Design and preparation method of transparent photovoltaic power generation agricultural greenhouse

Abstract

The invention relates to a design and preparation method of a transparent photovoltaic power generation agricultural greenhouse, and belongs to the technical field of crossing of new energy and modern agriculture. According to the agricultural greenhouse, a full-transparent photovoltaic power generation assembly is adopted as a main body building material, and the full-transparent photovoltaic power generation assembly comprises full-transparent photovoltaic power generation glass, a polycarbonate (PC) plate or a fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) plate and the like. The assembly is composed of a structural layer, a photoluminescence substance layer and a solar power generation layer, the photoluminescence substance layer absorbs ultraviolet rays and converts the ultraviolet rays into visible light, light energy is conducted to the solar power generation layer on the edge through the waveguide effect for efficient photoelectric conversion, meanwhile, visible light and infrared rays are allowed to penetrate through, and the growth requirement of crops is met. The greenhouse adopts a modular supporting structure, components are integrated in a detachable mode, and the greenhouse has the advantages of being high in stability, attractive and the like. According to the invention, collaborative optimization of photovoltaic power generation and agricultural production is realized, and the utilization rate of light energy and the practicability of the agricultural greenhouse are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the cross - technical field of new energy and modern agriculture, and specifically relates to a design method for a transparent photovoltaic power - generating agricultural greenhouse. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of global energy transformation and agricultural modernization, the agro - photovoltaic complementary system, as a combination of renewable energy and modern agriculture, has received extensive attention in recent years. Traditional photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses mainly use crystalline silicon solar panels. Although they can achieve a certain degree of power - generation function, there are many technical limitations in practical applications.

[0003] Traditional photovoltaic modules generally adopt technical means such as colored semi - transparent photovoltaic materials or hollowed - out opaque photovoltaic materials. The visible light transmittance is low, seriously blocking the light energy required for crop photosynthesis, resulting in crop growth limitations and yield decline, and is not suitable for application in agricultural greenhouses.

[0004] Traditional photovoltaic modules mainly rely on the direct photon energy of sunlight for power generation. When light passes through the solar power - generation layer, part of the light energy is absorbed and attenuated. Since the photovoltaic material layer (including the power - generation layer and the light - absorption layer) needs to be completely or partially perpendicular to the incident light to effectively absorb light energy, this results in a corresponding reduction in the light flux transmitted by the module. Limited by this angle - dependent light - absorption characteristic, the utilization rate of sunlight by the system is low, which significantly affects the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the current technology, this project proposes a design and preparation method for a new type of transparent photovoltaic power - generating agricultural greenhouse. This method innovatively adopts a fully transparent photovoltaic module structure and breaks through the limitation of the light - absorption angle of traditional photovoltaic modules, thereby achieving efficient photovoltaic power generation on the premise of ensuring the normal growth of crops in the greenhouse and significantly improving the light - energy utilization rate of the photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse. At the same time, the project adopts an advanced greenhouse support - structure design, which further enhances the overall structural stability while maintaining the aesthetics of the agricultural greenhouse.

[0006] The specific design and preparation scheme adopted in this project is as follows:

[0007] (1) Use fully transparent photovoltaic power - generation components as the main building materials for the agricultural greenhouse.

[0008] (2) Adopt a modular greenhouse support structure for construction, and the fully transparent photovoltaic power - generation components are integrally arranged on the surface of the support structure in a detachable manner;

[0009] The fully transparent photovoltaic power - generation components include any one or several of fully transparent photovoltaic glass, fully transparent photovoltaic polycarbonate (PC) plates, and fully transparent photovoltaic fiber - reinforced plastic (FRP) plates.

[0010] The transparent photovoltaic power generation component adopts a multi-layer laminated structure design, and is at least composed of a first structural layer (such as glass or a plate), a second structural layer, and a photoluminescent material layer sandwiched between the two. The solar power generation layer is arranged at the edge of the component, and its receiving surface is parallel to the incident direction of sunlight. When sunlight shines, visible light and infrared rays can directly penetrate the component, while ultraviolet rays are scattered and redirected by the photoluminescent material layer, and then through the total reflection effect of the multi-layer laminated structure interface, the light wave is guided to the solar power generation layer at the edge position for photoelectric conversion.

[0011] Furthermore, the photoluminescent material layer can adopt two structural forms: one is composed of two single-layer photoluminescent compound material layers and a polymer film material layer in the middle layer; the other is a viscous photoluminescent material layer formed by mixing the photoluminescent material and the polymer film material.

[0012] Furthermore, the photovoltaic power generation component is composed of a single unit component layer or multiple stacked unit component layers. Each unit component layer includes a first structural layer, a second structural layer, and a photoluminescent material layer. The unit component layer firmly bonds the photoluminescent material layer and the structural layer into a whole through a vacuum hot pressing process.

[0013] This application also provides a manufacturing method of the above-mentioned fully transparent photovoltaic power generation component. The preparation method includes:

[0014] S1, preparing a photoluminescent material layer, which can be a single-layer compound, or a viscous photoluminescent composite layer formed by mixing the photoluminescent material and the polymer film material;

[0015] S2, bonding the photoluminescent material layer and the structural layer (such as glass or a plate) into a unit component, and then stacking multiple unit components on both sides in the vertical direction of their surfaces to form the core main body part of the photovoltaic power generation component;

[0016] S3, covering the edge of the main body part with a packaging material, and attaching a solar power generation layer to the outer surface of the packaging layer. The solar power generation layer is connected to an external circuit.

[0017] Furthermore, the photoluminescent material layer and the structural layer are bonded through a vacuum hot pressing process to form a complete unit component.

[0018] Furthermore, the unit component layer is composed of a first structural layer, a second structural layer, and a photoluminescent material layer.

[0019] Furthermore, the solar power generation layer is arranged in an orthogonal direction to the photovoltaic power generation component.

[0020] Furthermore, the photovoltaic power generation component is composed of a single layer or multiple layers of unit components.

[0021] The present application also provides a technical solution for the application of a photoluminescent substance. The photoluminescent substance is applied in a solar light steering waveguide laminated photovoltaic power generation module. The photoluminescent substance is one or a combination of a metal halide luminescent material, a rare earth luminescent material, an organic luminescent material, a metal complex luminescent material, an organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent material, and an inorganic quantum dot luminescent material. The above substances absorb ultraviolet light with a wavelength of about 100 nm to 350 nm and emit visible light with a wavelength of about 400 nm to 780 nm.

[0022] Further, the photoluminescent substance combines with a structural layer to form a multi-layer structure; the photoluminescent substance is distributed at the interface between the structural layer and the polymer adhesive film layer through a coating or printing process, or is directly dispersed inside the polymer adhesive film layer.

[0023] Based on the manufacturing method of the above-mentioned fully transparent photovoltaic power generation module, the present fully transparent photovoltaic power generation module has the following technical characteristics compared with the existing traditional photovoltaic modules:

[0024] The fully transparent photovoltaic power generation module of the present application can efficiently absorb sunlight from any direction, breaking through the limitation of the incident angle of traditional photovoltaic modules and significantly improving the light energy conversion efficiency. At the same time, the module allows visible light and infrared light in sunlight to be completely transmitted, ensuring that the crops in the agricultural greenhouse obtain sufficient light conditions and heat to meet their normal growth and development needs.

[0025] The greenhouse support structure includes any one or several of a top ridge support frame, a roof support frame, a wall support frame, and a gutter height horizontal support frame.

[0026] Using the above greenhouse support structure, a transparent photovoltaic power generation agricultural greenhouse with four surrounding walls and a closed top in the shape of an approximate cube is built.

[0027] Further, an automatic irrigation system and other systems are equipped in the transparent photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse. The fully transparent photovoltaic power generation module can directly supply power to these systems through photovoltaics or connect this electricity to the national power grid.

[0028] Based on the design and preparation method of the above-mentioned transparent photovoltaic power generation agricultural greenhouse, the present invention has the following technical advantages:

[0029] First, the agricultural greenhouse is built with fully transparent photovoltaic power generation components, which have the function of transmitting visible light and infrared rays and can adapt to the normal growth of crops in the greenhouse. Secondly, the fully transparent photovoltaic power generation components used in the agricultural greenhouse break through the limitations of the light absorption angle of traditional power generation components, and achieve efficient photovoltaic power generation on the premise of ensuring the normal photosynthesis of crops in the greenhouse, with a higher theoretical photovoltaic conversion efficiency of solar cells. Finally, the agricultural greenhouse uses an advanced support structure, which not only has an aesthetic appearance but also has excellent structural stability. Moreover, the fully transparent photovoltaic power generation components can directly supply power to systems such as automatic irrigation through photovoltaics or connect this electricity to the national power grid to achieve the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the fully transparent photovoltaic power generation component provided by the present invention;

[0031] In the figure, 1 - structural layer, 2 - photoluminescent layer, 3 - solar power generation layer;

[0032] Figure 2 is the final effect diagram of the transparent photovoltaic power generation agricultural greenhouse.

[0033] The present invention will be further described in detail below. However, the following examples are merely simple examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the patent protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and through specific embodiments.

[0035] For better illustration of the present invention and facilitation of understanding of its technical solution, the following are typical but non-limiting examples of the present invention.

[0036] The embodiments are as follows:

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] This embodiment provides a design and preparation method for a photovoltaic power generation agricultural greenhouse, and the method includes:

[0039] (1) Using an organic light-emitting material as the photoluminescent layer and tempered glass as the structural layer, combined with the solar power generation layer, a fully transparent photovoltaic power generation glass as shown in the Figure 1 structure is prepared through a sandwich-type three-layer structure.

[0040] (2) Taking the fully transparent photovoltaic power generation glass prepared in step (1) as the main building material, and building an agricultural greenhouse with a fully transparent photovoltaic power generation component integrally and detachably on the surface of the support structure according to the ridge support structure and wall support structure of the agricultural greenhouse.

[0041] (3) An automatic irrigation system and other systems are equipped in the agricultural greenhouse. The fully transparent photovoltaic power generation components can directly supply power to these systems through photovoltaics or connect this electricity to the national power grid.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] This example provides a design and preparation method for a photovoltaic power generation agricultural greenhouse, and the method includes:

[0044] (1) Using a metal complex luminescent material as the photoluminescent layer, using a polycarbonate (PC) board as the structural layer, combining with a solar power generation layer, and obtaining a fully transparent photovoltaic power generation PC board as shown in the Figure 1 structure through a sandwich - type three - layer structure.

[0045] (2) Using the fully transparent photovoltaic power generation PC board obtained in step one as the main building material, and building an agricultural greenhouse with a fully transparent photovoltaic power generation component integrally formed on the surface of the support structure in a detachable manner according to the ridge support structure and wall support structure of the agricultural greenhouse.

[0046] (3) An automatic irrigation system and other systems are equipped in the agricultural greenhouse. The fully transparent photovoltaic power generation components can directly supply power to these systems through photovoltaics or connect this electricity to the national power grid.

Claims

1. A design and preparation method of a transparent photovoltaic power generation agricultural greenhouse, characterized in that, It includes the following technical features: (1) Using fully transparent photovoltaic power generation components as the main building materials for agricultural greenhouses; (2) Adopting a modular greenhouse support structure for construction, and the fully transparent photovoltaic power generation components are integrated on the surface of the support structure in a detachable manner; (3) Having the functions of photovoltaic power generation, heat preservation, light transmission, etc. at the same time.

2. The design and preparation method of a transparent photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fully transparent photovoltaic power generation components in feature (1) include any one or several of fully transparent photovoltaic power generation glass, fully transparent photovoltaic polycarbonate (PC) boards, and fully transparent photovoltaic fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) boards.

3. A design and preparation method of a transparent photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The greenhouse support structure in feature (2) includes any one or several of a top ridge support frame, a roof support frame, a wall support frame, and a gutter height horizontal support frame.

4. A design and preparation method of a transparent photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The manufacturing method of the fully transparent photovoltaic power generation components in step (1) includes: S1. Prepare a photoluminescent material layer, which can be a single-layer compound, or a photoluminescent composite layer with viscosity is formed by mixing a photoluminescent material and a polymer film material; S2. Bond the photoluminescent material layer and a structural layer (such as glass or a board) into a unit component, and then stack multiple unit components on both sides in the vertical direction of its surface to form the core main part of the photovoltaic power generation component; S3. Cover the edge of the main part with a packaging material, and attach a solar power generation layer to the outer surface of the packaging layer, and this solar power generation layer is connected to an external circuit.

5. The manufacturing method of the fully transparent photovoltaic power generation module according to claim 4, wherein, The photoluminescent material layer and the structural layer are bonded by a vacuum hot pressing process to form a complete unit component.

6. The manufacturing method of the fully transparent photovoltaic power generation component according to claim 4, characterized in that, The unit component layer is composed of a first structural layer, a second structural layer, and a photoluminescent material layer.

7. The manufacturing method of the fully transparent photovoltaic power generation component according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that The solar power generation layer is arranged in an orthogonal direction to the photovoltaic power generation component.

8. The manufacturing method of the fully transparent photovoltaic power generation module according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power generation component is composed of a single layer or multiple layers of unit components.

9. Application of a photoluminescent substance, characterized in that, In the fully transparent photovoltaic power generation component where the photoluminescent material is applied, the photoluminescent material is one or a combination of metal halide luminescent materials, rare earth luminescent materials, organic luminescent materials, metal complex luminescent materials, organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent materials, and inorganic quantum dot luminescent materials. The above substances absorb ultraviolet light with a wavelength of about 100 nm to 350 nm and emit visible light with a wavelength of about 400 nm to 780 nm.

10. The application of the photoluminescent substance according to claim 8, characterized in that, The photoluminescent material is combined with the structural layer to form a multi-layer structure; the photoluminescent material is distributed at the surface interface of the structural layer and the polymer film layer by coating, or printed at the surface interface of the structural layer and the polymer film layer, or the photoluminescent material is mixed into the polymer film layer.

11. A design and preparation method of a transparent photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The agricultural greenhouse built by the modular greenhouse support structure is in a cube approximate structure.

12. A design and preparation method of a transparent photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, An automatic irrigation system and other systems are equipped in the transparent photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse. The fully transparent photovoltaic power generation components can directly supply power to these systems through photovoltaics or connect this electricity to the national power grid.

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