stored in the solid-state hydrogen storage module; When the peak energy demand occurs or the wind and solar power are insufficient, the reversible solid oxide fuel cell module switches to the solid oxide fuel cell mode, converts the hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage module into electrical energy for output, and simultaneously uses the waste heat generated by the reversible solid oxide fuel cell module in the solid oxide fuel cell mode for seawater desalination; Utilize the high-temperature steam generated by the reversible solid oxide fuel cell module in the solid oxide electrolyzer mode, and after condensation treatment, produce industrial-grade ultrapure water.

10. The operating method according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes the following optimization steps: According to the real-time energy demand and the supply situation of renewable energy, dynamically adjust the working states of each module, give priority to using the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage module for power generation, and adjust the working mode of the reversible solid oxide fuel cell module in real time through the intelligent monitoring module to ensure the stability of energy supply.

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