Saline-alkali soil treatment method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali land improvement, and particularly discloses a saline-alkali land treatment method which comprises the following steps: soil pretreatment, deep ploughing of saline-alkali land soil, leveling of the soil, primary spraying of water to the soil, leaching treatment, improvement of the soil structure and improvement of the soil fertility. According to the method, a base fertilizer is applied within 5-10 days after preliminary improvement and soil leaching treatment, then ploughing is carried out after a modifier is applied, water is sprayed to the soil for the second time after ploughing, and wetting treatment is carried out, so that long-acting nutrients and a good soil microbial environment can be provided for crop growth; alkali-resisting plants are planted, the alkali-resisting plants can be sown into the soil 15-20 days after the soil wetting treatment, and the alkali-resisting plants comprise suaeda glauca, alfalfa, pennisetum sinese or leymus chinensis; the treatment is enhanced, topdressing is applied during the growth period of the alkali-resistant plants, that is, the modifier is applied again, and the topdressing mode adopts furrow application, hole application or flushing application, so that the modifier can quickly reach the periphery of the root system of the crop to play a role.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali land improvement, and specifically provides a method for treating saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali land is a type of land where salts accumulate, referring to land where the salts contained in the soil affect the normal growth of crops. The formation of alkali soil and alkalized soil in China is mostly related to the accumulation of carbonates in the soil, so the degree of alkalization is generally high, and plants can hardly survive in severely saline-alkali soil areas.

[0003] The problem of land salinization will lead to deterioration of the physical and chemical properties and nutritional conditions of the soil. Coupled with drainage, salt washing, and increased fixed irrigation, the soil will release nitrogen to improve its availability, resulting in soil salinization, greatly reducing the organic matter content, a significant decrease in available phosphorus, and at the same time, due to the high pH value and high calcium carbonate content of the soil, phosphorus continuously forms phosphates in the soil and is difficult to dissolve, and the availability of phosphorus continuously decreases, and the availability of elements such as zinc, manganese, iron, and copper also continuously decreases, resulting in a decrease in the organic matter content in the soil, and thus seriously affecting the normal growth of crops.

[0004] In response to the problem of land salinization, common treatment methods include land leveling, soil improvement by fertilization to inhibit salt, deep plowing to inhibit salt, vibration deep loosening, rice cultivation to improve salt, tree planting, etc. Among them, microorganisms can reduce the salt content in the soil through various mechanisms, but for some severely saline-alkali lands, it may be difficult to reduce the salt content to a level suitable for crop growth only by the action of microorganisms.

[0005] This patent was completed with the support of a sub-project of the National Key Research and Development Program (undertaking unit: National Land Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources; affiliated project: Key Technologies for Land Construction and Rapid Ripening of Newly Reclaimed Cultivated Land in Black Soil Areas) (undertaking unit: Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, sub-project number: 2024YFD1500505-1). Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for treating saline-alkali land to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for treating saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps: Soil pretreatment: Deeply plow the saline-alkali land soil, then level the soil, and spray water on the soil once for leaching treatment to improve the soil structure and soil fertility. Increase the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the roots of salt-tolerant plants, as well as the diffusion and action of the modifier in the soil.

[0008] Initial improvement: Apply basal fertilizer within 5 - 10 days after soil leaching treatment, then apply the modifier and conduct plowing. After plowing, spray water on the soil for the second time for moistening treatment. This can provide long - term nutrients for crop growth and a good soil microbial environment.

[0009] Planting alkali - tolerant plants: 15 - 20 days after the soil moistening treatment, the alkali - tolerant plants can be sown into the soil. The alkali - tolerant plants include Suaeda glauca, Medicago sativa, Pennisetum giganteum or Leymus chinensis. These plants can grow in high - salinity environments and reduce the salt content in the soil and improve the soil structure through their own physiological metabolism activities.

[0010] Strengthen governance: Apply top - dressing during the growth period of alkali - tolerant plants, that is, apply the modifier again. The top - dressing methods include furrow application, hole application or flushing application. This enables the modifier to quickly reach the surrounding of the crop roots and play its role.

[0011] Preferably, the depth of deep plowing is 25 - 35 cm to break the soil hardpan layer; during deep plowing, turn the lower - layer soil to the upper layer to change the soil physical structure; after deep plowing, level the soil surface to eliminate the uneven terrain. Deep plowing the soil can turn the soil with relatively low salt content in the lower layer to the upper layer, improving the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, promoting the leaching of salts in the soil and the growth of roots. Level the soil so that subsequent irrigation, drainage and planting operations can be carried out evenly, preventing local waterlogging or salt accumulation.

[0012] Preferably, the modifier includes 26 - 36 parts by mass of coal gangue powder, 40 - 51 parts of organic acid, 1 - 5 parts of phytic acid, 7 - 10 parts of humic acid, 0.5 - 1.2 parts of water - soluble monomer, and 8.7 - 13.1 parts of microbial inoculum according to mass fraction.

[0013] Humic acid can provide a carbon source and energy for microorganisms, promoting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. At the same time, the metabolic activities of microorganisms can further decompose humic acid, releasing more nutrients for plants to absorb. Attention should be paid to the application rate and application time of humic acid to avoid affecting the growth of plants and microorganisms due to too much or too little humic acid. After applying humic acid, observe the growth status of plants and the changes in soil microorganisms, and adjust management measures in a timely manner.

[0014] Preferably, the organic acid is one or more of citric acid, malic acid or oxalic acid; the humic acid is one or more of low - rank coal, fly ash, lignite, weathered coal or coal slime, and its concentration is 70 wt%; the water - soluble monomer is one or more of glycidyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate or acrylamide; the microbial inoculum is one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium or phosphorus - and potassium - solubilizing bacteria.

[0015] Preferably, the water application rate for the first spraying on the soil is 7 - 15 kg / m; the water application rate for the second spraying on the soil is 6 - 11 kg / m.

[0016] Preferably, the application rate of the modifier during basal fertilization is 2 - 5 kg / m; during topdressing, when the topdressing method is furrow application or hole application, the application rate of the modifier is 1 - 2 kg / m, and when the topdressing method is flushing application, the application rate of the modifier is 0.5 - 1 kg / m.

[0017] Preferably, during furrow application and hole application, furrows are opened or holes are dug near the crop roots, the microbial agent is applied and then covered with soil; during flushing application, the microbial agent is diluted and then applied into the field together with the irrigation water. During flushing application, the modifier is diluted into a solution with a concentration of 0.1 - 0.3% and flushed into the soil with water; the topdressing also includes drip irrigation. During drip irrigation, the concentration can be reduced to 0.05 - 0.1%.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Based on the microbial treatment of saline - alkali land, the present invention grows alkali - tolerant plants to achieve their own physiological metabolic activities, reduce the salt content in the soil, and improve the soil structure. By reasonably combining microorganisms and humic acid, it can effectively improve saline - alkali soil, improve the growth quality and yield of plants, and improve the ecological environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0020] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiment

[0021] Please refer to Figure 1 , this embodiment provides a technical solution, a method for treating saline - alkali land, including the following steps: Step 1, soil pretreatment. Deep - plow the saline - alkali land soil, then level the soil, and spray water on the soil for the first time. The water application rate for the first spraying on the soil is 12 kg / m, and leaching treatment is carried out to improve the soil structure and soil fertility. Increase the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the roots of alkali - tolerant plants, as well as the diffusion and action of the modifier in the soil.

[0022] The deep plowing depth is 34 cm to break up the soil hardpan layer. During deep plowing, the lower layer of soil is turned to the upper layer to change the physical structure of the soil. After deep plowing, the soil surface is leveled to eliminate uneven terrain. Deep plowing the soil can turn the soil with relatively low salt content in the lower layer to the upper layer, improving the soil aeration and water permeability, and promoting the leaching of salts in the soil and the growth of roots. Leveling the soil enables subsequent irrigation, drainage, and planting operations to be carried out evenly, preventing local waterlogging or salt accumulation.

[0023] Step Two, preliminary improvement: Apply basal fertilizer within 8 days after soil leaching treatment, then apply the soil conditioner and plow. After plowing, spray water on the soil for the second time, with the water spraying amount being 9 kg / m² for moistening treatment. This can provide long-term nutrients and a good soil microbial environment for crop growth.

[0024] The soil conditioner includes, by mass, 36 parts of coal gangue powder, 51 parts of organic acid, 5 parts of phytic acid, 7 parts of humic acid, 0.52 part of water-soluble monomer, and 12 parts of microbial inoculum.

[0025] Humic acid can provide a carbon source and energy for microorganisms, promoting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. At the same time, the metabolic activities of microorganisms can further decompose humic acid, releasing more nutrients for plants to absorb. Attention should be paid to the application rate and application time of humic acid to avoid affecting the growth of plants and microorganisms due to excessive or insufficient humic acid. After applying humic acid, observe the growth status of plants and the changes in soil microorganisms, and adjust management measures in a timely manner.

[0026] The organic acid is citric acid and malic acid; the humic acid is fly ash and lignite, with a concentration of 70 wt%; the water-soluble monomer is methyl methacrylate and acrylamide; the microbial inoculum is Bacillus subtilis.

[0027] Step Three, planting alkali-tolerant plants: 16 days after the soil moistening treatment, the alkali-tolerant plant, Suaeda glauca, can be sown into the soil. Through its own physiological metabolism, it can reduce the salt content in the soil and improve the soil structure.

[0028] Step Four, strengthening treatment: Apply topdressing during the growth period of alkali-tolerant plants, that is, apply the soil conditioner again. The topdressing method can be ditch application, hole application, or flushing application. This enables the soil conditioner to quickly reach the vicinity of crop roots and play its role.

[0029] The application rate of the soil conditioner when applying basal fertilizer is 5 kg / m²; when applying topdressing, the application rate of the soil conditioner for ditch application and hole application is 1.6 kg / m², and the application rate of the soil conditioner for flushing application is 0.7 kg / m².

[0030] For furrow application and hole application, trenches or holes are dug near the crop roots, the microbial agent is applied and then covered with soil; for flushing application, the microbial agent is diluted and applied into the field together with the irrigation water. When flushing, the modifier is diluted into a solution with a concentration of 0.3% and flushed into the soil with water; topdressing also includes drip irrigation. When drip irrigation is used, the concentration can be reduced to 0.1%. Example

[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 , this example provides a technical solution, a method for treating saline-alkali land, including the following steps: Step 1, soil pretreatment. Deeply plow the saline-alkali land soil, then level the soil, and spray water on the soil once. When spraying water on the soil once, the water application rate is 9 kg / m, and leaching treatment is carried out to improve the soil structure and soil fertility. Increase the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the roots of salt-tolerant plants, as well as the diffusion and action of the modifier in the soil.

[0032] The depth of deep plowing is 27 cm to break the soil hardpan layer; during deep plowing, turn the lower layer of soil to the upper layer to change the physical structure of the soil; after deep plowing, level the soil surface to eliminate uneven terrain. Deep plowing the soil can turn the soil with relatively low salt content in the lower layer to the upper layer, improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, and promote the leaching of salts in the soil and the growth of roots. Level the soil so that subsequent irrigation, drainage, and planting operations can be carried out evenly, preventing local waterlogging or salt accumulation.

[0033] Step 2, preliminary improvement. Apply the base fertilizer within 7 days after the soil leaching treatment, then apply the modifier and plow the soil. After plowing, spray water on the soil for the second time. When spraying water on the soil for the second time, the water application rate is 10 kg / m, and wetting treatment is carried out. This can provide long-term nutrients for crop growth and a good soil microbial environment.

[0034] The modifier includes 30 parts of coal gangue powder, 45 parts of organic acid, 4 parts of phytic acid, 6 parts of humic acid, 0.7 part of water-soluble monomer, and 13.1 parts of microbial agent by mass.

[0035] Humic acid can provide carbon source and energy for microorganisms, promoting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. At the same time, the metabolic activities of microorganisms can further decompose humic acid, releasing more nutrients for plants to absorb. Attention should be paid to the application rate and application time of humic acid to avoid affecting the growth of plants and microorganisms due to too much or too little humic acid. After applying humic acid, observe the growth status of plants and changes in soil microorganisms, and adjust management measures in a timely manner.

[0036] The organic acid is one or more of citric acid; the humic acid is lignite and weathered coal, and its concentration is 70 wt%; the water-soluble monomer is glycidyl methacrylate; the microbial agent is Bacillus megaterium.

[0037] Step 3: Plant alkali-tolerant plants. 19 days after the soil moisture treatment, the alkali-tolerant plants can be sown into the soil. The alkali-tolerant plants include Suaeda glauca, Medicago sativa, Pennisetum giganteum or Leymus chinensis. These plants can grow in high-salinity environments and reduce the salt content in the soil and improve the soil structure through their own physiological and metabolic activities.

[0038] Step 4: Strengthen the treatment. Topdressing is applied during the growth period of the alkali-tolerant plants, that is, a modifier is applied again. The topdressing method is ditch application, hole application or flushing application. This enables the modifier to quickly reach the vicinity of the crop roots and play its role.

[0039] The application rate of the modifier during basal dressing is 3 kg / m; during topdressing, the application rate of the modifier for ditch application and hole application is 1.4 kg / m, and the application rate of the modifier for flushing application is 0.7 kg / m.

[0040] During ditch application and hole application, a ditch is dug or a hole is made near the crop roots, the microbial agent is applied and then covered with soil; during flushing application, the microbial agent is diluted and applied into the field together with the irrigation water. During flushing application, the modifier is diluted into a 0.1% concentration solution and flushed into the soil with water; topdressing also includes drip irrigation. During drip irrigation, the concentration can be reduced to 0.05%. Example

[0041] Please refer to Figure 1 , this example provides a technical solution, a method for treating saline-alkali land, including the following steps: Step 1: Soil pretreatment. Deeply plow the saline-alkali land soil, then level the soil, and spray water on the soil once. The water spraying amount during the first soil water spraying is 8 kg / m, and leaching treatment is carried out to improve the soil structure and increase the soil fertility. Increase the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the roots of saline-alkali-tolerant plants, as well as the diffusion and action of the modifier in the soil.

[0042] The depth of deep plowing is 32 cm to break the soil hardpan layer; during deep plowing, the lower layer of soil is turned to the upper layer to change the physical structure of the soil; after deep plowing, the soil surface is leveled to eliminate the uneven terrain. Deep plowing the soil can turn the soil with relatively low salt content in the lower layer to the upper layer, improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, and promote the leaching of salts in the soil and the growth of roots. Level the soil so that subsequent irrigation, drainage and planting operations can be carried out evenly, preventing local waterlogging or salt accumulation.

[0043] Step 2: Preliminary improvement. Apply basal dressing within 8 days after the soil leaching treatment, then apply a modifier and carry out plowing. After plowing, spray water on the soil a second time. The water spraying amount during the second soil water spraying is 7 kg / m, and moisture treatment is carried out. This can provide long-term nutrients and a good soil microbial environment for crop growth.

[0044] The conditioner includes 28 parts by mass of coal gangue powder, 49 parts of organic acid, 2 parts of phytic acid, 8 parts of humic acid, 1.1 parts of water-soluble monomer, and 9 parts of microbial inoculum.

[0045] Humic acid can provide carbon source and energy for microorganisms, promoting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. At the same time, the metabolic activities of microorganisms can further decompose humic acid, releasing more nutrients for plants to absorb. Attention should be paid to the application rate and application time of humic acid to avoid affecting the growth of plants and microorganisms due to excessive or insufficient humic acid. After applying humic acid, observe the growth status of plants and the changes in soil microorganisms, and adjust management measures in a timely manner.

[0046] The organic acid is malic acid and oxalic acid; the humic acid is fly ash and weathered coal, and its concentration is 70 wt%; the water-soluble monomer is methyl methacrylate; the microbial inoculum is phosphorus- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria.

[0047] Step three, planting alkali-tolerant plants. 17 days after the soil is moistened, the alkali-tolerant plants can be sown into the soil. The alkali-tolerant plants include Suaeda glauca, Medicago sativa, Pennisetum giganteum, or Leymus chinensis. These plants can grow in high-salt-alkali environments and reduce the salt content in the soil and improve the soil structure through their own physiological and metabolic activities.

[0048] Step four, strengthening management. During the growth period of alkali-tolerant plants, topdressing is applied, that is, the conditioner is applied again. The topdressing methods include furrow application, hole application, or flushing application. Make the conditioner quickly reach the vicinity of the crop roots and play a role.

[0049] The application rate of the conditioner when applying the base fertilizer is 3.1 kg / m; when applying topdressing, the application rate of the conditioner for furrow application and hole application is 1.7 kg / m, and the application rate of the conditioner for flushing application is 0.9 kg / m.

[0050] For furrow application and hole application, open furrows or dig holes near the crop roots, apply the inoculum, and then cover the soil; for flushing application, dilute the inoculum and apply it into the field together with the irrigation water. When flushing application, dilute the conditioner into a 0.2% concentration solution and flush it into the soil with water; topdressing also includes drip irrigation. When drip irrigation is used, the concentration can be reduced to 0.08%.

[0051] Select the saline-alkali land treated in Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 as the experimental group for testing. The test items are soil salt content, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter. The experimental results are not less than two weeks. The test results are shown in the following table:

[0052] In summary, the method for treating saline-alkali land can reduce the salt content in the soil and improve the soil structure by planting alkali-tolerant plants to achieve their own physiological metabolic activities. Reasonable combination of microorganisms and humic acid can effectively improve saline-alkali soil, enhance the growth quality and yield of plants, and improve the ecological environment.

[0053] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for treating saline-alkali land, characterized in that: Soil pretreatment: Deep plow the saline-alkali soil, then level the soil and spray water on the soil once for leaching treatment. Preliminary improvement: Apply basal fertilizer within 5 - 10 days after the soil leaching treatment, then apply the modifier and plow the soil. After plowing, spray water on the soil a second time for wetting treatment. Planting alkali-tolerant plants: 15 - 20 days after the soil wetting treatment, the alkali-tolerant plants can be sown into the soil. The alkali-tolerant plants include Suaeda glauca, Medicago sativa, Pennisetum giganteum or Leymus chinensis. Strengthened treatment: Apply topdressing during the growth period of the alkali-tolerant plants, that is, apply the modifier again. The topdressing method can be furrow application, hole application or flushing application.

2. The method for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: The depth of the deep plowing is 25 - 35 cm to break the soil hardpan layer; during deep plowing, turn the lower layer of soil to the upper layer to change the soil physical structure; after deep plowing, level the soil surface to eliminate the uneven terrain.

3. The method for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: The modifier includes 26 - 36 parts of coal gangue powder, 40 - 51 parts of organic acid, 1 - 5 parts of phytic acid, 7 - 10 parts of humic acid, 0.5 - 1.2 parts of water-soluble monomer, and 8.7 - 13.1 parts of microbial inoculum by mass.

4. The method for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 3, characterized in that: The organic acid is one or more of citric acid, malic acid or oxalic acid.

5. The method for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 3, wherein: The humic acid is one or more of low-rank coal, fly ash, lignite, weathered coal or coal slime.

6. The method for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water-soluble monomer is one or more of glycidyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate or acrylamide.

7. A method for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 3, characterized in that: The microbial inoculum is one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium or phosphorus- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria.

8. A method for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: When spraying water on the soil for the first time, the water application rate is 7 - 15 kg / m; when spraying water on the soil for the second time, the water application rate is 6 - 11 kg / m.

9. A method for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: When applying the basal fertilizer, the application rate of the modifier is 2 - 5 kg / m; when applying topdressing, the application rate of the modifier for furrow application and hole application is 1 - 2 kg / m, and the application rate of the modifier for flushing application is 0.5 - 1 kg / m.

10. A method for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: For furrow application and hole application, open furrows or dig holes near the crop roots, apply the inoculum and then cover the soil. For flushing application, dilute the inoculum and apply it into the field together with the irrigation water. When flushing, dilute the modifier into a solution with a concentration of 0.1 - 0.3% and flush it into the soil with water. The topdressing also includes drip irrigation. During drip irrigation, the concentration can be reduced to 0.05 - 0.1%.

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