Seedling raising substrate for dalbergia odorifera and preparation method and application of seedling raising substrate

Abstract

The invention provides a yellow flower tree seedling culture substrate. The yellow flower tree seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of loess, 30-60 parts of humus soil and 5-25 parts of sheep manure. The invention further provides a preparation method of the substrate and application of the substrate in yellow flower tree seedling culture. The components (loess, humus soil and sheep manure) of the substrate can be obtained locally, and the substrate can be effectively used for seedling raising by analyzing and reconstructing the substrate. The seedling raising efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seedling raising, and particularly relates to a seedling raising substrate for Piptanthus concolor, its preparation method and application. Background Art

[0002] Piptanthus concolor is a plant of the genus Piptanthus in the legume family. Its seeds can be used as medicine, with the effects of clearing the liver and improving eyesight, moistening the intestines and promoting defecation, promoting diuresis, etc., and can be used to treat symptoms such as wind-heat headache, acute conjunctivitis, hypertension, chronic constipation, etc. In addition, the flowers of Piptanthus concolor are brightly yellow, and the raceme is relatively beautiful, with certain ornamental value, and can be used for garden landscape layout to beautify the environment.

[0003] Piptanthus concolor mostly grows in forest margins and shrubs on slopes at an altitude of 1600 - 4000 meters. It adapts to a relatively cool and humid climate environment. It has no strict requirements for soil, but grows better in loose, fertile and well-drained soil. It is mainly distributed in places such as Tibet, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Kashmir and other regions.

[0004] Raising seedlings of Piptanthus concolor is of great significance. It can protect the species resources of this national second-class protected wild plant and prevent its extinction; promote ecological restoration and play its role in soil and water conservation; provide materials for scientific research to help understand its growth laws; serve as popular science education materials to enhance the public's environmental protection awareness; explore its potential economic values such as ornamental and medicinal, and provide new ways for economic development under the premise of protection.

[0005] The seedling raising substrate of Piptanthus concolor is mainly humus soil, peat soil, perlite and vermiculite. In actual seedling raising, various substrates are usually mixed to achieve an ideal seedling raising effect. For example, humus soil, peat soil and perlite can be mixed in a ratio of 3:2:1. Such a mixed substrate can not only meet the requirements of Piptanthus concolor seedlings for air permeability, water retention and nutrients, but also make the substrate have a good physical structure, which is beneficial to the growth and development of seedling roots.

[0006] However, traditional resources such as humus soil, peat soil and perlite used for seedling raising have relatively high costs. Especially for Tibet, not only the material cost is high but also the transportation cost is high, which restricts the seedling raising of Piptanthus concolor. Therefore, constructing a seedling raising substrate suitable for seedling raising in Tibet is an important aspect of Piptanthus concolor seedling raising. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a seedling raising substrate for Piptanthus concolor.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0009] A seedling raising substrate for Piptanthus concolor, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 - 60 parts of loess, 30 - 60 parts of humus soil, and 5 - 25 parts of sheep manure.

[0010] Preferably, the Piptanthus nepalensis wall. seedling-raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of loess, 40-50 parts of humus soil, and 10-20 parts of sheep manure.

[0011] More preferably, the Piptanthus nepalensis wall. seedling-raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of loess, 40 parts of humus soil, and 20 parts of sheep manure.

[0012] Further, the sheep manure is well-rotted sheep manure after fermentation treatment.

[0013] Further, the particle size range of the loess is 0.1-5 mm, and the moisture content ≤10%.

[0014] Further, the organic matter content of the humus soil ≥25%, and the pH value is 6.0-7.0.

[0015] The present invention also provides a preparation method of the Piptanthus nepalensis wall. seedling-raising substrate, which comprises the following steps:

[0016] (1) Weigh loess, humus soil and sheep manure according to the ratio;

[0017] (2) After mixing each component evenly, adjust the overall moisture content to 55-60%;

[0018] (3) Stack and ferment for 5-15 days to obtain the seedling-raising substrate.

[0019] The substrate of the present invention can be used to promote the germination of Piptanthus nepalensis wall. seeds or the growth of seedlings. Especially for substrate seedling-raising.

[0020] The present invention also provides a seedling-raising method using the Piptanthus nepalensis wall. seedling-raising substrate, which comprises the following steps:

[0021] (1) Seed pretreatment: Select mature Piptanthus nepalensis wall. seeds and carry out disinfection and seed coat breaking treatment;

[0022] (2) Sowing operation: Spread the treated seeds flat at the bottom of the seedling container at an interval of 2-3 cm, and cover the substrate with a thickness 3-5 times the diameter of the seeds;

[0023] (3) Germination management: Control the environmental temperature at 20-28 °C, the air humidity at 60-80%, the daily light at 8-12 hours, and keep the moisture content of the substrate at 30-50%;

[0024] (4) Seedling transplanting: When the seedlings grow 3-5 true leaves, transplant them to the field as a whole with the substrate.

[0025] Among them, the seed coat breaking treatment in step (1) includes: using mechanical polishing or soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid for 5-15 minutes to remove the wax on the surface of the seed coat; then soaking in warm water at 40-45 °C for 12-24 hours to promote water absorption and swelling.

[0026] Among them, in step (3), the light intensity is controlled in stages: the light intensity is maintained at ≤2000 lux for the first 3 days before germination; starting from the 4th day, it is gradually increased to 5000 - 8000 lux.

[0027] Among them, before step (4) transplantation, a hardening-off treatment is carried out: 7 days before transplantation, the air humidity is gradually reduced to 50 - 60%; the direct sunlight exposure time is increased by 2 hours every day until it is exposed throughout the day.

[0028] The loess in the substrate material of the present invention can be obtained from some river valleys, piedmont plains and some plateau surfaces in Tibet, which can achieve local material utilization. The loess can also be obtained from places rich in loess such as Gansu, with low cost. The loess (particle size 0.1 - 5 mm) provides a framework support to form a stable pore structure (porosity ≥40%), taking into account water retention and air permeability.

[0029] The humus soil in the present invention can be obtained from forest areas, grassland areas and some river valleys. For example, in Nyingchi area of Tibet, where there are rich forest resources, dense understory vegetation, and a large number of plant residues such as fallen leaves and dead branches are gradually decomposed under the action of microorganisms to form a deep humus soil layer. The humus soil (organic matter ≥25%) adsorbs free water to prevent seed soaking and rotting, and at the same time slowly releases nutrients and water. The water-soluble organic acids (such as humic acid) in the humus soil soften the seed coat and promote the breakthrough of the radicle.

[0030] The sheep manure in the present invention can be obtained from Tibet, where the sheep manure resources are relatively rich. In Tibet, due to the high altitude and low temperature, the sheep mainly eat natural forage, so the sheep manure has the characteristics of high nutrient content and long-lasting fertilizer effect. The sheep manure contains rich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements, which can provide rich nutrients for the soil, improve the soil structure and increase soil fertility. The matured sheep manure (carbon-nitrogen ratio ≤25:1) is used as a slow-release organic fertilizer source to reduce the risk of burning seedlings. The available nitrogen (≥1.2%) in the sheep manure and the long-acting phosphorus and potassium (P2O5 ≥0.8%, K2O ≥1.5%) in the humus soil are supplied synergistically to meet the high-nitrogen demand characteristics of Piptanthus concolor.

[0031] The substrate components (loess, humus soil, sheep manure) of the present invention can achieve local material utilization, and the cost is reduced by 60 - 70% compared with commercial substrates. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is the clay situation of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0033] Figure 2 is the silt situation of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0034] Figure 3 is the sand situation of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0035] Figure 4 is the pH condition of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0036] Figure 5 is the organic matter condition of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0037] Figure 6 is the total nitrogen condition of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0038] Figure 7 is the total phosphorus condition of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0039] Figure 8 is the total potassium condition of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0040] Figure 9 is the available nitrogen condition of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0041] Figure 10 is the available phosphorus condition of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0042] Figure 11 is the available potassium condition of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0043] Figure 12 is the bacterial quantity condition of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0044] Figure 13 is the actinomycete quantity condition of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0045] Figure 14 is the fungal quantity condition of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0046] Figure 15 is the fungal-bacterial ratio condition of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0047] Figure 16 is the growth monitoring condition of Piptanthus concolor in the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0048] Figure 17 is the relationship between the indexes of Piptanthus concolor and the reconstructed substrate in Example 9. Detailed implementation manners

[0049] The following examples further illustrate the content of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, any modification or replacement of the methods, steps or conditions of the present invention belongs to the scope of the present invention.

[0050] Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present invention, the sheep manure is fermented and decomposed sheep manure, and the preparation method thereof is the same as that in embodiment 1. The particle size of the loess is in the range of 0.1-5 mm, and the moisture content is ≤10%. The organic matter content of the humus soil is ≥25%, and the pH value is 6.0-7.0. In the embodiment of the present invention, the process of preparing the matrix will be different due to the different composition of the matrix, which is mainly based on the effective decomposition of the material.

[0052] Example 1: Yellow Flower Tree Seedling Cultivation Matrix and Preparation

[0053] Matrix composition (by weight): 45 parts of loess, 45 parts of humus, and 15 parts of sheep manure.

[0054] a. Weigh loess, humus and sheep manure according to the proportion;

[0055] b. After mixing all components evenly, adjust the overall moisture content to 55-60%;

[0056] c. The mixture was piled and fermented for 15 days to obtain the seedling culture medium.

[0057] The sheep manure is decomposed sheep manure, and its preparation method is as follows:

[0058] Mix fresh sheep manure and straw debris in a mass ratio of 3:1, spray EM bacteria agent (Microbial Fertilizer (2018) Standard No. (3960)), inoculation amount 3%, and pile thickness ≤ 1.5m;

[0059] Ferment at 55-65℃ for 15-20 days, turning the pile every 5 days. After fermentation, the moisture content of sheep manure is ≤20% and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is ≤15:1.

[0060] The specific fermentation method of the substrate is as follows:

[0061] Raw material preparation

[0062] Each component (loess, humus soil, sheep manure) is pre-screened to remove large pieces and passed through a 5-10mm grate sieve.

[0063] Initial Mixing

[0064] Mix all ingredients uniformly according to the formula selected in the table above.

[0065] The target overall moisture content is adjusted to 55-60% (preferably with a little water dripping from the ball when squeezed into a fist).

[0066] Pile construction

[0067] Pile size: width 1.0-1.2m, height 0.8-1.0m, length depends on the site.

[0068] If the batch is large, it can be divided into several parallel strip piles.

[0069] Fermentation management

[0070] Warming-up period (aerobic high temperature)

[0071] 0 - 4d: The temperature rapidly rises to 55 - 65°C.

[0072] Turn the pile once every 2 - 3d: Thoroughly loosen the inside and adjust the water content.

[0073] High-temperature holding period

[0074] 5 - 10d: The temperature stabilizes at 50 - 60°C for 5 - 7d.

[0075] Turn the pile slightly every 3 - 4d to ensure uniformity.

[0076] Cooling and ripening period

[0077] 11 - 15d: The temperature gradually drops below 40°C and the odor fades.

[0078] Maturity determination

[0079] The whole pile is loose and odorless; the color changes from dark brown to dark brown or black brown;

[0080] pH ≈ 6.5 - 7.5, and the remaining water content is about 30 - 40%;

[0081] Sieve again to 2 - 3mm before final use to remove undecomposed large lumps.

[0082] Use and storage

[0083] The newly prepared substrate should be left standing for 3 - 5d before being used for sowing or cutting;

[0084] Keep it ventilated during storage, and avoid waterlogging and direct sunlight.

[0085] The pH of the finally detected substrate is 7.0.

[0086] Example 2: Seedling-raising substrate for Piptanthus concolor and its preparation

[0087] Substrate composition (parts by weight): 40 parts of loess, 40 parts of humus soil, 20 parts of sheep manure. The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0088] Example 3: Seedling-raising substrate for Piptanthus concolor and its preparation

[0089] Substrate composition (parts by weight): 50 parts of loess, 40 parts of humus soil, 10 parts of sheep manure. The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0090] Example 4: Seedling-raising substrate for Piptanthus concolor and its preparation

[0091] Substrate composition (parts by weight): 30 parts of loess, 50 parts of humus soil, 10 parts of sheep manure. The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0092] Example 5: Yellow Flower Tree Seedling Cultivation Matrix and Preparation

[0093] Matrix composition (weight parts): 40 parts of loess, 40 parts of humus soil, 10 parts of sheep manure. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0094] Example 6: Yellow Flower Seedling Cultivation Matrix and Preparation

[0095] Matrix composition (by weight): 60 parts of loess, 30 parts of humus, and 10 parts of sheep manure.

[0096] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0097] Example 7: Yellow Flower Tree Seedling Cultivation Matrix and Preparation

[0098] Matrix composition (by weight): 35 parts of loess, 60 parts of humus, and 5 parts of sheep manure.

[0099] The preparation method is the same as Example 1.

[0100] Example 8 Effects of different substrates on the cultivation of yellow lily seedlings and substrate analysis

[0101] The seedling raising method used in this example is as follows:

[0102] (1) Seed pretreatment: Select mature yellow flower wood seeds, disinfect them and break their skin. The skin breaking process uses mechanical grinding to remove the wax on the surface of the seed coat, and then soak them in warm water at 40-45℃ for 12-24 hours to promote water absorption and expansion.

[0103] (2) Sowing operation: Spread the treated seeds at a spacing of 2-3 cm at the bottom of the seedling container, and cover the seeds with a substrate thickness of 3-5 times the diameter of the seeds.

[0104] (3) Germination management: Control the ambient temperature at 20-28°C, the air humidity at 60-80%, the light intensity at 8-12 hours per day, the substrate moisture content at 30-50%, and the light intensity at ≤2000 lux for the first three days of germination; gradually increase it to 5000-8000 lux from the fourth day onwards.

[0105] (4) Transplanting of seedlings: When the seedlings grow 3-5 true leaves, they are transplanted to the field with the substrate. Seven days before transplanting, the air humidity is gradually reduced to 50-60%; the direct sunlight time is increased by 2 hours per day until it is exposed all day.

[0106] · According to the above seedling raising method, different groups of substrates were set for seedling raising, with 5 replicates in each group. The substrate ratios are shown in Table 1.

[0107] In the table, the preparation method of loess and humus soil as the matrix is:

[0108] Raw material preparation

[0109] Take equal amounts of loess and humus soil, break them and sieve them through a 5–10 mm sieve.

[0110] Check the moisture content: If it is too dry (<40%), spray water evenly until it reaches 55–60%; if it is too wet (>65%), spread it out to dry until it reaches 50–60%.

[0111] Initial mixing

[0112] Thoroughly mix the loess and humus soil evenly to ensure there are no obvious strips or lumps.

[0113] Heap construction

[0114] Heap the mixture into a long heap with a width of 1.0 m and a height of 0.8 m, or divide it into several small heaps for easy turning.

[0115] Aerobic fermentation management

[0116] Temperature rising period (0–4 d): The core temperature of the heap quickly rises to 55–65 °C.

[0117] Turn the heap: Once on the 3rd day and once on the 6th day, loosen the core of the heap significantly and adjust the moisture content.

[0118] High temperature holding period (5–10 d)

[0119] Maintain the temperature at 50–60 °C and turn it slightly every 3 days.

[0120] Temperature dropping and ripening period (11–15 d)

[0121] When the temperature drops below 40 °C and the smell fades, it indicates that the compost is approaching maturity.

[0122] Maturity determination

[0123] The color changes from light brown to dark brown or blackish brown; there is no sour smell; the texture is loose; pH ≈ 6.5–7.5. The preparation method of the substrate of loess and sheep manure is as follows:

[0124] Raw material preparation

[0125] Take loess and sheep manure, break and sieve them.

[0126] Adjust the moisture content to 55–60%.

[0127] Initial mixing

[0128] Thoroughly mix the loess and sheep manure.

[0129] Heap construction

[0130] The heap is the same as above: width 1.0 m × height 0.8 m.

[0131] Aerobic fermentation management - Heating-up period (0–3d): Raise the temperature above 60°C, which helps inhibit pathogens. Turning the pile: Do it once on the 2nd day and once on the 5th day, with a focus on breaking up sheep manure lumps.

[0132] High-temperature holding period (4–9d)

[0133] Keep the temperature at 55–65°C, turn the pile slightly every 3d and check the moisture content.

[0134] Cooling and ripening period (10–14d)

[0135] Lower the temperature below 40°C and there is no fishy smell of sheep manure, then the composting is completed.

[0136] Maturity determination

[0137] The smell of sheep manure turns into a fresh soil smell, and the texture is fine and broken; pH≈6.8; EC<2mS / cm. The preparation method of the substrate of humus soil and sheep manure is as follows:

[0138] Raw material preparation

[0139] Take equal amounts of humus soil and sheep manure, and sieve them through a 5–10mm sieve.

[0140] Adjust the moisture content to 55–60%.

[0141] Initial mixing

[0142] Evenly mix the humus soil and sheep manure to ensure the materials are dispersed.

[0143] Pile construction

[0144] Pile up into a strip pile (width 1.0m, height 0.8m).

[0145] Aerobic fermentation management

[0146] Raise the temperature to 55–60°C within 0–4d; turn the pile once on the 3rd day.

[0147] High-temperature holding period (5–9d)

[0148] Maintain the temperature at 50–60°C, and turn the pile every 3d to correct the moisture content.

[0149] Cooling and ripening period (10–14d)

[0150] Lower the temperature to <40°C, and the smell changes from strong fishy to "soil fragrance".

[0151] Maturity determination

[0152] The color is dark brown, the texture is fine and broken; there is no peculiar smell; the moisture content is 30–40%; pH≈7.5–8.0. The preparation method of the substrate of loess, humus soil and sheep manure is the same as that in Example 1.

[0153] Comparison of Seedling-raising Results of Piptanthus concolor with Different Substrate Ratios

[0154]

[0155] The results show that the best effect is achieved when the ratio of humus soil is 40 parts, loess is 40 parts, and sheep manure is 20 parts, that is, at a ratio of 2:2:1. It can be seen from the experimental results that although using only humus soil has a relatively high seedling emergence rate, its performance in terms of average seedling height and average ground diameter is poor (Group 17). After appropriately adding sheep manure, although the average seedling height has been greatly improved, the seedling emergence rate has decreased sharply (Group 16). When adding loess to the humus soil, both the seedling emergence rate and the average seedling height have decreased significantly (Group 7). Therefore, when adding loess or sheep manure alone to the humus soil, the effect is not as good as that of the humus soil itself. In many groups of formulations, the situation is worse than using only humus soil. However, after different adjustments to the substrate ratios of humus soil, loess, and sheep manure, an unexpected reversal has occurred. When the ratio of humus soil, loess, and sheep manure reaches 2:2:1, both the seedling emergence rate, seedling height, and average ground diameter have been greatly improved (Group 10), indicating that under specific ratios, the substrate composed of humus soil, loess, and sheep manure has a good effect on the seedling-raising of Piptanthus concolor.

[0156] Example 9 Analysis of Physical and Chemical Properties and Related Components of Different Substrates

[0157] I. Substrate Preparation

[0158] 1. Substrate components: sheep manure (M), loess (L), humus soil (H)

[0159] 2. Substrate ratios:

[0160] (1) Humus soil (H)

[0161] (2) Loess (L)

[0162] (3) Sheep manure (M)

[0163] (4) Humus:Sheep = 4:1, HM41;

[0164] (5) Loess:Sheep = 4:1, LM41;

[0165] (6) Humus:Loess:Sheep = 1:4:1, HLM141;

[0166] (7) Humus:Loess:Sheep = 2:2:1, HLM221;

[0167] (8) Humus:Loess:Sheep = 4:1:1, HLM411.

[0168] The preparation of the matrix (6 - 8) composed of three components was the same as that in Example 1, and the preparation of the matrix (4 and 5) composed of two components was the same as that in Example 8.

[0169] II. Data Results

[0170] 2.1 Mechanical Composition of the Reconstructed Matrix

[0171] According to the International Soil Texture Classification (ISSS): Sand particles have a particle size of 2.0 - 0.05 mm; Silt particles have a particle size of 0.05 - 0.002 mm; Clay particles have a particle size of <0.002 mm. Analysis was carried out by laser particle size analysis method.

[0172] (1) Clay

[0173] The results are as Figure 1 shown. In the figure, the single - component clay - structured humus soil has the highest content, and sheep manure has the lowest; but the clay content in Group 4 (HM41) is higher than that of the single - component; the clay content in Group 7 (HLM221) is slightly higher than that in Group 6 (HLM141) and Group 8 (HLM411).

[0174] (2) Silt

[0175] The results are as Figure 2 shown. In the figure, the single - component clay - structured humus soil has the highest content, and sheep manure has the lowest; but the silt content in Group 4 (HM41) is higher than that of the single - component; the silt content in Group 8 (HLM411) is slightly higher than that in Group 6 (HLM141) and Group 7 (HLM221), but the difference is not significant. Generally, the silt content of the three comprehensive ratios is relatively large.

[0176] (3) Sand

[0177] The results are as Figure 3 shown. In the figure, the single - component clay - structured loess has the highest content, and humus soil has the lowest; but the sand content in Group 5 (LM41) is higher than that of the single - component; the sand content in Group 6 (HLM141) is slightly higher than that in Group 7 (HLM221) and Group 8 (HLM411).

[0178] A high proportion of loess increases the sand composition, and a high proportion of humus soil increases the silt composition. Related research shows that a ratio of sand : silt = 1:1 is more conducive to plant growth.

[0179] 2.2 Acidity - Alkalinity and Nutrients of the Reconstructed Matrix

[0180] Method for measuring the pH value of the matrix:

[0181] Instruments and reagents: pH meter (needs to be calibrated) or pH test paper (accuracy 0.1 - 0.5); deionized water (or distilled water); standard buffer solutions (pH 4.01, 6.86, 9.18); beakers, glass rods, balances.

[0182] Operation steps:

[0183] a. Sample preparation: Take the air-dried substrate sample, grind it and sieve through a 2-mm sieve; add deionized water according to the ratio of substrate to water (usually 1:2.5 or 1:5), stir and let stand for 30 minutes.

[0184] b. Determination: After calibrating the pH meter, immerse the electrode into the suspension. After the value stabilizes, record the pH value. Each sample needs to be measured 3 times and the average value is taken.

[0185] Method for determining the nutrient content of the substrate:

[0186] Determination of total nutrients:

[0187] Nitrogen (N): Kjeldahl method (distillation titration after digestion) or elemental analyzer.

[0188] Phosphorus (P), potassium (K): Acid digestion method (digestion with HNO3-HClO4), determined by ICP-OES or spectrophotometer.

[0189] Organic matter: Potassium dichromate oxidation method (titration after heating and digestion).

[0190] Determination of available nutrients:

[0191] Available nitrogen (NH4 + , NO3 - ): Potassium chloride extraction-indophenol blue colorimetric method.

[0192] Available phosphorus: Sodium bicarbonate extraction (Olsen method, applicable to medium-alkaline substrates) or Bray method (acidic substrates), molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method.

[0193] Available potassium: Ammonium acetate extraction-flame photometry or atomic absorption spectrometry.

[0194] Determination of electrical conductivity (EC) (soluble salts):

[0195] Instrument: Conductivity meter.

[0196] Procedure: Extract according to 1:5 (substrate: water), measure the EC value of the extract to reflect the total salt content.

[0197] (1) pH

[0198] The results are as Figure 4 shown. Among the single components in the figure, the pH of sheep manure is the highest and that of humus soil is the lowest; the pH of the 5th group LM41 is higher than that of the 4th group HM41; among the mixed ratios, the pH of the 6th group HLM141 is the highest and that of the 8th group HLM411 is the lowest. Piptanthus concolor is most suitable when the pH value is between 5.5 and 7, and all the mixed substrates are within this range, indicating that the mixed substrate ratio is relatively suitable.

[0199] (2) Organic matter

[0200] The results are as Figure 5As shown in the figure, the single-component organic matter humus soil is the highest and the loess is the lowest; Group 4 HM41 is higher than Group 5 LM41; Group 8 HLM411 is the highest and Group 6 HLM141 is the lowest.

[0201] (3) Total nitrogen

[0202] The results are as Figure 6 shown. In the figure, the single-component total nitrogen humus soil is the highest and the loess is the lowest; however, Group 4 HM41 is higher than the single-component; Group 8 HLM411 is the highest and Group 6 HLM141 is the lowest.

[0203] (4) Total phosphorus

[0204] The results are as Figure 7 shown. In the figure, the single-component total phosphorus sheep manure is the highest and the loess is the lowest; Group 4 HM41 is higher than Group 5 LM41; Group 8 HLM411 is the highest and Group 6 HLM141 is the lowest.

[0205] (5) Total potassium

[0206] The results are as Figure 8 shown. In the figure, the single-component total potassium loess is the highest and the humus soil is the lowest; Group 5 LM41 is higher than Group 4 HM41; Group 7 HLM221 is the highest and Group 8 HLM411 is the lowest.

[0207] (6) Available nitrogen

[0208] The results are as Figure 9 shown. In the figure, the single-component available nitrogen sheep manure is the highest and the loess is the lowest; however, Group 4 HM41 is higher than the single-component; Group 8 HLM411 is the highest and Group 7 HLM221 is the lowest.

[0209] (7) Available phosphorus

[0210] The results are as Figure 10 shown. In the figure, the single-component available phosphorus humus soil is the highest and the loess is the lowest; however, Group 4 HM41 is higher than Group 5 LM41; Group 8 HLM411 is the highest and Group 6 HLM141 is the lowest.

[0211] (8) Available potassium

[0212] Figure 11 In the single-component, the available potassium sheep manure is the highest and the humus soil is the lowest; however, Group 4 HM41 is higher than Group 5 LM41; Group 8 HLM411 is the highest and Group 6 HLM141 is the lowest.

[0213] 2.3 Reconstructed substrate microbial quantity

[0214] The measurement method of microorganisms follows molecular biology techniques, qPCR and high-throughput sequencing.

[0215] (1) Bacterial quantity

[0216] The results are as Figure 12 shown in the figure. Among the single-component bacteria, the number is the highest in loess and the lowest in humus soil; the number in the 4th group HM41 is higher than that in the 5th group LM41; the number in the 6th group HLM141 is the highest, and the number in the 7th group HLM221 is the lowest.

[0217] (2) Actinomycetes quantity

[0218] The results are as Figure 13 shown in the figure. Among the single-component actinomycetes, the number is the highest in sheep manure and the lowest in loess; the number in the 4th group HM41 is higher than that in the 5th group LM41; the number in the 8th group HLM411 is the highest, and the number in the 7th group HLM221 is the lowest.

[0219] (3) Fungi quantity

[0220] The results are as Figure 14 shown in the figure. Among the single-component fungi, the number is the highest in loess and the lowest in sheep manure; however, the number in the 7th group HLM221 is higher than that of the single component; the number of fungi in the 4th group HM41 is similar to that in the 5th group LM41.

[0221] (4) Fungi to bacteria ratio

[0222] The results are as Figure 15 shown in the figure. Among the single-component fungi to bacteria ratios, the ratio is the highest in loess and the lowest in sheep manure; the ratio in the 5th group LM41 is higher than that in the 4th group HM41; the ratio in the 7th group HLM221 is the highest, and the ratio in the 6th group HLM141 is the lowest.

[0223] 2.4 Plant growth monitoring

[0224] Figure 16 What is shown is the situation of Piptanthus concolor in plant height, leaf number, chlorophyll, and basal diameter under different substrates. Among them, the substrate with the ratio of loess:humus soil:sheep manure being 2:2:1 is superior to other substrates in terms of plant height, leaf number, and basal diameter.

[0225] 2.6 The analysis method of the relationship between plant growth and the reconstructed substrate is carried out according to the mentel test and Pearson correlation analysis.

[0226] The analysis results are as Figure 17 shown:

[0227] 1. The mutual relationship of the physical and chemical properties of the reconstructed substrate soil

[0228] The correlation matrix shows that there is a significant correlation between soil physical and chemical indicators. pH has a strong negative correlation with organic matter, and total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium show a co-distribution characteristic. The results of the Mantel test show that the p-values of most soil indicator pairs are <0.01, revealing that the soil properties in the reconstructed substrate have significant spatial autocorrelation, which reflects the systematic influence of soil-forming processes and environmental factors on the distribution of soil properties.

[0229] 2. Coordinated response patterns of plant growth indicators

[0230] In the parallel coordinate plot, the plant growth-related indicators (seedling quantity, ground diameter, number of leaves, chlorophyll) show an obvious coordinated change trend, indicating that these indicators can comprehensively reflect the overall adaptability of plants in the reconstructed substrate. The chlorophyll content shows the largest variation range, indicating that the photosynthetic ability of plants is the most sensitive to soil environmental changes and can be used as a key biological indicator for evaluating the quality of the reconstructed substrate.

[0231] 3. Physical constraint relationships of soil texture components

[0232] The contents of sand, silt, and clay show a complementary distribution pattern, reflecting the basic physical constraints of soil texture. The ratio of different texture components directly affects the water-holding capacity, permeability, and nutrient retention capacity of the reconstructed substrate, and further regulates the water and fertilizer conditions of the plant growth environment. This physical constraint relationship provides a theoretical basis for the optimal configuration of the reconstructed substrate.

[0233] 4. Regulation of ecosystem functions by spatial heterogeneity

[0234] Sample groups with different Mantel significance levels show different change trajectories in multiple indicators, reflecting the regulatory effect of the spatial heterogeneity of the reconstructed substrate on the functions of the soil-plant system. This spatial differentiation pattern reveals how the differences in local environmental conditions in the reconstructed substrate affect the stability and functional expression of the overall ecosystem.

Claims

1. A yellowwood tree seedling-raising substrate, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of loess, 30-60 parts of humus soil, and 5-25 parts of sheep manure.

2. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein It comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of loess, 40-50 parts of humus soil, and 10-20 parts of sheep manure.

3. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein, It comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of loess, 40 parts of humus soil, and 20 parts of sheep manure.

4. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein The sheep manure is well-rotted sheep manure after fermentation treatment.

5. The substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size range of the loess is 0.1-5 mm, and the moisture content ≤ 10%.

6. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein The organic matter content of the humus soil ≥ 25%, and the pH value is 6.0-7.

0.

7. The preparation method of the yellowwood tree seedling-raising substrate according to any one of claims 1-6, which comprises the following steps: a. Weigh loess, humus soil and sheep manure in proportion; b. After mixing the components evenly, adjust the overall moisture content to 55-60%; c. Stack and ferment for 5-15 days to obtain the seedling-raising substrate.

8. The application of the yellowwood tree seedling-raising substrate according to any one of claims 1-6 in promoting the germination of yellowwood tree seeds or the growth of seedlings.

9. A method for cultivating Piptanthus concolor seedlings, characterized in that, It uses the yellowwood tree seedling-raising substrate according to any one of claims 1-6 for seedling raising.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein It comprises the following steps: (1) Seed pretreatment: Select mature yellowwood tree seeds and carry out disinfection and skin-breaking treatment; (2) Sowing operation: Spread the treated seeds flat at the bottom of the seedling-raising container at an interval of 2-3 cm, and cover the substrate with a thickness 3-5 times the diameter of the seeds; (3) Germination management: Control the environmental temperature at 20-28 °C, the air humidity at 60-80%, the daily light at 8-12 hours, and keep the moisture content of the substrate at 30-50%; (4) Seedling transplantation: When the seedlings grow 3-5 true leaves, transplant them to the field as a whole with the substrate.

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