Fresh processing method of wine-processed cynomorium songaricum

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine processing, and relates to a fresh processing method of wine-processed cynomorium songaricum, in particular to a rapid fresh processing method of wine-processed cynomorium songaricum for treating kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. According to the processing method, the technology for processing the cynomorium songaricum while the cynomorium songaricum is fresh is defined, the preparation method has the advantages of being high in efficiency, stable in technology, easy and convenient to operate and low in cost, compared with a traditional steaming method, the preparation method can reduce energy consumption and procedures, meanwhile, the treatment effect is similar to that of wine cynomorium songaricum processed and processed traditionally, and the method is suitable for popularization and application. The invention provides a novel method for reducing energy consumption, reducing carbon emission and producing'green decoction pieces' for decoction piece production enterprises.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine processing methods, and relates to a method for processing and preparing Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine while it is still fresh, specifically to a rapid method for processing and preparing Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine for treating kidney-yang deficiency syndrome while it is still fresh. Background Art

[0002] Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which has the effects of tonifying kidney-yang, benefiting essence and blood, and moistening the intestines for defecation. It is the dried fleshy stem of the plant Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. of the family Cynomorium, and is used for kidney-yang deficiency, essence and blood deficiency, weakness of the waist and knees, impotence and spermatorrhea, intestinal dryness and constipation. It was first recorded in "Supplementary Records of the Explanation of Materia Medica". The main processed products of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. in past dynasties include raw products, products steamed with wine, products stir-fried with salt, products stir-fried with wine, etc. The method of processing with wine is the main processing method of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr., and the effect of tonifying kidney-yang and strengthening yang can be enhanced by processing with wine. Since the traditional method of steaming with wine requires a long time and more energy, the traditional method of steaming with wine is improved, and processing and preparing Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine while it is still fresh can achieve the effects of saving labor and energy.

[0003] For the traditional processed and prepared slices of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine, fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. needs to be dried into raw Cynomorium songaricum Rupr., then the raw Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. is soaked with wine until it is thoroughly moistened, and then steamed to a corresponding degree and then dried to obtain the processed slices of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine. Compared with the traditional processing method of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine, the Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. processed and prepared with wine while it is still fresh in the present invention omits the drying process from fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. to raw Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. and the process of moistening with wine, avoids the phenomenon of repeated drying and ingredient loss of the processed slices of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine, and directly completes the operations of moistening with wine and steaming through the method of processing and preparing while it is still fresh, greatly reducing the processing time from the raw slices of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. to the processed slices of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine. However, in the current patent and thesis literatures, there is no record of the processing technology of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. processed while it is still fresh, and there are no clear parameters for the amount of wine added, the amount of water added and the boiling time during the process of processing and preparing while it is still fresh.

[0004] Based on this, the present patent provides a method for processing and preparing Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine while it is still fresh. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above existing technical problems, the present invention provides a method for processing and preparing Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine while it is still fresh. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a processed product of fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. for treating kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. This processing method clarifies the processing technology of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. processed with wine while it is still fresh and the medicinal effect of treating kidney-yang deficiency, providing a new method for the slice production enterprises to reduce energy consumption, reduce carbon emissions and produce "green slices".

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0007] A method for processing and preparing Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine while it is still fresh, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Add fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. medicinal materials and mix them evenly with yellow rice wine and water to obtain Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. moistened with wine;

[0009] Step 2: After placing the wine-moistened Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. in a pot and boiling it, take it out, let it cool, cut it into thin slices, and dry it to obtain the fresh-processed and processed product of wine-treated Cynomorium songaricum Rupr.

[0010] Furthermore, in Step 1, the weight of the yellow rice wine is 20%-60% of the weight of the fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. medicinal material.

[0011] Furthermore, in Step 1, the weight of water is 20%-60% of the weight of the fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. medicinal material.

[0012] Furthermore, in Step 2, the boiling duration is 1-3 hours.

[0013] A fresh-processed and processed product of wine-treated Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. is obtained by the above processing method.

[0014] The above fresh-processed and processed product of wine-treated Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. can be applied in drugs for treating kidney yang deficiency.

[0015] The prepared fresh-processed and processed product of wine-treated Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. can improve the contents of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), testosterone (T), and estradiol (E2) in the serum of rats with kidney yang deficiency.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows.

[0017] 1. The fresh-processed and processed method and use of wine-treated Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. provided by the present invention, the fresh-processed and processed technology of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. used has not been recorded in the existing research reports. This preparation method has the characteristics of high efficiency, stable process, simple operation, and low cost, and the fresh-processed and processed product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. has a good effect in treating kidney yang deficiency, and has a stronger therapeutic effect compared with the raw product and wine-steamed product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr.

[0018] 2. In the current existing technology, there is a lack of clear parameters in the fresh processing process of wine-treated Cynomorium songaricum Rupr., which is likely to lead to the processing not achieving the expected effect. In addition, this technology also highlights the efficacy of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. in treating kidney yang deficiency, and conducts a comparative investigation on the effects of different processed products of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. in treating kidney yang deficiency, and finds that the fresh-processed and processed product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. has a more prominent effect and is more conducive to Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. in treating the corresponding diseases.

[0019] 3. This patent determines the optimal process for the fresh processing and preparation of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine through orthogonal experiments, compares the content changes of components in different prepared products of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine during fresh processing, and verifies the therapeutic effect of the fresh processed and prepared products of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. by establishing a kidney-yang deficiency model in rats and investigating the effect of the fresh processed and prepared products of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. on tonifying kidney-yang in kidney-yang deficiency rats, so as to provide certain experimental basis for clinical medication. At the same time, when the research group of this project conducted a comparative study on pharmacodynamics before and after the fresh processing and preparation of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr., it was found that the fresh processing and preparation method of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. shortened the working hours and reduced energy consumption compared with the traditional processing and preparation method of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine. Chemically, its component content was better, and its therapeutic effect on kidney-yang deficiency rats was similar in efficacy. The present invention can improve the medicinal value of the prepared products of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr., clarify the medicinal efficacy of the fresh processed and prepared products of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr., and provide a basis for further developing Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. into a drug for treating kidney-yang deficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatogram of the fresh processed and prepared product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine in Example 1.

[0021] Figure 2 It is the physical picture of the fresh processed and prepared product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific examples and drawings, but it should not be understood that the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples. All technologies implemented based on the above content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

[0023] A method for fresh processing and preparation of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine includes the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: Add fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. medicinal materials and mix evenly with yellow rice wine and water, where the weight of yellow rice wine is 20%-60% of the weight of fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. medicinal materials, and the weight of water is 20%-60% of the weight of fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. medicinal materials; obtain Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. moistened with wine.

[0025] Step 2: Boil the Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. moistened with wine in a pot for 1-3 hours, then take it out, let it cool, cut it into thin slices, and dry it to obtain the fresh processed and prepared product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine.

[0026] The above-mentioned fresh processed and prepared product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine is obtained through the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0027] The above-mentioned fresh processed and prepared product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine can be applied in drugs for treating kidney-yang deficiency.

[0028] The prepared fresh processed and prepared product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine can improve the contents of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), testosterone (T), and estradiol (E2) in the serum of kidney-yang deficiency rats.

[0029] Example 1.

[0030] A method for processing and preparing Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. while it is still fresh, comprising the following steps:

[0031] Add 500 g of fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. medicinal materials, mix well with yellow rice wine and water, add yellow rice wine according to 20% of the weight of the medicinal materials, add water according to 60% of the weight of the medicinal materials, place the moistened fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. medicinal materials in a pot and boil for 3 hours, let it cool, cut into thin slices, and dry; obtain the fresh-processed and prepared product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. processed with yellow rice wine. Use the high performance liquid chromatography method of Example 5 to detect the fresh-processed and prepared product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. processed with yellow rice wine in Example 1, and its chromatogram is shown in Figure 1 (wherein, 1 is gallic acid, 2 is catechin, 3 is epicatechin, 4 is phloridzin).

[0032] Example 2.

[0033] Add 500 g of fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. medicinal materials, mix well with yellow rice wine and water, add yellow rice wine according to 40% of the weight of the medicinal materials, add water according to 20% of the weight of the medicinal materials, place the moistened fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. medicinal materials in a pot and boil for 1 hour, let it cool, cut into thin slices, and dry to obtain the fresh-processed and prepared product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. processed with yellow rice wine.

[0034] Example 3.

[0035] Add 500 g of fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. medicinal materials, mix well with yellow rice wine and water, add yellow rice wine according to 60% of the weight of the medicinal materials, add water according to 60% of the weight of the medicinal materials, place the moistened fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. medicinal materials in a pot and boil for 2 hours, let it cool, cut into thin slices, and dry to obtain the fresh-processed and prepared product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. processed with yellow rice wine.

[0036] Example 4.

[0037] Add 500 g of fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. medicinal materials, mix well with yellow rice wine and water, add yellow rice wine according to 20% of the weight of the medicinal materials, add water according to 40% of the weight of the medicinal materials, place the moistened fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. medicinal materials in a pot and boil for 3 hours, let it cool, cut into thin slices, and dry to obtain the fresh-processed and prepared product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. processed with yellow rice wine.

[0038] Example 5.

[0039] 1. Instruments and materials

[0040] 1.1 Instruments

[0041] Waters e2695 high performance liquid chromatograph, METTLER AE240 one in a hundred thousandth analytical balance, numerical control ultrasonic cleaner (KQ-250DB), oven (WGL-125B), 200-type pulverizer (Dongguan Fangtai Electric Appliance Co., Ltd.).

[0042] 1.2 Test drugs

[0043] Cynomorium songaricum was collected from Alxa, Inner Mongolia. Gallic acid (DST190715-008, Chengdu Desite Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), catechin (batch number A0418C), epicatechin (batch number N1106AS), and phlorizin (batch number M1218AS) reference substances were purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the purity of the reference substances was >98%. Yellow wine (Zhejiang Ta Pai Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., batch number GB / T13662), methanol was chromatographic methanol, water was ultrapure water, and other reagents were of analytical grade.

[0044] 2. The method for preparing the fresh Cynomorium songaricum

[0045] The contents of gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin and phlorizin in fresh Cynomorium songaricum were taken as evaluation indicators, the amount of wine added, the amount of water added and the cooking time were selected as investigation factors, and the orthogonal experimental method was used to optimize the optimal processing technology of fresh Cynomorium songaricum.

[0046] The factor level table design of fresh processed products of Cynomorium songaricum in orthogonal test method is as follows, see Table 1.

[0047] Table 1. Orthogonal test design factors and levels of fresh processed products of Cynomorium songaricum

[0048]

[0049] Evaluation index determination method of gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin and phlorizin: high performance liquid chromatography was used; chromatographic conditions: chromatographic column, Welch Ultimate XB-C18 (4.6×250 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase A: 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution, mobile phase B: methanol; gradient elution (0-15 min, 5%-10% B; 15-20 min, 10%-19% B; 20-35 min, 19%-30% B; 35-45 min, 30%-45% B; 45-50 min, 45%-60% B; 50-55 min, 60%-60% B; 55-60 min, 60%-100% B); flow rate 1.0 mL min -1 ; Injection volume 10μL; Detection wavelength 280nm; Column temperature 35℃.

[0050] Preparation of solutions Preparation of reference solutions: Accurately weigh gallic acid reference substance, catechin reference substance, epicatechin reference substance, and phloridzin reference substance separately and place them in 10 mL volumetric flasks. Dilute with methanol to the mark to obtain a 0.011 mg / mL gallic acid reference solution, a 0.0665 mg / mL catechin reference solution, a 0.061 mg / mL epicatechin reference solution, and a 0.011 mg / mL phloridzin reference solution. Preparation of test solutions: Take the fresh Cynomorium songaricum processed and prepared test samples, crush (pass through No. 4 sieve), accurately weigh 1.0 g, place in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25 mL of 50% methanol, weigh, soak for 30 min, ultrasonically treat for 40 min, cool, weigh again, make up the weight loss with 50% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the continuous filtrate to obtain the test solution.

[0051] The determination results are as follows, as shown in Table 2 and Table 3.

[0052] Table 2 Orthogonal test arrangement and results of the fresh processing and preparation products of Cynomorium songaricum processed with wine

[0053] Table 3 Results of variance analysis of orthogonal test for the fresh processing and preparation products of Cynomorium songaricum processed with wine

[0054]

[0055] Comprehensive score = [0.25×(Wi / Wmax)+0.25×(Xi / Xmax)+0.25×(Yi / Ymax)+0.25×(Zi / Zmax)]×100%.

[0056] In the above formula, W is the gallic acid content, X is the catechin content, Y is the epicatechin content, Z is the phloridzin content, and the parameters of the four indexes of the comprehensive score of the fresh processing and preparation products of Cynomorium songaricum processed with wine are each set to 25%.

[0057] From the orthogonal test results and variance analysis, it can be seen that the three factors of the amount of added wine, the amount of added water, and the boiling time in the fresh processing and preparation process of Cynomorium songaricum processed with wine are all significant. The order of the influence of each factor on the quality of the fresh processing and preparation products of Cynomorium songaricum processed with wine is: the amount of added water (B) > the amount of added wine (A) > the boiling time (C). Combining the intuitive analysis, the optimal process for the fresh processing and preparation products of Cynomorium songaricum processed with wine is A1B3C3, that is, add 20% yellow rice wine and 60% water to every 500 g of fresh Cynomorium songaricum medicinal materials, mix well, boil for 3 hours, cool, cut into thin slices, and dry. And the subsequent pharmacodynamic experiments for treating kidney yang deficiency are verified with this optimized process. 3. The following is the verification experiment of the "fresh processing and preparation process of Cynomorium songaricum processed with wine"

[0058] Take 500g of fresh Cynomorium songaricum medicinal material, parallel 3 parts, add 20% of the weight of the medicinal material rice wine and 60% of water, mix well, put in a pot and cook for 3 hours, let cool, cut into thin slices, and dry. Determine the content of gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin and phlorizin for verification (the determination method is the same as before); the verification results are shown in Table 4.

[0059] Table 4 Verification test results of fresh processed products of Cynomorium songaricum

[0060]

[0061] The above verification results show that the contents of gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin and phlorizin in the samples using the optimal processing technology are relatively stable, indicating that the process is stable and reliable.

[0062] 4. The following is a comparative study on the content of ingredients in different preparations of fresh Cynomorium songaricum

[0063] Take the traditional processed product of wine Cynomorium songaricum and the processed product of wine Cynomorium songaricum in Example 1 in an appropriate amount and prepare samples according to the above "test sample preparation method", and determine the content of gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, and phloridzin according to the above "chromatographic conditions", and compare the content changes of the components in the traditional processed product of wine Cynomorium songaricum and the processed product of wine Cynomorium songaricum. (Traditional processed product of wine Cynomorium songaricum: add raw Cynomorium songaricum to yellow wine and soak for 6 hours, then steam it in a steamer for 6 hours to obtain) The comparison results of the chemical component contents of different processed products of fresh Cynomorium songaricum are shown in Table 5.

[0064] Table 5 Results of chemical composition content of different processed products of Cynomorium songaricum

[0065]

[0066] Through the comparison of the content of ingredients in different processed products of Cynomorium songaricum while fresh, it can be seen that compared with the traditional processed products of Cynomorium songaricum, the contents of gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin and phlorizin in the processed products of Cynomorium songaricum while fresh are increased, indicating that the content of chemical components in the processed products of Cynomorium songaricum while fresh is better than that in the traditional processed products.

[0067] 5. The following is a rat experiment on "the treatment of kidney yang deficiency with fresh processed products of Cynomorium songaricum"

[0068] 5.1 Determination method

[0069] Forty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a positive group (Guifu Dihuang Pills), a raw product group, a wine-steamed product group, and a fresh-processing processed product group, with 7 rats in each group. The rats in the raw product group, the wine-steamed product group, and the fresh-processing processed product (fresh-processing processed product of wine-processed Cynomorii Herba in Example 1) group were intragastrically administered at a concentration of 8.1 g / kg according to the pharmacopoeia dose and the equivalent dose conversion method between humans and rats. The rats in the positive group were intragastrically administered at a concentration of 0.43 g / kg daily. The blank group and the model group were given an equal amount of distilled water once a day, with the administration dose being 1 mL / 100 g. After continuous administration for 10 days, starting from the 11th day, except for the blank group, rats in each group were intragastrically administered hydrocortisone at 25 mg / kg to establish a kidney-yang deficiency model, and the model was established while administering drugs for 10 days. The entire administration and modeling period was 20 days. After the last administration, food was withheld but water was not restricted. After 24 hours, rats in each group were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 20% urethane solution at a dose of 1 mL / 100 g. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta, allowed to stand for 30 minutes, centrifuged at 3500 r for 15 minutes, and the supernatant was taken and stored at -80°C for later measurement. After thawing the stored serum samples to room temperature, the contents of T3, T4, T, and E2 were measured by ELISA method, and the operation was carried out according to the method and steps in the kit instructions. All the above data were imported into SPSS 25.0 software for data statistical analysis. The data were expressed as , and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD test method were used for multiple comparisons between groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

[0070] 5.2 Measurement results

[0071] It can be seen from the experimental results that compared with the blank group, the contents of T3, T4, and T in the serum of rats with kidney-yang deficiency model were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while the content of E2 was significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the fresh-processing processed product of Cynomorii Herba could significantly increase the contents of T3, T4, and T in the serum of rats (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and at the same time had a tendency to decrease the content of E2, but there was no significant difference. This indicates that the fresh-processing processed product of Cynomorii Herba has a certain effect on treating kidney-yang deficiency. In the comparison of the pharmacodynamics of different processed products, compared with the raw product, the fresh-processing processed product of Cynomorii Herba showed a significant effect on treating kidney-yang deficiency, and the therapeutic effect was similar to that of the wine-steamed product. In summary, the preparation method of fresh-processing processing of Cynomorii Herba was used to treat kidney-yang deficiency in this patent. The results of the contents of T3, T4, T, and E2 are shown in Table 6.

[0072] Table 6 Effects of different fresh-processing processed products of wine-processed Cynomorii Herba on the contents of T3, T4, T, and E2 in the serum of rats with kidney-yang deficiency ( n = 7)

[0073]

[0074] Compared with the blank group,a P < 0.05, aa P < 0.01; Compared with the model group, b P < 0.05, bb P < 0.01; Compared with the raw product group, cc P < 0.01.

[0075] Typical cases

[0076] Case 1: Wang, male, 34 years old, presented with sore waist and back, listlessness, impotence, and premature ejaculation. After using the processed product of Example 1 of the present invention for 20 days, the sore waist and back were relieved, the mental state was good, and the symptoms of impotence and premature ejaculation were alleviated.

[0077] Case 2: Liu, male, 38 years old, felt fatigue and weakness, cold limbs, spermatorrhea, and decreased sleep quality. After using the processed product of Example 1 of the present invention for 22 days, the fatigue and weakness were relieved, the symptoms of spermatorrhea and cold were improved, and the sleep quality was enhanced.

Claims

1. A method for processing and preparing Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. while it is still fresh, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Add fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. herbs, mix well with yellow rice wine and water to obtain Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. moistened with wine; Step 2: After boiling the Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. moistened with wine in a pot, take it out, let it cool, cut it into thin slices, and dry it to obtain a fresh-processed and processed product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine.

2. The fresh-processing and preparation method of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 1, the weight of the yellow rice wine is 20%-60% of the weight of the fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. herbs.

3. The fresh processing and preparation method of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 1, the weight of the water is 20%-60% of the weight of the fresh Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. herbs.

4. The method for processing and preparing Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. while it is still fresh according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 2, the boiling time is 1 to 3 hours.

5. A freshly processed and prepared product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr., characterized in that, Obtained by the processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The fresh processing and processed product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. according to claim 5, characterized in that, Use of the fresh-processed and processed product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine in drugs for treating kidney yang deficiency.

7. The fresh-processing and processed product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. according to claim 6, wherein The fresh-processed and processed product of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. with wine can improve the contents of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, testosterone and estradiol in the serum of rats with kidney yang deficiency.

Images