High-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed train

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power generation glass, and provides high-transmittance power generation glass for a high-speed train, which adopts a sandwich structure design, cadmium telluride power generation glass with a multi-layer functional structure is arranged in a middle layer, and common tempered hollow glass is arranged on two sides of the middle layer. The power generation glass is prepared by adopting the prior art, the visible light transmittance reaches 60% or above, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is not lower than 17%. According to the design, the laser etching technology is adopted to form edge areas with the width of 8 mm on the four sides of the power generation chip, the chip is fixed to the second face of tempered hollow glass through hot-melt butyl rubber with the width of 8 mm, a 4SG automatic bending aluminum frame is arranged on the periphery and sealed through high-strength sealant, and argon is filled into the interior to improve the heat insulation performance. During application, the power generation glass is mounted at the position of a side window of a train through a mechanical arm, and positive and negative electrodes are connected in series and parallel to an inverter combiner box through a junction box and finally merged into a train auxiliary power supply system or an energy storage device. The power generation function is achieved while light transmission and safety performance are guaranteed, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power generation glass, and more specifically, to a high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing global attention to green energy and sustainable development, high-speed trains, as important public transportation tools, have received extensive attention for their energy consumption and environmental protection performance. Currently, the energy consumption during the operation of high-speed trains mainly comes from power systems, air-conditioning systems, lighting systems, etc., and almost all of this energy relies on external power supply. A large amount of solar radiation energy is received on the body surface of high-speed trains, especially on the side window parts. However, this energy has not been effectively utilized, but instead increases the heat load inside the carriage, further increasing the energy consumption of the air-conditioning system. Traditional high-speed train side windows mainly use fully transparent tempered insulating glass products. Although this structure performs well in heat insulation and sound insulation, it has obvious deficiencies in energy utilization. In order to meet the clear vision of passengers while meeting the sunshade requirements, the current side window design usually is equipped with mechanical lifting sunshades, which not only increases the structural complexity and maintenance cost, but also cannot achieve energy recycling.

[0003] With the development of photovoltaic integration technology, especially the maturity of BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics) technology, the solution of integrating solar power generation functions into building materials has been widely applied in the building field. However, the application of this technology in transportation tools, especially high-speed trains, is still relatively rare. Although cadmium telluride power generation is an existing technology, the existing high-speed train side windows cannot effectively utilize solar energy, making the train always in a pure power-consuming state and unable to generate energy independently. Especially in regions and seasons with sufficient sunlight, a large amount of solar energy is wasted, which is contrary to the current global goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. Therefore, developing a high-transmittance power generation glass that can maintain good vision and sunshade effects, achieve power generation functions under low-light conditions, and does not affect emergency evacuation is of great significance for improving the energy utilization efficiency and environmental protection performance of high-speed trains. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains. The cadmium telluride power generation chip is integrated into the train side window by using a sandwich structure, and through processes such as laser etching of the edge, pasting of busbars, fixing with hot-melt butyl rubber, and automatic bending and encapsulation of the aluminum frame, and a series-parallel power generation system is designed to be connected to the train power supply network, solving the problem that traditional train side windows cannot utilize solar radiation energy. This technology realizes the power generation function under low-light conditions on the premise of ensuring good vision, transforming the high-speed train from a pure power-consuming device into a green energy-saving device with power generation capabilities.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains, comprising a high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation glass located in the middle layer. The high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation glass includes a glass substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a cadmium telluride light absorption layer, a buffer layer, and a back electrode; two layers of ordinary tempered insulating glass sandwiching the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation glass form a sandwich structure, and an inert gas is filled inside. This structural design improves the heat insulation and sound insulation performance while ensuring the strength of the glass. The four sides of the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation chip are formed with edge regions by laser etching; busbars attached to the positive and negative electrodes of the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation chip; hot-melt butyl rubber for fixing the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation chip to the tempered insulating glass; an automatically bent aluminum frame disposed around the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation chip, and a high-strength sealant is provided at the edge of the aluminum frame.

[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention, the inert gas is argon. Argon, as a commonly used filling gas for insulating glass, has good heat insulation performance.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention, the visible light transmittance of the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation glass is greater than or equal to 60%. This characteristic ensures sufficient natural light inside the carriage and reduces the demand for lighting electricity.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation glass is not less than 17%. This efficiency level is relatively high among existing cadmium telluride thin-film solar cells and can effectively convert solar energy into electrical energy.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention, the width of the edge region formed by laser etching on the four sides of the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation chip is 8 mm.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention, the width of the hot-melt butyl rubber is 8 mm. Hot-melt butyl rubber is a commonly used sealing material in the glass industry and has good adhesiveness and durability.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention, the automatically bent aluminum frame is a 4SG automatically bent aluminum frame.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention, the hot-melt butyl rubber is used to fix the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation chip to the second surface of the tempered insulating glass. The second surface refers to the inner surface close to the power generation glass, and this position selection is beneficial to protecting the power generation chip from the external environment.

[0014] The present invention also provides an application method based on the above high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step S1: Cut and customize the high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains according to the size of the side windows of high-speed trains.

[0016] Step S2: Install the high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains to the position of the train side windows through a robotic arm or automated equipment, replacing the original ordinary insulating glass.

[0017] Step S3: Use a junction box to perform series-parallel power generation on the positive and negative busbar wiring of the high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains, and converge it to the inverter busbar box. Series-parallel connection is a commonly used circuit connection method in solar power generation systems, which helps to optimize voltage and current output.

[0018] Step S4: Parallel the electric energy to the auxiliary power supply system or energy storage device of the train for providing supplementary power.

[0019] Step S5: Conduct a comprehensive performance test on the installed high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains, including photovoltaic conversion efficiency test, heat insulation performance test, sound insulation performance test and durability test.

[0020] Step S6: Optimize and adjust the high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains according to the results of the performance test.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present technical solution are as follows: The high-transmittance power generation glass that can be effectively used for high-speed trains is proposed for the first time. The adopted sandwich structure sandwiches the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation glass between two layers of ordinary tempered insulating glass, realizing the energy complementary function. The side windows of traditional high-speed trains only have the functions of heat insulation and sound insulation and completely rely on external power supply. However, the present invention uses solar energy to generate electricity to provide auxiliary power support for the train, reducing the dependence on traditional energy and transforming the train from a pure power-consuming device into a green device with power generation ability.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present technical solution are as follows: The high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation glass system realizes the dual advantages of energy conservation, environmental protection and cost-effectiveness by means of series-parallel power generation and converging to the inverter busbar box. Compared with the mechanical lifting sunshades equipped on traditional side windows, the present invention not only reduces the energy consumption during train operation and improves the overall energy utilization efficiency, but also increases the natural lighting inside the car through an optimized optical design while maintaining good heat insulation and sound insulation performance, improving the comfort of passengers. Although the initial investment is relatively high, the return on investment can be achieved in the long term by saving energy and maintenance costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a high-transmittance power generation glass for a high-speed train of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2Schematic diagram of Preparation Scheme 1 of a highly transparent power generation glass for high-speed trains according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of Preparation Scheme 2 of a highly transparent power generation glass for high-speed trains according to the present invention. Specific implementation manners

[0026] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in this embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Embodiment 1

[0028] A highly transparent power generation glass for high-speed trains includes: a highly transparent cadmium telluride power generation glass in the middle layer, the highly transparent cadmium telluride power generation glass includes a glass substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a cadmium telluride light absorption layer, a buffer layer and a back electrode, the visible light transmittance of the highly transparent cadmium telluride power generation glass is greater than or equal to 60%, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is not less than 17%; ordinary tempered insulating glass on both sides of the highly transparent cadmium telluride power generation glass, forming a sandwich structure, and an inert gas is filled inside; an 8-mm-wide edge area is formed by laser etching on the four sides of the highly transparent cadmium telluride power generation glass; busbars are arranged on the positive and negative electrodes of the highly transparent cadmium telluride power generation glass; an 8-mm-wide hot-melt butyl rubber for fixing the highly transparent cadmium telluride power generation glass to the second surface of the tempered insulating glass; and a 4SG automatic bending aluminum frame arranged on the periphery of the highly transparent cadmium telluride power generation glass, and a high-strength sealant is provided at the edge of the aluminum frame.

[0029] The inert gas in the embodiment of the present invention is argon.

[0030] The high-strength sealant in the embodiment of the present invention is used to ensure the airtightness and stability of the overall structure.

[0031] The power generation glass in the embodiment of the present invention takes into account the function of weak light power generation on the premise of not affecting the light transmission, sunshade and emergency escape of the train glass.

[0032] The power generation glass in the embodiment of the present invention is used to replace the sunshade lifting curtain of the traditional high-speed train side window.

[0033] The power generation glass in the embodiment of the present invention changes the high-speed train from a pure power-consuming device to a green energy-saving device with power generation function.

[0034] Embodiment 2

[0035] First, prepare highly transparent cadmium telluride power generation glass. This glass adopts a multi-layer structure design, which aims to balance high light transmittance and photoelectric conversion ability. Specifically, by sequentially depositing a transparent conductive layer, a cadmium telluride light absorption layer, a buffer layer, and a back electrode on a glass substrate, a complete power generation unit is formed. Among them, the transparent conductive layer ensures that light passes through smoothly and conducts the generated current, the cadmium telluride light absorption layer is responsible for absorbing sunlight and converting it into electrical energy, the buffer layer optimizes the electron transfer efficiency, and the back electrode completes the circuit closure. Through process optimization, the visible light transmittance of this power generation glass reaches over 60%, ensuring the lighting requirements of the train side windows. At the same time, the photoelectric conversion efficiency remains above 17%, providing a reliable basis for subsequent power output. The role of this design is to not only meet the passengers' demand for vision but also introduce green energy into the train.

[0036] After preparing the highly transparent cadmium telluride power generation glass, use it as the middle layer and combine it with ordinary tempered insulating glass on both sides to form a composite glass with a sandwich structure. The advantage of this structure is that it utilizes the strength and sound insulation performance of the tempered insulating glass to protect the middle power generation layer from external impacts, and at the same time improves the overall heat insulation effect through the cavity design. An inert gas (argon) is filled into the cavity, and its role is to reduce the heat conduction coefficient and further reduce the impact of the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the vehicle on the passengers' comfort. The synergistic effect of this three-layer structure not only maintains the functions of traditional train side windows but also provides a stable physical carrier for the power generation function.

[0037] To ensure the stability of the highly transparent cadmium telluride power generation glass in the hollow structure, laser etching is performed on its four sides to form an 8-mm-wide etching area. The role of this process is to remove the non-power generation area at the edge, prevent current short-circuit, and at the same time reserve space for the subsequent application of busbars. After applying busbars on the positive and negative electrodes, use 8-mm-wide hot-melt butyl rubber to firmly paste them on the second surface of the tempered insulating glass (i.e., the inner surface close to the power generation glass). The bonding function of the hot-melt butyl rubber is to provide high-strength adhesion to ensure that the power generation glass does not displace under the vibration environment during the high-speed operation of the train. In addition, a 4SG automatic bending aluminum frame is set around the power generation glass, and the edge is sealed with high-strength sealant. Its role is to enhance the airtightness of the overall structure, prevent water vapor from infiltrating, and at the same time improve the wind pressure resistance. The comprehensive effect of this fixing and encapsulation method provides guarantee for the long-term stable operation of the power generation glass.

[0038] Cut and customize the prepared insulating glass structure according to the specific dimensions of the side window of the high-speed train. The purpose of this process is to ensure a seamless match between the glass and the train window frame and avoid performance degradation caused by installation errors. Subsequently, install the power generation glass insulating window onto the train side window position through a robotic arm or automated equipment, replacing the original ordinary insulating glass. The application of the robotic arm improves the installation accuracy and efficiency, reduces the uncertainty brought by manual operation, ensures the installation consistency of each piece of glass, and thus enhances the reliability of the overall system.

[0039] After installation, use a junction box to connect the positive and negative busbars of the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation glass in series and parallel, and converge them to the inverter busbar box. The significance of this design is to optimize the stability of the current output through series and parallel connection methods, convert the direct current generated by solar energy into alternating current suitable for the train system, and finally connect it in parallel to the auxiliary power supply system or energy storage device of the train. The role of this power integration is to integrate the scattered power generation units into a unified power supply network, provide supplementary energy for auxiliary equipment such as train lighting and air conditioning, and significantly reduce the operating energy consumption.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] As Figure 2 shown in the first preparation scheme of a high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains in this embodiment, the power generation glass adopts a sandwich structure, with two layers of tempered glass sandwiching a cadmium telluride power generation chip, and an argon gas layer is filled on one side of the power generation chip to improve the sealing and mechanical stability of the glass.

[0042] First, prepare the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation glass. On a common tempered glass substrate, deposit a transparent conductive layer, a cadmium telluride light absorption layer, a buffer layer, and a back electrode layer in sequence to form a complete power generation unit. Laser etch the four sides of the power generation unit to remove the non-power generation area and form an 8-mm-wide edge area for subsequent attachment of the busbar.

[0043] Then, use the prepared high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation glass as the middle layer and combine it with ordinary tempered insulating glass on both sides to form a sandwich structure. Place the cadmium telluride power generation chip inside the glass structure, with one side attached to the second layer of tempered glass and the other side forming a cavity, and fill it with argon as an inert filling gas. Fix the cadmium telluride power generation chip to the second side of the tempered glass with 8-mm-wide hot-melt butyl rubber to ensure the stability of the structure.

[0044] Install a 4SG automatic bending aluminum frame around the glass, and apply a high-strength sealant at the joint between the aluminum frame and the glass to enhance the airtightness and weather resistance of the glass. Set exhaust holes in the sealing structure and control the argon filling amount to make the argon density in the hollow layer meet the design requirements.

[0045] According to the size of the side window of the high-speed train, the encapsulated power generation glass is cut and customized, and then installed at the position of the train side window through a robotic arm or automated equipment to replace the original ordinary insulating glass. After installation, the positive and negative busbar connections of the cadmium telluride power generation chips are connected in series and parallel using a junction box, and then connected to the inverter busbar box through busbars, and finally integrated into the auxiliary power supply system or energy storage device of the train.

[0046] After installation, perform photoelectric conversion efficiency tests, heat insulation performance tests, sound insulation performance tests, and durability tests on the high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains, and adjust the structure and encapsulation parameters of the glass according to the test results to optimize its performance.

[0047] Example 4

[0048] As Figure 3 shown in the second preparation scheme of a high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains in this embodiment,

[0049] This power generation glass adopts a sandwich structure, with two layers of tempered glass sandwiching the cadmium telluride power generation chips, and argon gas layers are filled on both sides of the power generation chips to improve the sealing and mechanical stability of the glass.

[0050] First, prepare the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation glass. On a common tempered glass substrate, deposit a transparent conductive layer, a cadmium telluride light absorption layer, a buffer layer, and a back electrode layer in sequence to form a complete power generation unit. Laser etch the four sides of this power generation unit to remove the non-power generation areas and form an 8-mm-wide edge area for subsequent attachment of busbars.

[0051] Then, use the prepared high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation glass as the middle layer and combine it with the ordinary tempered insulating glass on both sides to form a sandwich structure. Place the cadmium telluride power generation chips inside the glass structure so that cavities are formed on both sides, and argon gas is filled into each cavity as an inert filling gas. Fix the cadmium telluride power generation chips inside the glass structure using 8-mm-wide hot-melt butyl rubber to ensure the stability of the structure.

[0052] Install a 4SG automatic bending aluminum frame around the glass, and apply a high-strength sealant at the joint between the aluminum frame and the glass to enhance the airtightness and weather resistance of the glass. Set exhaust holes in the sealing structure, and control the argon filling amount so that the argon density in the hollow layer meets the design requirements.

[0053] According to the size of the side window of the high-speed train, the encapsulated power generation glass is cut and customized, and then installed at the position of the train side window through a robotic arm or automated equipment to replace the original ordinary insulating glass. After installation, the positive and negative busbar connections of the cadmium telluride power generation chips are connected in series and parallel using a junction box, and then connected to the inverter busbar box through busbars, and finally integrated into the auxiliary power supply system or energy storage device of the train.

[0054] After the installation is completed, perform photoelectric conversion efficiency test, heat insulation performance test, sound insulation performance test and durability test on the highly transparent power generation glass for high-speed trains, and adjust the structure and encapsulation parameters of the glass according to the test results to optimize its performance.

[0055] As described above, it is only the specific implementation manner of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claimed rights.

[0056] Finally: The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly transparent power generation glass for high-speed trains, comprising a highly transparent cadmium telluride power generation glass located in the middle layer, wherein the highly transparent cadmium telluride power generation glass includes a glass substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a cadmium telluride light absorption layer, a buffer layer, and a back electrode; two layers of ordinary tempered insulating glass sandwiching the highly transparent cadmium telluride power generation glass form a sandwich structure, and an inert gas is filled inside, and it is characterized in that, The four sides of the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation chip are formed into edge regions by laser etching; busbars attached to the positive and negative electrodes of the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation chip; hot-melt butyl rubber for fixing the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation chip to tempered insulating glass; an automatically bent aluminum frame arranged around the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation chip, and a high-strength sealant is provided at the edge of the aluminum frame.

2. The highly light-transmissive power generation glass for a high-speed train according to claim 1, wherein The inert gas is argon.

3. The highly transparent power generation glass for a high-speed train according to claim 1, wherein The visible light transmittance of the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation glass is greater than or equal to 60%.

4. The highly transparent power generation glass for a high-speed train according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation glass is not less than 17%.

5. A highly transparent power generation glass for a high-speed train according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the edge region formed by laser etching on the four sides of the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation chip is 8 mm.

6. The highly transparent power generation glass for a high-speed train according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the hot-melt butyl rubber is 8 mm.

7. The highly light-transmissive power generation glass for a high-speed train according to claim 1, wherein The automatically bent aluminum frame is a 4SG automatically bent aluminum frame.

8. The high-transparency power generation glass for a high-speed train according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hot-melt butyl rubber is used to fix the high-transmittance cadmium telluride power generation chip to the second surface of the tempered insulating glass.

9. A method for applying a highly transparent power generation glass for a high-speed train according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Step S1, cutting and customizing the high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains according to the size of the side windows of high-speed trains; Step S2, installing the high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains to the side window position of the train through a robotic arm or automated equipment to replace the original ordinary insulating glass; Step S3, using a junction box to perform series-parallel power generation on the positive and negative busbar connections of the high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains and converging to the inverter busbar box; Step S4, paralleling the electric energy to the auxiliary power supply system or energy storage device of the train to provide supplementary power; Step S5, comprehensively testing the performance of the installed high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains, including photoelectric conversion efficiency testing, heat insulation performance testing, sound insulation performance testing, and durability testing; Step S6, optimizing and adjusting the high-transmittance power generation glass for high-speed trains according to the results of the performance testing.

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