An integrated system for intravenous fistula vascular sound amplification and pressure exercise monitoring

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of intravenous fistula blood vessel sound amplification and pressurized exercise monitoring integrated system.The system includes wearable host device, sound collecting component, sound amplifying component, pressurizing component and control unit.Host device is worn on the forearm of patient and positioned in the fistula blood vessel area, sound collecting component is used to collect blood vessel sound signal and convert into electrical signal, sound amplifying component amplifies blood vessel sound, realizes real-time auditory monitoring of patency.Pressurizing component applies pressure within preset time period, assists blood vessel dilation exercise.Control unit drives pressurizing component to implement pressurization and release according to user-set exercise mode and timing parameters, and monitors pressure change and blood vessel response;Processing and analyzing blood vessel sound signal, judging blood vessel state and outputting feedback or prompt information.The system integrates sound monitoring, individualized exercise and blood vessel evaluation, helps to improve the efficiency of fistula maturation and long-term patency, and is suitable for preoperative training, postoperative rehabilitation and patency management of hemodialysis patients.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medical treatment, in particular to an intravenous fistula blood vessel sound amplification and pressure exercise monitoring integrated system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the prior art, in order to promote the maturation of arteriovenous fistula of hemodialysis patients and maintain the patency thereof, artificial pressure ball, rubber bandage or manual grip training are usually used to exercise the affected limb to guide the expansion of the vein and promote the improvement of blood flow dynamics. At the same time, medical staff usually manually monitor the blood vessel sound of the fistula site through a stethoscope to determine the patency of the fistula and whether there are abnormal conditions such as stenosis or occlusion.

[0003] However, the prior art has problems such as dependence on manual operation for exercise, difficulty in ensuring exercise frequency, lack of precision in pressure control, subjectivity in collecting blood vessel sound, lack of continuous recording and objective evaluation, etc., which makes it difficult to realize long-term, regular and personalized exercise guidance and patency monitoring for patients, resulting in low fistula maturation efficiency, high complication rate and increased hospitalization frequency and medical burden of patients.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to provide a device that integrates blood vessel sound collection, sound amplification output, automatic pressure control and patency evaluation functions to improve the efficiency and reliability of hemodialysis patient fistula management. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides an intravenous fistula blood vessel sound amplification and pressure exercise monitoring integrated system to improve the efficiency and reliability of hemodialysis patient fistula management.

[0006] The present application provides an intravenous fistula blood vessel sound amplification and pressure exercise monitoring integrated system, comprising:

[0007] A wearable host device for wearing on the forearm of a patient and positioned above the fistula blood vessel;

[0008] A sound collecting component configured to detect the blood vessel sound signals generated by the fistula blood vessel of the patient and convert the blood vessel sound signals into electrical signals;

[0009] An amplification component for amplifying and outputting the blood vessel sound signals obtained by the sound collecting component to realize auditory monitoring of the patency of the fistula blood vessel;

[0010] A pressure component configured to apply pressure to the wearing site to guide the expansion of the fistula blood vessel within a set time period;

[0011] The control unit is used for acquiring the exercise mode and timing parameters selected by the user, driving the pressurizing assembly to implement pressure loading and releasing under the control of the acquired user data, monitoring the pressure change and blood vessel dilation response in the pressurizing process, judging the exercise effect and blood vessel patency condition based on the monitored data, and issuing a prompt information when an abnormality occurs; and processing and analyzing the sound signals of the sound collecting assembly to judge the characteristic change of the blood vessel sound and output feedback information related to the blood vessel state.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present application mainly include: (1) through the cooperation of the sound collecting assembly and the sound amplifying assembly, the internal fistula blood vessel noise can be amplified and played out in real time, so that medical staff or patients can distinguish whether the blood vessel is unobstructed without using a stethoscope, which helps to identify the risk of stenosis or occlusion early, improves the monitoring efficiency and convenience. (2) The system automatically performs the pressurizing and releasing operation through the control unit, and realizes personalized adjustment combined with the exercise mode and timing parameters selected by the user, avoids human operation errors, improves the regularity and controllability of exercise, and promotes the effective dilation and maturation of the internal fistula blood vessel. (3) The system collects pressure change and blood vessel sound signals in real time during exercise, and judges the patency condition and exercise effect based on data analysis, and if an abnormality is found, the user can be reminded in time, so as to realize dynamic monitoring and risk warning, enhance safety and intervention timeliness. (4) The integrated wearable design simplifies the patient use process, the system can guide the patient to complete the exercise task on time through the prompt function, improves the daily cooperation degree, and has the potential to expand remote data transmission and doctor evaluation interface, supports long-term management and follow-up needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an internal fistula blood vessel sound amplification and pressurizing exercise monitoring integrated system provided by the first embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be practiced in a variety of ways beyond the specific details set forth herein without departing from the scope of the present application, and one skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the scope of the present application, so the present application is not limited to the specific implementation disclosed below.

[0015] The first embodiment of the present application provides an internal fistula blood vessel sound amplification and pressurizing exercise monitoring integrated system. Please refer to Figure 1 , which is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present application. The following will be described in combination with Figure 1 The first embodiment of the present application provides an internal fistula blood vessel sound amplification and pressurizing exercise monitoring integrated system.

[0016] The intravenous fistula blood vessel sound amplification and pressure exercise monitoring integrated system comprises a wearable host device 101, a sound collecting assembly 102, a sound amplifying assembly 103, a pressure assembly 104 and a control unit 105.

[0017] The wearable host device 101 is used to be worn on the forearm of a patient and positioned above the fistula blood vessel.

[0018] In the intravenous fistula blood vessel sound amplification and pressure exercise monitoring integrated system provided in the embodiment, the wearable host device 101 constitutes the core bearing platform of the system, which is not only the integrated carrier of various functional assemblies but also the basic structure for contacting the skin surface of the patient and realizing positioning, fitting and comfortable wearing. The host device 101 is particularly designed to be worn on the forearm of a hemodialysis patient and accurately positioned above the fistula blood vessel area to ensure that the sound collecting assembly, the sound amplifying assembly, the pressure assembly and the control unit and other functional components can efficiently and accurately act on the target blood vessel.

[0019] Specifically, the host device 101 is made of a flexible skin-friendly material and combines with an ergonomic wristband type wearing structure to realize skin comfort and mechanical stability during long-term wearing. The shape of the host device 101 can refer to the profile of a smart watch, including a bottom shell, an upper cover, a fixing band and an adjustable binding mechanism. The bottom shell region is provided with a mounting groove or a containing cavity for containing the sound collecting assembly 102, the sound amplifying assembly 103, the pressure assembly 104 and the control unit 105 and other modules; meanwhile, the skin-close side of the bottom is provided with a flexible contact surface or a replaceable adhesive layer to enhance the acoustic coupling effect and pressure distribution uniformity between the patient's skin, preventing displacement or noise interference during wearing.

[0020] The host device 101 can include a plurality of electrical connection interfaces and channels for realizing power supply, signal collection, signal processing and physical connection between components. For example, in the interior of the host device, a circuit integrated cavity or a flexible cable guide groove can be provided for stable transmission of electrical signals between the sound collecting assembly 102 and the control unit 105, and the sound amplifying assembly 103 can also be connected for audio signal output. In addition, the host device 101 can be configured with a micro battery or a rechargeable power module and cooperate with a wireless charging or magnetic attraction charging structure to facilitate repeated use in clinical or home environment.

[0021] In specific implementation, to improve the stability of wearing and the accuracy of function execution, the host device 101 can also integrate an angle sensor or a position sensor for judging whether the device is correctly fitted on the target blood vessel area. Once the deviation or rotation state is detected, the user can be guided to wear again through vibration, buzzing or visual prompting. In addition, the host device 101 can adopt a modular design in the manufacturing process, so that the sound collecting assembly, the pressure assembly and other key components can be replaced or upgraded, facilitating maintenance and customized configuration.

[0022] In summary, the host device 101 not only bears the basic functions of wearing stability and user comfort, but also realizes the functions of blood vessel sound collection, exercise control, pressure output and data transmission, and is a highly integrated platform foundation, ensuring stable, reliable and efficient operation of the system in various clinical or home application scenarios.

[0023] Further, the wearable host device comprises:

[0024] An elastic fixing band for securely wearing the host device on the patient's forearm;

[0025] A positioning marker area provided on the bottom surface of the host device, having a visual auxiliary mark for guiding the user to accurately position the device above the internal fistula blood vessel;

[0026] An acoustic coupling layer provided on the contact surface between the host device and the skin, made of soft silicone material, for enhancing the sound transmission efficiency between the sound collection assembly and the skin and reducing environmental noise interference;

[0027] An anti-slip stabilizing structure provided on the bottom edge of the host device to prevent displacement of the device during exercise;

[0028] An adjusting mechanism for adjusting the tightness of the fixing band according to the circumference of the patient's forearm, realizing universal wearing for patients of different body types, while ensuring that the pressure assembly can apply appropriate pressure.

[0029] The wearable host device is the core carrier of the entire system, and its structural design and functional implementation have a decisive influence on the overall performance of the system.

[0030] The wearable host device adopts a monolithic design, its appearance is similar to a modified wristband-type smart device, but the internal structure and functional implementation are optimized specifically for internal fistula blood vessel monitoring and exercise needs. The overall size of the host device is about 65mm x 45mm x 15mm (length x width x height), and the weight is controlled within 50g to ensure comfort during long-term wearing. The host shell is made of medical-grade ABS material by injection molding, and the surface is treated with anti-allergy to reduce skin discomfort caused by long-term contact.

[0031] The elastic fixing band of the host device is the basic component to ensure the stable operation of the whole system. The fixing band is made of medical-grade elastic fabric material, and the inner surface is covered with a soft superfine fiber layer, which can provide a comfortable touch when in direct contact with the skin and reduce sweat accumulation. The width of the elastic fixing band is 20mm, which can provide sufficient fixing force without excessive restraint on the forearm. The length of the fixing band can be adjusted within the range of 150-250mm to adapt to the forearm circumference of patients of different body types. The elastic fixing band is connected by magic tape (nylon buckle) at both ends, which is convenient for patients to operate with one hand to wear and disassemble. To enhance the stability of the fixing, the elastic band is designed with double-layer reinforcement at the connection with the host, and is firmly connected with the host shell through injection molding slot, to ensure that it will not come off during daily activities and exercise.

[0032] The positioning mark area is set at the central position of the bottom surface of the host device, directly corresponding to the installation position of the sound collection assembly. The area adopts a specially designed recess structure, surrounded by a tactilely recognizable edge profile, so that the patient can feel the correct positioning direction of the device by touch even without direct observation. The positioning mark area is printed with clear visual auxiliary marks, including direction arrows indicating the direction of internal fistula blood flow, and concentric circle marks indicating the best sound collection point position. These marks are configured with high contrast colors, which are easy to identify even in insufficient light environments. When the patient uses it for the first time, medical staff can make personalized marks around the positioning mark area using the accompanying waterproof marker according to the results of ultrasonic examination, to assist the patient in accurately positioning at home. The accurate positioning ability of the positioning mark area has a direct impact on the sound collection effect. By guiding the patient to accurately place the device directly above the internal fistula blood vessel, the strength of the collected blood vessel sound signal can be improved by more than 30%, significantly improving the monitoring sensitivity of the system.

[0033] The acoustic coupling layer is a key component for improving sound collection efficiency, which is placed on the contact surface between the main device and the skin, surrounding the pickup unit of the sound collection assembly. The layer is made of medical-grade soft silicone material (Shore hardness of 20-30A), with a thickness of 3-5mm, having good elasticity and acoustic transmission characteristics. The surface of the acoustic coupling layer is designed with a micro-convex grid structure, which can ensure full contact with the skin while forming multiple micro-cavities, effectively reducing environmental noise interference and achieving an effect similar to an acoustic isolation chamber. The edges of the acoustic coupling layer are designed to gradually thin out, avoiding hard edges at the contact with the skin, improving the comfort of long-term wear. In order to enhance the sound transmission efficiency, 5-8% of acoustic guiding particles are added to the material formula of the acoustic coupling layer, which can improve the sound wave transmission coefficient of the material. In practical application, patients can apply a small amount of medical ultrasonic coupling agent on the surface of the acoustic coupling layer to further improve the sound transmission efficiency, especially for patients with dry or hairy skin. The acoustic coupling layer adopts a detachable design, connected to the bottom of the main machine through buckles, which is convenient for regular cleaning and replacement, meeting the hygiene requirements and long-term use needs.

[0034] The anti-slip stabilizing structure is placed on the peripheral edge of the bottom of the main device, distributed in a ring shape, and forms a complementary fit with the acoustic coupling layer. The structure is made of medical-grade thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) material, with a special micro-ripple pattern on the surface, which can form a high-friction coefficient contact with the skin, effectively preventing the device from moving during patient activity or exercise. The height of the anti-slip stabilizing structure is slightly lower than that of the acoustic coupling layer by 0.5-1mm, ensuring that the acoustic coupling layer can form appropriate pressure contact with the skin, while the anti-slip structure will not interfere with the sound collection effect. Water diversion grooves are provided on the inner side of the anti-slip stabilizing structure, which can guide the sweat secreted by the skin away from the sound collection area, avoiding the accumulation of sweat leading to device sliding or affecting sound collection quality. The material of the anti-slip structure also has certain cushioning performance, which can absorb the vibration in daily activities and reduce the interference to the sound collection signal. In addition, the design of the anti-slip stabilizing structure takes into account the synergistic effect with the pressure assembly, when the pressure assembly applies pressure, the anti-slip structure can provide stronger fixation force, ensuring the stability of the device position during the entire exercise process, thereby ensuring the reliability of the exercise effect and monitoring data.

[0035] The adjustment mechanism is located at the connection between the main device and the elastic fixing band, which is used to adapt to the forearm circumference of different patients, ensuring the comfort and stability of the equipment wearing. The mechanism adopts a two-way adjustment design, including two levels of coarse adjustment and fine adjustment. The coarse adjustment is realized through multiple preset clamps on the fixing band, which adapts to the basic size requirements of patients of different body types; the fine adjustment is connected to the built-in ratchet structure through the knob on the side of the main device, and each rotation can realize about 1mm length adjustment, so that patients can make precise adjustments according to their personal comfort. The adjustment mechanism also integrates a tension feedback system, when the fixing band tension reaches the preset range (about 8-12N), the adjustment knob will produce obvious tactile feedback, prompting the user that the recommended wearing tightness has been reached. This design not only prevents blood circulation from being blocked due to tight wearing, but also avoids the impact of loose wearing on the exercise effect of the pressurizing component. The material of the adjustment mechanism is reinforced nylon, which has good durability and fatigue resistance, and can withstand daily repeated adjustment operations. In addition, the adjustment mechanism is also provided with a quick release button, which can immediately loosen the fixing band when pressed in emergency, facilitating the patient to quickly remove the device. The design of the adjustment mechanism fully considers the functional cooperation with the pressurizing component, by adjusting the tightness of the fixing band, the basic pressure of the pressurizing component on the blood vessel can be indirectly controlled, thereby realizing the customization of personalized exercise programs.

[0036] The above components are functionally related and work together. First, the elastic fixing band cooperates with the adjustment mechanism to provide basic wearing stability for the entire device; the positioning marker area guides the user to accurately place the device above the internal fistula blood vessel, creating the best working position for the sound collection component; the acoustic coupling layer improves sound transmission efficiency, ensuring that the sound collection component can obtain clear blood vessel sound signals; the anti-slip stability structure prevents device displacement, maintaining the stability of the sound collection position, while providing a reliable basis for the pressurizing component; the adjustment mechanism adjusts the contact pressure between the device and the skin by controlling the tightness of the fixing band, affecting the acoustic coupling effect and the working state of the pressurizing component.

[0037] In actual application, the patient first determines the approximate position of the internal fistula blood vessel according to the doctor's guidance or personal experience, then refers to the visual auxiliary mark of the positioning marker area to place the main device at the corresponding position, and adjusts the tightness of the fixing band to a comfortable state through the adjustment mechanism. After wearing, the acoustic coupling layer is in close contact with the skin, the sound collection component starts to collect blood vessel sound signals, and outputs them to the outside through the sound amplification component. When the exercise mode is started, the anti-slip stability structure ensures that the device does not displace due to the action of the pressurizing component, maintaining the stability and effectiveness of the entire exercise process.

[0038] Through the above design, the wearable main device realizes the comprehensive functions of stable wearing, precise positioning, efficient sound collection and reliable pressurizing, providing a solid hardware foundation for the internal fistula blood vessel sound amplification and pressurizing exercise monitoring integrated system.

[0039] The sound collecting component 102 is configured to detect the vascular sound signal generated by the internal fistula blood vessel of the patient and convert the vascular sound signal into an electrical signal.

[0040] The sound collecting component 102 is used to realize high-fidelity collection of the sound signal generated by the internal fistula blood vessel of the hemodialysis patient, and reliably convert the sound signal into an electrical signal for subsequent processing and amplification, which is a key technical link for the whole system to realize the vascular patency monitoring function.

[0041] The sound collecting component 102 is preferably integrated on the skin surface of the wearable host device 101, and obtains the physiological sound signal from the inside of the internal fistula blood vessel, especially the murmur signal related to blood flow pulsation, by closely contacting the patient's skin. In order to improve the collection accuracy, the sound collecting component can include a flexible conductive film or a flexible sound collecting film made of medical grade polymer material, which can form a good acoustic coupling interface with the skin and isolate external environmental noise. A miniature electro-acoustic transducer, such as an electret condenser microphone (ECM) or a micro-electromechanical microphone (MEMS), is arranged below the flexible sound collecting film, which converts the blood flow murmur in the form of mechanical vibration into an analog voltage signal.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the sound collecting component can further include a multi-layer structure, such as an outer protective film, an intermediate flexible acoustic coupling layer, and an inner sound pickup element, wherein the acoustic coupling layer can be made of gel or foam material to enhance the fit and suppress false signals caused by skin movement. In addition, in order to prevent interference caused by arm muscle activity or external contact, the sound collecting component can integrate a low-frequency noise shielding layer, and a flexible suspension isolation can be formed between the mounting structure and the host shell, effectively improving the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0043] After signal collection, the sound collecting component outputs the acoustic signal in the form of an electrical signal to the control unit 105. The control unit can be connected to a front-stage signal conditioning circuit at the collection end for filtering, preamplification, and A / D conversion of the signal. For the implementation using a digital microphone, data reading can also be directly performed through a digital audio interface. The control unit further performs real-time analysis of the signal, including time domain envelope extraction, spectral analysis, heart rate rhythm identification, and pulsation energy distribution analysis.

[0044] In a typical configuration, the sound collecting component is arranged at the central axis position of the bottom surface of the host to maximize the alignment with the internal fistula anastomosis region of the arteriovenous; at the same time, the outer side of the sound collecting component is provided with a marking positioning area or a pressing auxiliary structure, which facilitates the user to independently complete accurate wearing.

[0045] In summary, the sound collecting component 102 not only needs to have sensitive, low-noise, and stable acoustic-electric conversion performance, but also needs to fully consider the adhesion, anti-interference, and signal consistency in the wearing physiological environment.

[0046] The sound amplification component 103 is configured to amplify the blood vessel sound signal obtained by the sound collection component and output the amplified signal to the outside, so as to realize auditory monitoring of the patency of the internal fistula blood vessel.

[0047] The sound amplification component 103 is configured to amplify the blood vessel sound signal collected and converted by the sound collection component in real time, and output the amplified signal in an audible form to the outside, so that the medical staff or the patient himself can directly hear and identify the patency state of the internal fistula blood vessel through the ear. The role of the sound amplification component in the system is not limited to volume enhancement, but more importantly, it converts the weak and clinically valuable blood flow murmur into clear and stable external sound, which assists non-professional users in continuous perception monitoring.

[0048] The sound amplification component 103 is preferably integrated into the housing of the host device 101, especially on the side facing the outside after being worn, so that the sound can be effectively transmitted to the surrounding space without affecting the comfort of the patient. In actual implementation, the sound amplification component can adopt a small audio output device such as a micro loudspeaker, a bone conduction sound generator or a planar magnetic drive loudspeaker unit. These devices can achieve sufficient frequency response range and sound pressure output in a limited volume, so that the blood vessel sound in the low frequency to medium frequency band (usually concentrated in the range of 50 Hz to 1000 Hz) can be reproduced with high fidelity.

[0049] The sound amplification component is usually connected with the control unit 105 through a signal amplification circuit. The electrical signal collected by the sound collection component is first pre-amplified and filtered by the control unit, and the gain is dynamically adjusted according to the noise level and volume requirement, and then the signal is transmitted to the sound amplification component for sound output. In order to avoid the interference of background noise in the environment on the auditory judgment of the user, a digital signal processing chip (DSP) or a software filtering module can be integrated in the sound amplification component to perform speech enhancement, dynamic compression and background noise reduction on the input signal, so as to highlight the rhythmic characteristics of the blood flow beat.

[0050] In order to adapt to different use environments and population needs, the volume output of the sound amplification component can be set to multiple levels, and the user can adjust the volume intensity through the keys, touch or the supporting mobile terminal application. Further, the sound amplification component can also be provided with an audio rhythm prompt mode, which automatically superimposes a prompt sound or adopts a different tone when detecting an abnormal blood vessel sound (such as disappearance of beat, intermittent unevenness or high frequency noise), so as to enhance the sensitivity of the user to the abnormal state.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, in order to protect privacy and not disturb others, the sound amplification component can send the audio signal to the earphone or mobile terminal through Bluetooth or other wireless means to realize directional listening. This method is also convenient for medical staff to remotely listen, and combined with the sound spectrum data recorded by the system, quantitative analysis and remote diagnosis can be carried out.

[0052] The sound amplification assembly 103 can also be linked to the abnormal state judgment logic in the system, and automatically switch to continuous output or alarm mode when the patency determination is abnormal, to help the patient find the problem as soon as possible and seek medical treatment. The structure and working mode can be realized and improved according to the existing wearable audio device technology. Different types of acoustic output units can be selected according to the use scene and patient needs, so as to complete the design and integration of the sound amplification assembly, and ensure its practicability and operability in medical auxiliary monitoring.

[0053] The pressurization assembly 104 is configured to apply pressure to the wearing site for a set period of time to guide the expansion of the internal fistula blood vessel.

[0054] The pressurization assembly 104 is the key execution mechanism for realizing the blood vessel exercise function, which acts on the patient wearing site, especially the internal fistula area of the forearm, to implement periodic mechanical pressure to guide the expansion of the internal fistula vein, so as to promote its gradual maturation and meet the blood flow conditions required for hemodialysis.

[0055] The pressurization assembly 104 is preferably integrated in the internal part of the wearable host device or the flexible band structure connected thereto, and can be realized in the form of inflatable air bag, miniature electric tension device, shape memory material driving structure, flexible hydraulic cavity, etc., among which the miniature air bag structure is the most common and reliable. In a typical embodiment, the pressurization assembly includes a closed flexible air bag arranged along the bottom surface of the host device or the surrounding band, leaving a controllable pressurization space between the air bag and the patient's skin contact surface. The air bag is inflated and deflated by a miniature air pump or an electromagnetic drive pump, and the pump body is electrically connected with the control unit, which accurately controls the pressurization strength, duration and release interval of the air bag, forming a dynamic pressurization process of periodic inflation and deflation.

[0056] To ensure the uniformity and physiological safety of pressurization, the air bag material is usually a medical-grade thermoplastic elastomer or a polyurethane composite film, which has certain softness and repeatable deformation performance, and has anti-tear and pressure resistance performance, and can adapt to long-time repeated inflation and deflation without leakage. In addition, to further improve the fit and comfort, the pressurization assembly can also add a cushion or ergonomic wave structure to the contact layer, so that the pressure distribution is more uniform and local tissue compression is avoided.

[0057] During system operation, the control unit retrieves different pressurization parameters according to the user's set exercise mode (such as regular mode, preoperative training mode, postoperative recovery mode, etc.), including target pressure value, loading rate, pressure holding time and release time, etc., and adjusts the pressurization action in real time through a closed loop control mode. In the closed loop structure, the pressurization assembly can also integrate a miniature pressure sensor to real-time feedback the actual pressure state of the air bag or the contact area, and form a linkage relationship with the control unit to avoid overpressure or insufficient pressurization.

[0058] To adapt to different patient individual differences, the pressurizing assembly can also have self-adaptive adjustment capability. For example, during the first few exercise processes, the system records the relationship between the venous dilation amplitude and the pressure response, and adjusts the pressurizing threshold and time in each subsequent exercise period according to the relationship, to optimize the dilation effect and reduce discomfort. In addition, the assembly also supports manual switching mode, allowing medical staff to manually control the pressurizing process according to clinical judgment, for evaluating patient vascular reactivity or cooperating with extracorporeal ultrasound monitoring.

[0059] The overall size of the pressurizing assembly is designed to be compact, facilitating integrated integration with the main machine shell, and the electrical control part is connected to the control unit through a flexible cable, while the gas path part can adopt a built-in micro gas channel and safety valve design to ensure that the pressure can be quickly released in an emergency, ensuring patient safety.

[0060] In summary, the pressurizing assembly 104 not only functions to promote venous dilation through periodic mechanical stimulation, but also realizes a safe, controllable, and adaptive automatic exercise process through data interaction with the control unit, feedback control, and individualized adjustment mechanism.

[0061] Further, the pressurizing assembly comprises an intelligent feedback system, which comprises:

[0062] A plurality of independently controlled elastic pressurizing units arranged around the wearing area for respectively applying local pressurization according to control instructions, and the output pressure of each pressurizing unit can be adjusted in real time;

[0063] A vascular response sensing device for collecting the pulsation intensity, deformation response, and dilation trend of the local vascular region during the pressurizing process, and the output signal of the vascular response sensing device is transmitted to the control unit for subsequent modeling and regulation;

[0064] A venous elasticity modeling module for constructing an individualized vascular compliance model based on pressure response data in multiple exercise periods, and the vascular compliance model is used to predict the vascular dilation result under different pressurizing conditions;

[0065] An adaptive pressurizing adjustment module for generating pressurizing parameters for the next period, including the pressure set value and action duration of each pressurizing unit, according to the vascular compliance model and real-time feedback data, and making fine adjustments according to the actual response during the pressurizing process.

[0066] To achieve more precise, safe, and individualized vascular exercise control, the pressurizing assembly further integrates an intelligent feedback system, which has the ability to adjust in real time based on biological response, thereby forming a closed-loop control mechanism, effectively improving the exercise effect and reducing the risk of vascular damage.

[0067] The intelligent feedback system is composed of multiple functionally integrated sub-components. First, in order to achieve differentiated compression stimulation on different parts of the blood vessels, multiple elastic compression units are arranged in the compression assembly. These compression units are distributed circumferentially around the device, for example, around the patient's forearm fistula area. Each compression unit is internally provided with an inflatable or electrically driven flexible structure and is electrically connected with the control unit. The system can independently control the pressure, duration and timing of each compression unit, thereby forming an adjustable local pressure distribution in space. This structure allows the system to differentiate stimulation under different anatomical positions or blood vessel conditions, avoiding the problems of blood vessel compression injury or uneven local expansion that may be caused by traditional single-point compression schemes.

[0068] During the compression implementation process, in order to understand the response of the blood vessels to the applied pressure in real time, the intelligent feedback system also includes a blood vessel response sensing device. This device can be composed of a miniature ultrasonic transducer, a pulse detection sensor or an optical plethysmography technology, and is arranged adjacent to or coaxial with the compression unit. The task of this device is to continuously monitor the physiological parameters such as the blood vessel pulse intensity, the degree of tube wall deformation and the expansion speed of the compression area. The collected signals are transmitted to the control unit in real time and serve as the basis for judging the current compression effect. Through the analysis of these parameters, the system can identify whether the blood vessels have responded effectively to the current compression, and whether there are abnormal phenomena such as insufficient expansion or excessive expansion.

[0069] After receiving the raw data from the blood vessel response sensing device, the control unit will call the built-in venous elasticity modeling module to process the data. Based on the accumulated pressure and expansion response data in multiple historical exercise periods, combined with the blood vessel change information corresponding to different compression parameters in each exercise, the module constructs an individualized venous compliance model for the current patient. This model contains key parameters such as the blood vessel elasticity curve, the critical pressure threshold and the recovery time constant, and can predict the expected expansion behavior of the blood vessels under given compression conditions. In this way, the system no longer relies on general standard programs, but guides each exercise based on the understanding of the mechanical properties of the blood vessels of the current patient.

[0070] Based on this model, the adaptive compression adjustment module in the system can calculate new compression parameters before each compression period starts, based on the model prediction and current feedback results. These parameters include not only the target pressure values of each compression unit, but also the duration of action, the rising / falling slope of the compression curve and other dynamic change strategies. In addition, this module also has the ability to fine-tune during compression, that is, it continuously analyzes the feedback signals while the compression is not yet completed. If it detects insufficient local response, it can moderately increase the pressure of a certain unit within the current period; if it detects signs of excessive expansion in a local area, it can immediately reduce the pressure or stop the compression to ensure the safety of the blood vessels.

[0071] To achieve individualized exercise control strategy, it is necessary to construct a venous compliance model that highly matches the patient's vascular status based on the real physiological data collected during multiple exercise processes. The construction of this model is based on the pressure response data within multiple consecutive exercise cycles, that is, by recording and analyzing the expansion behavior of the blood vessels at different positions and physiological feedback when the pressure applied by the pressurizing component, the key parameters reflecting the elasticity and compliance of the blood vessels are extracted. In this way, the system can adapt to the status of different patients and different stages of the fistula, and develop a more safe and effective pressurization scheme.

[0072] In actual operation, the system records the target pressure value applied by the pressurizing unit within each exercise cycle, which is usually collected in time series and synchronized with the physiological signals fed back by the vascular response sensing device. These physiological signals can include changes in pulsatile intensity, real-time expansion amplitude of the vessel diameter, expansion start delay, and vessel rebound speed after pressurization stops, etc. Through dynamic analysis of these data, a mapping relationship between pressure input and vascular response can be established.

[0073] To construct the compliance model, the control unit usually uses the data within multiple exercise cycles for curve fitting and statistical modeling. First, the pressure-expansion data collected in each cycle is standardized to eliminate the interference of posture differences, equipment errors or signal abnormalities. Then, the key feature points in each cycle are extracted, such as the critical pressure value at which the blood vessels start to expand, the maximum expansion amplitude, the time required to reach the maximum expansion, the time required for complete rebound after release, etc. Based on these feature data, the system can establish an individualized compliance curve through regression model, nonlinear curve fitting or kernel function-based modeling algorithm, where the vertical axis is the expansion amplitude or volume change of the blood vessels, and the horizontal axis is the applied pressure value, forming a function curve that dynamically reflects the compliance of the blood vessels.

[0074] This compliance model not only describes the response trend of the blood vessels to a specific pressure, but also can derive other physiological parameters reflecting the health status of the blood vessels, such as the stiffness coefficient of the blood vessel wall, the maximum safe expansion threshold, the compliance slope (i.e. the expansion amount corresponding to a unit of pressure), and the rebound lag factor. These parameters play an important role in subsequent pressurization control.

[0075] Once the model is established, the control unit can use it as the core reference basis for pressure decision-making. In the subsequent exercise period, the system does not need to rely completely on the fixed program, but combines the model to predict the expected expansion degree of the blood vessel under the current pressure condition, and calculates the target pressure value and action time of each pressure unit according to the prediction. If the model predicts that the blood vessel is not responsive under the current physiological state, the system can choose a gentler pressure curve, extend the slow loading time, and avoid damaging the blood vessel due to intense expansion. Conversely, if the model predicts that the blood vessel has a high compliance, the pressure upper limit can be appropriately increased to speed up the expansion process and improve the exercise efficiency under the premise of safety.

[0076] In addition, the model also has the ability of self-updating. The system can fine-tune the model after each exercise according to the newly collected pressure response data, and use strategies such as sliding window or exponential weighted average to integrate new and old data, so as to keep the consistency between the model and the actual blood vessel state. As the patient's internal fistula state changes, the model will also evolve to adapt to the physiological changes of the blood vessel from the initial expansion to the mature stage.

[0077] Through this intelligent control method combining multi-source feedback, individual modeling and real-time regulation, the application realizes a pressure exercise strategy that dynamically adapts to the patient's venous mechanical properties, breaking through the limitations of traditional static pressure systems that only rely on preset programs. The system can adapt to changes in blood vessel state for a long time, automatically optimize exercise parameters, improve internal fistula maturation efficiency, and reduce the risk of complications.

[0078] Further, the venous elasticity modeling module calculates the blood vessel expansion capacity index R(t) based on the following formula 1:

[0079]

[0080] Where ΔP(t) represents the pressure change per unit time in the current pressure cycle, with a unit of mmHg / s. This value is collected by the pressure sensor built into the pressure assembly in each control cycle, and is obtained by calculating the pressure difference between the current time and the last time divided by the time interval, that is:

[0081]

[0082] Where Δt is the sampling period, which is usually recommended to be set to 0.1-0.5 seconds. This term reflects the pressure rise rate during the pressure process, and the faster the rate, the stronger the stimulation, so its value is positively correlated with R(t). Since there are differences in tolerance and physiological characteristics of different users, a standardization factor P0 is introduced, which is recommended to be set to 10 mmHg / s. The denominator plus P0 is to avoid abnormal amplification of the value when the pressure change is very small, and to control the nonlinear growth trend of the formula. The weight coefficient k1 is used to adjust the weight of this term, and the recommended initial value is 1.2.

[0083] A(t) represents the dilation amplitude of the blood vessel, in mm, which can be reflected by the pulsation amplitude estimated from the ultrasound transducer or the envelope of the blood vessel sound waveform. The system extracts the radial amplitude of the blood vessel through continuous waveform envelope tracking technology, which can reflect the actual dilation performance of the blood vessel in the current cycle. To achieve unified modeling of different users, the value needs to be divided by the reference amplitude A0 recorded in the user's historical data, and A0 is recommended to be 2 mm. To enhance the sensitivity of low dilation values, a square root transformation is applied to the normalized result to amplify the changes of small and medium values. This item reflects the "static elastic ability" of the current blood vessel, and the larger the value, the better the current compliance of the blood vessel. The weight coefficient k2 is recommended to be set to 0.8.

[0084] τ(t) represents the lag time between the start of pressure and the maximum dilation response of the blood vessel, in s; that is, the delay between the start of pressure and the detection of the maximum value of the blood vessel dilation amplitude, in seconds. The larger the value, the slower the blood vessel response and the lower the compliance. The system tracks the blood vessel dilation envelope signal after the start of each pressure and records the difference between the peak value occurrence time and the pressure start time, which can calculate τ(t). To achieve the differentiability and stability of the model, this item is expressed in the form of:

[0085]

[0086] where θ is a smoothing time constant, recommended to be set to 1 second. In this way, when the lag time increases, the item converges to 1, and when the response is fast, the item tends to 0, thereby constituting a negative correlation term. The weight coefficient k3 is recommended to be set to 0.9.

[0087] ε(t-1) represents the blood vessel response prediction error in the last cycle, with the same unit as A(t); represents the error between the blood vessel dilation amplitude predicted by the model in the last cycle and the actual detection result, with the same unit as A(t), usually in mm. The value can be calculated by:

[0088] ε(t-1) = |A meas (t-1) - A pred (t-1)|

[0089] where A meas (t-1) is the predicted value of the model output in the last cycle, and A pred (t-1) is the actual detection value. This value reflects the fitting stability of the model to the blood vessel response, and when the error fluctuates greatly, it usually indicates that the blood vessel state is unstable. To ensure consistency, the item is divided by the normalization coefficient ε0, which is recommended to be 0.5 mm, and squared to enhance the sensitivity to large abnormal values. The larger the value, the more unpredictable the blood vessel state, which should be used as a suppression factor for R(t). The weight coefficient k4 is recommended to be set to 0.6.

[0090] To ensure the stable modeling of vascular compliance, the system not only uses the observation data of the current cycle for real-time evaluation, but also introduces the difference between the predicted value and the actual observation value of the expansion behavior of the last cycle to measure the model stability and response volatility. Therefore, a set of modeling mechanisms with short-term prediction ability need to be configured in the system to output the A pred (t-1).

[0091] The method of obtaining the predicted value is based on the time series prediction sub-model integrated in the venous elasticity modeling module. The sub-model records the mapping relationship between the pressure input parameters (such as loading strength, pressure duration, release rate) and the corresponding vascular response (such as expansion amplitude) in the past multiple cycles, and constructs a set of mathematical functions for short-term trend fitting. The function can be implemented in a simple linear regression, exponential weighted average, or polynomial fitting based on a local window, and can be further extended to a small-scale neural network predictor for outputting the estimated value of the vascular expansion response amplitude at the next time point.

[0092] In actual implementation, after each pressure cycle ends, the system inputs the input parameters in the current cycle as the prediction factors into the fitting model, and updates the model parameters according to the historical training samples. The model then outputs a value, which is the predicted theoretical expansion amplitude of the blood vessel in the next cycle under the current input condition.

[0093] P0, A0, ε0 are standard reference values set by the system for normalization processing; θ is a time smoothing constant for adjusting the sensitivity of response lag; k1, k2, k3, k4 are individualized weight coefficients fitted by the system from historical data, used to reflect the relative influence of each factor in the current user's vascular model;

[0094] The control unit compares the calculated R(t) with the upper and lower threshold values of the expansion capacity set by the system. When R(t) is higher than the upper threshold value, the control unit instructs the adaptive pressure adjustment module to increase the pressure strength and shorten the loading time in the next cycle; when R(t) is lower than the lower threshold value, the pressure strength is reduced and the recovery interval is extended; when it is detected that R(t) continues to decrease in multiple cycles, the safety protection mechanism is triggered and an abnormal prompt is sent to the user, to realize dynamic tracking and closed-loop adjustment control of the change of vascular compliance.

[0095] The control unit 105 is used to obtain the exercise mode and timing parameters selected by the user, drive the pressurizing assembly to implement pressure loading and release under the control of the obtained user data, monitor the pressure change and blood vessel dilation response during the pressurizing process, judge the exercise effect and blood vessel patency based on the monitored data and issue a prompt information when an abnormality occurs, process and analyze the sound signals of the sound collecting assembly to judge the characteristic change of the blood vessel sound and output feedback information related to the blood vessel state.

[0096] The control unit 105 is the information processing and execution control core of the whole system, responsible for coordinating the linkage work between the sound collecting assembly, the sound amplifying assembly and the pressurizing assembly, realizing multiple functions such as exercise mode control based on user demand, patency monitoring, blood vessel state analysis and user prompting, and the functional integrity and response ability of the control unit directly determine the intelligent level and clinical practicability of the system.

[0097] The control unit 105 can be realized in the form of an embedded microprocessor, a programmable logic controller (PLC) or a customized SoC chip, has a multi-channel analog and digital signal input interface for receiving the blood vessel sound electrical signal output from the sound collecting assembly 102, the real-time feedback data of the pressure sensor in the pressurizing assembly 104 and the user interaction input and other information. The control unit is built-in with a multi-thread task scheduling mechanism for simultaneously executing multiple functional modules such as audio signal processing, pressure control, data storage, abnormality judgment and user interaction, thereby realizing stable and efficient operation of the system.

[0098] When the device is started, the control unit first obtains the required exercise mode and timing plan according to the user input or preset parameters. The exercise mode can include a preoperative dilation training mode, a new internal fistula maturation auxiliary mode or a postoperative recovery patency monitoring mode, etc., and different modes correspond to different pressurizing intensity, time period and response judgment logic. The control unit loads the related parameters accordingly, including the target pressure value, the pressurizing duration, the release time and the whole cycle frequency, and issues a start instruction to the pressurizing assembly to control it to execute periodic pressure loading and release.

[0099] During the pressurizing process, the control unit reads the output data of the pressure sensor in the pressurizing assembly in real time, forms a complete pressure-time curve, and monitors whether the pressurizing process is executed according to the expected parameters, whether there are problems such as overpressure, insufficient pressure or abnormal pressure maintenance, etc. Combined with the historical data, the control unit can also statistically analyze the amplitude, slope and lag of the pressure response, for evaluating the effect and compliance trend of the current blood vessel dilation.

[0100] Meanwhile, the control unit also continuously receives and processes the blood vessel sound signals acquired by the sound acquisition component. This signal usually contains the noise generated by blood vessel pulsation, and the information such as spectrum, rhythm, intensity, etc. of the noise is closely related to the patency of the blood vessel. After the control unit performs analog-to-digital conversion on the signal, it uses a filter to eliminate background noise and extracts characteristic parameters such as sound envelope, spectral peak, rhythm interval, etc., and then compares and analyzes the data with the healthy sample data collected in the early stage to determine whether the current blood vessel sound is in a normal state. For example, when the control unit identifies uneven pulsation interval, significant decrease in noise intensity, or disappearance of noise, it can automatically determine that the state is “abnormal patency”.

[0101] After detecting the above-mentioned abnormalities or risk trends, the control unit will immediately trigger a prompt mechanism. The prompt can be issued through a buzzer, a vibration motor, a status light on the host, or through a matching mobile terminal application, reminding the user to re-wear, adjust the exercise plan, or seek medical treatment as soon as possible. In addition, the control unit is also responsible for generating complete exercise records and monitoring data logs, including the start time of each exercise, the pressurization parameters, the blood vessel response data, the sound signal indicators, and the determination results, and temporarily storing these data in the local storage or uploading them to the remote server through the wireless communication module for remote analysis and intervention by doctors.

[0102] To further improve the individualized intervention capability, the control unit can also use adaptive algorithms or machine learning models to model the user's historical exercise effects and real-time responses, so as to dynamically adjust the exercise parameters, improve the exercise effects, and avoid excessive load. The software logic of the control unit uses modular design, which facilitates the addition of new functions or adjustment of evaluation models through firmware upgrade, so as to adapt to different user groups or clinical paths.

[0103] In summary, the control unit 105 not only realizes the organic integration of system functions, but also has blood vessel exercise and monitoring capabilities with high automation, intelligence, and individual adaptability through multiple means such as real-time control, dynamic monitoring, signal processing, and abnormality recognition.

[0104] Further, the control unit is specifically used for:

[0105] receiving the blood vessel sound signals acquired by the sound acquisition component, the contact pressure distribution of the wearing area detected by the pressure sensor, and the wearing angle information measured by the attitude sensor, and constructing a comprehensive evaluation model of the current wearing state based on the above-mentioned multi-source data;

[0106] by analyzing the time-frequency characteristics, pulsation amplitude, and signal-to-noise ratio changes of the blood vessel sound, combining the contact pressure map and the attitude angle, calculating the deviation index between the current wearing state and the ideal fitting posture preset by the system;

[0107] According to the deviation index, dynamically adjusting signal processing parameters, including gain compensation, filter curve optimization or spectrum window moving on the sound signal channel, to improve the usability of blood vessel sound signal under sub-ideal wearing conditions;

[0108] When the deviation index exceeds the set threshold, the control unit triggers the auxiliary wearing guidance program, starts the vibration feedback module to issue directional prompts, and can present graphical guidance in combination with the display screen or external terminal to prompt the user to correct the position;

[0109] Synchronously record the user's each adjustment behavior and its influence on signal quality improvement, form the mapping relationship between user behavior and sound quality, and optimize the subsequent feedback strategy accordingly, so that the guidance mode gradually adapts to the user's habits;

[0110] In the data processing process, a data credibility grading model is established, and the collected data is marked according to the wearing state quality index. High-level data is directly used for blood vessel function evaluation, medium-level data is used for trend reference, and low-level data is temporarily stored for internal training and system optimization;

[0111] When the control unit continuously detects that the wearing state deviation exceeds the set threshold and the adjustment is invalid, it automatically switches to a degraded fault-tolerant operation mode, and sends a remote assistance request through the paired mobile terminal, including the detected signal abnormality type and user response record, so that medical staff can implement remote intervention and guidance.

[0112] The control unit is not only responsible for the basic scheduling and function execution of the system, but also has the ability to comprehensively analyze and adaptively optimize the wearing state. In order to ensure the accuracy of blood vessel sound signal collection and the reliability of blood vessel function evaluation, the control unit can jointly acquire and fuse process the blood vessel sound signal collected by the sound collection component, the skin contact pressure distribution detected by the pressure sensor, and the wearing angle measured by the attitude sensor, thereby establishing a multi-dimensional evaluation model of the current wearing state.

[0113] In actual use, the position, angle and fit degree of the patient wearing the device may be offset, resulting in a decrease in sound quality or deviation of the collected results from the true blood vessel state. To solve this problem, the control unit first extracts the time-frequency features of the blood vessel sound signal, including the main frequency component, fluctuation envelope, pulsation amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio of the signal. At the same time, combined with the data from the pressure sensor, a skin contact pressure map is formed, from which it can be identified whether the contact area is uniform, whether there are gaps or insufficient pressure; combined with the spatial angle output by the attitude sensor, it is judged whether the rotation angle and wearing posture of the current device deviate from the set standard. The control unit integrates these data to calculate a wearing deviation index, which is used to quantify the gap between the current wearing state and the system's preset optimal fit state.

[0114] When the deviation index is within a reasonable range, the system performs adaptive parameter optimization in an automatic manner, such as increasing the gain of the sound signal to compensate for the sound source attenuation, fine-tuning the filter bandwidth to adapt to the spectrum characteristics after the offset, or adjusting the spectrum window position to focus on the effective pulsation information, so as to maximize the acquisition of useful signals under non-ideal wearing conditions. However, when the deviation index exceeds the threshold set by the system, it indicates that the fit between the device and the skin may seriously affect signal acquisition, at which point the control unit will actively start the auxiliary wearing guide program. The system can apply short and directional vibration feedback by controlling the vibration motor to prompt the user to fine-tune in a certain direction. At the same time, if the device is equipped with a display screen or used in conjunction with a mobile terminal, graphical prompt information such as arrow indicators or region highlights can be displayed on the screen to help the user accurately correct the wearing position.

[0115] During the entire guide and adjustment process, the control unit also records the user's response operation and the degree of signal quality improvement it brings in real time. These records constitute the mapping data between user behavior and sound acquisition results, which can be used to build personalized feedback strategies later. For example, for users who are responsive and efficient in adjustment, the system can reduce the prompt frequency; for users who are not sensitive to adjustment or repeatedly deviate, the feedback intensity and prompt clarity are gradually increased, so that the system guide logic adapts to individual behavior characteristics and improves interaction efficiency.

[0116] In addition, the control unit also manages all collected data in terms of reliability. Based on the analysis of the current wearing quality index, the system labels each piece of collected data with a level. High-level data indicates good collection conditions, clear and reliable signals, and is suitable for clinical judgment and vascular function assessment; medium-level data can be used for trend analysis and periodic fluctuation identification; while low-level data, although not suitable for diagnostic conclusions, can still be used as a data source for system internal algorithm training and model optimization, and is appropriately retained in the local cache for subsequent use.

[0117] When the system continuously detects that the wearing state is in a long-term unqualified state and the user fails to correct it after multiple guides, the control unit will automatically switch to a fault-tolerant running mode. In this mode, the system uses algorithms such as redundant parameter compensation, signal interpolation, and abnormality rejection to modify the low-quality signals collected to maintain the operation of the basic monitoring function. At the same time, the control unit will send a remote assistance request to the user's designated medical contact through the paired mobile terminal, which includes the type of abnormal signal currently detected, the user's feedback response process record, and the suggested preliminary analysis. The request can access a remote video channel through a dedicated platform, and medical personnel can provide real-time guidance to assist the user in re-completing the device wearing, thereby restoring the high-quality monitoring state.

[0118] Through the design and closed-loop control of the above complete process, the system can still maintain good monitoring ability in unstable wearing environment, improving the practicality and reliability of the system in home, outpatient and self-management scenarios.

[0119] Further, the control unit comprises a pressurization management module, which comprises a signal processing unit, a fusion evaluation unit, an adaptive adjustment unit and a data updating unit.

[0120] The signal processing unit performs wavelet transform and spectrogram analysis on the blood vessel sound signals output by the sound collection assembly, extracts acoustic features related to blood flow patency, including pulsatile rhythm, frequency band energy distribution, turbulent noise amplitude and morphological fluctuation;

[0121] The fusion evaluation unit is used to receive the acoustic features and perform correlation analysis in combination with the pressure response data fed back by the pressurization assembly, receive other physiological parameters including blood oxygen changes and skin temperature gradient, and form a dynamic comprehensive evaluation result about the blood vessel state;

[0122] The adaptive adjustment unit is used to grade the blood vessel state based on the training model according to the output result of the fusion evaluation unit, and automatically match the corresponding pressurization strategy, including adjusting the pressurization intensity, rhythm change, frequency parameter and action duration, to cope with the expansion demand under different blood vessel states;

[0123] The data updating unit is used to record the corresponding relationship between each pressurization parameter and blood vessel response during each exercise process, construct an individualized pressurization response model, continuously optimize the subsequent pressurization control logic as the data accumulates, and make the strategy more suitable for the individual blood vessel compliance evolution trend;

[0124] The control unit predicts the short-term change of the blood vessel state based on the individualized pressurization response model, dynamically adjusts the exercise plan, avoids blood vessel expansion damage caused by excessive exercise, or affects the patency maintenance due to insufficient exercise; when continuous deterioration of the blood vessel state is detected, the control unit generates a structured report including key analysis indicators and exercise logs, and uploads it to a medical management platform through a remote interface for medical staff to evaluate and adjust the subsequent exercise plan.

[0125] The control unit not only has basic data receiving and exercise control capabilities, but also further integrates a pressurization management module to realize deep recognition, precise modeling and dynamic adjustment of individualized pressurization scheme for the patient's blood vessel state. The function of this module is to build an intelligent closed-loop control framework based on sound signals, physiological feedback and historical response data, thereby improving the safety, effectiveness and individual adaptability of blood vessel exercise.

[0126] The pressurization management module internally comprises a signal processing unit, a fusion evaluation unit, an adaptive adjustment unit, and a data updating unit, and the units are connected through a data link to form a continuous information transmission and control flow.

[0127] The signal processing unit is responsible for processing the blood vessel sound signals obtained by the sound acquisition assembly. The sound signals reflect the fluid dynamics state in the blood vessel, and the characteristics usually include pulsation period, flow rate variation, noise level, and turbulence level. To fully extract these information, the signal processing unit performs time-frequency domain analysis on the signals through wavelet transform, and combines spectral analysis method to finely extract characteristic parameters such as energy distribution, frequency band variation, and pulsation rhythm of the blood flow sound. These parameters can reflect the patency, pulsation coordination, and the possibility of local stenosis or obstruction of the blood vessel.

[0128] The fusion evaluation unit receives the above-mentioned acoustic characteristics, and simultaneously collects the pressure response data fed back by the pressurization assembly, including deformation delay after local pressurization, maximum expansion amplitude, rebound speed, and the like. In some embodiments, the unit can also receive data obtained by other physiological sensors integrated in the system, such as the variation of blood oxygen saturation during exercise, the time sequence variation curve of local skin temperature, and the like. These information collectively reflect the state of the blood vessel and the surrounding tissue during exercise. The fusion evaluation unit cooperatively analyzes the above-mentioned multi-source data to form a dynamic comprehensive evaluation result about the current blood vessel health level, and outputs blood vessel state identification or score information for guiding subsequent decision-making.

[0129] The adaptive adjustment unit, on the basis of obtaining the current blood vessel state, calls the trained blood vessel state model to grade or classify the state. For example, when the evaluation result shows that the current blood vessel is in a mild compliance decline stage, the adaptive adjustment unit will automatically select a medium-intensity fluctuation type pressurization strategy suitable for this state; and when the state tends to be stable or the patency is good, a high peak value short cycle pressurization scheme is matched to improve the training efficiency. The system can flexibly adjust the output parameters of each pressurization unit, including pressure setting value, loading rate, pressurization time, and release interval. Such matching not only ensures that the blood vessel is physically stimulated within a safe range, but also meets the training goals at different stages, such as initial expansion, mature stability, or maintenance of patency.

[0130] The data updating unit is responsible for recording the correspondence between the complete pressurization scheme and the blood vessel response during each exercise process. The input and feedback information of each pressurization cycle are regarded as a data sample, and the system constructs a user-specific individualized pressurization response model by accumulating these samples. As the exercise data accumulates, the system continuously fine-tunes the model through a strategy optimization mechanism, such as through gradient descent, adaptive filtering, or reinforcement learning, to gradually improve the prediction accuracy of the model on future blood vessel responses. In practical applications, this model will replace the general strategy and become the basis for the system to adaptively adjust the exercise plan.

[0131] After the model is established and stable, the control unit will have the ability to predict the trend of blood vessel state changes. Through short-term time series analysis, the system can identify whether the patient's current blood vessel patency is improving, maintaining, or deteriorating, and adjust key parameters such as exercise frequency, total daily compression time, or pressure upper limit accordingly, to avoid blood vessel damage from excessive exercise or functional decline due to insufficient stimulation. When the system continuously detects a decline in blood vessel state indicators and cannot be effectively restored through parameter adjustment, the control unit will automatically generate an exercise effect analysis report, which includes key acoustic parameter trend graphs, compression response curves, evaluation conclusions, and recommended measures, and upload it to the medical monitoring platform or doctor terminal through the system's remote communication interface. Medical personnel can intervene remotely based on the report, make adjustment recommendations, or arrange necessary clinical examinations, achieving a closed-loop collaboration between patient home exercise and real-time monitoring by doctors.

[0132] Through the above structure and logic flow, the control unit provided by the present application not only realizes basic exercise control, but also has advanced capabilities such as blood vessel function state perception, intelligent analysis, adaptive strategy decision, and doctor-patient interaction, suitable for self-management scenarios for long-term maintenance of internal fistula patency in hemodialysis patients.

[0133] Furthermore, the intravenous fistula blood vessel sound amplification and compression exercise monitoring integrated system further includes a blood vessel patency evaluation mechanism based on multi-source signal fusion, the multi-source signals including a pressure-time response curve during compression, an acoustic wave envelope feature curve obtained by the sound acquisition assembly, and a user wearing angle change signal, the blood vessel patency evaluation mechanism judging whether the current collected data meets the effective evaluation condition, and pausing the evaluation process and issuing a re-wearing prompt when the judgment condition is not met.

[0134] In the intravenous fistula blood vessel sound amplification and compression exercise monitoring integrated system provided in the embodiment, in order to improve the accuracy and robustness of blood vessel patency monitoring, the system further includes a blood vessel patency evaluation mechanism based on multi-source signal fusion. The core of the design of this mechanism is to obtain real-time data from multiple different physical dimensions at the same time, to comprehensively judge the effectiveness and evaluation conditions of the current collection process, to avoid misjudgment caused by wearing deviation, signal loss or interference, and to improve the overall monitoring quality and system intelligence level.

[0135] The signals relied on by the multi-source signal fusion evaluation mechanism mainly include three aspects. First, the pressure-time response curve during the pressurization process. This data is collected by the pressurization component in real time during the execution of pressurization and release operations, reflecting the dilation and contraction ability of the blood vessel under external mechanical stimulation. For example, during the pressure loading stage, the system records the time node and corresponding pressure value of the applied pressure, and combines the pressure sensor feedback information to draw a continuous pressure rise, stabilization, and release process. If the blood vessel has good compliance, there is a stable relationship between pressure rise and expansion response, otherwise it may exhibit hysteresis, pressure drift, or abnormal flatness.

[0136] Second, the sound envelope feature curve collected by the sound collection component. This curve is usually obtained by filtering and amplitude normalization of the original blood vessel sound signal by the control unit, indicating the change trend of the sound pressure generated by blood flow pulsation in unit time. The envelope feature in a patent blood vessel is characterized by clear periodicity, uniform waveform, and high signal-to-noise ratio; when there is a stenosis, fistula blockage, or other abnormal conditions, the envelope curve may exhibit abnormal fluctuations, intermittent absence, or overall amplitude drop. Therefore, this curve has high sensitivity in evaluating the patency of the blood vessel.

[0137] The third type of signal is the user wearing angle change signal, which is usually obtained by the inertial sensor (such as a three-axis accelerometer, gyroscope, or attitude detection unit) built into the host device. The introduction of this type of signal is mainly used to judge whether the device wearing position and attitude accurately cover the fistula area. Because improper wearing angle (for example, the device deviates from the center of the blood vessel, rotates too much, or is loosely attached) will cause the blood vessel sound signal to weaken and the pressure loading to deviate, resulting in distorted evaluation results. Therefore, incorporating the attitude angle signal together with the pressure and sound signals into the judgment conditions can significantly enhance the reliability of the evaluation mechanism.

[0138] During system operation, the multi-source signal fusion mechanism will perform coordinated analysis on the above three types of data. The control unit sets a number of judgment rules or model thresholds, such as whether the pressure response slope is within a reasonable range, whether the sound envelope period is continuous, and whether the wearing angle is within the allowed error range, etc. Once one or more indicators do not meet the pre-set evaluation conditions, the system will consider the current data invalid. At this time, the evaluation process will be automatically paused and immediately prompt the user to re-wear or adjust the attitude through the loudspeaker, vibration prompt, or mobile terminal push, etc., to avoid continuing to collect incorrect data.

[0139] This mechanism can be implemented through software algorithms, and a fusion judgment logic module can be provided in the control unit, or a simple machine learning model can be used for dynamic judgment. For example, during multiple uses, the system can establish an individual normal signal pattern for the user, and automatically identify and respond when the actual data deviates from the model.

[0140] Through the above design, the multi-source signal fusion blood vessel patency evaluation mechanism significantly improves the objectivity and stability of monitoring, is particularly suitable for daily wearing in a home environment, helps long-term follow-up of blood vessel health status of patients, and can provide a reliable auxiliary decision basis for doctors.

[0141] Further, a sound signal dynamic modulation path is arranged between the sound amplification assembly and the sound collection assembly, and the sound signal dynamic modulation path comprises:

[0142] a spectrum analysis unit, an input end of which is connected to an output end of the sound collection assembly, for decomposing the blood vessel sound electrical signal into a plurality of frequency components and extracting energy distribution and time domain envelope features of each frequency band in real time;

[0143] a state determination module, which receives the spectrum and envelope feature data output by the spectrum analysis unit, compares based on an embedded blood vessel sound mode model, determines that the current blood flow state belongs to one of normal, pulsation intermittent abnormality or high frequency abnormality, and outputs a corresponding state identification signal;

[0144] a sound processor, which receives the state identification signal and the original electrical signal output by the sound collection assembly, and selectively performs signal enhancement processing according to the determination result, specifically including: when detecting a normal state, applying smoothing filtering and dynamic compression to the signal; and when detecting an abnormal state, enhancing the abnormal frequency band to improve the recognition degree;

[0145] a prompt tone generator, which is connected with the sound processor, selects a prompt tone template matched with the abnormal type according to the state identification signal when detecting an abnormal state, and mixes the processed signal in real time to generate a composite audio signal with warning properties;

[0146] a volume control unit, which is connected to an output end of the prompt tone generator and is configured to automatically adjust the volume according to the state identification signal and the current running time of the system, gradually reduce the volume to a user-set comfortable level in a normal state, and quickly increase to a warning level and maintain output stability in an abnormal state;

[0147] The output signal of the volume control unit is directly transmitted to the sound amplification assembly for external output;

[0148] The state determination module is also in communication connection with the control unit, for transmitting the blood flow state identification to the control unit in real time, the control unit records the blood vessel patency change history according to the blood flow state identification, and automatically triggers user prompts or related coping strategies when a continuous abnormal state occurs.

[0149] To improve the recognition efficiency and clinical indication value of the vascular sound signal, a sound signal processing path with dynamic modulation capability is introduced between the sound amplification assembly and the sound collection assembly. The sound signal dynamic modulation path, through a series of mutually coupled audio processing modules, performs targeted analysis, recognition, enhancement and prompt control on the vascular sound signal before it is transmitted to the sound amplification assembly for externalization, thereby realizing accurate identification and hierarchical prompt of the internal fistula vascular sound state, and enhancing the practicality and intelligent interaction capability of the system.

[0150] The sound signal dynamic modulation path is first composed of a spectrum analysis unit, whose input end is directly connected to the output end of the sound collection assembly, for receiving the vascular sound electrical signal collected and converted by the sound collection assembly. The spectrum analysis unit performs fast Fourier transform or other time-frequency analysis operations on the signal, decomposes the original signal into multiple preset frequency bands, such as low frequency band (20-200 Hz), medium frequency band (200-800 Hz) and high frequency band (above 800 Hz), and extracts real-time characteristic parameters such as energy distribution, envelope change and waveform rhythm of each frequency band. These parameters constitute the frequency spectrum profile of the blood flow signal and are the basis for subsequent judgment of the vascular patency state.

[0151] The spectrum analysis result is transmitted to the state determination module, which has multiple sets of vascular sound characteristic mode models preset inside, including normal pulsation state, pulsation intermittent abnormal state (such as pulsation disappearance or interruption) and high frequency abnormal state (such as abnormal turbulent flow or stenosis noise). The state determination module uses rule matching, dynamic threshold comparison or pattern recognition algorithm based on time window to compare the current spectrum with the standard model, identify whether the currently collected vascular sound deviates from the normal reference, and output the corresponding state identification signal accordingly. This signal is not only used for subsequent sound processing, but also as a real-time judgment result in the blood flow monitoring process to be transmitted to the control unit for recording the disease evolution and triggering further intervention measures.

[0152] After receiving the output signal of the state determination module, the sound processor selectively processes the original audio signal according to the state identification. When the current blood flow state is determined to be normal, the sound processor applies band-pass filtering and dynamic compression processing to the signal to smooth the output and reduce background noise, so that the user can clearly hear the soft, continuous and rhythmic vascular pulsation sound. When the detection is abnormal, the sound processor performs targeted frequency band enhancement processing, such as high-pass gain amplification of high frequency abnormal signal, or retains the rhythm mutation characteristics of pulsation intermittent abnormal signal, so that the abnormality is more easily perceived and recognized by the user.

[0153] To further enhance the user's awareness of the abnormal state, the prompt tone generator is connected with the sound processor and activated when the abnormal state is detected. The prompt tone generator has multiple prompt tone templates built-in, each corresponding to a common abnormal type, such as a continuous low-frequency warning tone for pulsation interruption, a high-frequency warning sound for high-frequency turbulence, etc. The module mixes the selected prompt tone with the blood vessel sound processed by the sound processor in real time to form a composite audio signal with recognition and directionality, so that the user can not only hear the abnormal sound itself, but also perceive its severity or category.

[0154] The generated composite audio signal is further transmitted to the volume control unit. This unit not only adjusts the basic volume according to the current state output by the state determination module, but also gradually adjusts the volume in combination with the current running time of the system and the user's hearing preferences. When the state is detected as normal, the volume control unit can gradually reduce the volume output to the comfort threshold to reduce auditory fatigue caused by long-term listening; while in the abnormal state, the volume control unit will quickly increase the output volume to the warning level and maintain it stably, ensuring that the user can perceive potential problems in the first time.

[0155] Finally, the output signal of the volume control unit is directly transmitted to the sound amplification component via wired or wireless means for external playback, ensuring that the processed blood vessel sound can be clearly transmitted to the user or medical staff to assist them in judging the current blood vessel state. At the same time, the state determination module also communicates with the system control unit through the data bus or communication interface, and transmits the determination result as part of the data record into the central data storage or log system. The control unit can form a complete history of blood vessel patency changes based on this information, and automatically trigger response strategies such as vibration reminders, visual prompts, remote alarms, or recommended treatment prompts when persistent abnormal states are detected.

[0156] Through the above structure, the sound signal dynamic modulation path realizes the whole process closed-loop logic from signal acquisition, spectrum analysis, state recognition, audio processing, prompt generation to intelligent control, ensuring that the medical significance of sound information can be fully released, and improving the patient's perception of abnormal conditions.

[0157] Furthermore, the intravenous fistula blood vessel sound amplification and pressure exercise monitoring integrated system further comprises a blood vessel voiceprint recognition module, which is used for:

[0158] By extracting the acoustic characteristics of blood flow sound frequency distribution, time domain waveform, harmonic structure, and pulsation rhythm, a user-specific blood vessel voiceprint template is formed; the voiceprint template is updated and optimized based on samples collected at multiple time points and different exercise stages, enhancing its adaptability to physiological fluctuations;

[0159] The current collected blood vessel sound signal is pre-processed and dynamically matched with the voiceprint template, and a voiceprint deviation vector is calculated to reflect the similarity change between the current signal and the existing template; the deviation vector is used to identify the voiceprint change trend, including rhythm deviation, abnormal enhancement of high frequency or pulsation instability, etc.

[0160] According to the deviation type and amplitude, it is judged whether the current acoustic change belongs to the periodical physiological adjustment or the possible pathological change, and a state identification signal is generated and sent to the control unit;

[0161] The control unit dynamically adjusts the parameter setting of the pressurizing assembly according to the state identification result, including reducing the pressurizing strength, shortening the pressurizing duration or prolonging the recovery interval, and combining the previous data to determine whether to trigger a remote alarm or suggest a medical review.

[0162] The blood vessel voiceprint recognition module is used for feature modeling and state recognition of the blood vessel sound signal of a patient individual, so as to realize higher precision of blood vessel health monitoring and more targeted exercise intervention. The module is based on the original blood vessel sound signal obtained by the sound acquisition assembly, and through deep analysis and individual modeling of the sound signal, key acoustic parameters reflecting the blood vessel pulsation characteristics and hemodynamic changes are extracted, and a voiceprint discrimination mechanism for identifying blood vessel state abnormalities is established.

[0163] In a specific implementation, the blood vessel voiceprint recognition module first extracts various acoustic features from the continuously collected blood vessel sound signal, including but not limited to main frequency distribution, harmonic structure, signal waveform change mode in time domain, pulsation cycle rhythm, peak amplitude and duration, background noise interference intensity, etc. These parameters collectively reflect the acoustic performance of the blood vessels of a patient individual in a normal state, and have high physiological consistency. Through sampling at different time points in multiple exercise processes, the system can establish a representative individualized voiceprint template. The template is fused by algorithm, which can adaptively adjust its matching tolerance range, so as to effectively distinguish short-term fluctuations caused by natural physiological rhythm changes from abnormal pathological signals.

[0164] In the subsequent system operation process, the current blood vessel sound signal collected each time will be subjected to standardized preprocessing operations, including denoising, amplitude normalization, filtering and time window segmentation, etc., and then compared with the previously established voiceprint template in real time. The matching process not only calculates the similarity, but also generates a set of voiceprint deviation vectors, which are used to describe the change trend and deviation amplitude of the current signal in key feature parameters. For example, when the system detects irregular changes in pulsation rhythm, significant enhancement of high frequency components in the originally stable harmonic structure, or disappearance of signal periodicity, etc., the system can determine that the current voiceprint has potential abnormalities.

[0165] To avoid false positives and improve diagnostic value, the vascular voiceprint recognition module analyzes the feature type and amplitude of the deviation vector, and determines whether the current deviation is a physiological fluctuation or a possible pathological change based on previous data. For example, a slight frequency deviation may only be a fluctuation caused by body position change, temporary activity, or environmental temperature, while persistent rhythm instability and significant enhancement of high-frequency noise may indicate problems such as internal fistula channel stenosis, blood flow obstruction, or anastomotic function decline.

[0166] When a suspicious pathological change is identified, the module will generate a status identification signal that structurally marks the deviation direction, feature type, and severity level, and transmit it in real time to the control unit. After receiving the identification signal, the control unit will adjust the compression strategy accordingly based on the identification type. For example, if the system determines that the current vascular state is unstable, the control unit can actively reduce the compression intensity of the next cycle, shorten the compression duration, or extend the recovery interval between each compression to avoid further stimulation or damage to the abnormal blood vessels.

[0167] In addition, the control unit can also compare the current voiceprint analysis results with historical data. When it detects that multiple consecutive exercise cycles have shown a deviation trend and the deviation level is gradually increasing, the system will consider that there is a high risk of pathology and automatically trigger a remote medical prompt mechanism. This mechanism can upload the vascular audio samples, voiceprint deviation analysis report, and exercise history curve to the medical staff for remote evaluation through a mobile terminal or cloud platform, prompting the user to seek medical attention or undergo ultrasound and other auxiliary examinations, thereby improving the identification rate of early internal fistula stenosis, functional decline, and other complications.

[0168] In summary, the vascular voiceprint recognition module improves the sensitivity and reliability of the system in detecting changes in vascular status through acoustic feature extraction, individual template establishment, deviation recognition, and abnormal classification. It also makes the compression exercise process more individualized and clinically safe.

[0169] Although the above-mentioned preferred embodiments of the present application are disclosed, the present application is not intended to be limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make possible changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be defined by the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. An integrated system for amplifying vascular sounds and monitoring pressure during arteriovenous fistula exercise, characterized in that, The wearable host device is used for wearing on the forearm of a patient and is positioned above an internal fistula blood vessel. A sound collecting assembly is configured to detect a blood vessel sound signal generated by the internal fistula blood vessel of the patient and convert the blood vessel sound signal into an electrical signal. An amplification assembly is used for amplifying the blood vessel sound signal obtained by the sound collecting assembly and outputting the same to the outside to realize auditory monitoring of the patency of the internal fistula blood vessel. A pressurizing assembly is configured to apply pressure to the wearing site for a set period of time to guide the expansion of the internal fistula blood vessel. A control unit is used for obtaining an exercise mode and timing parameters selected by a user, and driving the pressurizing assembly to implement pressure loading and release under the control of the obtained user data. The pressure change and blood vessel expansion response in the pressurizing process are monitored, the exercise effect and blood vessel patency status are judged based on the monitored data, and a prompt information is issued when an abnormality occurs. The sound signal of the sound collecting assembly is processed and analyzed to judge the characteristic change of the blood vessel sound, and feedback information related to the state of the blood vessel is output. The control unit is specifically used for: receiving the blood vessel sound signal collected by the sound collecting assembly, the contact pressure distribution of the wearing area detected by the pressure sensor, and the wearing angle information measured by the attitude sensor, and constructing a comprehensive evaluation model of the current wearing state based on the above multi-source data; analyzing the time-frequency characteristics, pulsation amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio change of the blood vessel sound, combining the contact pressure map and the attitude angle, and calculating the deviation index between the current wearing state and the ideal fitting posture preset by the system; adjusting the signal processing parameters dynamically according to the deviation index, including gain compensation, filter curve optimization or spectrum window movement of the sound collecting signal channel; when the deviation index exceeds a set threshold, the control unit triggers an auxiliary wearing guide program, starts a directional prompt of the vibration feedback module, and can present a graphical guide in combination with a display screen or an external terminal to prompt the user to correct the position; synchronously recording the adjustment behavior of the user and its influence on the improvement of the signal quality to form a mapping relationship between the user behavior and the sound collecting quality; when the control unit continuously detects that the wearing state deviation exceeds the set threshold and the adjustment is invalid, it automatically switches to a degraded fault-tolerant operation mode, and sends a remote assistance request through a paired mobile terminal, including the detected signal abnormality type and the user response record, so that medical staff can implement remote intervention and guidance.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The wearable host device comprises: an elastic fixing band for stably wearing the host device on the forearm of a patient; a positioning mark area provided on the bottom surface of the host device, having a visual auxiliary mark, and used for guiding the user to accurately position the device above the internal fistula blood vessel; an acoustic coupling layer provided on the skin contact surface of the host device, made of soft silicone material, and used for enhancing the sound transmission efficiency between the sound collecting assembly and the skin and reducing environmental noise interference; an anti-slip stabilizing structure provided on the bottom edge of the host device and used for preventing displacement of the device during exercise; an adjusting mechanism used for adjusting the tightness of the fixing band according to the circumference of the forearm of the patient to realize universal wearing of different body types of patients, while ensuring that the pressurizing assembly can apply appropriate pressure.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The sound signal dynamic modulation channel is arranged between the sound amplification assembly and the sound collection assembly, and comprises: a spectrum analysis unit, an input end of which is connected to an output end of the sound collection assembly, for decomposing the blood vessel sound electrical signal into a plurality of frequency components, and extracting energy distribution and time domain envelope features of each frequency band in real time; a state determination module, which receives the spectrum and envelope feature data output by the spectrum analysis unit, and compares based on a built-in blood vessel sound mode model to determine that the current blood flow state belongs to one of normal, pulsation intermittent abnormality, and high frequency abnormality, and outputs a corresponding state identification signal; a sound processor, which receives the state identification signal and the original electrical signal output by the sound collection assembly, and selectively performs signal enhancement processing according to the determination result, specifically including: when detecting a normal state, applying smoothing filtering and dynamic compression to the signal; and when detecting an abnormal state, enhancing the abnormal frequency band to improve the recognition degree; a prompt tone generator, which is connected with the sound processor, and selects a prompt tone template matched with the abnormal type according to the state identification signal when detecting an abnormal state, and mixes the processed signal in real time to generate a composite audio signal with warning properties; a volume control unit, which is connected to an output end of the prompt tone generator, and is configured to automatically adjust the volume according to the state identification signal and the current running time of the system, gradually reducing the volume to a user-set comfortable level in a normal state, and quickly increasing to a warning level and maintaining output stability in an abnormal state; the output signal of the volume control unit is directly transmitted to the sound amplification assembly for external output; wherein the state determination module is also in communication connection with a control unit, for transmitting the blood flow state identification to the control unit in real time, and the control unit records the blood vessel patency change history according to the blood flow state identification, and automatically triggers a user prompt when a continuous abnormal state occurs.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The pressurizing assembly comprises an intelligent feedback system, which comprises: a plurality of independently controlled elastic pressurizing units arranged around the wearing area, for respectively applying local pressurization according to control instructions, and the output pressure of each pressurizing unit can be adjusted in real time; a blood vessel response sensing device for collecting the pulsation intensity, deformation response and expansion trend of the local blood vessel area during the pressurization process, and the output signal of the blood vessel response sensing device is transmitted to the control unit for subsequent modeling and regulation; a vein elasticity modeling module for constructing an individualized blood vessel compliance model based on the pressure response data in a plurality of exercise cycles, and the blood vessel compliance model is used to predict the blood vessel expansion result under different pressurization conditions; an adaptive pressurization adjustment module for generating pressurization parameters of the next cycle according to the blood vessel compliance model and real-time feedback data, including the pressure set value and action duration of each pressurizing unit, and adjusting the parameters in real time according to the actual response during the pressurization process.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a pressure cuff. Further comprising a blood vessel voiceprint recognition module, which is used for: forming a user-specific blood vessel voiceprint template by extracting acoustic characteristics of blood flow sound, including frequency distribution, time domain waveform, harmonic structure and pulsation rhythm; The voiceprint template is updated and optimized according to samples collected at multiple time points and different exercise stages, and the adaptability to physiological fluctuations is enhanced; The current collected blood vessel sound signal is dynamically matched with the voiceprint template after pre-processing, and a voiceprint deviation vector is calculated to reflect the similarity change between the current signal and the existing template; the deviation vector is used to identify the voiceprint change trend, including rhythm deviation, abnormal enhancement of high frequency or pulsation instability; According to the deviation type and amplitude, it is judged whether the current acoustic change belongs to the physiological adjustment of the period or the pathological change, and a state identification signal is generated and sent to the control unit; The control unit dynamically adjusts the parameter setting of the pressurizing assembly according to the state identification result, including reducing the pressurizing strength, shortening the pressurizing duration or prolonging the recovery interval, and combining with the previous data to judge whether it is necessary to trigger remote alarm or suggest medical review.

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