Platycodon grandiflorum planting method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly relates to a platycodon grandiflorum planting method which comprises the steps of breeding land selection, seed treatment or seedling screening, sowing or transplanting, fertilization, stubble reserving, field management, pest control and harvesting. The step of sowing and the step of fertilizing specifically comprises the following steps: sowing: processing platycodon grandiflorum seeds or sowing the platycodon grandiflorum seeds in a selected breeding field after screening seedlings, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 15-30cm, and the plant spacing is 5-15cm; fertilization: fertilization is performed before sowing or transplanting, and the fertilization is bio-fertilizer application. By means of the planting method, the yield per mu of the platycodon grandiflorum is increased by 25% or above, the germination rate and cleanliness of the seeds are increased, high quality of the seeds is ensured, and the disease resistance, especially the resistance to root rot, of the platycodon grandiflorum is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and specifically relates to a Platycodon grandiflorum planting method. Background Art

[0002] Platycodon grandiflorum is an important Chinese medicinal material, which is widely used in China and other Asian countries. If there is no long-term improved variety breeding and stable seed source supply, it will lead to continuous decline in the yield and quality of Platycodon grandiflorum. In particular, the spread of root rot disease has affected the yield. In addition, the externally transferred seed sources have also brought about mixing and degradation, and the seed price is relatively high, which has become a bottleneck for the sustainable development of the Platycodon grandiflorum industry. To sum up, there is currently no perfect Platycodon grandiflorum breeding technology system, resulting in a significant decline in the seed yield and commercial rate of Platycodon grandiflorum. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a Platycodon grandiflorum planting method.

[0004] A Platycodon grandiflorum planting method includes selecting a breeding ground, seed treatment or seedling selection, sowing or transplanting, fertilization, stubble retention, field management, pest and disease control, and harvesting. The sowing and fertilization are specifically as follows: Sowing: After treating the Platycodon grandiflorum seeds or completing the seedling selection, sow them in the selected breeding ground. The sowing time is from April 17th to April 29th, the row spacing is 15 cm to 30 cm, and the plant spacing is 5 cm to 15 cm. Fertilization: Apply fertilizer before sowing, and the fertilizer is a biological fertilizer. Among them, the main components of the biological fertilizer are sugar chain plant vaccine factor ≥ 2 g / L, N + P2O + K2O ≥ 400 g / L, biochemical fulvic acid ≥ 100 g / L, biochemical humic acid ≥ 30 g / L, chelated B and Zn ≥ 20 g / L, and multi-source organic matter ≥ 190 g / L.

[0005] Preferably, 10 kg / mu to 15 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer is applied for topdressing during the growth period of Platycodon grandiflorum. During the mid-growth period of Platycodon grandiflorum, 20 kg / mu to 30 kg / mu of compound fertilizer is applied, and 90 g / mu to 110 g / mu of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is applied in the late growth period of Platycodon grandiflorum.

[0006] Preferably, the application amount of the biological fertilizer is 50 jin / mu.

[0007] Preferably, the seed treatment is to soak the selected seeds in 500-fold liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 30 minutes for disinfection, and place the disinfected seeds at 20°C to 25°C for germination.

[0008] Preferably, the stubble retention height is 30 cm to 60 cm.

[0009] Preferably, the field management is to spray growth regulators and provide light and temperature during the early flowering stage, full flowering stage, and early pod development stage after flowering of Platycodon grandiflorum. The growth regulator is any one of DTA-6 amine fresh ester, tiibenzaric acid, and uniconazole.

[0010] Preferably, Platycodon grandiflorum receives 6 to 8 hours of light per day, and the growth temperature is 15°C to 25°C.

[0011] Preferably, disinfect the soil with a disinfectant 15 days before sowing Platycodon grandiflorum.

[0012] Preferably, the disinfectant is any one of formaldehyde, lime, and formalin.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The planting method of the present invention increases the mu yield of Platycodon grandiflorum by more than 25%, improves the seed germination rate and purity, ensures the high quality of seeds, and improves the disease resistance of Platycodon grandiflorum, especially the resistance to root rot. Detailed Embodiments

[0014] The following describes the detailed embodiments of the present invention in detail, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the detailed embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0015] The biological fertilizer used in the present invention is a water-soluble fertilizer with macro elements. The main components are sugar chain plant vaccine factor ≥ 2 g / L, N+P2O+K2O ≥ 400 g / L, biochemical fulvic acid ≥ 100 g / L, biochemical humic acid ≥ 30 g / L, chelated B, Zn ≥ 20 g / L, multi-source organic matter ≥ 190 g / L. The filing numbers of this fertilizer are: DLSRLN2021-00011, DLSRLN2023-00682 (high potassium type).

[0016] A method for planting Platycodon grandiflorum includes the following steps: 1. Select a breeding area Select a land with fertile soil and good drainage, and avoid waterlogged areas. The soil pH value is maintained between 6.5 and 7.5. Ensure that the annual accumulated temperature in the selected area is 2500°C to 3000°C, and the sunshine hours are 2800 hours to 3000 hours, which is helpful for the growth of Platycodon grandiflorum. Ensure that the soil contains sufficient organic matter and minerals. The annual precipitation should be 500 mm to 600 mm, and avoid excessive or insufficient water affecting growth.

[0017] 2. Seed treatment or seedling selection Seed selection: Select plump, disease-free, and root rot-resistant Platycodon grandiflorum seeds of Zhonggeng No. 9; select seedlings with a rhizome diameter ≥ 0.5 cm, no mildew, 1 - 2 bud points per section, and healthy and disease-free buds.

[0018] Disinfection: Soak the selected seeds or seedlings in a 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 30 minutes to kill the germs on the seed surface.

[0019] Germination acceleration: Put the disinfected seeds into a moist gauze or paper towel and place them in an incubator at a constant temperature of 20°C - 25°C for germination acceleration. Check and keep it moist every day until the seeds show white tips. Transplant the seedlings after disinfection and air-drying the moisture.

[0020] Growth environment: Platycodon grandiflorum receives 6 - 8 hours of direct sunlight every day. Germination temperature: The germination temperature of Platycodon grandiflorum seeds should be maintained between 20°C and 25°C. Growth temperature: The suitable growth temperature is 15°C - 25°C, and the temperature difference between day and night should not be too large.

[0021] 3. Sowing or transplanting Conduct soil disinfection about 15 days before sowing or transplanting Platycodon grandiflorum. This time period can ensure the disinfection effect and avoid the impact of drug residues on the growth of Platycodon grandiflorum. The dosage of the agent is 10 - 20 ml of formaldehyde per square meter or methyl bromide at the corresponding concentration. Water the soil thoroughly before sowing to ensure the soil is moist for seed germination; if transplanting, water thoroughly after planting.

[0022] Evenly scatter the treated seeds on the land and cover them with about 0.5 - 1 cm of soil to ensure good contact between the seeds and the soil; for transplanting seedlings, dig a 20-cm ditch with a slope, evenly place the seedlings on the slope, and the seedling heads are 5 cm from the ground. Appropriate soil covering should be carried out after sowing or transplanting to avoid over-compaction affecting germination. Sow or transplant between April 17th and April 29th every year. At this time, the temperature is suitable, which is conducive to the germination and growth of seeds or seedlings, ensuring a vigorous growth period in July and achieving the best seed and medicinal material harvest state in October, so as to have sufficient nutrient supply and light conditions during the critical growth period from July to September. The plant spacing is 10 cm, and the row spacing is 30 cm. When sowing, plant the seeds or seedlings according to the specifications of a row spacing of 15 - 30 cm and a plant spacing of 5 - 15 cm. Such a density setting can make full use of land resources and at the same time ensure sufficient growth space for Platycodon grandiflorum.

[0023] 4. Fertilization Use deep plowing to loosen the soil to ensure it is loose and breathable. Apply 50 catties of biological fertilizer per hectare as base fertilizer to improve soil fertility and ensure uniform distribution of soil nutrients. During the growth period of Platycodon grandiflorum, from mid-June to July, when topdressing, add nitrogen fertilizer to promote plant growth. In the middle growth stage, from late July to early August, apply appropriate compound fertilizer to promote root growth; in the later stage, from August to September, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to increase root weight and seed yield.

[0024] 5. Stubble retention The stubble retention height is 30 cm to 60 cm. After stubble retention, keep the soil moist to promote secondary growth of the plants.

[0025] 6. Field management The growth regulator is sprayed at the initial flowering stage, full flowering stage, and the initial stage of pod development after the flowers have withered of Platycodon grandiflorum.

[0026] Irrigation: Keep the soil moist in July to facilitate root growth. After August, reduce the number of irrigation times to promote the accumulation of dry matter in the roots.

[0027] 7. Pest and disease control The main pests and diseases of Platycodon grandiflorum are root rot, leaf spot, aphids, etc. To control pests and diseases, take the following measures: Strengthen field management, reasonably close plant, and maintain good ventilation and light transmission conditions. Regularly check whether the Platycodon grandiflorum plants have pests and diseases, especially the roots and leaves. Spray fungicides and insecticides, such as carbendazim, chlorothalonil, imidacloprid, etc., to prevent and treat pests and diseases. When diseased plants are found, pull them out and destroy them in time to prevent the spread of diseases.

[0028] 8. Harvesting The seeds of Platycodon grandiflorum reach the harvest period in October of the second year after sowing, and the one-year-old seedlings transplanted reach the harvest period in October of the same year. Harvest in the middle and late September. At this time, the plant height, root length, root weight, and seed yield all reach the peak. The harvesting time of Platycodon grandiflorum is generally in the first and middle ten days of October, after the above-ground part withers in autumn. When harvesting, first cut down the above-ground part and dry it until the seeds are easy to fall off, then collect the seeds, dig out the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum, remove the soil and impurities, and then dry or bake them until the water content is below 12%. During the harvesting process, pay attention to protecting the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum to avoid damage and breakage.

[0029] Example 1 A method for planting Platycodon grandiflorum, comprising the following steps: 1. Select a breeding area Select a land with fertile soil and good drainage, and avoid waterlogged areas. The soil pH value is 7.0. The selected area has sufficient sunlight, and the soil contains sufficient organic matter and minerals. The annual precipitation is 700 mm.

[0030] 2. Seed treatment Seed selection: Select plump, disease- and pest-free Platycodon grandiflorum seeds of Zhonggeng No. 9 that are resistant to root rot.

[0031] Disinfection: Soak the selected seeds in a 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 30 minutes to kill the germs on the seed surface.

[0032] Germination acceleration: Put the disinfected seeds into a moist gauze or paper towel and place them in an incubator at a constant temperature of 25°C for germination acceleration. Check and keep them moist every day until the seeds show white tips.

[0033] 3. Sowing Conduct soil disinfection 15 days before sowing Platycodon grandiflorum. The dosage of the agent is 15 ml of formaldehyde per square meter. Water thoroughly before sowing to ensure the soil is moist. Evenly spread the treated seeds on the land and cover them with 0.5 cm of soil. Sow on April 21. When sowing, the plant spacing is 10 cm and the row spacing is 30 cm.

[0034] 4. Fertilization Use deep plowing and loosening to ensure the soil is loose and breathable. Apply 50 catties of biological fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer. During the growth period of Platycodon grandiflorum, from mid-June to July, apply nitrogen fertilizer for topdressing. The application rate of nitrogen fertilizer is 15 kg / mu of urea. In the middle growth stage, from late July to early August, increase the application of compound fertilizer, with an application rate of 25 kg / mu. In the later stage, from August to September, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and growth regulators. The application rate of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 100 g / mu, and spray once every 7 days for a total of 4 sprays.

[0035] 5. Stubble retention The stubble retention height is 50 cm, and keep the soil moist after stubble retention.

[0036] 6. Field management Growth environment: Platycodon grandiflorum receives 8 hours of direct sunlight every day. Germination temperature: The germination temperature of Platycodon grandiflorum seeds is 23°C. The growth temperature is 20°C.

[0037] Irrigation: Keep the soil moist in July, and reduce the irrigation frequency after August to promote the accumulation of dry matter in the roots.

[0038] 7. Pest and disease control Maintain good ventilation and light transmission conditions. Regularly check whether the Platycodon grandiflorum plants have pests and diseases, especially the roots and leaves. Immediately pull out and destroy the diseased plants to prevent the spread of diseases.

[0039] 8. Harvesting Platycodon grandiflorum seeds reach the harvest stage in October of the second year after sowing. Harvest in mid-October, at this time, plant height, root length, root weight, and seed yield all reach their peaks. When harvesting, first cut down the above-ground part and dry it until the seeds are easily shed, then collect the seeds; use a special medicine-digging machine to dig out the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum, remove the soil and impurities, and then dry or bake them until the moisture content is below 12%. During the harvesting process, pay attention to protecting the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum to avoid damage and breakage.

[0040] Verification experiment I. Effects of different conditions on Platycodon grandiflorum 1. Sowing date data of Platycodon grandiflorum Main observation indicators Plant height: Reflects the height growth of the plant, unit is cm.

[0041] Root length: Measures the length of root system development, unit is cm.

[0042] Root diameter: The size of the root system diameter, reflects the health of the root system, unit is mm.

[0043] Root weight: The biomass of the root, reflects the absorption capacity and health status of the plant, unit is g.

[0044] Seed yield: The weight of the final seed harvest, represents economic benefits, unit is g.

[0045] The data comes from the measurement results of Platycodon grandiflorum seedlings at multiple growth stages on different sowing dates, and details of plant height, root length, root diameter, root weight, and seed yield are recorded. The sowing dates range from April 17th to May 3rd, with a total of five groups of data.

[0046] Table 1 Statistical table of agronomic data of sowing dates of Platycodon grandiflorum seedlings As can be seen from Table 1, the highest value of plant height is 80.89 cm, which appears in the plants sown on April 21st. The lowest value is 52.8 cm, which appears in the plants sown on April 29th. From the sowing dates, the plant height of Platycodon grandiflorum plants sown on April 21st is significantly higher than that of other sowing periods, indicating that they make more full use of conditions such as light, water, and temperature.

[0047] The highest value of root length is 26.11 cm, which appears in the plants sown on April 25th. The lowest value is 14.1 cm, which appears in the plants sown on May 3rd. The root length reaches its peak when sown on April 25th, but the root length of plants sown on April 21st also performs well, close to the highest value, and is better than other sowing times.

[0048] The highest value of root thickness was 19.93 mm, which appeared in the plants sown on April 21. The lowest value was 10.2 mm, which appeared in the plants sown on April 17. The root thickness showed the best performance in the platycodon grandiflorum plants sown on April 21, indicating that their roots developed relatively healthily and strongly.

[0049] The highest value of root weight was 39.91 g, which appeared in the plants sown on April 21. The lowest value was 11.8 g, which appeared in the plants sown on May 3. The root weight of platycodon grandiflorum sown on April 21 showed the best performance, indicating that its root system development and nutrient reserve ability were stronger.

[0050] The highest value of seed yield was 202.53 g, which appeared in the sowing on April 21. The lowest value was 164.36 g, which appeared in the sowing on May 3. The earlier the sowing date, the higher the seed yield. The seed yield of platycodon grandiflorum sown on April 21 was significantly better than that of other sowing dates.

[0051] Through the comparison of the above indicators, it can be seen that the platycodon grandiflorum seedlings sown on April 21 were comprehensively superior in terms of plant height, root thickness, root weight and seed yield. Especially for the key economic indicator of seed yield, it showed the highest value of 202.53 g. This indicates that April 21 is the most suitable sowing date for platycodon grandiflorum seedlings. Although the platycodon grandiflorum sown on April 25 had a slight advantage in root length, considering the economic benefits and other indicators comprehensively, April 21 was still the best choice. And the platycodon grandiflorum sown on May 3 had the lowest data in all aspects due to the late sowing time, indicating that delaying sowing would significantly affect the growth and final yield of platycodon grandiflorum.

[0052] The best sowing time is April 21. The platycodon grandiflorum seedlings sown at this time can make full use of the light, temperature and water conditions during the growth period, promote the healthy growth of plants and increase the seed yield. Sowing time: Try to choose to sow in the middle and late April to ensure that the seeds have enough time to germinate and grow.

[0053] 2. Platycodon grandiflorum density data Based on the growth data of platycodon grandiflorum at different planting densities, a detailed analysis was carried out from aspects such as plant height, root length, root thickness, root weight and seed yield, and the best planting density was explored in combination with the growth performance at different times.

[0054] The data in Table 2 cover the combinations of two row spacings and three plant spacings. The two row spacings are 30 cm and 15 cm respectively, and the three plant spacings are 15 cm, 10 cm and 5 cm respectively, with a total of six planting densities. The growth indicators and seed yield performances were recorded at two time points: July 15, 2024 and September 15, 2024.

[0055] Table 2 Statistical table of agronomic data of platycodon grandiflorum seedling density planting As can be seen from Table 2, on July 15th, the plant height ranged from 45.56 cm to 60.45 cm. The density with a relatively higher plant height was the 15 cm × 5 cm density, but the 15 cm × 15 cm density and the 30 cm × 15 cm density also showed good performance. The density with a relatively lower plant height was the 30 cm × 10 cm density. On September 15th, the plant height ranged from 54.56 cm to 71 cm. The density with the best plant height performance was the 15 cm × 10 cm density, while the 30 cm × 10 cm density showed a medium performance. In the early stage of July, the density with better plant height performance was the 15 cm × 5 cm density, which was suitable for early rapid growth. At the harvest stage in September, the density with the best plant height performance was the 15 cm × 10 cm density, with higher growth potential.

[0056] On July 15th, the root length ranged from 3.83 cm to 19.33 cm. The density with the best root length performance was the 30 cm × 15 cm density, and the other densities were all lower than 18 cm. On September 15th, the root length ranged from 21.33 cm to 27 cm. The density with the best root length performance was the 15 cm × 10 cm density, followed by the 30 cm × 5 cm density. In July, the 30 cm × 15 cm density had better root growth performance. In September, the 15 cm × 10 cm density showed the characteristic of rapid root growth and was the key density for later management.

[0057] On July 15th, the root weight ranged from 12.79 g to 18.68 g. The density with the best root weight performance was the 15×10 density, while the 15 cm × 5 cm density was the lowest. On September 15th, the root weight ranged from 17.14 g to 42.36 g. The density with the best root weight performance was the 30 cm × 10 cm density, followed by the 15 cm × 10 cm density. In July, the 15 cm × 10 cm density had the best root weight. In September, the root weight performance of the 30 cm × 10 cm density was significantly better than other densities.

[0058] The seed yield ranged from 167.03 g to 233.3 g. The density with the best seed yield performance was the 30 cm × 10 cm density, followed by the 30 cm × 15 cm density. The lowest seed yield occurred at the 15 cm × 10 cm density. In terms of the yield target, the 30 cm × 10 cm density was the optimal choice, and the seed yield was much higher than other densities.

[0059] Based on the above index analysis, considering plant height, root length, root weight, and seed yield comprehensively, the recommended best planting density is 30 cm × 10 cm, which can not only ensure a reasonable growth space but also promote high yield.

[0060] 3. Platycodon grandiflorum Seedling Fertilizer Data Analyze the experimental planting effects of six fertilizer types and ratios.

[0061] Experimental Group Classification: Experimental group 1: 100 pounds of compound fertilizer per mu, applied 1.5 pounds; Experimental group 2: 100 pounds of earthworm manure per mu, applied 1.5 pounds; Experimental group 3: 100 pounds of chicken manure per mu, applied 1.5 pounds; Experimental group 4: 50 pounds of compound fertilizer per mu + 50 pounds of earthworm manure per mu, applied 0.75 pounds + 0.75 pounds; Experimental group 5: 50 pounds of compound fertilizer per mu + 50 pounds of chicken manure per mu, applied 0.75 pounds + 0.75 pounds; Experimental group 6: 50 pounds of biological fertilizer per mu, applied 1.5 pounds.

[0062] The performances of plant height, root length, root diameter, root weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight and seed weight were recorded on July 15, 2024 and September 15, 2024 respectively.

[0063] Table 3 Statistical table of agronomic data of Platycodon grandiflorum seedlings fertilizers As can be seen from Table 3, on July 15: The range of plant height was 43 cm to 54.67 cm. The best-performing fertilizer was 50 pounds of biological fertilizer per mu, with a plant height of 54.67 cm, significantly better than other fertilizers. The chicken manure fertilizer performed the worst, with a plant height of only 43 cm. On September 15: The range of plant height was 53 cm to 74.22 cm. The best-performing fertilizer was still 50 pounds of biological fertilizer per mu, with a plant height of 74.22 cm. The plant height of compound fertilizer used alone was the smallest, only 53 cm. 50 pounds of biological fertilizer per mu had the most significant promoting effect on plant height, especially reaching the maximum value in September.

[0064] On July 15: The range of root length was 17.44 cm to 22 cm. The best-performing fertilizer was 50 pounds of biological fertilizer per mu, with a root length of 22 cm. The worst-performing was 50 pounds of compound fertilizer + 50 pounds of earthworm manure per mu. On September 15: The range of root length was 21.83 cm to 27 cm. The best-performing in terms of root length was still 50 pounds of biological fertilizer per mu, reaching 27 cm. The lowest root length was for compound fertilizer used alone. The fertilizer with the best root length performance was 50 pounds of biological fertilizer per mu, with an obvious effect on promoting root growth.

[0065] Root weight on July 15: Root weight range: 10.78 g to 17.38 g. The root weight of the biological fertilizer at 50 catties per mu is the highest, significantly higher than that of other fertilizers. The root weight of the chicken manure fertilizer is the lowest, showing poor performance. Fresh root weight on September 15: Fresh root weight range: 23.68 g to 36.97 g. The fresh root weight of the biological fertilizer at 50 catties per mu shows the best performance. Dry root weight on September 15: Dry root weight range: 12.8 g to 19.91 g. The dry root weight of the biological fertilizer at 50 catties per mu shows the best performance. Whether it is root weight, fresh root weight or dry root weight, the biological fertilizer at 50 catties per mu shows the best performance, and the gap is obvious.

[0066] Seed weight range: The lowest value of seed weight is 162.55 g, and the highest value is 250.7 g. The seed yield of the biological fertilizer at 50 catties per mu is significantly ahead of other fertilizers, with a yield of 250.7 g. In terms of seed yield, the ratio of the biological fertilizer far exceeds other fertilizer types and shows the best performance.

[0067] From various growth indicators, the biological fertilizer at 50 catties per mu shows significant advantages in plant height, root length, root weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight and seed weight, indicating that this fertilizer can effectively promote the growth and development of Platycodon grandiflorum and improve economic benefits. In contrast, the performance of 100 catties per mu of chicken manure is poor, and all indicators are at the lowest level. Especially in terms of root weight and seed weight, there is an obvious gap compared with other fertilizers. This may be related to the slow and uneven release of nutrients in chicken manure. Although the compound fertilizer used alone has a lower cost, its performance is also significantly weaker than that of the biological fertilizer, only reaching the medium level in indicators such as plant height and root weight. Advantages of biological fertilizer: Provide a variety of effective microorganisms, which can promote soil fertility and improve the absorption efficiency of Platycodon grandiflorum for nutrients. Promote well-developed roots, make the Platycodon grandiflorum plants grow more robust, and thus improve the seed yield and quality.

[0068] In summary, through this fertilizer experiment, the biological fertilizer at 50 catties per mu was established as the best fertilizer ratio for Platycodon grandiflorum planting. This fertilizer significantly improved plant height, root length, root weight and seed yield, especially showing extremely prominent performance in September.

[0069] 4. Data analysis of Platycodon grandiflorum stubble Table 4 Statistical table of agronomic data of Platycodon grandiflorum seedling stubble Stubble planting is an important technique in Platycodon grandiflorum production management. By adjusting the stubble height, the regeneration ability and yield of the plants are affected. In this invention, four different stubble heights, namely 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm, were used to record growth indicators such as plant height, root length, root diameter, root weight and seed weight, providing data support for optimizing the Platycodon grandiflorum stubble technique.

[0070] As shown in Table 4, the plant height ranged from 49.67 cm to 61 cm. With the increase of stubble height, the plant height showed a gradual upward trend. Higher stubble was conducive to the growth of Platycodon grandiflorum plant height, especially when the stubble was 60 cm, the maximum plant height was achieved.

[0071] The root length ranged from 26.89cm to 29.67cm. The best performance of root length appeared in 40cm stubble, followed by 60cm stubble. The root length of 30cm and 50cm stubble was relatively short. The medium stubble height was more conducive to promoting the longitudinal growth of the root system, while the lower stubble inhibited the development of the root system.

[0072] The root diameter ranged from 13.45 mm to 18.42 mm. As the stubble height increased, the root diameter gradually increased. Higher stubble promoted the lateral development of the root system, especially the root diameter of 60 cm stubble was the best.

[0073] The root weight ranged from 24.03 g to 26.21 g. The best root weight was achieved with a 60 cm stubble, followed by a 50 cm stubble. The root weight of 30 cm stubble was average, and the root weight of 40 cm stubble was the worst. Higher stubble significantly increased the root weight, indicating that higher stubble was beneficial to the accumulation of root substances.

[0074] Seed weight ranged from 168.43 g to 233.33 g. The best seed yield was achieved with 30 cm stubble, which was significantly higher than other stubble heights. The seed yields of 60 cm stubble and 50 cm stubble were second. The seed yield of 40 cm stubble was the lowest, only 168.43 g. 30 cm stubble contributed the most to seed yield and was suitable for seed-oriented production purposes.

[0075] In summary, if seed yield is the goal, a 30cm stubble should be selected, as its seed weight is significantly higher than other heights. If root growth is the goal, a 60cm stubble should be selected, as its root weight and root diameter are the best, and its plant height and root length are also better. If a comprehensive balance of indicators is required, a 50cm stubble is a more stable choice, as all indicators are at a medium to high level.

[0076] 5. Data analysis of Platycodon grandiflorum growth regulator Table 5 Agronomic data statistics of Platycodon grandiflorum seedling growth regulator The present invention analyzes the performance of Platycodon grandiflorum under different growth regulators and their different concentrations, specifically including three regulators, DTA-6 ester, triphosphoric acid, S3307 acetazolamide, and data of a control group without treatment. Plant height, root length, root diameter, root weight and seed weight were recorded for each group to explore the best regulator and concentration combination.

[0077] As can be seen from Table 5, the plant height ranges from 57.45 cm to 73.89 cm. For DTA-6 (diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate), at a concentration of 60 mg / L, the plant height reaches 73.67 cm, which is the optimal concentration of this regulator. Too low or too high a concentration has an inhibitory effect on plant height. For trimesic acid, at a concentration of 150 mg / L, the plant height reaches 72.89 cm, showing the best performance. The plant height performance at other concentrations is second best. For S3307 (paclobutrazol), at a concentration of 100 mg / L, the plant height reaches the highest value of 73.89 cm, significantly higher than other concentrations. When the concentration is relatively high, the plant height decreases significantly. For the control group, the plant height is 64.33 cm, lower than the optimal treatment group of the above regulators. S3307 and trimesic acid have the most significant effect on promoting plant height.

[0078] The root length ranges from 21.56 cm to 27.22 cm. For DTA-6, at a concentration of 60 mg / L, the root length is 27.22 cm, which is the optimal concentration. The root length performance at other concentrations is second best. For trimesic acid, at a concentration of 150 mg / L, the root length is 26.33 cm, showing good performance. The performance at 50 mg / L and 200 mg / L concentrations is relatively poor. For S3307, the root length reaches a relatively high value of 22.11 cm at a concentration of 100 mg / L. The root length decreases to the lowest value of 21.56 cm at a concentration of 200 mg / L. For the control group, the root length is 22.78 cm, better than the high-concentration treatment of S3307 but lower than the optimal concentrations of other regulators. DTA-6 has the best effect on promoting root length.

[0079] The root weight ranges from 16.74 g to 37.56 g. For DTA-6, at a concentration of 60 mg / L, the root weight is 33.83 g, showing good performance. The root weight is the lowest at 80 mg / L concentration, only 16.74 g. For trimesic acid, at a concentration of 150 mg / L, the root weight is 31.56 g, which is the optimal concentration. The root weight performance at other concentrations is medium. For S3307, the root weight reaches the highest value of 37.56 g at a concentration of 100 mg / L. The high concentration significantly inhibits the root weight, only 18.41 g. For the control group, the root weight is 32.46 g, second only to the optimal treatment group of S3307. S3307 shows the best performance in promoting root weight.

[0080] Seed weight ranged from 178.53g to 255.43g. DTA-6 ester: The seed weight was 235.57g at 40mg / L, close to the control group, but it dropped to 178.53g at 60mg / L. Seed yield decreased at too high a concentration. Tris(o-)-benzoic acid: The seed weight was 249.7g at 150mg / L, close to the control group. The seed weights at 50mg / L and 200mg / L were relatively low. S3307 thiamethoxam: The seed weight was 199.66g at 100mg / L, higher than other concentrations, but lower than the control group and tris(o-)-benzoic acid. Control group: The seed weight was the highest, reaching 255.43g. For seed weight, the control group performed best, indicating that some regulators may have an inhibitory effect on seed formation.

[0081] DTA-6 ester of linalool: At a concentration of 60 mg / L, it significantly promotes plant height and root length, but has a certain inhibitory effect on seed weight, and is suitable for planting goals with rapid plant growth. Triphosphoric acid: At a concentration of 150 mg / L, it performs relatively balanced, with good performance in plant height, root length and seed weight, and is suitable for pursuing a balance between seed yield and plant growth. S3307 chlorfenapyr: At a concentration of 100 mg / L, it significantly promotes root weight and plant height, but has a general effect on seed weight, and is suitable for planting with root development as the goal. Control group: Seed weight performed best, but plant height and root length lagged behind the regulator treatment group, and is suitable for seed yield as the only goal.

[0082] In summary, different growth regulators and concentrations have significant effects on the growth and yield of Platycodon grandiflorum: 100 mg / L S3307 performed best in promoting plant growth and root development, and is suitable for medicinal planting. 150 mg / L triphosphoric acid has a strong balance and is suitable for comprehensive planting. For maximizing seed yield, it is recommended not to treat.

[0083] 2. Effect Verification 1. The method of the present invention increases the per-acre yield of Platycodon grandiflorum, which is expected to increase by more than 25%.

[0084] Comparative data: By comparing the yield per mu of Platycodon grandiflorum under the traditional planting method and the planting method of Example 1, the effect of yield improvement can be evaluated. For example, if the yield per mu under the traditional method is X kilograms, and the yield per mu under the optimized method reaches 1.25X kilograms or more, it proves that the yield has increased by more than 25%.

[0085] Field trials: Field trials were conducted at multiple locations, and the per-acre yield data under different treatments were recorded and statistically analyzed to ensure the reliability and universality of the results. Farmland in three different ecological regions was selected, and 3 plots in each region were selected as repeated test sites.

[0086] Sample selection: Randomly select 5 plots in each field, with each plot having an area of 0.1 mu, ensuring no obvious differences among the plots.

[0087] Traditional planting method: In 2 plots at each test site, use the local traditional planting method, including planting density, fertilization amount, and irrigation method. Specifically: For direct seeding, open a sowing furrow horizontally with a row spacing of 20 cm, with a seeding rate of approximately 0.5 kg per mu, apply 1000 kg of farmyard manure per mu, and water by drip irrigation. In the remaining 3 plots, use the planting method of Example 1.

[0088] Yield determination: After the platycodon grandiflorum is mature, harvest the platycodon grandiflorum in each plot separately and measure the yield per mu.

[0089] Data collation: Collate the yield data of each plot, calculate the average yield per mu and standard deviation at each site. Use statistical methods such as t-test or ANOVA to compare whether the difference in yield per mu between the traditional planting method and the optimized planting method is significant. Calculate the percentage increase in yield per mu of the optimized planting method compared to the traditional planting method. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0090] Table 6 Statistical data of platycodon grandiflorum yield per mu in three test sites As can be seen from Table 6, at all test sites, the yield per mu of platycodon grandiflorum under the optimized planting method is significantly higher than that under the traditional planting method, P < 0.05. The percentage increases in yield per mu of the optimized planting method compared to the traditional planting method are 25%, 26%, and 27% respectively, all reaching the expected target of over 25%.

[0091] 2. Improve the germination rate and purity of seeds to ensure high-quality seeds.

[0092] Germination rate test: Conduct a germination rate test on the seeds and record the germination rate data. If the germination rate increases significantly, such as from 80% to over 95%, it can prove the improvement of seed quality.

[0093] Purity detection: Record the impurity content in the seeds through a purity detection instrument or manual screening. If the impurity content decreases significantly and the purity increases, it can also prove the improvement of seed quality.

[0094] Optimized data collection: Conduct a germination rate test on the seeds treated with the seeds of the present invention: Test according to the same method as the baseline data collection and record the germination rate data. Conduct a purity detection on the optimized seeds: Use the same method for purity detection and record the impurity content.

[0095] Table 7 Comparison table of germination rate and purity of platycodon grandiflorum seeds As can be seen from Table 7, the germination rate of the seeds of the present invention after seed treatment increased from 63.33% to 80.58% at most, with an increase of 17.25%, which was significantly higher than that of the original seeds, and P<0.05. The purity of the seeds of the present invention after seed treatment increased from 90% to 98% at most, with an increase of 8%, which was also significantly higher than that of the original seeds, and P<0.05. The germination rate and purity of the seeds of the present invention were both significantly improved. The germination rate of the optimized seeds reached over 90%, and the purity was close to 100%, which proved the effectiveness of the measures and ensured the high quality of the seeds.

[0096] 3. Improve the disease resistance of Platycodon grandiflorum, especially the resistance to root rot.

[0097] Statistics of disease incidence: During the planting process, record the incidence of diseases such as root rot of Platycodon grandiflorum under different treatments. If the planting method of the present invention can significantly reduce the disease incidence, the improvement of disease resistance can be proved.

[0098] Evaluation of disease control effect: By comparing the growth conditions of Platycodon grandiflorum with and without disease resistance measures, evaluate the effect of disease resistance measures. If the disease resistance measures can significantly reduce the losses caused by diseases, the improvement of disease resistance can be further proved.

[0099] Platycodon grandiflorum seeds: Include disease-resistant varieties and common varieties. The disease-resistant variety is Zhonggeng No. 9 for preventing root rot, and the common variety is Chifeng Platycodon grandiflorum.

[0100] Test fields: Select fields with similar soil conditions and similar historical disease situations for the test.

[0101] Control group: Plant common varieties of Platycodon grandiflorum without disease resistance treatment.

[0102] Disease-resistant variety test group: Plant disease-resistant varieties of Platycodon grandiflorum without other disease resistance treatments.

[0103] Soil disinfection test group: Plant common varieties of Platycodon grandiflorum with soil disinfection measures.

[0104] Disease-resistant variety + soil disinfection test group, that is, the method of Example 1: Plant disease-resistant varieties of Platycodon grandiflorum and carry out soil disinfection measures at the same time.

[0105] At the harvest stage, evaluate the growth conditions of Platycodon grandiflorum in each treatment group, including indicators such as plant height, leaf area, and biomass. According to the losses caused by diseases, evaluate the effect of disease resistance measures.

[0106] Table 8 Statistical table of disease resistance data of Platycodon grandiflorum As can be seen from Table 8, compared with the control group, the incidence of root rot in the disease-resistant variety decreased by 20%, and the disease index decreased by 3.0. At the same time, the plant height, leaf area, and biomass also increased, indicating that the disease-resistant variety has significant resistance to root rot. Compared with the control group, soil disinfection reduced the incidence of root rot by 15%, but the effect was slightly inferior to that of the disease-resistant variety. Compared with the control group, the combination of the disease-resistant variety and soil disinfection reduced the incidence of root rot by 25% and the disease index by 4.0, and the growth was also the best, indicating that the comprehensive disease-resistant measures have the best control effect on Platycodon grandiflorum root rot.

[0107] It should be noted that when the claims of the present invention involve numerical ranges, it should be understood that any value between the two endpoints of each numerical range and the two endpoints can be selected. To avoid redundancy, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described.

[0108] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they know the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.

[0109] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A Platycodon grandiflorum planting method, comprising selecting a breeding ground, seed treatment or seedling screening, sowing or transplanting, fertilizing, stubble retention, field management, pest and disease control, and harvesting, characterized in that The seeding and fertilization are specifically as follows: Seeding: After treating the platycodon grandiflorum seeds or completing the selection of seedlings, sow them in the selected breeding land. The seeding row spacing is 15 cm to 30 cm, and the plant spacing is 5 cm to 15 cm. Fertilization: Apply fertilizer before seeding, and the fertilizer applied is a biological fertilizer. Among them, the main components of the biological fertilizer are: sugar chain plant vaccine factor ≥ 2 g / L, N + P2O + K2O ≥ 400 g / L, biochemical fulvic acid ≥ 100 g / L, biochemical humic acid ≥ 30 g / L, chelated B and Zn ≥ 20 g / L, and multi-source organic matter ≥ 190 g / L.

2. The platycodon grandiflorum planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the growth period of platycodon grandiflorum, top-dress with 15 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer. In the middle growth stage of platycodon grandiflorum, apply 25 kg / mu of compound fertilizer. In the late growth stage of platycodon grandiflorum, apply 100 g / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate as phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

3. The platycodon grandiflorum planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application rate of the biological fertilizer is 50 catties / mu.

4. The platycodon grandiflorum planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that The seed treatment is to soak the selected seeds in a 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 30 minutes for disinfection, and place the disinfected seeds at 20°C to 25°C for germination.

5. The method for planting Platycodon grandiflorum according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stubble height is 30 cm to 60 cm.

6. The platycodon grandiflorum planting method according to claim 1, wherein, The field management is to spray a growth regulator and provide light and temperature during the initial flowering stage, full flowering stage, and early pod development stage after flowering of platycodon grandiflorum. The growth regulator is any one of DTA-6 amine fresh ester, tiabendazole, and uniconazole.

7. The Platycodon grandiflorum planting method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Platycodon grandiflorum receives 6 to 8 hours of light per day, and the growth temperature is 15°C to 25°C.

8. The Platycodon grandiflorum planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that Use a disinfectant to disinfect the soil 15 days before sowing platycodon grandiflorum.

9. The platycodon grandiflorum planting method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The disinfectant is any one of formaldehyde, lime, and formalin.

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