Seedling culture substrate for sophora moorcroftiana and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a seedling culture substrate for sophora moorcroftiana. The seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0-60 parts of loess, 30-60 parts of humus soil and 5-25 parts of sheep manure, the pH value of the substrate is 6.0 to 7.5. The invention further provides a preparation method of the matrix and application of the matrix in sophora moorcroftiana seedling culture. The loess provides a skeleton structure, the humus increases organic matters and porosity, and the sheep manure improves the fertilizer retention capacity, so that the substrate achieves an ideal state of clustering by hand holding and scattering by light touch through the cooperation of the loess, the humus and the sheep manure, the air permeability and the water retention capacity are improved, the pH value of the substrate is 6.0-7.5, the substrate meets the growth requirement of sophora moorcroftiana, and the root system dysplasia caused by acid or alkaline stress is avoided. The components of the matrix can be obtained from local materials, and the matrix can be effectively used for sophora moorcroftiana seedling raising by analyzing and reconstructing the matrix.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seedling raising, and particularly relates to a Sophora moorcroftiana seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Sophora moorcroftiana is a small shrub of the genus Sophora in the legume family. The plant height is about 1 meter. The small branches are densely covered with grayish-white villi. The ends of sterile branches often become thorns. It has pinnate compound leaves, with obovate leaflets. The raceme is terminal, the corolla is blue-violet, the pod is slightly flattened, and the seeds are light yellow-brown. It is a warm-loving drought-mesophytic shrub, often growing under forests by valley rivers or in gravel bushes at an altitude of 3000-4500 meters. It is drought-tolerant, cold-tolerant, barren-tolerant, and wind-sand-resistant. Its main root has strong penetration ability and well-developed horizontal roots. It is mainly distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin in Tibet, China, and also in India, Bhutan, and Nepal. The main reproduction methods are seed reproduction and asexual reproduction mainly based on root suckers. Its ecological value is significant, it can prevent wind and fix sand, and maintain soil and water; the stem can be used as fuel; the tender shoots, leaves, and mature pods can be used as feed; the seeds or fruits can also be used as medicine, with the effects of anti-inflammatory and detoxifying, clearing heat and drying dampness, etc.

[0003] The current seedling raising of Sophora moorcroftiana mainly includes sowing seedling raising and asexual reproduction seedling raising. When sowing seedling raising, due to the high hard seed rate of the seeds, pretreatment such as soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid and artificial breaking of the seed coat is required. After disinfection and soaking, it is mixed with wet sand for germination. After showing white, it is sown in drills. During the seedling stage, attention is paid to keeping the soil moist, fertilizing, and ecological prevention and control of pests and diseases; in asexual reproduction seedling raising, the cutting propagation with two-year-old branches has better effects, but it has high requirements for the materials and environment. Although tissue culture can achieve mass production, shorten the cycle, and maintain excellent characteristics, it faces problems such as browning of explants and is still in the exploration stage. At the same time, the release and implementation of the industry standard of "Technical Regulations for Sophora moorcroftiana Sowing Seedling Raising" have also provided assistance for the improvement of the seedling cultivation level of Sophora moorcroftiana in Tibet.

[0004] The seedling raising substrate is of great significance for the seedling raising of Sophora moorcroftiana. It can not only simulate the native environment of Sophora moorcroftiana through good air permeability and water retention, provide suitable conditions for seed germination and seedling growth, but also add organic fertilizers and trace elements to ensure comprehensive and balanced nutrient supply, promote the development of seedling roots. Moreover, high-quality disinfected seedling raising substrates can reduce the breeding of pathogens and pests, reduce the risk of occurrence of pests and diseases, and lay a foundation for the healthy growth of Sophora moorcroftiana seedlings and the improvement of survival rate.

[0005] At present, there are many deficiencies in the application of Sophora moorcroftiana seedling raising substrates in Tibet: Among single substrates, sandy soil has poor water and fertilizer retention, garden soil is prone to hardening and has poor air permeability, humus soil is difficult to obtain, has a high price, and large-scale collection is likely to damage the ecology; although mixed substrates can make up for each other's advantages and disadvantages, the proportion requirements are strict, the actual operation has high requirements for technology and experience, and its stability is easily affected under the complex climate in Tibet; in addition, the transportation cost of purchasing substrates from other places is high, which affects the substrate supply and the progress of seedling raising work. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a seedling-raising substrate for Sophora moorcroftiana in view of the above deficiencies.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A seedling-raising substrate for Sophora moorcroftiana, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0-60 parts of loess, 30-60 parts of humus soil, and 5-25 parts of sheep manure; the pH of the substrate is 6.0-7.5.

[0009] Preferably, the seedling-raising substrate for Sophora moorcroftiana comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of loess, 40-50 parts of humus soil, and 10-20 parts of sheep manure.

[0010] More preferably, the seedling-raising substrate for Sophora moorcroftiana comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of loess, 40 parts of humus soil, and 20 parts of sheep manure.

[0011] Further, the sheep manure is fermented and decomposed sheep manure.

[0012] Further, the particle size range of the loess is 0.1-5 mm, and the moisture content ≤ 10%.

[0013] Further, the organic matter content of the humus soil ≥ 25%, and the pH value is 6.0-7.0.

[0014] The present invention also provides a preparation method of the Sophora moorcroftiana seedling-raising substrate, which comprises the following steps:

[0015] a. Weigh loess, humus soil and sheep manure according to the ratio;

[0016] b. After mixing each component evenly, adjust the overall moisture content to 55-60%;

[0017] c. Stack and ferment for 5-15 days to obtain the seedling-raising substrate.

[0018] The substrate of the present invention can be used to promote the germination of Sophora moorcroftiana seeds or the growth of seedlings. Especially for substrate seedling raising.

[0019] The present invention also provides a seedling-raising method using the Sophora moorcroftiana seedling-raising substrate, which comprises the following steps:

[0020] (1) Seed pretreatment: Screen Sophora moorcroftiana seeds, and carry out disinfection, soaking and germination promotion treatments in sequence until more than 50% of the seeds show white;

[0021] (2) Sowing: Put the seedling-raising substrate into a container with drainage holes at the bottom, cover a substrate layer with a thickness of 1.0-1.5 cm after sowing, and control the substrate humidity at 60-70%;

[0022] (3) Seedling stage management: Keep the daytime temperature at 20 - 25°C and the nighttime temperature ≥ 15°C. Gradually increase the light intensity after emergence. Thin out the seedlings when the seedlings have 2 - 3 true leaves.

[0023] (4) Hardening off and transplanting: Gradually reduce shading and watering 7 - 10 days before transplanting. When the seedling height reaches 15 - 20 cm and the roots penetrate the container, carry out planting.

[0024] Among them, in step (1): The disinfection is soaking in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes; the seed soaking is soaking in 50°C warm water for 24 hours, changing water 1 - 2 times during this period; the germination accelerating condition is wrapping with wet gauze at 25 - 30°C until white tips appear.

[0025] Among them, in step (2): The container is a 6×8 cell tray or a nutrient bowl with a diameter of 8 - 10 cm; the seeding rate is 2 - 3 seeds per hole, and the seeding depth is 1.0 - 1.5 cm.

[0026] Among them, in step (3): The shading rate during the seedling stage is 50%, and it gradually transitions to full sunlight as it grows; after thinning out the seedlings, keep 1 strong seedling per hole, and water thoroughly with root - fixing water after filling the seedlings.

[0027] Among them, in step (4): When transplanting, it is necessary to plant with the substrate. After planting, cover with straw or plastic film to conserve moisture; water thoroughly with root - fixing water after transplanting, and add 0.1% urea solution or 10 - fold diluted leachate of decomposed sheep manure to the root - fixing water.

[0028] The loess as the substrate material in the present invention can be from some river valleys, piedmont plains and some plateau surfaces in Tibet, which can achieve local material utilization. The loess can also be from places rich in loess such as Gansu, with low cost. The loess (particle size 0.1 - 5 mm) provides a skeleton support, forming a stable pore structure (porosity ≥ 40%), taking into account water retention and air permeability.

[0029] The humus soil in the present invention can be from forest areas, grassland areas and some river valleys. For example, in Nyingchi area of Tibet, with rich forest resources and dense understory vegetation, a large number of plant residues such as fallen leaves and dead branches gradually decompose under the action of microorganisms, forming a deep humus soil layer. The humus soil (organic matter ≥ 25%) adsorbs free water, avoids seed soaking and rotting, and at the same time slowly releases nutrients and water. The water - soluble organic acids (such as humic acid) in the humus soil soften the seed coat and promote the breakthrough of the radicle.

[0030] The sheep manure in the present invention can be sourced from Tibet, where sheep manure resources are relatively abundant. Due to the high altitude and low temperature in Tibet, the sheep mainly feed on natural forage, resulting in sheep manure with characteristics such as high nutrient content and long-lasting fertilizer effect. The sheep manure contains abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and various trace elements, which can provide rich nutrients for the soil, improve soil structure, and increase soil fertility. The decomposed sheep manure (carbon-nitrogen ratio ≤ 25:1) serves as a slow-release organic fertilizer source, reducing the risk of seedling burning. The readily available nitrogen (≥ 1.2%) in the sheep manure and the long-acting phosphorus and potassium (P2O5 ≥ 0.8%, K2O ≥ 1.5%) in the humus soil are supplied synergistically to meet the high-nitrogen requirement characteristics of Sophora moorcroftiana.

[0031] The matrix components (loess, humus soil, sheep manure) of the present invention can be locally sourced, with the cost reduced by 60 - 70% compared to commercialized matrices.

[0032] In the present invention, the loess (30%) provides a skeletal structure, the humus soil (45%) increases organic matter and porosity, and the sheep manure (15%) enhances the fertilizer retention capacity. The three work together to make the matrix reach the ideal state of "forming a ball when held in the hand and dispersing when gently touched", with the air permeability increased by 40% compared to pure garden soil and the water retention capacity enhanced by 30%. The pH value of the matrix is 6.0 - 7.5, which is suitable for the growth requirements of Sophora moorcroftiana, avoiding poor root development caused by acidic or alkaline stress.

[0033] In the seedling-raising method of the present invention, soaking the seeds in warm water at 50°C softens the seed coat, combined with constant-temperature germination at 28°C, the seed white emergence rate is increased to 55% (only 30% for traditional normal-temperature seed soaking). Description of the Drawings

[0034] Figure 1 shows the clay content of the reconstructed matrix in Example 9;

[0035] Figure 2 shows the silt content of the reconstructed matrix in Example 9;

[0036] Figure 3 shows the sand content of the reconstructed matrix in Example 9;

[0037] Figure 4 shows the pH of the reconstructed matrix in Example 9;

[0038] Figure 5 shows the organic matter of the reconstructed matrix in Example 9;

[0039] Figure 6 shows the total nitrogen of the reconstructed matrix in Example 9;

[0040] Figure 7 shows the total phosphorus of the reconstructed matrix in Example 9;

[0041] Figure 8 shows the total potassium of the reconstructed matrix in Example 9;

[0042] Figure 9 It is the available nitrogen situation of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0043] Figure 10 It is the available phosphorus situation of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0044] Figure 11 It is the available potassium situation of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0045] Figure 12 It is the bacterial quantity situation of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0046] Figure 13 It is the fungal quantity situation of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0047] Figure 14 It is the actinomycete quantity situation of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0048] Figure 15 It is the fungal-bacterial ratio situation of the reconstructed substrate in Example 9;

[0049] Figure 16 It is the growth monitoring situation of Sophora moorcroftiana in the reconstructed substrate in Example 9

[0050] Figure 17 It is the relationship between the indexes of Sophora moorcroftiana and the reconstructed substrate in Example 9. Detailed implementation manners

[0051] The following examples further illustrate the content of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, any modification or replacement of the methods, steps or conditions of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0052] Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0053] In the embodiments of the present invention, the sheep manure is fermented and decomposed sheep manure, and its preparation method is the same as that in Example 1. The particle size range of the loess is 0.1 - 5 mm, and the moisture content ≤ 10%. The organic matter content of the humus soil ≥ 25%, and the pH value is 6.0 - 7.0. In the embodiments of the present invention, due to the different compositions of the substrate, the process of preparing the substrate will be different, and it is mainly based on the effective decomposition of the materials.

[0054] Example 1 Sophora moorcroftiana seedling-raising substrate and preparation

[0055] Substrate composition (by weight): 40 parts of loess, 40 parts of humus soil, 20 parts of sheep manure.

[0056] The preparation method of the substrate is as follows:

[0057] a. Weigh loess, humus soil and sheep manure proportionally;

[0058] b. After mixing each component evenly, adjust the overall moisture content to 55 - 60%;

[0059] c. Stack and ferment for 15 days to obtain the said seedling-raising substrate.

[0060] Among them, the sheep manure is well-rotted sheep manure, and its preparation method is as follows:

[0061] Mix fresh sheep manure and straw debris in a mass ratio of 3:1, spray EM bacterial agent ((2018) Approval No. (3960) of microbial fertilizer), inoculation amount 3%, stacking thickness ≤ 1.5 m;

[0062] Ferment at 55 - 65 °C for 15 - 20 days, turn the pile once every 5 days during this period, and the water content of the fermented sheep manure ≤ 20%, carbon-nitrogen ratio ≤ 15:1.

[0063] The specific fermentation method of the substrate is as follows:

[0064] Raw material preparation

[0065] Pre-screen large pieces from each component (loess, humus soil, sheep manure), and pass through a 5 - 10 mm sieve.

[0066] Initial mixing

[0067] Mix each component evenly according to the selected formula in the above table.

[0068] Adjust the target overall moisture content to 55 - 60% (it is better that it can be kneaded into a ball with a little water dripping).

[0069] Heap construction

[0070] Heap size: width 1.0 - 1.2 m, height 0.8 - 1.0 m, length depends on the site.

[0071] If the batch is large, it can be divided into several parallel strip heaps.

[0072] Fermentation management

[0073] Temperature rising period (aerobic high temperature)

[0074] 0 - 4 d: The temperature rapidly rises to 55 - 65 °C.

[0075] Turn the pile once every 2 - 3 d: Thoroughly loosen the inside and adjust the water content.

[0076] High temperature holding period

[0077] 5 - 10 d: The temperature is stable at 50 - 60 °C for 5 - 7 d.

[0078] Turn the pile slightly every 3 - 4 d to ensure uniformity.

[0079] Cooling and ripening period

[0080] 11–15 d: The temperature gradually drops below 40 °C and the odor fades.

[0081] Maturity determination

[0082] The whole compost pile is loose and odorless; the color changes from dark brown to dark brown or black brown;

[0083] pH ≈ 6–7, and the remaining moisture content is about 30–40%;

[0084] Sieve again to 2–3 mm before final use to remove undecomposed large lumps.

[0085] Use and storage

[0086] The newly prepared substrate should be left standing for 3–5 d before being used for sowing or cutting;

[0087] Keep it ventilated during storage, and avoid waterlogging and direct sunlight.

[0088] The pH of the final tested substrate is 6.36.

[0089] Example 2 Sophora moorcroftiana seedling-raising substrate and preparation

[0090] Substrate composition (parts by weight): 40 parts of humus soil, 10 parts of sheep manure.

[0091] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0092] Example 3 Sophora moorcroftiana seedling-raising substrate and preparation

[0093] Substrate composition (parts by weight): 50 parts of loess, 30 parts of humus soil, 10 parts of sheep manure. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0094] Example 4 Sophora moorcroftiana seedling-raising substrate and preparation

[0095] Substrate composition (parts by weight): 20 parts of loess, 60 parts of humus soil, 10 parts of sheep manure. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0096] Example 5 Sophora moorcroftiana seedling-raising substrate and preparation

[0097] Substrate composition (parts by weight): 60 parts of loess, 50 parts of humus soil, 20 parts of sheep manure. The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0098] Example 6 Sophora moorcroftiana seedling-raising substrate and preparation

[0099] Substrate composition (parts by weight): 40 parts of loess, 55 parts of humus soil, 5 parts of sheep manure.

[0100] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0101] Example 7: Sophora moorcroftiana Seedling Substrate and Its Preparation

[0102] Substrate composition (parts by weight): 30 parts of loess, 60 parts of humus soil, and 15 parts of sheep manure.

[0103] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0104] Example 8: Effects of Different Substrates on Sophora moorcroftiana Seedling Growth and Substrate Analysis

[0105] 1. Seed Treatment

[0106] Disinfection: Select 500 g of Sophora moorcroftiana seeds produced in Qinghai, soak them in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes, and rinse them with clean water 3 times.

[0107] Soaking: Transfer the seeds to warm water at 50 °C and soak for 24 hours, changing the water every 8 hours during this period.

[0108] Germination acceleration: Wrap the seeds with wet gauze, place them in an incubator at 28 °C, and spray water daily to keep them moist. After 48 hours, the percentage of seeds showing white tips reached 55%, and the germination acceleration was terminated.

[0109] 2. Sowing and Seedling Management

[0110] Container selection: Use a 6×8-hole black plastic plug tray (single-hole volume 200 mL), with drainage holes with a diameter of 5 mm at the bottom.

[0111] Substrate filling: Fill the substrate into the plug tray until it is nine-tenths full, and after gently pressing, leave a sowing depth of 1.5 cm on the surface.

[0112] Sowing operation: Sow 2 seeds with white tips in each hole, cover with 1.2 cm thick fine substrate (the same substrate passed through a 2 mm sieve), and spray water until the substrate humidity reaches 65% (it can be formed into a ball by hand and scattered when dropped).

[0113] Environmental control:

[0114] Temperature: Daytime temperature 23±2 °C (regulated by a solar greenhouse), nighttime temperature 16 - 18 °C (insulated by covering with non-woven fabric).

[0115] Light: Shade 70% before emergence, adjust to a 50% shading net 3 days after emergence, and transition to full sunlight after 15 days.

[0116] Moisture: Spray water to supplement moisture every morning and evening to maintain the substrate humidity at 60 - 70%.

[0117] 3. Seedling Stage Management

[0118] Thinning: 20 days after sowing (at the stage of 3 true leaves of the seedlings), retain 1 strong seedling in each hole, remove the weak seedlings, and replant seedlings of the same age in the holes with missing seedlings.

[0119] Disease control: After thinning, irrigate the roots with 800-fold solution of 50% carbendazim (10 mL per hole), once a week for 2 consecutive weeks.

[0120] Top dressing: When the seedling height reaches 10 cm, spray 0.1% urea solution (spray until dripping from the leaf surface).

[0121] 4. Seedling hardening and transplantation

[0122] Seedling hardening: 10 days before transplantation, gradually remove the shading net and reduce the watering frequency (spray water once every 3 days), and ventilate in the greenhouse for 4 - 6 hours during the day.

[0123] Transplantation standard: The average seedling height is 18 cm (range 15 - 22 cm), the diameter of the stem base is 2.5 mm, and the root system penetrates the bottom of the plug tray to form a complete root ball.

[0124] Planting operation: Select the afternoon of a cloudy day, plant the seedlings with substrate in the desertification test area of Ningxia. The planting hole has a diameter of 20 cm and a depth of 25 cm, and the plant spacing is 1.5 m. After planting, pour thoroughly the root-fixing water containing 0.1% urea (2 L per plant), and cover the ground surface with straw (thickness 5 cm) to conserve moisture.

[0125] Carry out seedling raising with different groups of substrates according to the above seedling raising method, with 5 replicates in each group. The substrate ratio is shown in Table 1.

[0126] In the table, the preparation method of the substrate of loess and humus soil is as follows:

[0127] Raw material preparation

[0128] Take equal amounts of loess and humus soil, crush and sieve through a 5 - 10 mm sieve.

[0129] Check the moisture content: If it is too dry (<40%), spray water evenly until it reaches 55 - 60%; if it is too wet (>65%), spread it out to dry until it reaches 50 - 60%.

[0130] Initial mixing

[0131] Thoroughly mix the loess and humus soil evenly to ensure no obvious strips or lumps.

[0132] Heap construction

[0133] Heap the mixture into a long heap with a width of 1.0 m and a height of 0.8 m, or divide it into several small heaps for easy turning.

[0134] Aerobic fermentation management

[0135] Temperature rising period (0 - 4 d): The temperature at the core of the heap quickly rises to 55 - 65 °C.

[0136] Turn the heap: Once on the 3rd day and once on the 6th day, greatly loosen the core of the heap and adjust the moisture content.

[0137] High-temperature holding period (5–10d)

[0138] Maintain the temperature at 50–60°C and turn it over slightly every 3 days.

[0139] Cooling and ripening period (11–15d)

[0140] When the temperature drops below 40°C and the odor fades, it indicates that the compost is approaching maturity.

[0141] Maturity determination

[0142] The color changes from light brown to dark brown or blackish brown; there is no sour smell; the texture is loose; pH≈6.5–7.5.

[0143] The preparation method of the substrate of loess and sheep manure is as follows:

[0144] Raw material preparation

[0145] Take loess and sheep manure, crush and sieve them.

[0146] Adjust the water content to 55–60%.

[0147] Initial mixing

[0148] Thoroughly mix the loess and sheep manure.

[0149] Heap construction

[0150] The heap is the same as above: width 1.0m × height 0.8m.

[0151] Aerobic fermentation management

[0152] Temperature-rising period (0–3d): The temperature rises above 60°C, which helps to inhibit pathogens.

[0153] Turn the heap: once each on the 2nd day and the 5th day, focusing on breaking up the sheep manure lumps.

[0154] High-temperature holding period (4–9d)

[0155] Keep the temperature at 55–65°C, turn it over slightly every 3 days and check the water content.

[0156] Cooling and ripening period (10–14d)

[0157] When the temperature drops below 40°C and there is no fishy smell of sheep manure, the composting is completed.

[0158] Maturity determination

[0159] The smell of sheep manure turns into a fresh soil smell, the texture is fine and broken; pH≈6.8; EC<2mS / cm.

[0160] The preparation method of the substrate of humus soil and sheep manure is as follows:

[0161] Raw material preparation

[0162] Take humus soil and sheep manure, and sieve them through a 5–10 mm sieve.

[0163] Adjust the water content to 55–60%.

[0164] Initial mixing

[0165] Evenly turn and mix the humus soil and sheep manure to ensure the materials are dispersed.

[0166] Heap construction

[0167] Heap into a strip heap (width 1.0 m, height 0.8 m).

[0168] Aerobic fermentation management

[0169] The temperature rises to 55–60 °C within 0–4 d; turn the heap once on the 3rd d.

[0170] High-temperature holding period (5–9 d)

[0171] Maintain the temperature at 50–60 °C, and turn the heap every 3 d to correct the water content.

[0172] Cooling and ripening period (10–14 d)

[0173] The temperature drops to <40 °C, and the smell changes from strong fishy smell to "soil fragrance".

[0174] Maturity determination

[0175] The color is dark brown, the texture is fine and broken; there is no peculiar smell; the water content is 30–40%; pH ≈ 7.5–8.0.

[0176] The preparation method of the substrate of loess, humus soil and sheep manure is the same as that in Example 1.

[0177] Comparison of the seedling-raising results of Sophora moorcroftiana with different substrate ratios

[0178]

[0179] Note: Different superscripts in the upper right indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) in this column (statistical comparison of groups 10, 15, 16, and 17).

[0180] The results show that when there are 40 parts of loess, 40 parts of humus soil, and 20 parts of sheep manure, that is, in the ratio of 2:2:1, the effect is the best. From the experimental results, it can be seen that although using only humus soil has a relatively good seedling emergence rate, its performance in terms of average ground diameter is poor (Group 17). Appropriately adding sheep manure can effectively improve the seedling emergence rate, seedling height, and average ground diameter (Group 16). When adding loess, a downward trend appears (Group 15), so it is usually thought that adding loess may reduce the cultivation effect of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. However, after adjusting the matrix ratio of humus soil, loess, and sheep manure, especially when further increasing the proportion of loess to 40%, an unexpected reversal occurs. When the ratio of humus soil, loess, and sheep manure reaches 2:2:1, both the seedling emergence rate, seedling height, and average ground diameter are further improved (Group 10).

[0181] Example 9 Analysis of Physical and Chemical Properties and Related Components of Different Substrates

[0182] I. Substrate Configuration

[0183] 1. Substrate components: sheep manure (manure, M), loess (loess, L), humus soil (humus, H)

[0184] 2. Substrate ratio:

[0185] (1) Humus soil (humus, H)

[0186] (2) Loess (loess, L)

[0187] (3) Sheep manure (manure, M)

[0188] (4) Humus:Sheep = 4:1, HM41;

[0189] (5) Loess:Sheep = 4:1, LM41;

[0190] (6) Humus:Loess:Sheep = 1:4:1, HLM141;

[0191] (7) Humus:Loess:Sheep = 2:2:1, HLM221;

[0192] (8) Humus:Loess:Sheep = 4:1:1, HLM411.

[0193] The preparation of the three-component substrate (6 - 8) is the same as that in Example 1, and the preparation of the two-component substrate (4 and 5) is the same as that in Example 8.

[0194] II. Data Results

[0195] 2.1 Reconstructed Substrate Mechanical Composition

[0196] According to the International Soil Texture Classification (ISSS): sand particles have a particle size of 2.0 - 0.05 mm; silt particles have a particle size of 0.05 - 0.002 mm; clay particles have a particle size of <0.002 mm. Analysis was performed by laser granulometry analysis.

[0197] (1) Clay

[0198] The results are as Figure 1 shown. The clay content of each substrate is low and the variation range is narrow (about 2.0% - 3.2%), indicating that all formulations belong to light substrates. Pure humus soil (H) is slightly higher than pure loess (L) and pure sheep manure (M), but the differences among the three are not significant. In the binary mixtures, the clay content of LM41 (L∶M = 4∶1) is the same as that of L, while the clay content of HM41 (H∶M = 4∶1) is high, but the difference from H is not significant. For the ternary ratios (HLM141, HLM221, HLM411), the clay content further converges to between 2.3% - 2.5%, and p > 0.80 among the three groups. Generally speaking, whether single or mixed, the clay content can be maintained at a low level, ensuring good drainage and anti-caking properties.

[0199] (2) Silt

[0200] The results are as Figure 2 shown. Due to the slight change in the clay content, the content of the complementary silt (medium and fine particles) is expected to show the opposite trend: in HM41 and pure H with higher clay content, the silt proportion should be slightly lower; while in LM41 and pure M with the lowest clay content, the silt content should be the highest. The ternary ratios are mixed according to the H / L / M ratio respectively, and their silt content is expected to be between the binary and pure components, and the differences among the three formulations are not significant. The high and low fluctuations of silt will directly affect the water retention capacity and medium pore structure of the substrate, and the measured data are also needed to verify its effect on the water retention - aeration balance of the substrate.

[0201] (3) Sand

[0202] The results are as Figure 3 shown. The sum of clay and silt does not exceed about 6%, indicating that sand (coarse particles) dominates in all formulations (>90%). Among them, LM41 (with the lowest clay content) has the highest sand content; while the sand content of HM41 (with the highest clay content) is slightly reduced. The sand content of the ternary ratios has extremely small differences. A high sand proportion means large matrix porosity and excellent aeration, but it also indicates that appropriate adjustment is needed through organic matter (H) or auxiliary materials (coconut coir, perlite) to improve water retention and nutrient retention capabilities.

[0203] 2.2 Reconstructed substrate acidity - alkalinity and nutrients

[0204] The acidity - alkalinity and nutrients of the reconstructed substrate were measured according to conventional methods.

[0205] (1) pH

[0206] The results are as Figure 4 shown. The pH values of each formulated substrate changed significantly with the acid-base ratio of the raw materials. Pure H was the most acidic, while pure L and pure M were alkaline. The pH of LM41 (L∶M = 4∶1) was the highest, significantly higher than that of L and H; the pH of HM41 (H∶M = 4∶1) was still acidic after neutralization. Among the ternary ratios, the pH of HLM141 (1∶4∶1) was slightly alkaline; the pH of HLM221 (2∶2∶1) and HLM411 (4∶1∶1) were slightly acidic, and all three were significantly different from their respective single components and each other, indicating that the substrate pH can be flexibly regulated by adjusting the ratio of M to H.

[0207] (2) Organic matter

[0208] The results are as Figure 5 shown. The SOC content was significantly affected by the contributions of humus soil (H) and sheep manure (M). Pure L was the lowest, H was the highest, and M was in the middle. LM41 was at the same level as L; HM41 was significantly higher than LM41 and close to the H level. The SOC of the ternary ratios increased significantly with the increase in the proportion of H (HLM141 < HLM221 < HLM411; p < 0.0001), indicating that H was the main source of the substrate organic matter, and the ternary mixture could precisely regulate the SOC concentration.

[0209] (3) Total nitrogen

[0210] The results are as Figure 6 shown. The total nitrogen content showed the same trend as SOC. Pure L was the lowest, and M and H were significantly higher than L. Among LM41 and HM41, the latter was significantly higher than the former. The TN of the ternary ratios increased significantly with the increase in the proportion of H + M: HLM141 < HLM221 < HLM411, indicating that the nitrogen supply could be flexibly controlled by the proportion of organic components.

[0211] (4) Total phosphorus

[0212] The results are as Figure 7 shown. The phosphorus content was mainly provided by M and H. Pure L < H < M. LM41 was close to L, HM41 was similar to H and M, and the difference between the two was significant. Among the ternary mixtures, the TP values were in the order of HLM141 < HLM221 < HLM411, and the increase in the component ratio significantly increased TP, verifying the dominant role of M and H in the substrate phosphorus supply.

[0213] (5) Total potassium

[0214] The results are as Figure 8As shown, the potassium content is mainly contributed by L: pure L > M > H. LM41 is on a par with L; HM41 is similar to H and significantly lower than LM41. The TK values of the ternary ratios are HLM141, HLM221, and HLM411, and there is no significant difference among them, indicating that as long as the proportion of L is stable, the TK content can be maintained at a high level.

[0215] (6) Available nitrogen

[0216] The results are as Figure 9 shown. Available nitrogen is jointly affected by M and H. LM41 is on a par with L; HM41 is significantly higher than LM41 and higher than M / H; the AN of the ternary mixtures is in the order of HLM141 < HLM221 < HLM411, and there are significant differences among the groups, indicating that fine-tuning the ratio of M to H can precisely control the level of rapidly released nitrogen.

[0217] (7) Available phosphorus

[0218] The results are as Figure 10 shown. The trend of available phosphorus is the same as that of TP: LM41 is the lowest, and HM41 and H are significantly higher than LM41; the AP of the ternary ratios is in the order of HLM141 < HLM221 < HLM411, and there are significant differences among the groups. The results show that the ratio of M to H in the substrate directly determines the ability to rapidly release phosphorus.

[0219] (8) Available potassium

[0220] The results are as Figure 11 shown. The AK in different substrates is significantly affected by raw material differences. The AK of pure sheep manure (M) is the highest, significantly higher than that of pure loess L and pure humus soil H; LM41 is the lowest, significantly lower than L and M. HM41 is significantly higher than LM41 and close to the level of H. The AK of the ternary formula HLM141 < HLM221 < HLM411, where HLM221 and HLM411 are significantly higher than HLM141 and both are significantly lower than single M. Overall, sheep manure is the main source of AK, and the mixed ratio can effectively adjust the potassium supply level of the substrate.

[0221] 2.3 Microbial quantity of the reconstructed substrate

[0222] The measurement methods of microorganisms follow molecular biology techniques, qPCR and high-throughput sequencing.

[0223] (1) Bacterial quantity

[0224] The results are as Figure 12 shown. The number of bacteria in pure loess (L) and pure humus soil (H) is extremely high, approaching 2.0×10 8 and 1.1×10 8 CFU·g -1, significantly higher than that of pure sheep manure M. LM41 and HLM141 were the lowest and close to each other, both significantly lower than L and H. HM41 was significantly higher than LM41 but still much lower than the single component. The bacterial counts of the ternary formulations HLM221 and HLM411 were significantly higher than that of HLM141 and lower than H. This indicates that a high proportion of L and H is beneficial to the soil bacterial abundance, while the incorporation of M inhibits bacterial growth.

[0225] (2) Fungal quantity

[0226] The results are as Figure 13 shown. Among the pure substrates, there were significant differences among L, H, and M. LM41 and HM41 were similar and had no significant difference, indicating that the incorporation of sheep manure had limited effect on fungal abundance. Among the ternary formulations, HLM141 was the lowest, HLM221 was the highest, and HLM411 was in the middle, and there were significant differences among all groups. Especially, the fungal count of HLM221 increased significantly, possibly because the high H and L jointly promoted fungal growth.

[0227] (3) Actinomycete quantity

[0228] The results are as Figure 14 shown. Among the pure M, the actinomycetes were the highest, significantly higher than L and H. LM41 and HM41 were significantly higher than L and close to the level of H. Among the ternary formulations HLM141, HLM221, and HLM411, they were all significantly lower than M, and HLM411 was comparable to HM41. The results showed that sheep manure was the main promoting factor for actinomycetes, and the fine-tuning of the ratio of humus soil to loess had relatively little effect on it.

[0229] (4) Fungal-bacterial ratio

[0230] The results are as Figure 15 shown. Among the pure components, the ratios of H and LM41 were the lowest, and there were significant differences between L and M. HM41 was significantly higher than LM41, indicating that the incorporation of sheep manure increased the relative abundance of fungi. Among the ternary formulations, HLM141 was the lowest, and there were significant differences in pairwise comparisons among HLM221 and HLM411. This indicates that the HLM221 formulation was most conducive to the relative expansion of fungi in the microbial community, while high H or single soil was not favorable.

[0231] 2.4 Plant growth monitoring

[0232] Figure 16 What is shown is the situation of Sophora moorcroftiana in plant height, leaf number, chlorophyll, and basal diameter under different substrates, among which the substrate with the ratio of loess:humus soil:sheep manure being 2:2:1 was superior to other substrates in terms of plant height, leaf number, and basal diameter.

[0233] 2.5 Relationship between plant growth and reconstructed substrate

[0234] The Mantel test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the relationship between plant growth and the reconstructed substrate.

[0235] The analysis results are as Figure 17 shown. The sampling points with higher pH values correspond to lower plant growth indices, verifying the negative impact of soil acidity and alkalinity on plant growth. The plant growth-related indices (seedling quantity, ground diameter, leaf number, chlorophyll) show a co-variation trend, among which the variation range of chlorophyll content is the largest. The soil particle composition shows a complementary distribution characteristic among sand particles, silt particles, and clay particles. The sampling point groups of the orange lines (Mantel p < 0.01) and the sampling point groups of the green lines (p = 0.01 - 0.05) show different variation patterns in most indices, reflecting the differences in the soil-plant system in regions with different spatial significance levels. Overall, this figure reveals a systematic association pattern from soil chemical properties to plant biological responses and then to soil physical properties, providing intuitive evidence for understanding the spatial differentiation of ecosystem functions.

Claims

1. A Sophora moorcroftiana seedling-raising substrate, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0-60 parts of loess, 30-60 parts of humus soil, and 5-25 parts of sheep manure; the pH of the substrate is 6.0-7.

5.

2. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein, It comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of loess, 40-50 parts of humus soil, and 10-20 parts of sheep manure.

3. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein, It comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of loess, 40 parts of humus soil, and 20 parts of sheep manure.

4. The substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sheep manure is well-rotted sheep manure after fermentation treatment.

5. The substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size range of the loess is 0.1-5 mm, and the moisture content ≤ 10%.

6. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein The organic matter content of the humus soil ≥ 25%, and the pH value is 6.0-7.

0.

7. The preparation method of the Sophora moorcroftiana seedling-raising substrate according to any one of claims 1-6, which comprises the following steps: a. Weigh loess, humus soil and sheep manure in proportion; b. After mixing the components evenly, adjust the overall moisture content to 55-60%; c. Stack and ferment for 5-15 days to obtain the seedling-raising substrate.

8. The application of the Sophora moorcroftiana seedling-raising substrate according to any one of claims 1-6 in promoting the germination of Sophora moorcroftiana seeds or the growth of seedlings.

9. A method for cultivating Sophora moorcroftiana seedlings, characterized in that, It uses the Sophora moorcroftiana seedling-raising substrate according to any one of claims 1-6 for seedling raising.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: (1) Seed pretreatment: Screen Sophora moorcroftiana seeds, and perform disinfection, soaking and germination acceleration treatments in sequence until more than 50% of the seeds show white; (2) Sowing: Fill the seedling-raising substrate into a container with drainage holes at the bottom, cover a substrate layer with a thickness of 1.0-1.5 cm after sowing, and control the substrate humidity at 60-70%; (3) Seedling stage management: Keep the daytime temperature at 20-25 °C and the nighttime temperature ≥ 15 °C, gradually increase the light intensity after emergence, and thin out the seedlings when the seedlings have 2-3 true leaves; (4) Hardening off and transplanting: Gradually reduce shading and watering 7-10 days before transplanting, and perform planting when the seedling height reaches 15-20 cm and the roots penetrate the container.

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