Novel biliary tract brushing detection method and device combining spiral sampling with tail end negative pressure suction

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical apparatuses and instruments, and discloses a novel spiral sampling and tail end negative pressure suction combined biliary tract brushing examination device which comprises a choledochoscope body, a spiral sampling assembly and a tail end negative pressure suction assembly. A connecting block is welded to the left end of the optical imaging shell, a working channel is welded to the end, away from the optical imaging shell, of the connecting block, an operating handle is fixedly installed at the end, away from the connecting block, of the optical imaging shell, and an image display screen is installed at the top of the optical imaging shell. According to the novel spiral sampling and tail end negative pressure suction combined biliary tract brushing detection method and device, visual observation and accurate control of the interior of the biliary tract are achieved through an optical imaging system, an operating handle and an image display screen of a choledochoscope body; adjusting, locking and rotating of the spiral sampling assembly and the connecting assembly work cooperatively, the position of a spiral sampling head can be flexibly adjusted, and stable and efficient sampling can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and specifically to a new bile duct brushing method and device combining spiral sampling and end negative pressure suction. Background Art

[0002] The bile duct brushing device combining spiral sampling and end negative pressure suction plays a crucial role in the medical scenario and is a powerful tool to assist doctors in accurately diagnosing bile duct diseases.

[0003] Traditional bile duct brushing tools mostly adopt a simple brush head design, and their contact method with the diseased tissue is relatively single; when facing complex bile duct lesions, it is difficult for a simple brush head to penetrate deep into the diseased tissue; for example, when there is a neoplastic lesion in the bile duct, the tumor tissue may present an irregular growth pattern, and some diseased areas may be hidden in the folds of the bile duct wall or deep tissues; a simple brush head can only scrape a small amount of tissue on the surface of the lesion and cannot obtain representative deep diseased cells, resulting in the one-sidedness of sampling and seriously affecting the accuracy of subsequent pathological diagnosis; the traditional sample collection method lacks effective auxiliary means; after brushing the diseased tissue sample, the sample often relies on natural gravity or manual flushing for collection, which is not only inefficient but also prone to sample residue in the bile duct; due to the presence of liquids such as bile in the bile duct, the sample is extremely vulnerable to dilution and flushing during the residue process, reducing the number of diseased cells in the sample and also affecting the cell activity.

[0004] Therefore, with the continuous development of medical technology and the increasing requirement for the diagnostic accuracy of bile duct diseases, it is urgent to develop more advanced bile duct brushing devices, and the integration of spiral sampling and end negative pressure suction technology was born to address these challenges. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (1) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0006] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a new bile duct brushing method and device combining spiral sampling and end negative pressure suction, which has the advantages of convenient use, etc., and solves the problems that when there is a neoplastic lesion in the bile duct, the tumor tissue may present an irregular growth pattern, and some diseased areas may be hidden in the folds of the bile duct wall or deep tissues; a simple brush head can only scrape a small amount of tissue on the surface of the lesion and cannot obtain representative deep diseased cells, resulting in the one-sidedness of sampling and seriously affecting the accuracy of subsequent pathological diagnosis.

[0007] (2) Technical Solutions

[0008] To achieve the above purpose of convenient use, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a new type of biliary tract brushing device combining spiral sampling and end negative pressure suction, comprising a choledochoscope main body, a spiral sampling component, and an end negative pressure suction component;

[0009] The choledochoscope main body includes an optical imaging housing located inside the choledochoscope main body. A connecting block is welded to the left end of the optical imaging housing. One end of the connecting block away from the optical imaging housing is welded with a working channel. An operation handle is fixedly installed at the end of the optical imaging housing away from the connecting block. An image display screen is installed on the top of the optical imaging housing;

[0010] The spiral sampling component includes a spiral sampling head installed inside the working channel. An adjusting component, a locking component, a rotating component, and a connecting component are arranged inside the working channel;

[0011] The end negative pressure suction component includes a vacuum pump installed on the surface of the optical imaging housing. One end of the vacuum pump is welded with a connecting pipe. One end of the connecting pipe away from the vacuum pump is welded with a connecting head. The end of the connecting head away from the connecting pipe is threadedly connected with a collection cylinder. An insertion block is welded to the end of the vacuum pump away from the connecting pipe. An aspiration pipeline is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the working channel. A fixed cylinder is fixedly installed at one end of the aspiration pipeline close to the insertion block. A clamp is fixedly installed on the surface of the fixed cylinder. A filter screen is fixedly installed inside the spiral sampling head.

[0012] Preferably, the adjusting component includes a motor fixedly installed inside the working channel. A threaded cylinder is welded at the output shaft of the motor. A threaded rod is threadedly connected inside the threaded cylinder. A slider is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the threaded rod;

[0013] The locking component includes a connecting cylinder fixedly installed on the surface of the threaded rod. A group of reset springs are fixedly installed on both the left and right sides of the connecting cylinder. One side of the two groups of reset springs facing away from each other is fixedly installed with a pressing plate;

[0014] The rotating component includes a micro motor fixedly installed in the inner cavity at the bottom of the threaded rod. A turntable is fixedly installed at the output shaft of the micro motor. A connecting block is movably installed at the bottom of the turntable;

[0015] The connecting component includes two insertion blocks fixedly installed on the top of the connecting block. Tightening bolts are threadedly connected inside both the left and right sides of the turntable.

[0016] Preferably, an optical imaging system is fixedly installed inside the optical imaging housing. A battery is fixedly installed inside the operation handle. Control buttons are fixedly installed on the surface of the operation handle.

[0017] Preferably, a thread groove adapted to the threaded rod is formed inside the threaded cylinder. The slider is slidably connected to the inner wall of the working channel. Both of the pressing plates are designed as arc-shaped plates, and one side of each of the two pressing plates facing away from each other is slidably connected to the inner wall of the working channel.

[0018] Preferably, insertion holes adapted to the two insertion blocks are formed inside the turntable, and the two insertion blocks are inserted into the insertion holes. One side of each of the two fastening bolts facing each other extends into the insertion block.

[0019] Preferably, one end of the spiral sampling head extends into the working channel. One end of the suction pipe is fixedly connected to the turntable through a rotary joint, and one end of the suction pipe extends into the turntable and communicates with the rotary sampling head.

[0020] Preferably, mounting holes are formed on the surface of the optical imaging housing. The surface of the vacuum pump is threadedly connected to the mounting holes, and the insertion block extends into the fixed cylinder and the two are fixed through a clamp.

[0021] Preferably, the collection cylinder is made of a transparent plastic cup, and scale lines are provided on the surface of the collection cylinder. The spiral sampling head, the suction pipe, the vacuum pump, the connecting pipe and the collection cylinder communicate with each other.

[0022] A novel biliary tract brushing method combining spiral sampling with end negative pressure suction includes the following steps:

[0023] S1. The patient undergoes preoperative preparation, fasts for 6 - 8 hours, establishes an intravenous channel for fluid replacement, and selects an appropriate anesthesia method according to the patient's condition, such as general anesthesia or local anesthesia;

[0024] S2: Check whether each component of the biliary tract brushing device combining novel spiral sampling with end negative pressure suction is in good condition, including the choledochoscope body, the spiral sampling component, the end negative pressure suction component, etc., ensure that functions of the optical imaging system, the operation handle, the control button, the vacuum pump, etc. are normal, and at the same time check whether the suction pipe and the collection cylinder are clean and unblocked;

[0025] S3: Insert the equipped choledochoscope into the patient's mouth, slowly pass through the esophagus and stomach in sequence, enter the duodenum, and finally reach the biliary tract. During the process, accurately adjust the position and angle of the choledochoscope through the operation handle, and observe the internal image of the biliary tract on the image display screen in real time;

[0026] S4: After the choledochoscope reaches the target lesion site, turn on the adjustment component of the spiral sampling component, start the motor, rotate the threaded cylinder, drive the threaded rod to move axially, and adjust the extension length of the spiral sampling head in the working channel until the spiral sampling head approaches the diseased tissue;

[0027] S5: Activate the rotating component of the spiral sampling assembly. The micro-motor drives the turntable to rotate, thereby driving the spiral sampling head to start rotating. At the same time, start the vacuum pump of the tail-end negative pressure suction assembly to create a negative pressure environment at the spiral sampling head through the suction pipeline, and start spiral sampling and synchronously suck the scraped tissue samples into the collection cylinder to complete the sampling.

[0028] (III) Advantageous Effects

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a novel bile duct brushing method and device combining spiral sampling and tail-end negative pressure suction, having the following advantageous effects:

[0030] 1. For the novel bile duct brushing method and device combining spiral sampling and tail-end negative pressure suction, visual observation and precise control of the interior of the bile duct are realized through the optical imaging system, operating handle and image display screen of the bile duct endoscope body; the adjustment, locking, rotation and connection components of the spiral sampling assembly work together, enabling flexible adjustment of the position of the spiral sampling head and stable and efficient sampling; the tail-end negative pressure suction assembly timely sucks the sample into the collection cylinder with the help of the vacuum pump, and each component works closely together, greatly improving the operation accuracy and efficiency of bile duct brushing.

[0031] 2. For the novel bile duct brushing method and device combining spiral sampling and tail-end negative pressure suction, the working channel and the spiral sampling head are made of medical stainless steel, having good biocompatibility and being able to safely contact human tissues; the collection cylinder is made of a transparent plastic cup with scale lines, which is convenient for viewing the sample and can assist in judging the sample volume. At the same time, each component can be disassembled, facilitating disinfection and cleaning, effectively ensuring the safety and hygiene during the use of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the bile duct brushing device of the present invention combining novel spiral sampling and tail-end negative pressure suction;

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic structure diagram of the bile duct brushing device of the present invention combining novel spiral sampling and tail-end negative pressure suction;

[0034] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the bile duct endoscope body and the tail-end negative pressure suction assembly of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the working channel of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 is an exploded view of the structure of the bile duct brushing device of the present invention combining novel spiral sampling and tail-end negative pressure suction;

[0037] Figure 6 is an exploded view of the structure of the rotating component and the connection component of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 1. Choledochoscope main body; 101. Optical imaging housing; 102. Connecting block; 103. Working channel; 104. Operating handle; 105. Image display screen;

[0039] 2. Spiral sampling assembly; 201. Spiral sampling head; 21. Adjusting assembly; 22. Locking assembly; 23. Rotating assembly; 24. Connecting assembly;

[0040] 211. Motor; 212. Threaded cylinder; 213. Threaded rod; 214. Slide block;

[0041] 221. Connecting cylinder; 222. Return spring; 223. Extrusion plate;

[0042] 231. Micro motor; 232. Turntable; 233. Connecting block;

[0043] 241. Insert block; 242. Fastening bolt;

[0044] 3. Tail-end negative pressure suction assembly; 301. Vacuum pump; 302. Connecting pipe; 303. Connector; 304. Collection cylinder; 305. Insertion block; 306. Suction pipeline; 307. Fixed cylinder; 308. Clamp; 309. Filter screen;

[0045] 4. Battery; 5. Control button. Specific embodiments

[0046] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0047] Embodiment 1

[0048] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 A novel choledochoscope brushing and sampling device combining spiral sampling and tail-end negative pressure suction, comprising a choledochoscope main body 1, a spiral sampling assembly 2 and a tail-end negative pressure suction assembly 3.

[0049] In this embodiment, the novel choledochoscope brushing and sampling device combining spiral sampling and tail-end negative pressure suction is composed of a choledochoscope main body 1, a spiral sampling assembly 2 and a tail-end negative pressure suction assembly 3. Each assembly closely cooperates to jointly serve the diagnosis of biliary tract diseases.

[0050] The choledochoscope main body 1 includes an optical imaging housing 101 located inside the choledochoscope main body 1. A connecting block 102 is welded to the left end of the optical imaging housing 101. A working channel 103 is welded to the end of the connecting block 102 away from the optical imaging housing 101. An operating handle 104 is fixedly installed at the end of the optical imaging housing 101 away from the connecting block 102. An image display screen 105 is installed on the top of the optical imaging housing 101.

[0051] The choledochoscope main body 1 realizes visual observation and precise control of the inside of the bile duct through components such as the optical imaging system, the operating handle 104, and the image display screen 105, providing basic support and guidance for the entire operation; the working channel 103 provides an exclusive operation space for the spiral sampling head 201 of the spiral sampling assembly 2 and the suction pipe 306 of the tail-end negative pressure suction assembly 3, enabling them to smoothly carry out key operations such as scraping samples and sucking samples in the bile duct.

[0052] An optical imaging system is fixedly installed inside the optical imaging housing 101. A battery 4 is fixedly installed inside the operating handle 104. Control buttons 5 are fixedly installed on the surface of the operating handle 104.

[0053] The spiral sampling assembly 2 includes a spiral sampling head 201 installed inside the working channel 103. An adjusting assembly 21, a locking assembly 22, a rotating assembly 23, and a connecting assembly 24 are arranged inside the working channel 103.

[0054] In this embodiment, the spiral sampling assembly 2 can flexibly adjust its position, stably sample, and efficiently obtain high-quality diseased tissue samples by using the unique spiral sampling head 201 in combination with the adjusting, locking, rotating, and connecting assembly 24.

[0055] The tail-end negative pressure suction assembly 3 includes a vacuum pump 301 installed on the surface of the optical imaging housing 101. A connecting pipe 302 is welded to one end of the vacuum pump 301. A connecting head 303 is welded to the end of the connecting pipe 302 away from the vacuum pump 301. A collecting cylinder 304 is threadedly connected to the end of the connecting head 303 away from the connecting pipe 302. An insertion block 305 is welded to the end of the vacuum pump 301 away from the connecting pipe 302. A suction pipe 306 is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the working channel 103. A fixing cylinder 307 is fixedly installed at the end of the suction pipe 306 close to the insertion block 305. A clamp 308 is fixedly installed on the surface of the fixing cylinder 307. A filter screen 309 is fixedly installed inside the spiral sampling head 201.

[0056] In this embodiment, the tail-end negative pressure suction assembly 3 generates negative pressure by means of the vacuum pump 301, and timely sucks the tissue samples scraped by the sampling head into the collecting cylinder 304 through the connecting pipe 302, the connecting head 303, the suction pipe 306, etc. The filter screen 309 can also ensure the purity of the samples, providing reliable samples for pathological analysis.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 ,a novel bile duct brushing device combining spiral sampling with end negative pressure suction. The adjusting component 21 includes a motor 211 fixedly installed inside the working channel 103. A threaded cylinder 212 is welded and installed at the output shaft of the motor 211. A threaded rod 213 is threadedly connected inside the threaded cylinder 212. A slider 214 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the threaded rod 213.

[0059] In this embodiment, the motor 211 drives the threaded cylinder 212 to rotate, prompting the threaded rod 213 to move axially, thereby flexibly adjusting the protruding length of the spiral sampling head 201 in the working channel 103 to meet the diverse requirements of different lesion positions for the position of the sampling head.

[0060] The locking component 22 includes a connecting cylinder 221 fixedly installed on the surface of the threaded rod 213. A group of reset springs 222 are fixedly installed on both the left and right sides of the connecting cylinder 221. Pressing plates 223 are fixedly installed on the sides of the two groups of reset springs 222 facing away from each other.

[0061] In this embodiment, the connecting cylinder 221, the reset springs 222 and the pressing plates 223 work together. When the spiral sampling head 201 is adjusted to the appropriate position, the reset springs 222 push the pressing plates 223 to closely fit the inner wall of the working channel 103, effectively locking the position of the spiral sampling head 201 and preventing its displacement during sampling, ensuring the stable progress of the sampling operation.

[0062] The rotating component 23 includes a micro motor 231 fixedly installed in the inner cavity at the bottom of the threaded rod 213. A turntable 232 is fixedly installed at the output shaft of the micro motor 231. A connecting block 233 is movably installed at the bottom of the turntable 232.

[0063] In this embodiment, the micro motor 231 drives the turntable 232 to rotate, thereby driving the spiral sampling head 201 to rotate, injecting power into the sampling process, and enabling the spiral sampling head 201 to efficiently scrape the diseased tissue.

[0064] The connecting component 24 includes two plug blocks 241 fixedly installed on the top of the connecting block 233. Fastening bolts 242 are threadedly connected inside both the left and right sides of the turntable 232.

[0065] In an embodiment, the insert block 241 and the fastening bolt 242 firmly connect the turntable 232 to the spiral sampling head 201, ensuring stable power transmission to the spiral sampling head 201. At the same time, the doctor can flexibly adjust the connection tightness through the fastening bolt 242 according to the actual working requirements, and the spiral sampling head 201 can also be disassembled for disinfection and cleaning.

[0066] The collection cylinder 304 is made of a transparent plastic cup, and scale lines are provided on the surface of the collection cylinder 304. Both the working channel 103 and the spiral sampling head 201 are made of medical stainless steel.

[0067] In this embodiment, the medical stainless steel material has good biocompatibility and can be in contact with human tissues for a long time without adverse reactions. At the same time, the transparent plastic collection cylinder 304 is convenient for viewing.

[0068] Embodiment III

[0069] A new type of biliary tract brushing method combining spiral sampling and end - negative pressure suction includes the following steps:

[0070] S1. The patient undergoes preoperative preparation, fasting for 6 - 8 hours, establishing an intravenous channel for fluid replacement, and selecting an appropriate anesthesia method according to the patient's condition, such as general anesthesia or local anesthesia;

[0071] S2: Check whether each component of the biliary tract brushing device combining new - type spiral sampling and end - negative pressure suction is in good condition, including the choledochoscope main body 1, the spiral sampling component 2, the end - negative pressure suction component 3, etc., ensure that functions of the optical imaging system, the operation handle 104, the control button 5, the vacuum pump 301, etc. are normal, and at the same time check whether the suction pipeline 306 and the collection cylinder 304 are clean and unblocked;

[0072] S3: Insert the equipped choledochoscope through the patient's mouth, slowly pass through the esophagus, stomach in sequence, enter the duodenum, and finally reach the biliary tract. During the process, precisely adjust the position and angle of the choledochoscope through the operation handle 104, and observe the internal image of the biliary tract on the image display screen 105 in real time;

[0073] S4: After the choledochoscope reaches the target lesion site, activate the adjustment component 21 of the spiral sampling component 2, start the motor 211 to rotate the threaded barrel 212, drive the threaded rod 213 to move axially, and adjust the protruding length of the spiral sampling head 201 in the working channel 103 until the spiral sampling head 201 approaches the diseased tissue; S5: Activate the rotation component 23 of the spiral sampling component 2, drive the turntable 232 to rotate by the micro motor 231, and then drive the spiral sampling head 201 to start rotating. At the same time, start the vacuum pump 301 of the tail-end negative pressure suction component 3 to form a negative pressure environment at the spiral sampling head 201 through the suction pipeline 306, start spiral sampling, and simultaneously suck the scraped tissue sample into the collection cylinder 304 to complete the sampling.

[0074] Therefore, this device integrates two key technologies: spiral sampling and tail-end negative pressure suction; the spiral sampling component 2 is the core part for obtaining tissue samples of lesions, and its design is extremely delicate. The spiral structure can penetrate into the bile duct lesion site during rotation and make full contact with the tissue by virtue of its unique physical form; compared with the traditional simple brush head, the spiral design greatly increases the contact area with the diseased tissue and improves the efficiency and quality of sampling; for example, when facing a neoplastic lesion in the bile duct, the spiral structure can penetrate deeper into the tumor tissue and scrape representative diseased cells, rather than just the surface tissue.

[0075] The tail-end negative pressure suction technology is another highlight of this device; during spiral sampling, the tail-end negative pressure suction component 3 is started synchronously. By establishing a stable and adjustable negative pressure environment at the tail end of the choledochoscope and using the suction pipeline 306 to communicate with the inside of the bile duct, the tissue sample scraped by the spiral sampling head 201 can be quickly sucked into the collection container.

[0076] In summary, this new method and device for bile duct brushing examination combining spiral sampling and tail-end negative pressure suction realizes visual observation and precise control of the inside of the bile duct through the optical imaging system, operation handle 104 and image display screen 105 of the choledochoscope main body 1; the adjustment, locking, rotation and connection components 24 of the spiral sampling component 2 work together to flexibly adjust the position of the spiral sampling head 201 and sample stably and efficiently; the tail-end negative pressure suction component 3 uses the vacuum pump 301 to timely suck the sample into the collection cylinder 304. Each component works closely together, greatly improving the operation accuracy and efficiency of bile duct brushing examination.

[0077] Moreover, the working channel 103 and the spiral sampling head 201 are made of medical stainless steel, which has good biocompatibility and can safely contact human tissues; the collection cylinder 304 is made of a transparent plastic cup with scale lines, which is convenient for viewing the sample and can assist in judging the sample volume. At the same time, each component can be disassembled for convenient disinfection and cleaning, effectively ensuring the safety and hygiene during the use of the device.

[0078] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "including" or any other variation thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising an..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the said element.

[0079] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A novel bile duct brushing device combining spiral sampling and end negative pressure suction, comprising a choledochoscope main body (1), a spiral sampling assembly (2) and an end negative pressure suction assembly (3), characterized in that: The choledochoscope main body (1) includes an optical imaging housing (101) located inside the choledochoscope main body (1). A connecting block (102) is welded to the left end of the optical imaging housing (101). A working channel (103) is welded to the end of the connecting block (102) away from the optical imaging housing (101). An operation handle (104) is fixedly installed at the end of the optical imaging housing (101) away from the connecting block (102). An image display screen (105) is installed on the top of the optical imaging housing (101); The spiral sampling assembly (2) includes a spiral sampling head (201) installed inside the working channel (103). An adjusting assembly (21), a locking assembly (22), a rotating assembly (23) and a connecting assembly (24) are arranged inside the working channel (103); The end negative pressure suction assembly (3) includes a vacuum pump (301) installed on the surface of the optical imaging housing (101). A connecting pipe (302) is welded to one end of the vacuum pump (301). A connecting head (303) is welded to the end of the connecting pipe (302) away from the vacuum pump (301). A collecting cylinder (304) is threadedly connected to the end of the connecting head (303) away from the connecting pipe (302). An inserting block (305) is welded to the end of the vacuum pump (301) away from the connecting pipe (302). A suction pipe (306) is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the working channel (103). A fixing cylinder (307) is fixedly installed at the end of the suction pipe (306) close to the inserting block (305). A clamp (308) is fixedly installed on the surface of the fixing cylinder (307). A filter screen (309) is fixedly installed inside the spiral sampling head (201).

2. The bile duct brushing device with a novel spiral sampling combined with end negative pressure suction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting assembly (21) includes a motor (211) fixedly installed inside the working channel (103). A threaded cylinder (212) is welded to the output shaft of the motor (211). A threaded rod (213) is threadedly connected inside the threaded cylinder (212). A slider (214) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the threaded rod (213); The locking assembly (22) includes a connecting cylinder (221) fixedly installed on the surface of the threaded rod (213). A group of reset springs (222) are fixedly installed on both the left and right sides of the connecting cylinder (221). A pressing plate (223) is fixedly installed on the side of each group of reset springs (222) away from each other; The rotating assembly (23) includes a micro motor (231) fixedly installed in the inner cavity at the bottom of the threaded rod (213). A turntable (232) is fixedly installed at the output shaft of the micro motor (231). A connecting block (233) is movably installed at the bottom of the turntable (232); The connection component (24) includes two insertion blocks (241) fixedly installed on the top of the connection block (233), and fastening bolts (242) are threadedly connected to the left and right sides inside the turntable (232).

3. A novel bile duct brushing device combining spiral sampling and end negative pressure suction according to claim 1, characterized in that: An optical imaging system is fixedly installed inside the optical imaging housing (101), a battery (4) is fixedly installed inside the operating handle (104), and control buttons (5) are fixedly installed on the surface of the operating handle (104).

4. A novel biliary brushing device combining spiral sampling and end negative pressure suction according to claim 2, characterized in that: A thread groove adapted to the threaded rod (213) is formed inside the threaded cylinder (212), the slider (214) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the working channel (103), and both of the pressing plates (223) are designed as arc-shaped plates, and one side of both of the pressing plates (223) facing away from each other is slidably connected to the inner wall of the working channel (103).

5. A novel biliary brushing device combining spiral sampling and tail-end negative pressure suction according to claim 2, characterized in that: A jack adapted to the two insertion blocks (241) is formed inside the turntable (232), and both of the insertion blocks (241) are inserted into the inside of the jack, and one side of both of the fastening bolts (242) facing each other extends into the insertion block (241).

6. The a novel biliary brushing device combining spiral sampling and end negative pressure suction according to claim 2, wherein: One end of the spiral sampling head (201) extends into the working channel (103), one end of the suction pipe (306) is fixedly connected to the turntable (232) through a rotary joint, and one end of the suction pipe (306) extends into the turntable (232) and is communicated with the rotary sampling head (201).

7. A novel biliary brushing device combining spiral sampling and end negative pressure suction according to claim 1, characterized in that: An installation hole is formed on the surface of the optical imaging housing (101), the surface of the vacuum pump (301) is threadedly connected to the installation hole, and the insertion block (305) extends into the fixed cylinder (307) and the two are fixed through a clamp (308).

8. A novel biliary brushing device combining spiral sampling and end negative pressure aspiration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collection cylinder (304) is made of a transparent plastic cup, and scale lines are arranged on the surface of the collection cylinder (304), and the spiral sampling head (201), the suction pipe (306), the vacuum pump (301), the connecting pipe (302) and the collection cylinder (304) are communicated with each other.

9. A new bile duct brushing method combining spiral sampling and tail-end negative pressure suction, including the bile duct brushing method of a new bile duct brushing device combining spiral sampling and tail-end negative pressure suction described in claims 1-8, characterized in that: Comprising the following steps: S1. The patient undergoes preoperative preparation, fasts for 6 - 8 hours, establishes an intravenous channel for fluid replacement, and selects a suitable anesthesia method according to the patient's condition, such as general anesthesia or local anesthesia; S2: Check whether each component of the novel spiral sampling combined with end - negative - pressure suction biliary tract brushing device is intact, including the choledochoscope main body (1), the spiral sampling component (2), the end - negative - pressure suction component (3), etc., ensure that functions of the optical imaging system, the operating handle (104), the control buttons (5), the vacuum pump (301), etc. are normal, and at the same time check whether the suction pipe (306) and the collection cylinder (304) are clean and unblocked; S3: Insert the equipped choledochoscope into the patient's mouth, slowly pass through the esophagus and stomach in sequence, enter the duodenum, and finally reach the biliary tract. During the process, precisely adjust the position and angle of the choledochoscope through the operating handle (104), and observe the internal image of the biliary tract on the image display screen (105) in real time; S4: After the choledochoscope reaches the target lesion site, turn on the adjustment component (21) of the spiral sampling component (2), start the motor (211), rotate the threaded cylinder (212), drive the threaded rod (213) to move axially, and adjust the extension length of the spiral sampling head (201) in the working channel (103) until the spiral sampling head (201) approaches the diseased tissue; S5: Turn on the rotation component (23) of the spiral sampling component (2), drive the turntable (232) to rotate by the micro motor (231), and then drive the spiral sampling head (201) to start rotating. At the same time, start the vacuum pump (301) of the tail-end negative pressure suction component (3), form a negative pressure environment at the spiral sampling head (201) through the suction pipeline (306), start spiral sampling and synchronously suck the scraped tissue samples into the collection cylinder (304), and the sampling can be completed.

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