Strawberry and muskmelon interplanting method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a strawberry and muskmelon interplanting method which comprises the following steps: (1) substrate preparation; (2) building planting facilities; (3) variety selection; (4) field planting; (5) field management; (6) harvesting. According to the interplanting method, the survival rate of the strawberries and the muskmelons is remarkably increased, the economic benefits of crops are greatly increased, and the interplanting method has great application potential in the agricultural field and is very wide in prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to an intercropping planting method for strawberries and melons. Background Art

[0002] Strawberries belong to the genus Fragaria of the Rosaceae family and are perennial herbaceous plants. They not only taste delicious and are edible, but also have certain medicinal values, being able to moisten the lungs and promote fluid production, invigorate the spleen and harmonize the stomach, relieve summer heat, and also have diuretic and thirst-quenching effects. Melons belong to the genus Cucumis of the Cucurbitaceae family and are annual prostrate or climbing herbaceous plants, rich in sugars, vitamins, and cellulose. It is worth mentioning that the whole plant of melons can be used as medicine, with effects such as removing inflammation and detoxifying, inducing vomiting, dehumidifying, and relieving jaundice. Due to containing bitter toxins, melons are significantly effective in inducing vomiting and can be used as a high-quality emetic.

[0003] In the market, both strawberries and melons have a wide range of demands. However, traditional planting methods mostly adopt single-crop planting, which results in low land utilization rate and is prone to a series of problems such as soil nutrient imbalance and aggravated pests and diseases. In contrast, intercropping, as an efficient planting mode, can fully exploit the potential of land resources, space resources, and light resources, significantly increasing the yield and economic benefits of crops per unit area. At present, there is a relative lack of scientific planting methods for intercropping strawberries and melons, and a mature and highly operable planting system has not been formed, making it difficult to achieve the mutual coordination and complementary advantages of their growth during actual planting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides an intercropping planting method with high utilization rate and low management cost.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] An intercropping planting method for strawberries and melons, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Substrate preparation: Prepare the substrate and disinfect it.

[0008] (2) Construction of planting facilities: Use a greenhouse with good light transmittance and strong heat preservation, equipped with a sunshade net, ventilation equipment, and a drip irrigation system; Design of cultivation troughs: Select a trapezoidal structure, control the trough spacing to be 80 - 100 cm, lay a drainage pipe at the bottom, and spray a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection before planting.

[0009] (3) Variety selection: Select high-quality varieties suitable for substrate cultivation.

[0010] (4) Planting: Select mother plants for strawberry seedling raising in mid-August, obtain qualified seedlings in late September, and plant them in late September. Plant them in a double-row staggered pattern on both sides of the cultivation trough; for melons, conduct seed treatment and germination promotion in late February of the following year, sow them in seedling trays in early March, reach the planting standard in late March, and plant them in late March. Plant them in a single row in the center of the cultivation trough, intercropping with strawberries at intervals to form a double-high and low spatial layout;

[0011] (5) Field management: Including temperature and light regulation, integrated water and fertilizer management, plant adjustment, and pest and disease control;

[0012] (6) Harvesting: Harvest in a timely manner according to the harvest season.

[0013] Preferably, the substrate in the step (1) is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by mass:

[0014] 25 - 35 parts of coconut coir, 15 - 25 parts of fermented cow dung, 10 - 20 parts of perlite, 20 - 30 parts of decomposed straw, 5 - 10 parts of wood chips, 3 - 6 parts of straw fiber.

[0015] Preferably, the straw fiber is prepared by the following method:

[0016] A1. Select corn straw, crush, grind, and sieve it to obtain straw powder;

[0017] A2. Mix the straw powder and the laccase-containing fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 5 - 8:70 - 80, heat to 40 - 50 °C, adjust the pH, and stir for 12 - 16 h to obtain pretreated straw powder; among them, the lignin-containing fermentation broth is prepared by mixing laccase, starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 1 - 3:6 - 10:87 - 94;

[0018] A3. Mix yeast extract, glucose, soluble starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 8 - 10:2 - 4:1 - 2:70 - 90, stir for 8 - 12 min, adjust the pH, and sterilize to obtain a culture medium. Inoculate Trichoderma reesei into the culture medium, control the mass ratio of Trichoderma reesei to the culture medium to be 5 - 8:90 - 100, control the temperature at 25 - 32 °C, and the culture time to be 5 - 7 days. Centrifuge and collect the supernatant to obtain a buffer solution; mix dithiothreitol and the buffer solution in a mass ratio of 0.2 - 0.4:100 - 120, stir for 8 - 10 min, and culture at 25 - 30 °C for 4 - 6 days to obtain a fermentation broth;

[0019] A4. Mix the pretreated straw powder and the fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 1 - 3:15 - 20, heat and stir for 20 - 25 h, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain straw fiber.

[0020] Preferably, the variety selection in step (3) is as follows: for strawberries, the varieties are Hongyan, Zhangji, Ningfeng, and Ningyu; for melons, the varieties are Tangtian No. 10, Haimi No. 8, and Baige.

[0021] Preferably, the temperature and light control in step (5) includes:

[0022] In the early stage of strawberry fruit formation, the daytime temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 22 - 25°C, and the nighttime temperature is 8 - 11°C; during the flowering and fruiting period, the daytime temperature is maintained at 18 - 22°C, and the nighttime temperature is 8 - 15°C; in the early stage of melon growth, the daytime temperature is maintained at 25 - 29°C, and the nighttime temperature is 16 - 19°C; after fruit setting, the daytime temperature is controlled at 26 - 33°C, and the nighttime temperature is 18 - 20°C;

[0023] Control the average daily light intensity during the strawberry fruiting period to be 15000 - 20000 LUX; the average daily light intensity during the melon swelling period is 40000 - 60000 LUX.

[0024] Preferably, the integrated water and fertilizer management in step (5) includes:

[0025] Maintain the soil moisture at 65 - 75% of the field water holding capacity. The air humidity during the strawberry flowering period is ≤60%, and it drops to 55% during the melon maturity period;

[0026] Use a drip irrigation system to supply liquid in different areas and at different times. Apply a high - potassium fertilizer with an EC value of 1.8 - 2.0 mS / cm during the budding and fruit swelling periods of strawberries; apply a balanced fertilizer with an EC value of 2.2 - 2.5 mS / cm from the vine - stretching period to the fruit - setting period of melons; at the same time, conduct foliar top - dressing every 15 - 20 days, spraying a 0.2 - 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and trace element fertilizers.

[0027] Preferably, the plant adjustment in step (5) includes:

[0028] Timely remove the old leaves and side buds of strawberries and the side vines and tendrils of melons for fruit thinning; during the fruit swelling period, put a polyethylene mesh bag on each cluster of fruits and hang it on the support net to prevent rotting due to touching the ground.

[0029] Preferably, the pest and disease control in step (5) includes at least one of physical control, biological control, and chemical control.

[0030] Preferably, the harvesting in step (6) is specifically as follows:

[0031] When the surface color of the strawberry fruit reaches 80 - 90% red - ripe, it can be harvested, generally in the first and middle ten days of December, and harvested once every 2 - 3 days; when the melon fruit emits a fragrance or there are cracks around the fruit stalk, it can be harvested, generally in the first and middle ten days of May, and keep the fruit stalk and part of the melon vine during harvesting.

[0032] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] The present invention simultaneously plants two kinds of crops, enabling the substrate to be more fully utilized throughout the growth season, improving the output efficiency of the substrate; strawberry plants are relatively short and are plants that grow close to the ground; melons can grow upward by means of trellising, etc. When intercropped, the melons grow upward and occupy the vertical space, while the strawberries grow on the ground, and the two do not interfere with each other in space, making full use of the three-dimensional space and increasing the planting quantity and yield per unit area.

[0034] The present invention uses Trichoderma reesei and dithiothreitol to treat straw to obtain straw fiber. Dithiothreitol can maintain the activity of enzymes such as cellulase produced by Trichoderma reesei, enabling these enzymes to play a role more persistently and efficiently, thereby accelerating the decomposition of straw, improving the overall reaction efficiency, and shortening the treatment time; Trichoderma reesei can secrete a variety of cellulases and hemicellulases, which can effectively decompose the cellulose and hemicellulose in straw, and dithiothreitol has reducibility and can break some chemical bonds of lignin in straw. The two act synergistically to more efficiently degrade the lignocellulose in straw into utilizable straw fiber, improving the decomposition efficiency of straw and the fiber yield. After this mixed treatment, the obtained straw fiber has better physical properties, the structure of the fiber is more regular, and the surface is smoother, which is beneficial to improving the stability, water retention, air permeability and other properties of the fiber in the substrate, providing better support and environmental conditions for crop growth.

[0035] The odors and secretions emitted by strawberries and melons respectively may have a certain repellent or inhibitory effect on certain pests and diseases of the other party, reducing the occurrence probability of pests and diseases and reducing the usage amount of pesticides; intercropping the two kinds of crops can increase the output of agricultural products per unit area and improve economic benefits. Specific embodiments

[0036] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the embodiments do not limit the present invention in any form.

[0037] Thiophanate-methyl, purchased from Hebei Lukuan Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: PD91106-12; high-potassium fertilizer, purchased from Weifang Huayun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., product number: xhalseqj, brand: West Coast; balanced fertilizer, purchased from Henan Zhongnong Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, brand: Rizheng Nongke, balanced water-soluble fertilizer; furfuryl zinc, purchased from Shandong Zhelong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; yeast extract, purchased from Guangzhou Huayu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., powder; laccase, purchased from Sichuan Huanxu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Trichoderma reesei, purchased from Shandong Kangyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; corn straw, purchased from Zhengyang County Wanyan Hua Straw Processing for Cattle and Sheep Breeding.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] A method for intercropping strawberries and melons, comprising the following steps:

[0040] (1) Substrate preparation: Prepare the substrate and disinfect it; wherein, the substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 25 parts of coconut coir, 15 parts of fermented cow dung, 10 parts of perlite, 20 parts of decomposed straw, 5 parts of wood chips, and 3 parts of straw fiber; Prepare a 600-fold solution with thiophanate-methyl and drench and disinfect the substrate; The straw fiber is prepared by the following method:

[0041] A1. Select corn straw, crush it, grind it, and pass it through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain straw powder;

[0042] A2. Mix the straw powder and the laccase-containing fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 5:70, heat to 40 °C, adjust the pH to 5, and stir at 80 rpm for 12 h to obtain pretreated straw powder; wherein, the lignin-containing fermentation broth is prepared by mixing laccase, starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 1:6:87;

[0043] A3. Mix yeast extract, glucose, soluble starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 8:2:1:70, stir for 8 min, adjust the pH to 5, sterilize at 120 °C for 1 h to obtain a culture medium; Inoculate Trichoderma reesei into the culture medium, control the mass ratio of Trichoderma reesei to the culture medium to be 5:90, control the temperature to be 25 °C, the culture time to be 5 days, centrifuge at 6000 rpm for 3 min, collect the supernatant to obtain a buffer solution; Mix dithiothreitol and the buffer solution in a mass ratio of 0.2:100, stir at 80 rpm for 8 min, and culture at 25 °C for 4 days to obtain a fermentation broth;

[0044] A4. Mix the pretreated straw powder and the fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 1:15, heat to 40 °C, stir at 100 rpm for 20 h, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 5 min, wash 3 times with deionized water, and dry at 60 °C for 6 h to obtain straw fiber;

[0045] (2) Construction of planting facilities: Use a greenhouse with good light transmittance and strong heat preservation, equipped with a sunshade net, ventilation equipment, and a drip irrigation system; Cultivation trough design: Select a trapezoidal structure, the cultivation trough is 80 cm wide, the planting depth is 5 cm, the trough spacing is 80 cm, a drain pipe is laid at the bottom, the pipe diameter is controlled at 60 mm, and the laying slope is controlled at 0.3%; Spray 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection before planting;

[0046] (3) Variety selection: Select high-quality varieties suitable for substrate cultivation; The strawberry variety is selected as Hongyan; The melon variety is selected as Yugu;

[0047] (4) Planting: Select mother plants for strawberry seedling cultivation in mid-August, obtain qualified seedlings in late September, and plant them in late September. Plant them in a double-row staggered pattern on both sides of the cultivation trough, with a row spacing of 25 cm and a plant spacing of 15 cm. For melons, seed treatment and germination acceleration are carried out in late February of the following year, sown in seedling trays in early March, reaching the planting standard in late March, and planted in late March. Plant them in a single row in the center of the cultivation trough, set up support rods on both sides of the cultivation trough, horizontally tighten the grid and fix it to form a double-layer plane. Control the plant spacing to be 40 cm, and interplant with strawberries at intervals to form a double-high and low spatial layout.

[0048] (5) Field management: including temperature and light regulation, integrated water and fertilizer management, plant adjustment, and pest and disease control.

[0049] Among them, temperature and light regulation include: In the early stage of strawberry fruit formation, the greenhouse temperature is controlled at 22 °C during the day and 8 °C at night; during the flowering and fruiting period, the temperature is maintained at 18 °C during the day and 8 °C at night; in the early stage of melon growth, the temperature is maintained at 25 °C during the day and 16 °C at night; after fruit setting, the temperature is controlled at 26 °C during the day and 18 °C at night. Control the average daily light intensity during the strawberry fruit period to be 15000 LUX; the average daily light intensity during the melon swelling period is 40000 LUX.

[0050] Integrated water and fertilizer management includes: maintaining the humidity at 65% of the field water holding capacity, the air humidity during the strawberry flowering period is 60%, and it drops to 55% during the melon maturity period.

[0051] Use a drip irrigation system to supply liquid in different areas and at different times. During the budding and fruit swelling periods of strawberries, apply a high-potassium fertilizer with an EC value of 1.8 mS / cm; during the vine elongation to fruit setting periods of melons, apply a balanced fertilizer with an EC value of 2.2 mS / cm. At the same time, carry out foliar topdressing once every 15 days, spraying a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and trace element fertilizer; the trace element fertilizer is furfuryl zinc.

[0052] Plant adjustment includes: removing old leaves and lateral buds of strawberries and non-fruiting lateral vines and tendrils of melons, and thinning fruits. During the fruit swelling period, put a polyethylene mesh bag on each cluster of fruits and hang it on the support net to prevent it from touching the ground and rotting.

[0053] Pest and disease control includes physical control, specifically: covering with insect-proof nets.

[0054] (6) Harvesting: When 80% of the strawberry fruit surface is red and ripe, it can be harvested, usually in early December, and harvested once every 2 days; when the melon fruit emits a fragrance or there are cracks around the fruit stalk, it can be harvested, usually in early May. When harvesting, keep the fruit stalk and part of the melon vine.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] A method for interplanting strawberries and melons, including the following steps:

[0057] (1) Substrate preparation: Prepare the substrate and disinfect it; among them, the substrate includes the following raw materials in parts by mass: 35 parts of coconut coir, 25 parts of fermented cow dung, 20 parts of perlite, 30 parts of decomposed straw, 10 parts of wood chips, and 6 parts of straw fiber; Prepare a 1000-fold solution with thiophanate-methyl and drench and disinfect the substrate; The straw fiber is prepared by the following method:

[0058] A1. Select corn straw, crush, grind, and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain straw powder;

[0059] A2. Mix the straw powder and the laccase-containing fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 8:80, heat to 50 °C, adjust the pH to 6, and stir at 100 rpm for 16 h to obtain pretreated straw powder; among them, the lignin-containing fermentation broth is prepared by mixing laccase, starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 3:10:94;

[0060] A3. Mix yeast extract, glucose, soluble starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 10:4:2:90, stir for 12 min, adjust the pH to 6, sterilize at 130 °C for 2 h to obtain a culture medium; Inoculate Trichoderma reesei into the culture medium, control the mass ratio of Trichoderma reesei to the culture medium to be 8:100, control the temperature at 32 °C, the culture time to be 7 days, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 5 min, collect the supernatant to obtain a buffer solution; Mix dithiothreitol and the buffer solution in a mass ratio of 0.4:120, stir at 100 rpm for 10 min, and culture at 30 °C for 6 days to obtain a fermentation broth;

[0061] A4. Mix the pretreated straw powder and the fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 3:20, heat to 50 °C, stir at 150 rpm for 25 h, centrifuge at 10000 rpm for 8 min, wash 3 times with deionized water, and dry at 70 °C for 8 h to obtain straw fiber;

[0062] (2) Construction of planting facilities: Use a greenhouse with good light transmittance and strong heat preservation, equipped with a sunshade net, ventilation equipment, and a drip irrigation system; Design of cultivation trough: Select a trapezoidal structure, the width of the cultivation trough is 90 cm, the planting depth is 10 cm, the trough spacing is 100 cm, lay a drain pipe at the bottom, control the pipe diameter to be 80 mm, and control the laying slope to be 0.6%; Spray 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection before planting;

[0063] (3) Variety selection: Select high-quality varieties suitable for substrate cultivation; Select Zhangji for strawberry varieties; Select Emerald for melon varieties;

[0064] (4) Planting: Select mother plants for strawberry seedling cultivation in mid-August, obtain qualified seedlings in late September, and plant them in late September. Plant them in a double-row staggered pattern on both sides of the cultivation trough, with a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 20 cm; for melons, seed treatment and germination acceleration are carried out in late February of the following year, sown in seedling trays in early March, reaching the planting standard in late March, and planted in late March. Plant them in a single row in the center of the cultivation trough, set up support rods on both sides of the cultivation trough, horizontally tighten the mesh and fix it to form a double-layer plane; control the plant spacing to be 50 cm, and interplant them with strawberries at intervals to form a double-high and low spatial layout;

[0065] (5) Field management: including temperature and light regulation, integrated water and fertilizer management, plant adjustment, and pest and disease control;

[0066] Among them, temperature and light regulation includes: in the early stage of strawberry growth, the greenhouse temperature is controlled at 25 °C during the day and 11 °C at night; during the flowering and fruiting period, the temperature is maintained at 22 °C during the day and 15 °C at night; in the early stage of melon growth, the temperature is maintained at 29 °C during the day and 19 °C at night; after fruit setting, the temperature is controlled at 33 °C during the day and 20 °C at night; control the average daily light intensity during the strawberry fruiting period to be 20000 LUX; the average daily light intensity during the melon swelling period is 60000 LUX;

[0067] Integrated water and fertilizer management includes: maintaining the humidity at 75% of the field water holding capacity, the air humidity during the strawberry flowering period is 60%, and it drops to 55% during the melon maturity period;

[0068] Use a drip irrigation system to supply liquid in a partitioned and timed manner. During the budding and fruit swelling periods of strawberries, apply a high-potassium fertilizer with an EC value of 2.0 mS / cm; during the vine elongation to fruit setting periods of melons, apply a balanced fertilizer with an EC value of 2.5 mS / cm; at the same time, carry out foliar topdressing once every 20 days, spraying a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and trace element fertilizer; the trace element fertilizer is furfuryl zinc;

[0069] Plant adjustment includes: removing old leaves and lateral buds of strawberries and non-fruiting lateral vines and tendrils of melons, and thinning fruits; during the fruit swelling period, put a polyethylene mesh bag on each spike of fruits and hang it on the support net to prevent rotting due to touching the ground;

[0070] Pest and disease control includes biological control, specifically: releasing predatory mites.

[0071] (6) Harvesting: When the surface color of strawberry fruits reaches 90% red ripeness, they can be harvested, generally in early December, and harvested once every 3 days; when melon fruits emit a fragrance or there are cracks around the fruit stalks, they can be harvested, generally in early May. When harvesting, retain the fruit stalk and part of the melon vine.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] A intercropping planting method for strawberries and melons, including the following steps:

[0074] (1) Substrate preparation: Prepare the substrate and disinfect it; among them, the substrate includes the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 parts of coconut coir, 20 parts of fermented cow dung, 15 parts of perlite, 25 parts of decomposed straw, 8 parts of wood chips, and 5 parts of straw fiber; Prepare a 800-fold solution with thiophanate-methyl and drench or spray disinfect the substrate; The straw fiber is prepared by the following method:

[0075] A1. Select corn straw, crush it, grind it, and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain straw powder;

[0076] A2. Mix the straw powder and the laccase-containing fermentation broth at a mass ratio of 7:75, heat to 45 °C, adjust the pH to 6, and stir at 90 rpm for 14 h to obtain pretreated straw powder; among them, the lignin-containing fermentation broth is prepared by mixing laccase, starch, and deionized water at a mass ratio of 2:8:90;

[0077] A3. Mix yeast extract, glucose, soluble starch, and deionized water at a mass ratio of 9:3:1.5:80, stir for 10 min, adjust the pH to 5, sterilize at 125 °C for 1.5 h to obtain a culture medium; Inoculate Trichoderma reesei into the culture medium, control the mass ratio of Trichoderma reesei to the culture medium at 7:95, control the temperature at 30 °C, the culture time at 6 days, centrifuge at 7000 rpm for 4 min, collect the supernatant to obtain a buffer solution; Mix dithiothreitol and the buffer solution at a mass ratio of 0.3:110, stir at 90 rpm for 9 min, and culture at 28 °C for 5 days to obtain a fermentation broth;

[0078] A4. Mix the pretreated straw powder and the fermentation broth at a mass ratio of 2:19, heat to 45 °C, stir at 130 rpm for 23 h, centrifuge at 9000 rpm for 7 min, wash 3 times with deionized water, and dry at 65 °C for 7 h to obtain straw fiber;

[0079] (2) Construction of planting facilities: Use a greenhouse with good light transmittance and strong heat preservation, equipped with a sunshade net, ventilation equipment, and a drip irrigation system; Cultivation tank design: Select a trapezoidal structure, the width of the cultivation tank is 85 cm, the planting depth is 8 cm, the tank spacing is 90 cm, lay a drain pipe at the bottom, control the pipe diameter at 70 mm, and the laying slope is controlled at 0.5%, and spray 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection before planting;

[0080] (3) Variety selection: Select high-quality varieties suitable for substrate cultivation; The strawberry variety is selected as Ningyu; The melon variety is selected as Berger;

[0081] (4) Planting: For strawberries, select mother plants for seedling raising in mid-August, obtain qualified seedlings in late September, and plant them in late September. Plant them in a double-row staggered pattern on both sides of the cultivation trough, with a row spacing of 28 cm and a plant spacing of 20 cm. For melons, conduct seed treatment and germination promotion in late February of the following year, sow them in seedling trays in early March, reach the planting standard in late March, and plant them in late March. Plant them in a single row in the center of the cultivation trough, set up support poles on both sides of the cultivation trough, horizontally tighten the mesh and fix it to form a double-layer plane. Control the plant spacing to be 45 cm, and interplant them with strawberries at intervals to form a double-high and low spatial layout.

[0082] (5) Field management: It includes temperature and light regulation, integrated water and fertilizer management, plant adjustment, and pest and disease control.

[0083] Among them, temperature and light regulation include: In the early stage of strawberry growth, the greenhouse temperature is controlled at 24 °C during the day and 10 °C at night; during the flowering and fruiting period, the temperature is maintained at 20 °C during the day and 12 °C at night; in the early stage of melon growth, the temperature is maintained at 27 °C during the day and 18 °C at night; after fruit setting, the temperature is controlled at 31 °C during the day and 19 °C at night. Control the average daily light intensity during the fruiting period of strawberries to be 18000 LUX; the average daily light intensity during the swelling period of melons to be 50000 LUX.

[0084] Integrated water and fertilizer management includes: Maintain the soil moisture at 70% of the field water holding capacity, the air humidity during the strawberry flowering period is 60%, and it drops to 55% during the melon maturity period.

[0085] Use a drip irrigation system to supply liquid in a partitioned and time-sharing manner. Apply a high-potassium fertilizer with an EC value of 1.9 mS / cm during the budding and fruit swelling periods of strawberries; apply a balanced fertilizer with an EC value of 2.3 mS / cm from the vine elongation period to the fruit setting period of melons. At the same time, conduct foliar topdressing once every 18 days, spraying a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and trace element fertilizer. The trace element fertilizer is furfuryl zinc.

[0086] Plant adjustment includes: Remove the old leaves and lateral buds of strawberries and the non-fruiting lateral vines and tendrils of melons, and conduct fruit thinning. During the fruit swelling period, put a polyethylene mesh bag on each cluster of fruits and hang it on the support net to prevent it from touching the ground and rotting.

[0087] Pest and disease control includes chemical control, specifically: Spray a 1000-fold solution of 25% ethirimol suspension.

[0088] (6) Harvesting: When the surface color of strawberry fruits reaches 85% red ripeness, they can be harvested, usually in early December, and harvested once every 3 days; when melon fruits emit a fragrance or there are cracks around the fruit stalk, they can be harvested, usually in early May. When harvesting, retain the fruit stalk and part of the melon vine.

[0089] Comparative Example 1

[0090] Comparative Example 1 is the same as Example 1, except that the preparation method of the straw fiber is different. Specifically:

[0091] The straw fiber is prepared by the following method:

[0092] A1. Select corn straw, crush, grind, and pass through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain straw powder;

[0093] A2. Mix yeast extract, glucose, soluble starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 8:2:1:70, stir for 8 min, adjust the pH to 5, sterilize at 120 °C for 1 h to obtain a culture medium; inoculate Trichoderma reesei into the culture medium, control the mass ratio of Trichoderma reesei to the culture medium to be 5:90, control the temperature at 25 °C, the culture time to be 5 days, centrifuge at 6000 rpm for 3 min, collect the supernatant to obtain a buffer solution; mix dithiothreitol and the buffer solution in a mass ratio of 0.2:100, stir at 80 rpm for 8 min, and culture at 25 °C for 4 days to obtain a fermentation broth;

[0094] A3. Mix the straw powder and the fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 1:15, heat to 40 °C, stir at 100 rpm for 20 h, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 5 min, wash 3 times with deionized water, and dry at 60 °C for 6 h to obtain the straw fiber.

[0095] Comparative Example 2

[0096] Comparative Example 2 is the same as Example 1, except that the preparation method of the straw fiber is different. Specifically:

[0097] The straw fiber is prepared by the following method:

[0098] A1. Select corn straw, crush, grind, and pass through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain straw powder;

[0099] A2. Mix the straw powder and the laccase-containing fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 5:70, heat to 40 °C, adjust the pH to 5, and stir at 80 rpm for 12 h to obtain pretreated straw powder; among them, the lignin-containing fermentation broth is prepared by mixing laccase, starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 1:6:87;

[0100] A3. Mix yeast extract, glucose, soluble starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 8:2:1:70, stir for 8 min, adjust the pH to 5, sterilize at 120 °C for 1 h to obtain a culture medium; inoculate Trichoderma reesei into the culture medium, control the mass ratio of Trichoderma reesei to the culture medium to be 5:90, control the temperature at 25 °C, the culture time to be 5 days, centrifuge at 6000 rpm for 3 min, collect the supernatant to obtain a buffer solution;

[0101] A4. Mix the pretreated straw powder and buffer solution at a mass ratio of 1:15, heat to 40°C, stir at 100 rpm for 20 h, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 5 min, wash 3 times with deionized water, and dry at 60°C for 6 h to obtain straw fibers.

[0102] Comparative Example 3

[0103] Comparative Example 3 is the same as Example 1, except that the preparation method of the straw fibers is different. Specifically:

[0104] The straw fibers are prepared by the following method:

[0105] A1. Select corn straw, crush, grind, and pass through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain straw powder;

[0106] A2. Mix the straw powder and the laccase-containing fermentation broth at a mass ratio of 5:70, heat to 40°C, adjust the pH to 5, and stir at 80 rpm for 12 h to obtain pretreated straw powder; among them, the lignin-containing fermentation broth is prepared by mixing laccase, starch, and deionized water at a mass ratio of 1:6:87;

[0107] A3. Mix yeast extract, glucose, soluble starch, and deionized water at a mass ratio of 8:2:1:70, stir for 8 min, adjust the pH to 5, sterilize at 120°C for 1 h to obtain a culture medium; mix dithiothreitol and the culture medium at a mass ratio of 0.2:100, stir at 80 rpm for 8 min, and culture at 25°C for 4 days to obtain a fermentation broth;

[0108] A4. Mix the pretreated straw powder and the fermentation broth at a mass ratio of 1:15, heat to 40°C, stir at 100 rpm for 20 h, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 5 min, wash 3 times with deionized water, and dry at 60°C for 6 h to obtain straw fibers.

[0109] Performance Test

[0110] Count the survival rate of strawberries on December 15 and count the survival rate of melons on May 16.

[0111] Table 1

[0112] Test items Survival rate of strawberries (%) Survival rate of melons (%) Example 1 94 95 Example 2 96 96 Example 3 95 95 Comparative example 1 88 90 Comparative example 2 85 86 Comparative example 3 80 80

[0113] It can be seen from the test data in Table 1 that the intercropping planting method provided by the present invention is remarkable in improving the economic benefits of crops, and can significantly improve the survival rates of strawberries and melons at the same time; the introduction of straw fibers can greatly improve the survival rate of crops.

[0114] This specific embodiment is only an interpretation of the present invention and does not limit the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without creative contributions as needed, but as long as it is within the scope of the claims of the present invention, it is protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A intercropping planting method for strawberries and melons, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Substrate preparation: Prepare the substrate and disinfect it; (2) Construction of planting facilities: Use a greenhouse with good light transmittance and strong heat preservation, equipped with a sunshade net, ventilation equipment and drip irrigation system; Design of cultivation trough: Select a trapezoidal structure, control the trough spacing at 80 - 100 cm, lay a drainage pipe at the bottom, and spray 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection before planting; (3) Variety selection: Select high-quality varieties suitable for substrate cultivation; (4) Planting: For strawberries, select mother plants for seedling raising in mid-August, obtain qualified seedlings in late September, and plant them in late September. Plant them in two rows with staggered positions on both sides of the cultivation trough; For melons, conduct seed treatment and germination promotion in late February of the following year, sow them in seedling trays in early March, reach the planting standard in late March, and plant them in late March. Plant them in a single row in the center of the cultivation trough, intercropping with strawberries at intervals to form a double-high and low space layout; (5) Field management: Include temperature and light regulation, integrated water and fertilizer management, plant adjustment and pest control; (6) Harvesting: Harvest in a timely manner according to the harvest season.

2. The intercropping planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate in step (1) is prepared by mixing raw materials in the following mass parts: 25 - 35 parts of coconut coir, 15 - 25 parts of fermented cow dung, 10 - 20 parts of perlite, 20 - 30 parts of decomposed straw, 5 - 10 parts of wood chips, 3 - 6 parts of straw fiber.

3. The intercropping planting method according to claim 2, wherein, The straw fiber is prepared by the following method: A1. Select corn straw, crush, grind, and sieve it to obtain straw powder; A2. Mix the straw powder and the laccase-containing fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 5 - 8:70 - 80, heat to 40 - 50 °C, adjust the pH, and stir for 12 - 16 h to obtain pretreated straw powder; Among them, the lignin-containing fermentation broth is prepared by mixing laccase, starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 1 - 3:6 - 10:87 - 94; A3. Mix yeast extract, glucose, soluble starch, and deionized water in a mass ratio of 8 - 10:2 - 4:1 - 2:70 - 90, stir for 8 - 12 min, adjust the pH, and sterilize to obtain a culture medium. Inoculate Trichoderma reesei into the culture medium, control the mass ratio of Trichoderma reesei to the culture medium at 5 - 8:90 - 100, control the temperature at 25 - 32 °C, and the culture time at 5 - 7 days. Centrifuge and collect the supernatant to obtain a buffer solution; Mix dithiothreitol and the buffer solution in a mass ratio of 0.2 - 0.4:100 - 120, stir for 8 - 10 min, and culture at 25 - 30 °C for 4 - 6 days to obtain a fermentation broth; A4. Mix the pretreated straw powder and the fermentation broth in a mass ratio of 1 - 3:15 - 20, heat and stir for 20 - 25 h, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain straw fiber.

4. The intercropping planting method according to claim 1, wherein The variety selection in step (3) is as follows: For strawberries, select varieties such as Hongyan, Zhangji, Ningfeng, or Ningyu; For melons, select varieties such as Tangtian No. 10, Haimi No. 8, or Baige.

5. The intercropping planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature and light regulation in step (5) includes: In the early stage of strawberry fruit formation, the daytime temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 22-25°C, and the nighttime temperature is 8-11°C; during the flowering and fruiting period, the daytime temperature is maintained at 18-22°C, and the nighttime temperature is 8-15°C; in the early stage of melon growth, the daytime temperature is maintained at 25-29°C, and the nighttime temperature is 16-19°C; after fruit setting, the daytime temperature is controlled at 26-33°C, and the nighttime temperature is 18-20°C. Control the average daily light intensity during the strawberry fruiting period to be 15000-20000 LUX; the average daily light intensity during the melon swelling period is 40000-60000 LUX.

6. The intercropping planting method according to claim 1, wherein The integrated water and fertilizer management in step (5) includes: Maintain the humidity at 65-75% of the field water holding capacity. The air humidity during the strawberry flowering period is 55-60%, and it drops to 55% during the melon ripening period; Use a drip irrigation system to supply liquid in a time-sharing manner for different areas. Apply a high-potassium fertilizer with an EC value of 1.8-2.0 mS / cm during the strawberry budding period and fruit swelling period; apply a balanced fertilizer with an EC value of 2.2-2.5 mS / cm from the melon vine stretching period to the fruit setting period; at the same time, carry out foliar topdressing every 15-20 days, spraying a 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and trace element fertilizers.

7. The intercropping planting method according to claim 1, wherein, The plant adjustment in step (5) includes: Timely remove the old leaves and side buds of strawberries and the non-fruiting side vines and tendrils of melons, and carry out fruit thinning; during the fruit swelling period, put a polyethylene mesh bag on each cluster of fruits and hang it on the support net to prevent rotting due to touching the ground.

8. The intercropping planting method according to claim 1, wherein The pest and disease control in step (5) includes at least one of physical control, biological control, and chemical control.

9. The intercropping planting method according to claim 1, wherein The specific harvesting in step (6) is: When the surface color of the strawberry fruit reaches 80-90% red ripeness, it can be harvested, usually in the first and middle ten days of December, and harvested once every 2-3 days; when the melon fruit emits a fragrance or there are cracks around the fruit stalk, it can be harvested, usually in the first and middle ten days of May, and keep the fruit stalk and part of the melon vine during harvesting.